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Edited by Petra R. Rivera-Rideau, Jennifer A. Jones, and Tianna S. Paschel AFRO-LATIN@S IN MOVEMENTMOVEMENT Critical Approaches to Blackness and Transnationalism in the Americas Afro-Latin@ Diasporas The Afro-Latin@ Diasporas Book Series publishes scholarly and cre- ative writing on the African diasporic experience in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the United States. The Series includes books which address all aspects of Afro-Latin@ life and cultural expression throughout the hemisphere, with a strong focus on Afro-Latin@s in the United States. This Series is the fi rst-of-its-kind to combine such a broad range of topics, including religion, race, transnational identity, history, literature, music and the arts, social and cultural theory, biography, class and economic relations, gender, sexuality, sociology, politics, and migration. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14759 Petra R. Rivera-Rideau • Jennifer A. Jones • Tianna S. Paschel Editors Afro-Latin@s in Movement Critical Approaches to Blackness and Transnationalism in the Americas Editors Petra R. Rivera-Rideau Tianna S. Paschel Wellesley College University of California Berkeley Wellesley , Massachusetts, USA Berkeley , California , USA Jennifer A. Jones University of Notre Dame Notre Dame , Indiana , USA Afro-Latin@ Diasporas ISBN 978-1-137-60320-3 ISBN 978-1-137-59874-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59874-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016907723 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Cover illustration: © Stephen Hepworth / Alamy Stock Photo. Series logo inspired by “Le Marron Inconnu” by Haitian sculptor Albert Mangones This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. New York The 2016 publications in the Afro-Latin@ Diasporas Book Series are in loving memory of Juan Flores, teacher, mentor, scholar, and friend. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Several people and institutions made this book possible. First and fore- most, we would like to thank the Afro-Latin@ Diasporas series editors, Juan Flores, Miriam Jiménez Román , and Natasha Gordon-Chipembere, for inviting us to edit this volume and for their support of our work. We wish to extend our warmest thanks to the Inter-University Program for Latino Research and the many academic units at the University of Notre Dame for their support of this volume. Specifi cally, we would like to thank Tom McNeil and the Institute for Latino Studies for their sponsorship, as well as the Anderson Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, the Jose E. Fernandez Hispanic Caribbean Initiative, the Institute for Scholarship in the Liberal Arts, the Department of Africana Studies, the Department of American Studies, the Department of Anthropology, the Department of History, and Multicultural Student Programs and Services for their support. Special thanks must be given to Timothy Matovina, Idalia Maldonado, and Maribel Rodriguez, for all their assis- tance with this project. We must also thank the Center for the Study of Politics, Culture and Society at the University of Chicago for its support of the book conference that made this volume possible. In addition, we would like to thank our research assistants for their help: Jaime Sánchez at the University of Chicago and Jessica Herling, Talitha Rose, and Sofi a Ruhkin at Virginia Tech. Richard Caraballo and Natalia Linares were instrumental in making possible the interview with Los Rakas. At Palgrave Macmillan, we would like to thank Shaun Vigil and Erica Buchman for their guidance and support of this project. A special vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS acknowledgment must be given to Alejandro de la Fuente, Nena Torres, Ramona Hernandez, and Timothy Matovina, who supported this project from the very beginning. Finally, we would like to thank our families for their constant support. CONTENTS 1 Introduction: Theorizing Afrolatinidades 1 Petra R. Rivera-Rideau , Jennifer A. Jones , and Tianna S. Paschel Part 1 Imagining Afrolatinidades 31 Jossianna Arroyo 2 The Expediency of Blackness: Racial Logics and Danzón in the Port of Veracruz, Mexico 35 Hettie Malcomson 3 “Ni de aquí, ni de allá”: Garífuna Subjectivities and the Politics of Diasporic Belonging 61 Paul Joseph López Oro 4 The Death of “la Reina de la Salsa:” Celia Cruz and the Mythifi cation of the Black Woman 85 Monika Gosin 5 “Oye, Qué Bien Juegan Los Negros, ¿No?”: Blaxicans and Basketball in Mexico 109 Walter Thompson-Hernández ix x CONTENTS 6 Ritmo Negro: Visions of Afro-Latin America 131 Umi Vaughan Part 2 Rethinking the Archive 135 Nancy Raquel Mirabal 7 Afro-Latin@ Nueva York: Maymie De Mena and the Unsung Afro-Latina Leadership of the UNIA 141 Melissa Castillo-Garsow 8 Listening to Afro-Latinidad: The Sonic Archive of Olú Clemente 171 Patricia Herrera 9 Panabay Pride: A Conversation with Los Rakas 195 Petra R. Rivera-Rideau 10 The Afro-LAtino Project 211 Walter Thompson-Hernández Part 3 Diasporic Politics 215 Juliet Hooker 11 Translating Negroes into Negros: Rafael Serra’s Transamerican Entanglements Between Black Cuban Racial and Imperial Subalternity, 1895–1909 221 José I. Fusté 12 The Transnational Circulation of Political References: The Black Brazilian Movement and Antiracist Struggles of the Early Twentieth Century 247 Amilcar Araujo Pereira CONTENTS xi 13 Every Day Is Black Heritage Month: A Conversation Between Yvette Modestin and Tianna S. Paschel 269 Yvette Modestin and Tianna S. Paschel 14 Afterword: Afro-Latinos and Afro-Latin American Studies 289 Alejandro de la Fuente Index 305 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Jossianna Arroyo is Professor of Latin American and Caribbean Literatures in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the Department of African and African Diaspora Studies at the University of Texas, Austin. She is the author of Travestismos Culturales: Literatura y Etnografía en Cuba y Brasil (2003) and Writing Secrecy in Caribbean Freemasonry (Palgrave, 2013). She is working on a book on contemporary media circuits in the Caribbean and the politics of race, racialization, and vis- ibility in global times. Melissa Castillo-Garsow is a PhD candidate in American Studies and African American Studies at Yale University. Her short stories, articles, and poetry have appeared or are forthcoming in numerous outlets including Acentos Review , Hispanic Culture Review , CNN.com, El Diario/La Prensa , The Bilingual Review , and Women’s Studies . She coauthored the novel Pure Bronx in 2013 and is cur- rently editing La Verdad: A Reader of Hip Hop Latinidades , an anthology of Afro- Latino poetry, and a special issue on Brazilian hip-hop for the journal, Words Beats and Life: A Global Journal of Hip-Hop Culture. Alejandro de la Fuente is the Robert Woods Bliss Professor of Latin American History and Economics and Professor of African and African American Studies at Harvard University. He is also the director of the Afro- Latin American Research Institute at Harvard. De la Fuente is the author of Havana and the Atlantic in the Sixteenth Century (2008) and of A Nation for All: Race, Inequality, and Politics in Twentieth- Century Cuba (2001). He is also the curator of two art exhibitions deal- ing with issues of race, Queloides: Race and Racism in Cuban Contemporary Art (2010–2012) and Grupo Antillano: The Art of Afro-Cuba (ongoing). De la Fuente is working on a comparative study of slaves and the laws of Cuba, Virginia, and Louisiana. xiii xiv NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS José I. Fusté is a University of California President’s Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of History at University of California, Los Angeles. His research employs historiographic methods, literary and cultural analysis, and critical ethnic studies theories to reveal the intersections and transnational dimensions of Afro- Latin@ antiracist and anti-imperialist social movements in the United States. He is working on a book titled The Empire Strikes Black: Anti-Racism, U.S. Imperialism, and the Entanglements of Afro-Latin@ Caribbean Identity, 1895–1975. Monika Gosin is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the College of William and Mary. Gosin’s research and teaching interests include Latina/o and Africana studies, race and gender in popular culture and media, and intergroup relations. She is writing a book which situates Black Cubans within a historical analysis of African American and white Cuban exile relations in Miami and examines how Afro- Latina/o positionality intervenes in Black-Latino confl ict. Patricia Herrera is Associate Professor in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of Richmond. Herrera’s teaching and research focuses on contemporary theater and performance with an emphasis on social justice, identity politics, and transnationalism. She is writing a book which critically examines the work of female artists of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe between 1973 and 2010. She articles have appeared in Transformations: The Journal of Inclusive Scholarship and Pedagogy , Chicana/Latina Studies: The Journal of MALCS , African American Review , and Public: A Journal of Imagining America.

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