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Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas Tolkiensprachen Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas Khuzdul Erfinder: J. R. R. Tolkien Jahr: ca. 1930 Ziel: Ästhetik, Linguistik Phonologie: sogut wie keine Informationen vorhanden Morphologie: Wurzel-Schema / wie in semitischen Sprachen Lexikon: sehr klein Allgemeines • Aule erschuf die Zwerge und ihre Sprache Khuzdul (auch Agla genannt - von „aglab“ tongue in Quenya) • geheime Sprache der Zwergen unter sich → pflegten und hüteten sie „wie einen Schatz“ vor Freund und Feind → wurde nichtmehr als Muttersprache sondern nur als überlieferte Sprache gesprochen und blieb deshalb über die Jahre hinweg sehr konstant (kein Sprachwandel) • mit anderen Völkern nutzen sie die Gemeinsprache Westron • eigene Gebärdensprache Iglishmek → im Gegensatz zu Khuzdul mehr benutzt und von Sprachwandel beeinflusst • jeder Zwerg hat zwei Namen: → einen inneren, geheimen Namen in Khuzdul (nichtmal auf Grabinschriften benutzt) → einen Namen in der Gemeinsprache Westron (z.B. Balin) • Schriftsystem: Runen (Angerthas Moria) in Stein geritzt • ein Haus der Menschen (Haus Hador) durfte es im 1. Zeitalter lernen, es war für Menschen aber sehr schwierig auszusprechen • Elben hatten kein Interesse, nur wenige durften es im 2. Zeitalter für Linguistische Zwecke lernen Linguistik • Angelehnt an semitische Sprachen (wie z.B Arabisch / Hebräisch ) • Wurzel aus Konsonanten → normalerweise aus 3 Radikalen (z.B. Kh-Z-D „dwarvish“) Tolkiensprachen Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas → bei einer Wurzel aus 2 Radikalen wird ein glottaler Verschlusslaut angefügt, der nicht als eige- nes Phonem gilt (z.B. Z-N „dark, dim“ → uzn „dimness“ [ʔuzn]) • initial sind keine zwei Konsonanten erlaubt, final allerdings schon → Silbenstruktur: (C)VC(C*) • das Einfügen von Vokalen zwischen die Radikale bildet Worte; verschiedene Vokale können nicht nur verschiedene Bedeutungen sondern auch grammatische Informationen codieren → z.B: Sg. -u- (Khuzd „dwarf“, Rukhs „orc“) → Pl. -a-â- (Khazâd „dwarves“, Rhakhâs „orcs“) • Vokalinventar: [a, e, i, o, u, â, ê, î, ô, û, (ʌ)] • Konsonanteninventar: → der glottale Verschlusslaut gilt nicht als eigenes Phonem, kommt aber vor initialen Vokalen vor → ob der Trill R oder das uvulare R gesprochen wird, ist sprecherabhängig → die Plosive [k] und [t] existieren auch aspiriert ([kh] und [th]) • keine Informationen über die Betonung vorhanden Tolkiensprachen Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas Übung Jetzt gibt es eine Aufgabe für dich. Versuch bitte die Runen in lateinische Umschrift zu übersetzen. Die Angerthas Moria: Quellen Ardapedia <http://ardapedia.herr-der-ringe-film.de/index.php/Khuzdul> (12.10.2016) khuzdul <http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/khuzdul.htm> (12.10.2016) Angerthas Moria <http://lambenor.free.fr/runas/runmor.gif> (12.10.2016).
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