Mangos and their bioactive components: Adding variety to the fruit plate of health. Britt M. Burton-Freeman* 1, 2, Amandeep K. Sandhu1, Indika Edirisinghe1 1Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL, USA 2Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA RUNNING TITLE: Mangos, Bioactive components and Health *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Britt M. Burton-Freeman, PhD, MS Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Room 339/338, Bldg. 91, Moffett Campus, 6502 South Archer Rd., Bedford Park, IL 60501-1957 Email:
[email protected] Fax: 708-341-7078 1 Abstract Diet is an essential factor affecting the risk for the development and progression of modern day chronic diseases, particularly those with pathophysiological roots in inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage. The potential impact of certain foods and their bioactive compounds to reverse or prevent destructive dysregulated processes leading to disease has attracted intense research attention. The mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) is a tropical fruit with distinctive nutritional and phytochemical composition. Notably, the mango contains several essential water- and lipid- soluble micronutrients along with the distinguishing phytochemicals gallotannins and mangiferin. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal various mechanisms through which mangos or their associated compounds reduce risk or reverse metabolic- and inflammation- associated diseases. Health benefits of isolated individual mango compounds and extracts from mango by-products are well described in the literature with less attention on the whole fruit. Here, we review and summarize the available literature assessing the health promoting potential of mango flesh, the edible portion contributing to the fruit plate of the diet, focusing specifically on modern day health issues of obesity and the risk factors and diseases it precipitates, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.