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Reimagining Tolkien: a Post-Colonial Perspective on the Lord of the Rings
Reimagining Tolkien: A Post-colonial Perspective on The Lord of the Rings Name: Louise Liebherr Award: PhD. Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick Supervisor: Dr. John McDonagh Submitted to University of Limerick July 2012 i Declaration: I hereby declare that this thesis represents my own work and has not been submitted, in whole or in part, by me or any other person, for the purpose of obtaining any other qualification. Signed: __________________________________ Date: __________________________________ ii Dedication To my boyfriend Niall and my parents Michelle and Louis, the people who have most directly had to endure the wide range of emotions that this undertaking has subjected me to. iii Abstract This thesis analyses J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings from a post-colonial perspective. An Oxford don and philologist, who was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa but spent the majority of his life in Britain, Tolkien is best known amongst the general reading public for being the author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, although he also published a number of other texts during his lifetime. The primary aim of this project is to conduct a close textual examination of Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings in light of twentieth century post-colonial concerns regarding the representation of the Other, Orientalism, language and the environment. By approaching his text in this way, it will be possible to ascertain whether or not Tolkien utilises some of the issues which arise in his text in such a way that they engage with the concerns raised by twentieth century post-colonial theorists, a feat which would determine whether or not The Lord of the Rings can be seen to function as a twentieth century post-colonial critique of colonial attitudes and ideas. -
A Secret Vice: the Desire to Understand J.R.R
Mythmoot III: Ever On Proceedings of the 3rd Mythgard Institute Mythmoot BWI Marriott, Linthicum, Maryland January 10-11, 2015 A Secret Vice: The Desire to Understand J.R.R. Tolkien’s Quenya Or, Out of the Frying-Pan Into the Fire: Creating a Realistic Language as a Basis for Fiction Cheryl Cardoza In a letter to his son Christopher in February of 1958, Tolkien said “No one believes me when I say that my long book is an attempt to create a world in which a form of language agreeable to my personal aesthetic might seem real” (Letters 264). He added that The Lord of the Rings “was an effort to create a situation in which a common greeting would be elen síla lúmenn’ omentielmo,1 and that the phrase long antedated the book” (Letters 264-5). Tolkien often felt guilty about this, his most secret vice. Even as early as 1916, he confessed as much in a letter to Edith Bratt: “I have done some touches to my nonsense fairy language—to its improvement. I often long to work at it and don’t let myself ‘cause though I love it so, it does seem a mad hobby” (Letters 8). It wasn’t until his fans encouraged him, that Tolkien started to 1 Later, Tolkien decided that Frodo’s utterance of this phrase was in error as he had used the exclusive form of we in the word “omentielmo,” but should have used the inclusive form to include Gildor and his companions, “omentielvo.” The second edition of Fellowship reflected this correction despite some musings on leaving it to signify Frodo being treated kindly after making a grammatical error in Quenya (PE 17: 130-131). -
Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas
Tolkiensprachen Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas Khuzdul Erfinder: J. R. R. Tolkien Jahr: ca. 1930 Ziel: Ästhetik, Linguistik Phonologie: sogut wie keine Informationen vorhanden Morphologie: Wurzel-Schema / wie in semitischen Sprachen Lexikon: sehr klein Allgemeines • Aule erschuf die Zwerge und ihre Sprache Khuzdul (auch Agla genannt - von „aglab“ tongue in Quenya) • geheime Sprache der Zwergen unter sich → pflegten und hüteten sie „wie einen Schatz“ vor Freund und Feind → wurde nichtmehr als Muttersprache sondern nur als überlieferte Sprache gesprochen und blieb deshalb über die Jahre hinweg sehr konstant (kein Sprachwandel) • mit anderen Völkern nutzen sie die Gemeinsprache Westron • eigene Gebärdensprache Iglishmek → im Gegensatz zu Khuzdul mehr benutzt und von Sprachwandel beeinflusst • jeder Zwerg hat zwei Namen: → einen inneren, geheimen Namen in Khuzdul (nichtmal auf Grabinschriften benutzt) → einen Namen in der Gemeinsprache Westron (z.B. Balin) • Schriftsystem: Runen (Angerthas Moria) in Stein geritzt • ein Haus der Menschen (Haus Hador) durfte es im 1. Zeitalter lernen, es war für Menschen aber sehr schwierig auszusprechen • Elben hatten kein Interesse, nur wenige durften es im 2. Zeitalter für Linguistische Zwecke lernen Linguistik • Angelehnt an semitische Sprachen (wie z.B Arabisch / Hebräisch ) • Wurzel aus Konsonanten → normalerweise aus 3 Radikalen (z.B. Kh-Z-D „dwarvish“) Tolkiensprachen Khuzdul Corinna Langer Sümeyra Altintas → bei einer Wurzel aus 2 Radikalen wird ein glottaler Verschlusslaut angefügt, der nicht als eige- nes Phonem gilt (z.B. Z-N „dark, dim“ → uzn „dimness“ [ʔuzn]) • initial sind keine zwei Konsonanten erlaubt, final allerdings schon → Silbenstruktur: (C)VC(C*) • das Einfügen von Vokalen zwischen die Radikale bildet Worte; verschiedene Vokale können nicht nur verschiedene Bedeutungen sondern auch grammatische Informationen codieren → z.B: Sg. -
THE CIRTH the Certhas Daeron Was Originallypb Devisedmt Tod Representnk Theg Soundsnr of Sindarinls Only
THE CIRTH The Certhas Daeron was originallypb devisedmt tod representnk theg soundsNr of SindarinlS only. The oldest cirth were , , , ; , , ; , , ; , ; , ziueo 1 2 5 6 8 9 12¤ 18 ¥19 22 29 31 35 ; , , , ; and a certh varying between and . The assignment 36 39 42 46 50 iue o 13 15 of values was unsystematic. , , and were vowels and remained so ¤ 39 42 ¥ 46 50 S in all later developments. 13 and 15 were used for h or s, according as 35 was used for s or h. This tendency to hesitate in the assignment of values for s and h continued in laterpl arangements. In those characters that consisted of a ‘stem’ and a ‘branch’, 1 – 31 , the attachment of the branch was, if on one side only, usually made on the right side. The reverse was not infrequent, but had no phonetic significance. The extension and elaboration of this certhas was called in its older form the Angerthas Daeron, since the additions to the old cirth and their re-organization was attributed to¤ Daeron.§ The principal additions, however, the introductions of two new series, 13 – 17 , and 23 – 28 , were actually most probably inventions of the Noldor of Eregion, since they were used for the representation of sounds not found in Sindarin. In the rearrangement of the Angerthas the following principles are observable (evidently inspired by the F¨eanorian system): (1) adding a stroke to a brance added a ‘voice’; (2) reversing the certh indicated opening to a ‘spirant’; (3) placing the branch on both sides of the stem added voice and nasality. -
Download Anor 42
Anor Issue 42, Michaelmas 2013 2 ]6h7 8.Öj]2 h 2]l7h6 Editor’s Note Mae govannen, mellyn nín! Welcome, my friends, to Issue 42 of the Cambridge Tolkien Society’s Anor! Many thanks to Heather Douglas for the front cover artwork and to our contributors who have provided us with a range of articles for you to enjoy! In the second instalment of his scholarly saga entitled Dwarven Economy and Society, James Baillie provides a comprehensive overview and enlightening discussion of Dwarf demographics and economy from the earliest days of their race right up to the War of the Ring and slightly beyond. James also presents two songs to add to our as yet non- existent songbook. As well as lyrical stylings, we also have the logical stylings of Hannah Strachan, who submits several rock-solid, utterly water-tight arguments for why Radagast is, in fact, Sauron! Jack Fleming discusses the nature of heroism in Tolkien’s Legendarium, inspired by the CTS’ meeting on this topic. Jack offers an argument for the significance of Saruman of Many Colours that goes far beyond him serving as a warning of the dangers of mixing colours in one’s laundry. Samuel Cook helps to bring some clarity to the chronology of the First Age for all those who are unsure who’s doing what where and when. Samuel also gives us a new Pentagon-style jargon, which has the potential to turn every noun into an impenetrable description of Entish proportions. And speaking of Ents, I present some speculations regarding the nature of the Entish mind based on the form and structure of Entish speech and the Entish language. -
Treasures of Middle Earth
T M TREASURES OF MIDDLE-EARTH CONTENTS FOREWORD 5.0 CREATORS..............................................................................105 5.1 Eru and the Ainur.............................................................. 105 PART ONE 5.11 The Valar.....................................................................105 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 2 5.12 The Maiar....................................................................106 2.0 USING TREASURES OF MIDDLE EARTH............................ 2 5.13 The Istari .....................................................................106 5.2 The Free Peoples ...............................................................107 3.0 GUIDELINES................................................................................ 3 5.21 Dwarves ...................................................................... 107 3.1 Abbreviations........................................................................ 3 5.22 Elves ............................................................................ 109 3.2 Definitions.............................................................................. 3 5.23 Ents .............................................................................. 111 3.3 Converting Statistics ............................................................ 4 5.24 Hobbits........................................................................ 111 3.31 Converting Hits and Bonuses...................................... 4 5.25 -
Fire and Ice: the Traditional Heroine in <I>The Silmarillion</I>
Volume 18 Number 1 Article 7 Fall 10-15-1991 Fire and Ice: The Traditional Heroine in The Silmarillion Sarah Beach Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Beach, Sarah (1991) "Fire and Ice: The Traditional Heroine in The Silmarillion," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 18 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol18/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Defines the Light and Dark heroine, each of which may have a positive or negative aspect. Sees Finduilas and Nienor Níniel as negative, non-active, acted upon; Lúthien and Idril participate “in the course of their heroes’ actions.” Additional Keywords Fair and dark ladies; Heroines; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Finduilas; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Idril; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Lúthien Tinúviel; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Niënor/Níniel; Tolkien, J.R.R. -
Tolkien Encyclopedia
Tolkien Encyclopedia The Accursed • Called: The Hornburg, Glæmscrafu • Uldor (Rohirrim) Adanedhel Aglon • Túrin • Himlad Adorn Akallabêth the Downfallen • A river in the Enedwaith near the fortress of • Andor Freca. Ailinel Adrahil • A daughter of Meneldur and Almarian, the • (Númenórean) Ondoher’s Captain of the wife of Orchaldor, and mother of Soronto. Left Wing Ainairos Adûnaic • An Elf of Alqualondë who stirred up the • The language of the King’s Men in Andor. Valar against Melkor. Adurant The Ainu of Evil • A tributary of Gelion. • Melkor Aeglos Aiwendil • The spear of Gil-galad. • An Istari sent by Yavanna. • Called: Radagast Aegnor • Elvish son of Finarfin. Alatar • Called: Egnor • An Istari sent by Oromë. Aelin-uial Alcarin • The Twilight Meres • Atanatar II Aerandir Alcarinquë and Elemmírë • A mariner who sailed with Eärendil to • Stars Aman. Alcarondas Aerin • Pharazôn’s mighty ship. • A relative of Húrin. The wife of Brodda, an • Called: Castle of the Sea Easterling. The daughter of Indor. Aldamir The After-born • (Eldarin) A son of Eldacar and father of • Men Hyarmendacil II. A king of Gondor. The Aftercomers Aldarion • Men • Anardil Agarwaen Aldaron • Túrin • Oromë Aghan Adelard Took • A Drûg leech and friend of Barach. • A hobbit friend of Bilbo. Aglarond Aldor • A fortress watching the Gap of • (Rohirrim) A son of Brego and father of Calenardhon. Fréa. A king of the Rohirrim who drove out the Dunlendings. Tolkien Encyclopedia Algund Amon Gwareth • A member of the Guar-waith. • (Sindarin) A mountain in Tumladen. Almarian Amon Obel • The daughter of Vëantur, husband of • (Sindarin) A mountain in Brethil. Meneldur, and mother of Anardil, Ailinel, and Almiel. -
Glossopoeia a Contrastive Phonological Study Of
DEPARTAMENT DE FILOLOGIA ANGLESA I DE GERMANÍSTICA Glossopoeia A Contrastive Phonological Study of Sindarin and Klingon Treball de Fi de Grau Author: Mónica Malvárez Ocaña Supervisor: Hortènsia Curell Gotor Grau d’Estudis Anglesos June 2020 jyE qhE5 `B 7r$`B6E tiT16E lE5 Law pain i reviar mistar aen. Not all those who wander are lost. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Hortènsia Curell, not only for her help and support during these difficult months that I have been abroad, but also for giving me the opportunity and the freedom to explore other fascinating linguistic areas, such as glossopoeia. I would also like to thank my friends and family for always pushing me to go one step further and to think outside the box. I discovered the universe of Middle-Earth during my childhood, and for that reason, it will always have a special place in my heart. Before going to bed, my father used to read The Hobbit to me. I remember being mesmerized by the story and the characters, and even now, as an adult, I am still mesmerized by what J.R.R. Tolkien created. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 2 2. Constructed Languages ............................................................................................... 3 2.1. Classification of Conlangs ................................................................................ 3 2.1.1. Historical Classification .................................................................... -
Written By: the Dwarrow Scholar
Written by: The Dwarrow Scholar - www.dwarrowscholar.com Sources: J.R.R Tolkien, Turbine and ICE MERP – all rights to their proper owners Title: Annals of the Dwarves (PV1/E26) – Art work by Linda Nordberg Written by: The Dwarrow Scholar - www.dwarrowscholar.com Sources: J.R.R Tolkien, Turbine and ICE MERP – all rights to their proper owners Title: Annals of the Dwarves (PV1/E26) – Art work by Linda Nordberg Acknowledgements: A great many works have been used for the composition of this fan-fiction based on the works of J.R.R Tolkien. It is formed as a selection and interpretation of the professor's writings on the dwarves and other dwarvish stories that have either used or have been inspired by Tolkien’s works. All rights to their proper owners. The Annals of the Dwarves tells the history of the Dwarves of Middle-Earth from a dwarven perspective, as interpreted by myself, The Dwarrow Scholar. This project has been a work of many years in which many helped by giving advice, support and encouragement. I would like to thank the following for their contributions. • to Linda Nordberg for her amazing and wonderful art work • to Barry and Karen for their friendship, corrections, suggestions and support. • to my Patrons for their belief in me and their support • to my wife for her encouragement, help, patience and good advice throughout the project. • to my friend, the late Kristof Maes, for inspiring me • to Duinn, Maldurin, Sigurmar, Hanfur and Nibun for their stories, suggestions, ideas, advice and corrections. Written by: The Dwarrow Scholar - www.dwarrowscholar.com Sources: J.R.R Tolkien, Turbine and ICE MERP – all rights to their proper owners Title: Annals of the Dwarves (PV1/E26) – Art work by Linda Nordberg Notes on Dwarvish and ownership of material: This document contains names and place names in Dwarvish (either Khuzdul or Neo-Khuzdul). -
A Structural Analysis of J.R.R. Tolkien's Textural Composition
A Structural Analysis of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Textural Composition Centering on The Silmarillion 文学研究科英文学専攻博士後期課程在学 松 本 裕 子 Yuko Matsumoto 1: Introduction/2: Methods/3: Textural Analysis/ 4: Compound Text/5: Conclusion Chapter 1: Introduction The purpose of this present thesis is to analyze the textural composition of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’s The Silmarillion: The Silmarillion as a single published work separate from The Lord of the Rings (LOTR). Certainly, the former is very closely connected with the latter, especially, its last part, OF THE RINGS OF POWER AND THE THIRD AGE; the latter can be said to be a natural extension of the former in this sense. On the other hand, however, Quenta Silmarillion is formally supposed to be a single piece of work,1 though it is the essential part of The Silmarillion as a book. In brief there are two kinds of The Silmarillion, or more correctly, two levels of The Silmarillion: The Silmarillion in a broad sense and The (Quenta) Silmarillion in a narrow sense. This thesis treats The Silmarillion in the broad sense. Here we must not miss the following points. The work involved is based upon a vast corpus of materials put together under the title of The History of Middle-Earth: from which another book, Unfinished Tales, was published by Christopher Tolkien, his son, after Tolkien’s death. So it cannot be regarded as Tolkien’s edited work. Christopher Tolkien made a comment on that issue in the introduction of Unfinished Tales;2 1 The Silmarillion is made up of five parts of the tales: AINULINDALЁ, VALAQUENTA, Quenta Silmarillion, AKALLABÊTH, and OF THE RINGS OF POWER AND THE THIRD AGE. -
Tal-Elmar and the Drughu Tongue
Tal-Elmar and the Drughu tongue Roman Rausch Nov. 4th 2005 A fair voice he had, which even made the rough tongue of his people more sweet to hear. PM:423 Contents 1 People 1 2 Places 2 Introduction The unfinished story of Tal-Elmar (PM:422-438), written c. 1955, grants us some brief glimpses into the language of a Mannish tribe in the Second Age. These half-savage Wild Men lived either at the mouths of the Isen or of the Morthond (what would later be southern Gondor) – Tolkien was not sure about the location. According to the descriptions of their mode of life and appearance they must be Drúedain and their possible living location at the mouths of Isen would be part of Drúwaith Iaur. With only a few translations given, hardly a word of their language can be interpreted at all, but nevertheless I will try to make the best of it. 1 People At first, some personal names are given: ’Tal-argan Longbeard’ (PM:437) – it is not clear whether ’Longbeard’ is a translation of Tal-argan or an additional surname. This has been changed to Hazad ’Longbeard’ (PM:423), which could be related to the stem *HAZ’D-, occurring in Adunaic with derivatives hazad, hazid ’seven’ (SD:247) and Khuzdul Khazâd ’Dwarves’ – there were originally Seven Fathers of the Dwarves in the beginning. We get to know that Hazad took great pride in his five-feet long beard – perhaps a result of an influence by Dwarvish culture and language? Has Hazad perhaps even the meaning ’dwarf/dwarf-like’? Another name is Tal-Buldar, changed to Buldar only (PM:437).