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Life in Tanganyika in the Fifties

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Life in Tanganyika in the Fifties Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties Godfrey Mwakikagile 1 Copyright ( c) 2010 Godfrey Mwakikagile All rights reserved under international copyright conventions. Life in Tanganyika in the Fifties Third Edition ISBN 978-9987-16-012-9 New Africa Press Dar es Salaam Tanzania 2 3 4 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Chapter One: Born in Tanganyika Chapter Two: My Early Years: Growing up in Colonial Tanganyika Chapter Three: Newspapers in Tanganyika in the Fifties: A History Linked with My Destiny as a Reporter Chapter Four: Tanganyika Before Independence 5 Part II: Narratives from the White Settler Community and Others in Colonial Tanganyika in the Fifties Appendix I: Sykes of Tanzania Remembers the Fifties Appendix II: Paramount Chief Thomas Marealle Reflects on the Fifties: An Interview Appendix III: The Fifties in Tanganyika: A Tanzanian Journalist Remembers Appendix IV: Remembering Tanganyika That Was: Recollections of a Greek Settler Appendix V: Other European Immigrants Remember Those Days in Tanganyika Appendix VI: Princess Margaret in Tanganyika 6 Acknowledgements I WISH to express my profound gratitude to all the ex- Tanganyikans who have contributed to this project. It would not have taken the shape and form it did without their participation and support. I am also indebted to others for their material which I have included in the book. Also special thanks to Jackie and Karl Wigh of Australia for sending me a package of some material from Tanganyika in the fifties, including a special booklet on Princess Margaret's visit to Tanganyika in October 1956 and other items. As an ex-Tanganyikan myself, although still a Tanzanian, I feel that there are some things which these ex-Tanganyikans and I have in common in spite of our different backgrounds. We lived in Tanganyika during the same period; we are around the same age, at least most of us; we share perspectives on how life was in Tanganyika when we lived there around the same time; and many of us have not lived in what is now Tanzania for many years. In fact, I have lived in the United States longer than I did in Tanzania. And I have never gone back in all those years. But I intend to, one day, and spend the rest of my life in my native land. This book focuses on life in Tanganyika in the fifties, the decade before independence. It was a period of transition from colonial rule to sovereign status for Tanganyika and most of us witnessed this fundamental change and historic event even if it meant very little to many of us in terms of political significance because we were too young to understand what was going on 7 during that time. I remember the celebrations and fireworks on independence day in December 1961 in the town of Tukuyu in Rungwe District in the Southern Highlands Province. But to me it was no more than a festive occasion. I was only 12 years old and politics meant nothing or very little to me and other youngsters of all races. Many of those youngsters are now parents and grandparents and some of them have contributed to this work which is one of the most important projects in my life. I found them in different parts of the world: in Britain, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand; in the United States, Russia, Canada, Dubai, Tahiti, Italy, Turkey and other countries. And most of them were as enthusiastic as I was about the project. It brought back old memories, and even tears to at least one or two of them. It may also have inspired and encouraged some of them to start writing their memoirs about those days. And they were good old days in many respects. Not everything was good, but they were the good ol' days for many people. And they are still fresh in the memories of many ex- Tanganyikans living in different parts of the world including Africa itself. In fact, some of them told me they had already started writing their memoirs and about the years they spent in Tanganyika long before I got in touch with them. One of them said she had already written a book and was just waiting for it to be published. And quite a few of them know about Tanzania today more than I do because they have been there in recent times and through the years. Many of them visit Tanzania on regular basis for obvious reasons. I remember one in Britain who was on her way to Tanzania around the same time I got in touch with her. Others told me they go to Tanzania quite often, some every year. They have solid ties to Tanzania; they were born and brought up there and they are involved in different projects including charitable work. And they all remember those days with fondness, when life was simpler and safer, and the people friendlier. One ex-Tanganyikan who spent more than 40 years in Tanganyika, later Tanzania, told me that he even remembers when 8 he could sleep in the back of his truck, wide open, without fear of being attacked by anybody. And he did that many times when he was travelling as a missionary. But not anymore! Those days are gone. And they are gone forever! However, the memories are still there to be savoured and cherished. One ex-Tanganyikan remembered, with nostalgia, a song in Kiswahili and asked me if I also still remembered the song. I said I did. She was talking about Tanganyika, Tanganyika, nakupenda kwa moyo wote , which means, "Tanganyika, Tanganyika, I love you with all my heart"! Many ex-Tanganyikans who left Tanganyika, and Africa, left their hearts in Africa, and in Tanganyika in particular. Their great enthusiasm for this project is proof of that. And to all of you, I say, Asante sana – Thank you very much. Mungu ibariki Afrika - God bless Africa Mungu ibariki Tanganyika - God bless Tanganyika Mungu ibariki Tanzania - God bless Tanzania. 9 10 Introduction DURING a period when many people in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania – as well as in Rwanda and Burundi – are talking about forming an East African federation under one government, with Arusha in Tanzania as its capital, it may sound anachronistic when some of us in Tanzania are nostalgic about the good old days as life was in Tanganyika before the union with Zanzibar which led to the creation of the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964. But that is indeed the case. And in many fundamental respects, they were the good ol' days! And we remember those days with nostalgia. And that is where we now turn to. This work focuses on life in Tanganyika in the fifties. My focus was partly dictated by my interest in the autobiographical aspect of this enquiry because the fifties were some of the most important years of my life. They were my formative years, as were the early sixties, and had a great impact on the development of my personality. What I am today has a lot to do with what happened, and what I learned, in those years. The fifties were also a turning point in another respect. The years signalled the end of an era and the beginning of a new one. It was the decade in which colonial rule was finally coming to an end. It was also the decade in which direct European influence reached it peak after decades of colonial rule since the 1890s when the Germans acquired the territory which came to be known as German East Africa or Deutsch Ostafrika as the Germans called it. 11 The years before the fifties also witnessed a transformation in the lives of Africans because of the political, social and economic impact colonial rule and European influence had on them. Roughly speaking, it was a transition from the traditional to the modern way of life. The people basically lived the same way as they did before the coming of Europeans but there were some changes in their lives which had never been witnessed before. Therefore the years before the fifties provide an important background which helps us better understand what happened during that very important decade which is remembered, probably more than anything else, as the last years of colonial rule in Tanganyika. The social transformation of Tanganyika had been a gradual process through the years. Although it began in most parts of the country with the advent of colonial rule when the country was first colonized by Germany, there is no question that most of the changes which took place occurred during the British colonial period. The British ruled Tanganyika longer than the Germans did, and they had an impact on the country which last longer. Even today British influence is clearly evident in what is now Tanzania. Probably the only exception in terms of early penetration by foreigners was along the coast where Africans had been in contact with the Arabs and other foreigners mainly from Asia for centuries long before colonization by Europeans. The Portuguese also had early contacts with the coastal people in the 1500s but their impact was minimal compared to that of the Arabs whose culture became dominant especially after the introduction of Islam. But my focus is on the fifties not only because of the significance of the decade as an integral part of my life but also as a very important period in the history of Tanganyika which witnessed the beginning of the end of colonial rule in the largest country in East Africa. It is a bygone era, yet relevant to my life today as it was back then.
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