SPECIAL REPORT

O O O O O

MARKET FOR AMERICAN HORSES

F O RE I GN C O UN TRI ES .

WA S H I N G T O N

N T N E G O VE R N M E N T P R I I G O FFIC .

1 8 9 8 . To the C ongress of the United S tates I transmit herewith for the informat ion and use of the Cong ress a ca S a c is ae communi tion from the ecret ry of Agriculture , whi h com panie d by a report on the market for American horses in foreign countries . W A M M C K N E Y ILLI I L . E E T VE M N N 1 1898 C S O mber . X U I A I , D ece 4 , L E T T E R O F T R A S M I T T A L N .

. S . D E P T M E N T O F G R C T R E U AR A I UL U , O C E O F T H E S E C R E T R Y FFI A , 12 18 9 Washin ton D . D ecember 8 } g , , P R E S E N T Mr . ID

I have the h onor to transmit for your information and that of the Congress of the United States a report consisting of a number of communications on the subject of the d emand for American horses a in cert in countries of Europe . At the time of assuming office as S ecretary of Agriculture I was already much impressed with the necessity of an output abro ad for d our surplus horse pro uction . For some time previous ext raordi naril h ad a d and y low prices prev ile for horses in this country , horse breeders and horse raisers throughout the country were correspond in l d d g y epresse . It is quite possible that in this apparent cause for d a a was a d iscour gement there re lly blessing in isguise , for it is prob ably d u e to these extremely low prices that the first impetus to t h e . d d w a a a d ue . a a foreign em n for Americ n horses s Wh tever the c use , the figures which I have the honor to submit at the close of this com m u nicat ion a ad a a d will show th t the export tr e in Americ n horses , h r ly

a om a a o h as ad a d a d d . more th n begun s e five ye rs g , v nce with r pi stri es was a d d My first thought th t to evelop this opening , which presente

so u r d a d a was a itself opportunely to o much iscour ge horse r isers , d a d and was d a uty which this Dep rtment owe to them , I convince th t the most useful service it could render them was to gather from all available sources whatever information could be procured as to t h e character and extent of the d emand existing abroad for horses of all n d w a a u n rofit kinds . Without such k owle ge it as obvious th t m ny p a d ad and a a s ble shipments woul be m e , not only c use loss to the hip and d a a d a pers consequent iscour gement , but , by pl cing un esir ble a a d a a a a a d o nim ls , un esir ble t le st from the Europe n st n point , in f reign a d a a a d a d m rkets , iss tisf ction mong foreign buyers woul be gener te nd d l a O pinions unfavorable to the American horses woul resu t , thus d ad perhaps seriously retar ing t h e development of this export tr e , if did it not altogether arrest it . Actuate d by this thought I end eavored to interest our represent atives abroad and American citizens going abroad in the gathering of 3 4 E T T E R O F T R AN M T L S I T A L .

a as - inform tion to the extent of the d emand in horse importing c ountries , and as a d and to the v rious kin s of horses wanted in thos e countries , the distinguishing c haracteristics to which foreign buye rs attach

a . a e a a a a import nce As r sult , l rge numbe r of c ommunic tions h ve d at a c e and been receive this Dep rtment from a variety of sour s , I

a a c d d a wa h ve , fter some reflection , con lu e th t the best y to present this inform ation to the public is to submit all thes e co mm unica a a a tions , in the form of speci l report to you , for tr nsmission to Congress with the recommend ation that that honorable body should d a or er the s me printed for distribution to their constituents . As a ad a su m convenience to the re er of this report , I present here a a d a c d m ry of the inform tion collecte by these v rious orrespon ents , but as each one pursued his own investigations ind epend ently and d a as was a a e a c a presente such f cts he ble to g ther , oft n c omp nying a a n a them with st teme t of his impressions on the subject , I h ve d d a c a a eeme it best to present e ch ommunic tion in full , elimin ting nothing save in the case of a few correspond ents who added other a m tter not strictly pertinent to the subject of this report , viz , the i d emand for American horses in European countries . Follow ng the a a ad d summ ry lre y referre to , I present some tables showing the num ber and value of horses exported from this country to Europe d u r

r ffi ing the p ast five years . These figures a e amply su cient to satisfy d a a d a d everyone who stu ies them th t em n exists in Europe , which d afi o rd a a shoul not only encouragement to Americ n horse r isers , but should convinc e them th at it is well worth their while to study cl osely the character of this demand in ord er that they m ay be prepared to can a a meet it . I not reiter te too strongly my conviction th t in this , as i n all a ad d a the other br nches of our export tr e , the nee s , the t stes , and even the fancies of the foreign consumers must be carefully d d and ff d b e ad a d stu ie , every e ort shoul m e by Americ n pro ucers to d a can a d meet them . There is little oubt th t we raise s goo horses and a as a as an a r ise them che ply in this country in y Europe n country , and far more cheaply than in those countries that are obliged to import horses to satisfy their own requirements . a Another point d eserves attention . It is of p ar mount importance that n o diseased animals should by any chance be land ed in foreign d l aw a ports from these shores . Un er the present the uthority to inspect d a and horses for export is veste in this Dep rtment , the Chief of the

‘ Bureau of Animal Industry h as already taken the necessary steps to N o t establish a proper system of inspection . only is this precaution d ue to the foreign buyers who seek to enlarge their trade relations with h d u s is a d u e a . a , but it lso to our reput tion In t ese ys , moreover , when prod ucers in m any countries seem anim ated by a determination to obstruct by every means available to them the imports into their own ca d an a e ce country of Ameri n pro ucts , it becomes bsolute n ssity for us , E T T E R F T RA M T T A L O N S I L . 5 if we are to successfully develop an export trade for any of our pro d a d a a d ucts , to be prep re to gu r ntee their wholesomeness , soun ness , nd d a perfect free om from every sort of contagion .

S d e d a d a a r houl Congr ss conclu e , in ccor nce with my e rnest e com me nd at ion a d a , to publish this report for gener l istribution , I h ve the honor to request that not less than copies be placed at the disposal of the Secretary of Agriculture for d istribution through this

Department . a t h e a I h ve honor to rem in , respectfully , ! M E S W S O N A IL ,

r S ecreta y.

O N T E T S C N .

Résumé of individual re port s I nt roduct ory T h e army horse H orse s for bu sine ss purpose s Import at ion of horse s int o Germ any N umber and valu e of horse s export e d from t he Unit e d S t at e s R eport s an d ext ract s from report s relat ing t o t h e u se of American horse s in foreign count rie s ’ Gre at Brit ain s pu rchase s of cavalry horse s in Argent ina American horse s in Belgiu m R eport of American milit ary at t ach e C a a e e et c rri g hors s , H ac n e c ac o e et c k ys , o h h rs s , S addle horse s H unt ers and j umpers Draft horse s R e qu irement s for German army horse s A st at ement of e xperience and observat ion in shipping horse s t o G er many H orse s in France E nc ou ragement s for improving t h e race and for bree ding H orse s and t heir u se s American horse s S u mmary of a communicat ion regarding American horse s u sed by t h e a e o e c a e a a ce l rg h rs omp ni s in P ris , Fr n American horse t rade of Great Brit ain E ff ect of a se a voyage E nglish opinions H orse t rade wit h Great Brit ain American horse s in Denmark T h e demand for and kind of horse s su it ed for E u ropean u se s and t h e pre sent st at u s of t h e horse t rade in different count rie s I n t h e Unit ed K ingdom In France I n Belgium I n Ge rmany I n Ru ssia and I t aly S ummary E xport of horse s from t h e C hicago market d Y . an c t e o t e a d n t h e ex t of e o Bu fi al o N . R p r r g r i g por hors s fr m , , vi ini y De script ion of horse s S ou rce s of su pply of t h e different classe s Y N u e o e ex o t ed o u fa N . mb r of h rs s p r fr m B f lo , Price s paid by foreign bu yers E xpen se o f shippin g Lo sse s by de at h Lo ss in we ight R emarks I L L U T A T I S S R O N .

— 6 h n d a . C o o a e at e I . T a o e o t e t e S t t e Pl r m h rs fr m U i s l r , brown ; g ,

ea h e t 1 51 and t 79 n c e e a u e ent u nde y rs ; igh , } h s ; gir h , i h s ; m s r m r nee 8 nc e e ht ou nd k , g i h s ; w ig , p s

' — T h n d t . n Vie F i . 1 . a o e o t e t e S at e t Plat e I I . g r m h rs fr m U i s Fro w ; i 2 T a h n e d a ea e o e o t e t S t t e . F g . . r m h rs fr m U i s R r vi w — n l d 1 4 h nd I I I F i . 1 ac o t n an e 6 e a o 6 a at e . . t t Pl g Bl k r i g v r y rs , } s high ,

78 n c e a un d t h and 71 nc e a u nd l e u t e o i h s ro gir , } i h s ro g j s b l w d 2. e no a e oo e 6 e a t h e e e F i . o t t kn ; g Army h rs , v ry g yp , y rs ol d and 73 nc e a und t and 8 c e , h s high , i h s ro gir h , } in h s aroun d l eg j u st b elow t h e knee — 1 H an h 4 a ol d d o t on o d a I V F i . . e a v o e e e o Pl t e g vy rs , y rs ; shipp fr m B s ; s l for 50 u nea e t 16 and t 98 n ch e l e u t g i s ; h igh , t h s ; gir h , i s ; g j s 1 n F i 2 H an a l d e o ne e 0 c e . . e a v e 6 e o b l w k , i h s ; g vy hors , y rs ; e d ro m o t on o d for 60 u nea e t a d shipp f B s ; s l g i s ; h igh , h n s ; t 99 c e l e u t e ow t h e nee n c e gir h, in h s ; g j s b l k , i h s at e V C a a e o e h e d o t h e t ed St at e 7 e a ol d 90 Pl rri g h rs s s ipp fr m Uni s ; y rs , nc e t h and 9 nc e a ou nd t h e l e u t e o t h e ne e i h s gir , i h s r g j s b l w k ; have ple nt y of kne e act ion and are well bre d ; sold at au ct ion f for 45 u e a a ece are ned W. u ce ! o n o o g in s pi ; ow by Br h s n , C d and d en t a de and as a t ea t o t h e o e ory on , riv n m m p l

at e VL —Da - b a e d n 7 ea ol d e d o o t n a s 17 Pl rk y g l i g , y rs ; shipp fr m B s o , M s ; and 84 c e a u nd t h e t and 12 nc e a u d h s high , in h s ro gir h , i h s ro n h l e u o h e n e e o d d t e g j st bel w t k ; s l by Me ssrs . Prit char 85 for 65 u nea Moore Bros . g i s SPECIAL REPORT ON THE MARKET FOR AMERICAN HORSES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

RESU M E or IN DIVI DUAL R E P ORTS

N I T R ODUC T O R Y .

The American export trade in horses h as mad e great strides with in d l d a t a . a a the p s five ye rs In f ct , its beginnings were l i on y uring the

Chicago Inte rnational Exposition of 1893 . During the next year there we re only five foreign buyers on the Chicago market and only — horses exported from that city twic e as many as h ad been sent — in an experimental way t h e previous year while in 1 897 there were

and - u d seventy foreign buyers , three fo rths of the horses exporte to Europe went d irectly from that market a a a and a The Europe n n tions , with the exception of Hung ry Russi , d o d as a as d and a a a not pro uce m ny horses they nee , of l te ye rs h ve d a a a a a a da and d r wn l rgely upon Americ , p rticul rly C na the Unite d S a . t tes , to supply the eficiency This condition of affairs is du e largely to the thickly populated a a O a d st te of the countries , which lso per tes to prevent the pro uction of f a and d a a a a su ficient cere l other foo stuffs , cre ting m rket for m ny of our agric ultural products ; but p artly to the large number of horses which are required by their armies and for the better part of their

r lives a e entirely removed from prod uctive work . Much that h as been published regarding the kind of horse need ed for the export trad e would lead one to believe that European horses

r d ff d d a a e entirely i erent from those raise on t his si e of the Atl ntic ,

nd a ar d a d a d a : a th t they e bre ccor ing to efinite formul Just so long , so and so a a a at so a d high , thick , b l ncing the sc les just m ny poun s an ideal h orse that America never h as grown and never can produce . a a a as d as a The truth is , Americ n horse r isers h ve just goo stock th t — d d d d f and of their fellow bree ers on the other si e , where goo , in i ferent , e d a a and d are d d inf rior horses of r ft , co ch , other bree s pro uce the same as in this country . But when horses are selected for Shipment miles by rail an d se a a d a a c d d a , re son ict tes hoice of those in ivi u ls , the best of their d c a d a ffi a a kin , whi h will comm n price su cient to p y purch se money , d a d a an . transportation expenses , profit Besi es , Europe n countries doubtless produce a - su fficie nt ly large number of inferior h orses for 9 10 E N FO R IG M AR KE T S F OR AM E R IC AN HOR SE S .

own and as are their use , the d emand is only for such animals the

a . a a an best of their cl ss There ppe rs , however , to be exception to a a d 1 896 a this in the c se of Denm rk , which importe , in , somewh t over a and a d a d at 80 ad horses , mostly from Russi Finl n , v lue $ per he , and d d exporte nearly valued at $1 72 per hea . That the larger part of the horses off ered for sale in the principal

horse market of the United States are not to be r ated as first - class is * shown in a report of a Government inspector at the Chicago stock a d y r s , who writes

T e e e e o d t a et 1896 e 80 er c ent of c h r w r s l from his m rk in hors s , p whi h I find e e ence t o t h e da a e e et e e u and c n e ea , by r f r ily s l sh s , w r pl gs ommo hors s , l v in u d u e a ut de a e e 60 er cent t e e e g in ro n n mb rs bo sir bl hors s , p of h s b ing u c a d n u Du h fi ix h e e e t ea 1897 p r h se by foreig b yers . ring t e rst s mont hs of t pr s n y r ( ) a e een o d and e t an 25 er c ent are t h e c a ificat n I h a e h v b s l , l ss h p of l ss io v e ou ent ned as e a a a e e x t at on and act ca all pr vi sly m io b ing v il bl for por i , pr i lly of t e e a e e en u c a e d T h ex e of u ne at e e t h s h v b p r h s for t hat purpose . e t nt b si ss pr s n e d e and it s u ce t t nc e a e t e d o t h e nu e b ing on , s s p ibili y of i r s , is limi nly by mb r of

‘ de a e e a c a a n d u n and e e a sir bl hors s t h t n b e O bt i e . C o t ry bu yers shipp rs r port ca c de a e a a h d s r it y of sir bl nim ls of t e t yp e ment ione .

Wa d h al l d as a d Europe nts goo orses of bree s , just Americ oes , but

d r are a e a . a d there some con itions which not the s me Therefore , goo horse which would be just the thing for the purpose of the buyer in America might be unsuited to the work of the prospective European purchaser ; and the reverse is also equally true . As the foreign ! ” d a d ad a off a a a em n is the life of the tr e , t king the m rket l rge num and a a a a as ber of horses thus incre sing the v lue of those th t rem in , shown by the large increase in the price of horses since this outlet wa a d d d d a s cre te , it is goo policy for horse bree ers to stu y the t ste an d d esires of this large number of purchasers and end eavor to i produce as many horses as possible that comply w th these d emands .

H E M Y H E T A R OR S .

d a d an d a a a and Besi es the usu l em d for horses for r ft , c rri ge , other and business purposes of civil life , common to this country Europe , in the latter there is a considerable annual requirement for horses to remount the cavalry an d haul the artillery and baggage trains of their large armies . While written d escriptions of the horses required for the United States Army and those of the European armies are practically the a a a d a a a s me , nevertheless the nim ls themselves iffer m teri lly in m ny a a d d d and d a important particul rs , ccor ing to the ifferent nee s i e s of are a i a a the countries . Our horses weight c rriers , w th l rge b rrels to stand hard work and to become hustlers when forage gives out . The a a a a European horses receive more c reful tre tment , h ve much sm ller m and are and a . a barrels , more lightly gr cefully built Ours y be the a d ca a more service ble , but if we esire to sell we must ter to the t ste

a d o . and id ea of the purchaser . It p ys to so

S e e d x . 87 . e App n i , p T H E A R M H R E 1 Y O S . 1

It must not b e suppose d that trans - Atlantic nations (certainly not France an d Germany) are looking to this or any other country to w a a a supply them ith rmy horses in time of pe ce ; on the contr ry , their is a and d d at so a policy to encour ge evelop horse bree ing home , th t there m ay be no need to look elsewhere even in time of war for the a h orse fie sh a a d a a necess ry to mount their c v lry , r w their rtillery , or N or d o move baggage trains . these Governments send agents over a here to buy horses for their rmies . The foreign buyers actually here are simply horse d ealers who buy what they believe they can dispose of N . law with profit to themselves evertheless , there is no , rule , or regu lation which interferes with the sale of American horses for military

an a . uses , in y Europe n country The general outline of method s of purchasing horses for the army a a an d a f is the s me in both Fr nce Germ ny , two of the largest users O f a . nd rmy horses A remount commission , consisting of o ficers a a a a a an d d d d veterin ri n , h ve full powers iscretion , limite only to the es i nat ed and a a e r ca it a g number of horses to the ver ge price p _ p to be d p ai . a d sit at a d and a and all These bo r s stipul te times pl ces , those having ff are a ffi horses to o er free to bring the s me for inspection . The o cers d d a ff a d i d a eci e wh t price they will o er for e ch in vi u l horse , subject to a a a a a and O can s tisf ctory report from the veterin ri n , the wner refuse a as and a a su m a d or ccept , he sees fit , on ccept nce the gree upon is paid in cash to the owner .

” are in There six of these remount commissions Germany , three of e a a a a an d th m buying in e stern Prussi most of the c v lry horses , the other three p aying more attention to draft animals for artillery an d a a a a b gg ge tr ins , purch sing something over horses annually in north Prussia . In France the number of h orses purchased m ay be slightly more or less than but definite information as to that d is not at han . a a a d d d a s The c v lry of those two n tions is ivi e into cl s es , which in r d a a e a . a e ch country very simil rly mounte For inst nce , in Germany the minimum height for light dragoons and hussars is 14 hands ; for ; h a d a and d 14 7 u l ns , r goons , hussars of the guar the minimum height is a d and a 1 5 d h n s , for cuir ssiers the minimum height is han s ; while in France the minimum hei ht for light cavalry is about 15 hands g 35, ; m d a and 15 a d and mini um height for r goons between % h n s , for a 1 5 nd 1 6 d cuir ssiers between % a han s . m 3 nd d 5 old d nd a a a . All these ust be over un er ye rs , soun gentle

‘ a 775 880 d d The first cl ss must weigh from to poun s ; the secon class , 880 d n d d d a a . to poun s , the thir cl ss , to poun s The } artillery and baggage - train horse is required to be about 1477 hand s i 900 d nd 1 5 a d high in Germany , we ghing to poun s , a % h n s high in 990 d a c . Fr n e , weighing to poun s Horses to be accepted in the army service must of course be per fe ct l d an d not O f d d y soun vicious , soli ark colors , without prominent 12 O R E G N M E F I A R K T S F O R A M E R IC A N HOR S E S .

- - a . d t a m rks A well bre , low , short , thick se horse , with strong fl nks , d a and a d d so as goo high t il , buttocks full squ re , ribs roun e out to ! ” - a d O f e and d furnish well , well sh pe legs with plenty bon , goo feet , a d d a are is bout the thing esire . Most of the German cav lry horses

a a e d an d bought in e stern Prussi , where hors bree ing flourishes , the d a d a d bree is gener lly known as Trakehnen . This bre e origin te from na a d tive m res crosse with Russian horses . In the course of this

and a a - fi e a c century , especi lly for the p st twenty v ye rs , top rossing d a h as a d and a with English thoroughbre st llions been pr ctice , the r ce h as d as d nd e d and been much improve both to spee a n urance , pro d uces excellent cavalry horses . a h as d a d a — a a S Fr nce trie m ny kin s of horses for her rmy Ar bi n , outh

' a and S a —b u m t a a Americ n , p nish t os of her remounts for light c v lry

n a are a S a come from souther Fr nce , where the horses cross from p n a a A a ish Ar bi n (probably barb) stallions upon the native stock . S large number of the stallions used in France in the season of

1 897 were t horoughbred s and over on e - third at least half English

d - a a a a a a thoroughbre , Anglo Ar bi n , or Ar bi n , there is no l ck of m te

a first - a a a a d a a ri l for cl ss horses for the he vy c v lry , r goons , cuir ssiers , and s a a etc . , to compete uccessfully in th t m rket none but the best d d horses nee be entere . a d o find w Doubtless , numbers of Americ n horses their ay into the and a a a d a French Germ n rmies , ofttimes perh ps un er the n me of a u a a d d English or Irish , their n t r liz tion being complete uring the few d ays elapsing between their trans - Atlantic journey and reembarking l for the trip across the channe . a 1 80 260 d a Prices v ry , $ to 8 being receive for suit ble horses in a a d d Fr nce , while in Germ ny the price epen s on the government to d 210 d a a . e . a which the horse is sol , 38 being p i in Prussi (i , the tot l price p aid for all horses purchased for the Prussian army divid ed by the number purchased must give a quotient not greater than 830 290 ma and a a a . rks) , $ in B v ri Denmark remounts her cavalry with horses principally d rawn from an d a d a a Germ any Engl n , but uses n tive horses entirely for rtillery nd a a a a a b gg ge tr ins , her purch ses , however , being trifling in number . In Belgium a few d ealers furnish the small number of horses d and a a are a d a d require , those for the c v lry usu lly recruite in Irel n and as as d d h as d (misfit hunters) , the business now con ucte prove profitable ( about $60 net profit on each horse) there is not likely to

d m d a - be m uch of a e an from them for Americ n grown stock . The

r d a - n artillery horses a e supplie from mong the home grow horses .

are a S ome American horses in the English rtillery service , but none a a a in the cavalry . It requires bout horses nnu lly to remount d 4 5 80 100 a a . an the English c v lry , etc , from to per cent ( to ) of these a a nd r are Canadian . The princip l f ult fou by the inspector of e mounts O f England with American - raised horses is with their shape H R E F R N E R E 13 O S S O BUSI SS PU POS S .

d a d d too long in the bo y , t il too low own on the bo y , the hips wider

a a and d . th n the buttocks , the b ck curving in , leg eficient in bone war f d ad The English o fice woul be gl to buy Short , low horses , thick

e t a d - a c a c and s , with strong fl nks , goo high set t il , mus ul r butto ks ” d d So as and - a d thighs , ribs well roun e out to furnish well , well Sh pe a d a a a a ace d legs , especi lly if they possesse r ther more st min th n is re i d a a a e d t e to the ver ge Americ n horse Shipp to the English market .

H R E F R B N E P O S S O US I S S UR P O S E S .

Of the horses exported from the United States in 1 897 about d a c a and were exporte to Belgium , to Fr n e , Germ ny , Hol d n d a a d a a . a l n , to Gre t Brit in It is evi ent from this th t the i d ad business s alrea y pretty well established in Great Britain . This tr e should be upheld and fostered while efforts are being mad e to gain entrance or establish a firm foothold in other countries . The most important and effective efforts to advance this trad e must be mad e

! by the horse breed ers of the United States by a systematic attempt to d as a d a d a a pro uce such horses those m rkets em n , for if the p rticul r kinds of horses d esired are not to be h ad no amount of energy or push on the part of d ealers can increase or even maintain the present

export figures . m a d d Of course , much y be one to improve the con ition of the horses a a d and a d a on rriv l in Europe , by securing improve proper ccommo d a a a and a tions on boar the ste mers c rrying the anim ls , the est blish ment of an inspection at the port of shipment similar to that employed i a so a aff d an d a a w th c ttle , th t no horse ecte with y ise se , cont gious or a a d d a otherwise , sh ll be llowe to ep rt from our shores to injure the

u are I n d a reputation of our stock . Abo t horses ily use in d a a d d a Lon on , their ver ge term of usefulness , epen ing upon the n ture O f a an their employment , being from three to seven ye rs ; thus on ’ a a a a are d verage of five ye rs service . new horses nnu lly require d d a d a a for the Lon on business worl . When it is rec lle th t only bout horses p ass through our largest horse market (Chicago) each ,

a d d a d a a . ye r , this Lon on em n is seen in its proportion te import nce Of d d an d a these horses use in Lon on , the still l rger number in a d im d d 1 896 a ad a and the rest of the isl n , were porte uring , C n

the United States furnishing of them . It t akes some time for the imported horse to recover from the e fi e ct s e a a e an d d d a of the s voy g , oubtless prices woul be higher if th t — time were allowed to elapse before the horses were put up for sale . d a a d There woul , however, be some expense tt che to it , the buyers con sid ering an add ition of £2 (about $10) to the price of the horse a fair

estimate of the expense required to get him in condition for work . a d u The Belgi n commissioner , who recently visite this co ntry to investigate the raising of horses in the principal centers of horse 14 R E G N M A R E E FO I K T S F O R AM E R IC A N H O R S S .

and breeding , to report on that ind ustry in its relation to commerce * h a : wit the Continent , s ys

T h e Ame rican horse undergoe s at his landing in Belgium [ or any ot her cou nt ry] t h e same disadvant age of acclimat ion which ou r Belgian horse me et s a i a t h e n t e d on rr v l in U i S t at e s . I t is scarce ly re asonable t o e xpe ct from an animal which h as j ust made a voy a e a sum O f c e x d f n T h at o e e n g work whi h is act e o a at ive horse . his is w s m p rso s have not u n derst ood wh o c omplain of a lack of vigor in t h e horse which t hey ou t t h d a nd f e e o e a o c t e x d at e c e . a b gh y b f r , whi h h y e pect imme i servi As soon s t h e anim M is recovere d we m ay expect from him if placed in t h e same conditions as an t e e t h e a e um n s e ce ot a e at e . y o h r hors , s m of s rvi , if gr r

d a a a ob m ast ers and In Lon on the tr mw ys , bus comp nies , j , owners O f li d a are a a c ght elivery w gons l rge purch sers of Ameri an horses . u se 16 a d Horses for their must be from to h n s high , weigh from d a and to poun s , be comp ctly built , with plenty of bone and d a an d a a 5 7 a a muscle goo ction , ver ge from to ye rs of ge . They

d m a 76 78 and 87 9 shoul e sure from to inches in girth , from }to % inches a d roun the leg just below the knee . S uch horses will sell from $1 70 185 and a 200 to $ , sometimes s high as $ . a a 5 8 a O ld 1 6 a d L rge bus horses for suburb n work , to ye rs , h n s d a 88 high , weighing to poun s , with girth of inches , bring 1 85 225 and a a as a 4 00 from $ to $ , exception l n tive horses sell high s $ .

_ ” a a d - The trotting v nner , synonym for useful light elivery wagon h 1 6 1 67 ha d 78 at and 7 a orse , to 5 n s , inches girth , % inches round the leg 125 1 50 just below the knee , sells for $ to $ . 1 a a 90 at and 9 a d C rri ge horses , inches girth 3; inches roun the leg just

d a - and d w l below the knee , with goo knee ction well bre , will , if e l d 750 a a . m tche , bring from $ to per p ir a d a d a d a a and d For he vy r ft horses the em n is lw ys brisk , Cly esd ale n d are d d d d - a S a . S 1 6 a d hire horses reporte most in em n oli , stocky , % h n ,

50 - d 5 7 a old 10 10 poun horses , free from blemish , to ye rs , t 0 % inches a d and 98 100 roun the leg below the knee , to inches girth bring from 250 75 $ to $3 . and ad s d o a Misfits , scrubs , b ly broken horse will not ; but young,

d d - and goo , soun , well broken horse , with plenty of bone muscle , com act l a an d a t p y built , of lmost y recognize cl ss or ype will sell well in d the Lon on market . T h e effect of the American trad e h as been to cheapen horses in a d and d a a a d Engl n , horse bree ing mong f rmers on the isl n is nearly d d . a a wa paralyze With horses rug upon our m rket , it s undoubtedly d at goo policy to sell our stock in Europe , even exceptionally low

at . prices . But the price home is looking up To come out O f the business with a profit it is necessary to get better pri ces abro ad than an d d o d formerly , to this only the proper kin of horse must be d offere .

* A m ri in n a o d c e au x e ca s : a o t e t . P ar I mport t i n e h v R pp r prés é M . Albert Von

e . ruxe e 1898. S chell B ll s , R E F O R N E R E 1 HO S S BUSI SS PU PO S S . 5

a a d and a a d a d d Germ ny , Holl n , Belgium , Fr nce e ch sen s to Engl n goo

! a a a a draft horses . Fr nce lso exports to Gre t Brit in a large number of h d d a a . e goo c rri ge horses It is with th orse bree ers of these countries , as well as of the United Kingdom that America is compelled t o compete . a a d a a and Belgium sells gre t number of r ft horses in Germ ny , the horse breed ers of Belgium are more concerned at the importation of American horses into Germany than about t h e few which find sale to a a d a d Belgi n buyers , lthough the nger to the purity of the bree from

a a a . . S d a these l tter is viewed with l rm Mr Von chelle , quote bove , says on this subject

! t o d a t e t h e i t at i e ica e u t t o b e at c e d As r f hors s , mpor on of Am r n hors s o gh w h in o d ect on —in t h e at t e e ed n for an t t at ou d o du ce ac t w ir i s m r of br i g , y hing h w l pr l k

n d n T e e o for t u d of t h e a e - u O f O f discrimi at ion in bree i g . h r is r om s y m k p import s d and exe and t o see if e can d a t a e are ou t e as t o kin s s s , Am ri r f m r s br gh h re in h I a e a e ad o n a sufficient numbers t o lower t e breed . h v lr y sh w t hat f rmers

d a d e e e nc e a e H u a . t o t h e d a t o e t h e a em n in pr f r m r s from ng ry As r f h rs s , f rm e t h e du ct o c c n t t ut e t h e t fl ou n an c of ou r hors , pro i n of whi h o s i s mos rishi g br h breeding and t h e export at ion of which h as been a source of profit s which su st ain ur a r cu t u e t at ind t a e a e all t h e oad t o e an and t h e n o g i l r , h k k s bov r G rm y , growi g import at ion O f American horse s in t hat count ry would easily effect t h e diminu

our e x t . T e e acc d n t o i at on t o b e ound a eat t ion of por s h r , or i g my nform i , is f gr f r d n a c e c a t a d nt o a a ce t o b e e a e d . a ger from omm r i l s n poi , f ll in pri is f r I n lowering t h e market valu e of ou r draft horse s by compet it ion of n at ive with o t e d an a t h e t at of e can e con t t u t e a e ace t o imp r im ls , impor ion Am ri hors s s i s m n n t h e bre e ding O f Belgia draft horse s .

S a In another place Mr . Von chelle rem rks

T h e in fi u e our ex t t o e an F a ce t h e a d Du c grow g g r s for _ por s G rm y , r n , Gr n hy , H o an d and S i t e a d c t a t u t dou t a ce t ain nu e e ca ll , w z rl n on in wi ho b r mb r of Am ri n

a d d at e b ut c are o a t u h e u . horse s l n e Anv rs , whi h nly p ssing hro g B lgi m

The single cab and private brougham horses are kept by the better class of stables for the u se of persons who are willing to pay more than the ordinary cab fares for a turn - out which h as every a a a a d appearance of being priv te c rri ge , or one owne by gentlemen

. a m for their own use . The horse to nswer these require ents must n d a and have more style a finish th n the bus horse . The more style wi ffi a and a action he possesses , th su cient qu lity size , the more ne rly a a d d a d a d a will h e ppro ch the esire st n r , until he p sses by insensible

- d a a a . sha es into the fine , high cl ss c rri ge horse d d a a a Color is not consi ere in lower cl ss horse , unless perh ps in the ad a a a a a case of a very b gr y , s purch sers of this cl ss usu lly go on the a a d as a as a a theory th t one color is s goo nother , but we ppro ch more a a a e are a d nearly the high c rri ge cl ss , ther sever l points to consi er , d n a of a an a f inclu i g th t color , which h ve import nt e fect on the price

- O f high class horses . It is only by the infusion of d raft blood that the size of our horses n d and is d a d a a ca be increase , while this esir ble there is nger th t it a a t h e Will also tend to make them too co rse . C re must be given to 1 6 FOR E IG N M AR KE T S F O R A M E R I C AN HOR SE S .

cce d production of size with a little smoother form . If we su e in this the horse will ad vance be yond the b u s - horse class until h e bec omes

- e is at t h e an excellent general purpose horse , of which ther present a d d time a gre at scarci t y . This horse in Engl n will be use by men of one e and moderate means who c an only afford to ke e p hors , therefore t h e ca and at a want o ne suit ab le fo r t h e brougham , rt , the s me time

t h s ad d e e d c a mod e rately we ll fit te d for e l , b si es being of su h gener l e d utility that h e can always be sold at a fair price . This hors woul e and is one c a also prove to b e a good c avalry hors , whi h Americ n breeders are to - d ay pre pare d to raise to be tter ad vantage than any nd e b e e e d and other . His le gs a fe t must w ll form free from blemish

e h is d e and d and and h e Should stand right on th m , shoul rs hips goo , a a a d e a d and 1 6 a d his back Short . S uch horse is lw ys in m n , if h n s

e a d ce e h as d a ac . high , s lls for goo pri , ven if he but or in ry tion He ” ll - d h and h is a d is a d is a good a roun orse , price in Engl n regul te ,

d a e h is a fi a . within re asonable boun s , lmost ntirely by qu li c tions n d at a c e ? T h e Infe rior horses ca be sol , but wh t pri horses of

Russia and Finland sell in London at an average of $80 per head . A a e victory in that competition would be a financi al d efeat . The v rage valu e of horses imported into Great Britain from t h e United S tates d in 1896 was only about $ 150 at port of Shipment . This must inclu e d a d d a c a d e e a many very or in ry in ivi u ls , whi h perh ps shoul n v r h ve a a a at a e d an left their n tive p stures , but rem ining home , h v one y are d and d a ad labor for which they suite , not by their intro uction bro d d c a have brought iscre it upon our truly superior sto k , whose qu lities a n a e c a e d and c a d h ve but to be know to be ppr i t , whi h lone shoul be O ffered in fore ign markets a a e a Most of the export tions h ve been light hors s , but the he vier is a e a and d a horse now receiving much ttention ; bus hors s , c rt r ft

are d and are d horses , being Shippe bringing goo prices in competition with the horses of the same class in the o ld and original home of the d c a bre e . This of ourse rouses opposition from the foreign breed ers

d a e e ca e of r ft hors s , who , when the imports from Am ri w re of a char a a a d c d ct er not c lcul te to ompete with their horses , viewe American ad add and a d prominence in the tr e in s le , light , f ncy riving horses

c a a e nd with mu h more equ nimity th n now , when their purs a prid e are both assailed by the entrance of the American - grown d raft horse e d d . m a e upon th ir hitherto un ispute territory Therefore , we y xpect

all d c e e r to meet with kin s of opposition on the ontin nt , wh re the a m of the Government will doubtless be invoked in aid of the horse

d . a m a a ff a bree ers Th t we y be met with higher t ri r tes , oppressive

a a at and a c e x e ri veterin ri n regul ions , perh ps omplete prohibition , p c ad u e en e le s s to xpect . The following e xtract from an article printed

a d e la S c é é c e d u a a ce 6 1 897 in the Journ l o i t Agri ol Br b nt , De mber , , and a d b t e d S a e R at B tr nsmitte y Uni t t s Consul oosevelt , russels , to

E 1 8 FO R E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N HOR S S .

- O ur d a t e are t o da O f e at a ue , t hose at t e nding t he regular sale s . r f hors s y gr v l n ur d e ou ace t h e o t an c ent t h e e t du e t o an in t elligent sel e ct io . O in ig n s r is m s i , b s

d d . t race d t h e t ype and charact erist ic s of which are most faithfu lly repro u ce A , o t e d t fe w farmers h ave bough t at Antwerp draft mare s sired by st allions imp r in o T h c a e on n t o e c e o n Bou ll onnais S e and C de da e ace . e Ameri , b l gi g P r h r , , hir , ly s l r s n d o e a t a o and t h e c mare s have t o ou r knowle dge be en pre se t e t B lgi n s lli ns , ross d a ind e ou t o t h e eat u of t h e e u t at ing t h u s O bt aine d h as been sol s ig n s , gr inj ry r p ion n a d pu rit y of ou r race . nd f aff a a fe c t n t he n e ou anc a Move d by this co it ion o irs , f i g o ly prosp r s br h of gri u u all h a oc e t e a n at ea t t h e u e t o of o e eed c lt re , t e Belgi n s i i s h vi g h r q s i n h rs br ing h u n d o h dan e and t he o t au t h o e d e an a e a e e d ave it e t combat t e g r, by m s riz m s h v gr T he F ederat ion N at ionale t o make t heir conclu sions unanimou sly predominat e . ’ de 1 E l evag e du C he val e n Belgique (N at io nal Associat ion for H orse Bre eding in ’ e u h ch t oo t h e t at e in t ca a t h e S oc t C e t a e d A ri B lgi m) , w i k ini i iv his mp ign , ié é n r l g n u u a S oc et t he S oc t N at ionale de s E leveu rs e e cult u re ( C e t ral Agric lt r l i y ) , ié é B lg s N a n e an e ede and t h e S c t o a e H u e a ( t io al S ociet y of B lgi Br rs) , o ié é R y l ippiq ( Roy l E qu e st rian S ociet y) have made applicat io n t o t h e minist er of agric ult ure t h at h e t ou t de a confide t o t he de e at e c o e n t h e oc e t e t h e O ffic a will , wi h l y , l g s h s by s i i s i l u d in h t ed S t at e and C a ada so as t o ac u e a u mission t o make a st y t e Uni s n , q ir f ll knowle dge as t o t he e quine populat ion in t h e t wo c ou nt rie s and t o make it t h e f A t t he ame t e t he e b e ade in e u and O bj ect o a det aile d re port . s im r will m B lgi m t e o e cou nt e —t at t o sa ce t e de an d as e as b eed o h r f r ign ri s h is y , in n rs of m , w ll in r — ing l ocalitie s invest igat ions t o make kno wn t h e sit u at ion and t o find ne w market s r ur u n n T u t he e e t b e a e t h e n f fo o e q i e produc tio . h s Gov rnm n will bl by spri g O 1898 t o t ake su ch measure s as t h e prot ect ion and int ere st s of bre eding m ay d ict at e .

' a e d a The following clipping from the H mburgisch r Correspon ent , a a d a a o f at a ou r Germ n p per , in ic tes line t ck upon horse similar to that made upon t h e other agricultural prod ucts of the Unite d States which come in competition with German agrari an productions

M P O R T T O N O F H O R S E S N T O G E R M N Y I A I I A .

L L F eb ru ar 1 898 . HA E , y 4 ,

- u c e c o c u c Dr. ende S t e e e t t h e P bli on my o n illor von M l inf ls , r por s import ation o e t o b e a e ou at t e and t at t h e u e u of h rs s s ri s m r , h n mb r bro ght from R u ssia is a u a e De a H o and a ce e u and nn lly whil from nm rk , ll , Fr n , B lgi m , ot her count rie s it is Bu t t h e o t da e u t at are e ca a u m s ng ro s impor ions from Am ri , in sm ch as t here t h e o t et e na a a em n a na x T e w rs v ri ry m n g e t im gi ble e ist s . h re is t herefore gre at risk O f o t n d e a e t u t h e ca t at on and i imp r i g is s hro gh is Am ri n impor i , t is with t h e great e st sat isfact ion t hat t he Government h as b een found ready t o t ake st ringent measu re s for limiting t his evil and h as given assurance t hat most e spe cial wat ch ful ca e b e e o a r will giv n t t his m t t e r . T o t n an a h as e ou e a no o his imp r i g of im ls s ri s m ning , t nly in t he direct ion of ce u o ou r a et b ut a o in t he dan e o f ad t t d e a e n pri s p n m rk s , ls g r mi ing is s s , a d it is of mo st pre ssing import ance that me asure s for t he regulat ion of t his t rade b e e st ab lish e d d a imme i t e ly . T o this end it will b e ne ce ssary t o ext end t he quarant ine at H amb urg t o four we eks .

That the American horse breeders have for years been importing h t e finest individual animals o f the best b re eds from the most pe rfect

a ac is a n d o f o ld Europe n r es cle rly prove by the stu books the country , H A R A T E R F A M E R A N H R E 1 C C O IC O S S . 9

where the phrase sold for export to America is of frequent recur d d dd d a an a a . rence , often with the n me resi ence of the purch ser e d d a a a d a d S hires , Cly es les , Belgi n Dr ft , Percheron , Ol enburgs , Clevel n ll d a and a . a a O f a B ys , H ckneys , etc , h ve figure in the list import tions ,

and the efforts of American breeders to produce fine pure - blood d a d horses of these bree s h ve been crowne with success , while the ” crossing of these stallions upon the large native mares h as pro d uce d a a ea a d number of l rge , h vy , showy horses , prob bly better suite to the needs of our farmers and teamsters than some of the pond erous

- d and less agile pure bloo s . ll d re a . There a , consequently, horses of bree s in this country A glance at the various studbooks will convince anyone of the excel d d d lence of the in ivi ual representations of each breed . Besi es these

re - a d a d - d and there a our own well known st n r bre trotting horses , that ! ” a d d as a a a v rie , non escript horse known the n tive stock , n me con e in n a a d a d a a and v y g no i form tion to the uniniti te , but pplie to l rge

- d a a well recognize cl ss of horses which ofttimes m ke excellent farm ,

- d a ad . light r ft , or ro horses add are d add and In ition to these the thoroughbre , the s le horse , the horse of the Western range . Hence there is no d ifficulty in breeding the kind of horses need ed a d d n ad and for our own v rie purposes or require by the foreig tr e , a d a d a d ffi a f as a this l tter em n is by no me ns i cult to s tis y, the purch ses d made by the foreign buyers uring the p ast five years prove . This trade does not require either an impossible or an id eal horse d all d d a d d d suite to purposes ; but it oes em n goo horses of every kin ,

thoroughly prepared for their Special work . A horse to bring a remu nerat i e h a d v price , either for ome or foreign service , must fill istinct d i d e . a h s a a ca place , i . , he must be goo one of kin , whether th t be v l r s a d a a a a a a a a y hor e , r ft horse , c rri ge horse , trotter , hunter , polo da d d are a d . a pony , or wh t kin soever The st n r by which goo horses

judged is practically the same on both continents . A good horse in America is a good horse in Europe provid ed he fills a distinct want in I n a a the business of the country . Europe horses pull c rts , c bs , omni d a a a . an a . buses , co ches , tr ms , plows , etc , c rry men on their b cks al l d d can s Thus they need horses of bree s , for no one bree po sibly l l u fill a of these req irements satisfactorily . far 30 4 0 a Europe is away . It costs from $ to $ fter the horse is pur a d in a B ufi alo or a a ch se Chic go , , elsewhere in the E stern h lf of the

d S a h c n d in- d a Unite t tes before e a be isposed of Lon on , Antwerp , P ris , a a a a a as a d or Hamburg . This ch rge is s gre t on che p on high price a d a d horse , hence , even if there were em n for them , the profit on

h d a . cheap orses woul be too sm ll to justify the risks Therefore , the d a ad a d and d a horses shippe bro , while of the s me bree use for the s me as d d ad are a purpose those sol for omestic tr e , on the whole better d lot O f in ividuals . a a d and e d Bec use of h r times consequ nt low prices , horses coul be 20 FO R E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC AN H O R S E S .

bought in this c ountry and shippe d to Europe for a s u m of money less th an the cost of produ ction in those countrie s ; and European prod uce rs of t h e kind of h o rse sv usually e xported not be ing able to as compe te have in many case s gone out of the business . However , e a and a u e e t h e d e mand for horses in this country incr ses v l s ris , com a a b e e e e d pe tition by h orse raisers in Europe will g in strong , hors br c at e aff e c d ing will again resume its sway in the ountries pres nt te , and u nless ways and me ans are d evise d to hold o u r vant age ground d this valuable addition to our agricultural e xports will ecline . d a a a and are At present the re is a scarcity of esir ble nim ls , prices an c e a t h e e a e rising . The susceptibility of in r se of pr sent v lue of xport business is therefore of vital importance to horse breeders of the d Unite S tates . ad c d a and ad The large r part of the export tr e onsists of r ft ro horses , t h e former weighing over pounds and be ing either pure blood or

a - e e d d d a S e a and t h e a h lf br Cly es le , Percheron , hir , or Belgi n ; l tter

d d - d mostly stan ar bre trotting stock , weighing from to d and a d a d c a a poun s , being ssigne ccor ing to their fitness to o ches , c bs ,

a a . tr ms , light w gons , etc d an an a d e a S oun ness , size , style , d ptitu for some speci l work is required of every horse that is expected to fe t ch more than the price N o d a a a a a d paid for plugs . longer oes the gl mor of gre t ncestr l pe i a d and d d a d a a d gree make a missh pe unsoun horse in em n s bree er . d a a a as a a The bloo of H mbletoni n , Wilkes , or M mbrino is v lu ble as a t d d a ever , h ving lost nothing of its prepo ency ; but the in ivi u l must ! ” have merit of its own other than sired by S o - and - S o to m ake him

acceptable to the public . An inference m ay be readily d rawn as to the character of horses d esired by each of the countries mentioned below — G reat B ritain N inety per cent of all horses shipped to this c oun

are d a a 7 c are - a a and 3 try r ft horses , bout per ent high cl ss co chers , e r nd p cent trotting a light carri age horses .

—N - fi ll G erm any . inety ve per cent of a the horses shipped to H am are d a d a d burg r ft horses weighing poun s or upw r , the other 5

c ad - c a ar a and per ent being m e up of high l ss c ri ge , running , trotting

e . a are d hors s Most of the l tter reshippe to Austria . — F rance About 85 per c ent of the horses e xported to this country are a ar d c r 1 5 wh t e terme ab b e s . The other per cent are about equally d d e d e d a nd ivi betw en r ft horses a trotters . l — 2 B e gium . About per cent of those sent to Antwerp are trotting

t 23 c - or ligh buggy horses , per ent street car horses weighing d and 75 d a poun s , per cent r ft horses weighing pounds and d upwar .

N M BE R A N D V E O F H O R S E S E P O R T E R O M T H E N T E T U ALU X D F U I D S A T E S .

T h e a e d b t h e S ct a following t bles , furnish y e ion of Foreign M rkets , t e d S a e a t e c e e Uni t tes D p r m nt of Agri ultur , giv not only the number E R T S O F A M E R A E XPO IC N HOR S S . 21

and value of horses exported to Europe but to all othe r countries — for the five years 1 893 1 897

N umb er of horses exp ort ed from t he U nit ed S t at es t o t he several foreign count ri es durin each scal ear rom 18 93 t o 189 in lu iv g fi y f 7 , c s e .

Ye ars e nde d June 30 A nnu al a ve rage C u nt rie s t o i e rt e . o wh ch xpo d 9 — 18 3 1897.

N u m r N u m e r N u m r N u m r N u m r N u m r P e . . e . e . e . e . er n b b b b b b ce t . U nit e K in m 564 5 834 7 825 d gdo , , C an 1 600 2 639 4 493 5 683 3 902 3 664 1 2 . 09 ada , , , , , , G e rm n 33 12 3 686 4 897 a y , , e l ium 300 1 134 4 213 1 145 6 59 B g , , , . Me xico 457 507 855 987 938

We st I ndie s

Bri t ish H ait i F re nch Port o R ico Sant o D omingo D u t ch Danish T ot al

C ent ral A m e rica G u at e mala Salvador C ost a R ica N icaragua H onduras T ot al

Value of horses exp or t ed from the U nit ed S t a t es t o t he several foreign count ries

durin each scal ar rom 1893 t o 189 i nclusive . g fi ye f 7 ,

Ye ars e nde d June 30 A nnual ave rage C ount ri e s t o whi ch e xport e d . — 1893 1897.

l l D ll r P r n D lla rs . D lla rs D la r D lla r D la rs . a s . e e t s . s . . o o . o o o o c

7 1 2 79 36 056 47 . 18 204 , 035 307, 3 5 952, 532 , , 5 , 7

9 492 9 478 74 530 502 21 . 50 28 , 480 , 078 710 , 727 6 3, 639 , 5 , 61 822 360 299 79 , 950 24 , 500 260 , 432 4 , 362 , 250 , 59 4 137 957 5. 45, 960 174 , 161 65 , 365 , 8 86 630 3 1 64 , 885 155, 804 61 , 242 62, 239 8 , 978 , . 5

40 , 136 E 22 FO R E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R ICAN HO R S S .

Valu e of ho rses exp ort ed from t he U nit ed S tat es t q t he sev—era l foreign count ri es d urin ea h s l ear r m 1898 t o 1897 i nclusi ve C t i u e d . g c fi ca y f o , on n

Ye ars e nde d J u ne 30 A nnu al ave rage C u nt rie s t o i e rt e . o wh ch xpo d 1893 - 1897 .

D lla r ll r D ll r D lla rs D lla rs . P n D a s . D lla rs . a s . . s . er e t o o o o o o c , 26 3 , 750 60 , 875 , 345 1 7 , 823 7 , 760 12, 637 5, 906 64 2 1 11 1 , 974 9 , 540 9 , 460 7 , 56 0 , 0 7 , 668 31 8 10 5, 315 , 7 25 200 8 1 , 000 15, 000 3 , 00 19 1 . 5 4 8 9 , 675 19, 220 5, 60 , 650 43

R E P ORTS A N D E XTRACTS F R OM R E P ORTS R E L ATIN G T O T H E U SE OF M E R C H R S S I F C U E S A I AN O E N ORE IGN O N TR I .

G R E A T B R I T A I N ’S P UR C H A S E S O P C A V A L R Y H O R S E S I N

A R G E N T I N A .

e t t e r r m n Wil ia * R o . n m ri n ini s r r m I . u n A e m t e t o A e nt in at e N e m e [L f o l B cha a , ca g a , d d ov b r 19,

Knowing t h e interest taken by the Department of Agriculture and our p e ople in general in all that affects the market abroad for our a a horses , I h ve t ken some trouble to gather together such informa

as a d a e tion possible with , reg r to the purch s s of Argentine horses ad d being m e here , for the secon time , by the British Government for its troops in Africa . All purchases of horses are made by commissions of office rs from ! ” t h e t d a e a Remoun ep rtm nt of the British rmy , which is a branch e ad a t a at d a of the h qu rters s ff Lon on , h ving sole c ontrol over t h e a d a purch ses of horses use by the British rmy throughout the world . The appointments of O fficers for this service are for the same period as aff —fi those for other st positions ve years . The he adquarters staff c - e a a a ffi d onsists of one inspector g ner l ( gener l o cer) , one eputy assist ant a . a a a a t wo gener l (of ny r nk) , three ssist nt inspectors (colonels) , aff a a a , one d d d e st c pt ins bout hun re men from the Woolwich pot , and a a and the s me from th t of Dublin , as many veterinary surgeons as are require d . The commission making purchases here consists of two offi cers who are ad d a vise by two veterin ry surgeons . They have this year pur chase d about the same number of horses as they did last They h ave bought three classes of horses

a a a : - d ( ) C v lry A well bre horse (I learn very difficult to ge t here) 15 a d 1 i 1 6 a d nd h n s nch to h n s high , a bred from thoroughbred sires and h a - e d lf br mare s .

(b) e : c a - e d a a and Artill ry A o rser br horse th n ( ) with more weight , bone and substance and less quality ; 1 5 hands 2 inches to 16 a d h n s high .

* By t h e court e of t h e H o no a e t h e S ec sy r bl ret ary o f St at e . A VA R R E R O M A R G E N T N A C L Y HO S S F I . 23

c 14 ad 1 1 5 a d h are a d ( ) Cobs From h n s inch to h n s t ese co rse bre ,

- a i a a d weight c rry ng nim ls for mounte infantry . a and b are d a a d d ( ) ( ) require to be t me enough to h n le , i . e . , to lea and to examine as to age and soundness ; (0 ) must all be ridden before they will be bought . N o horse s over 7 years O ld are purchased and but very fe w und er 4 l years o d . T h e prices paid by the commission this year are higher than th ose ” a d a a . a d ue a d p i l st ye r This is l rgely to the f ll in gol , but in s ome d d a e d d a a egree to the ecre sing numb r of goo esir ble nimals met with . a e c a l am d The l tter is spe i l y true , I tol , with regard to the quality of d cavalry horses esired . This year prices have be en for

a C a a o e _ 1 ( ) v lry h rs s $ 00 t o $250 . b o a a t e o e ( ) R y l r ill ry h rs s 100 t o 200. c C 0 t ( ) obs 7 o 80 .

I think an average charge of $10 (paper) per head can be ad ded to ! ” e a a these prices for fr ight from the est nci to this city .

S ome mules have bee n bought by the - commission this year at from 70 120 a ad r n $ to $ (p per) per he , but they a e of a inferior class ; indeed d e d o an goo mul s not seem to exist here in y numbers . are a N a a and All these horses shipped to C pe Colony, t l , Matabele a d in a d t h e l n ships ch rtere by British Government . It is impossible ad c n to give the freight per he , but it a be stated that it figures out more than $35 gold . n a d a 5 d The fitti gs on bo r ship cost bout $ gol per head . The time consumed on the journey between here and the Cape is about twenty three d ays . The men who take care of the horses during the voyage r d £4 d a e pai gol ) for the trip . It is claimed by the Offi cers of the commission that it is more advan t age ou s to charter a ship entire to carry the horses they purchase a a a a a n are th n to m ke contr ct freight r te , si ce they thus not only in a a a add ar position to t ke better c re of their stock , but in ition e able to carry alfalfa as cargo ; and as they have to import into Africa almost all the forage they use and can buy alfalfa here at $40 (paper) ’ d a d an d at d find per Argentine ton , poun s , b le ship s si e , they it profitable to charter outright steamers of large carrying capacity . In response to my inquiry as to the general sound ness of Argentine was d a a 70 horses , I tol by member of the commission th t fully per O f f d d a d cent the horses o fere them were soun , but th t they foun only - d 5 to 1 0 per cent of those offered suitable for their u se . The iseases

* h h u t ou d b e a ou 1 T e average price paid for t e larger number bo gh w l b t $ 90 . T e e ce are e t e a e ne T o edu ce t e t o t ed S t at e h s pri s in Arg n in p p r mo y . r h m Uni s currency first divide by an average gold rat e of and t hen mult iply t h e resu lt u enc by t h e valu e O f t h e Argent ine gold p e so in Unit ed S t at e s c rr y . As a re sult of t his c alculat ion t h e Argent ine paper dollar is found t o b e wort h a frac t ion over 37 cent s in gold . 24 FOR E IG N M AR KE T S F O R A M E R IC AN H OR SE S .

a a a and d found among the horses offered were c t r cts , ring Si e bones , was a d a and spavin ; many had defective feet . I lso tol , in reply to ’ a que stion I asked that , from my inform nt s point of view , the best animals we re prod uced he re by crossing t h e native stock with thor u h re d d and a u se a e a d a as a o g b bloo , th t the here of h vy r ft horse sire h ad not give n good results . Membe rs of t h e commission told me that they were each ye ar a a i oblige d to buy a large number O f horses for Afric lone , ow ng chie fly to t h e numb er of horses which d ie t h e re ye arly from what is ” ! a a a a e e a is d known as horse sic kne ss , form of m l ri l f v r th t epi emic

and d s d e e a o a there , not yet un er too by th ir v terin ry surge ns , lthough a d a 1 8 it h as been st ud ied carefully for seve ral ye ars . It is s i th t per ce nt of the horses used by the British forces in Africa d ie each year a a 2 die all from this d ise ase alone , where s not more th n per cent from other d iseases . S hould t h e marke d fall in gold or appreciation in the value O f the paper mone y of this c ountry that h as take n place here d uring the past ye ar be maintained or increased it will be le ss ad vantageous e c for the commission to buy horses here in the futur , sin e the net ! ” cost in pounds sterling incre ases with falling gold . In the event ! ” d e a a t h e low gol continues , th refore , Austr li will most likely be a point the commission will next select for the ir operations . In th t connection I venture to suggest that I belie ve from conversations h ad with members of the commission that it would be well for us to give ” d d a e especial attention to the nee s of the Remount ep rtm nt , to

‘ ad c as a a can which I have m e referen e , I believe c v lry horses be c and am h a advantageously bought in our ountry , I quite convinced t t d that class of horses is exceedingly limite he re .

M E R I N H E I N B A C A O R S S E L G I UM .

m t re r inist e r t h e U ni e t e s t o e um at e r et t e r r m H o n . ell t t i ussels [L f o B a y S o , M of d S a B lg , d d B , e t e m e r 20 1897 S p b , ]

S I R : a d d d Le rning of your esire to exten , if possible , the export tra e d S a as as a a of the Unite t tes in horses well in c ttle , especi lly your hope that the United States might s upply larger numbers of h orses for mili a c ad a a t ry servi e in Europe , I took v nt ge of the occasion of a visit to ad a Antwerp , m e for the purpose of ex mining the question of the a ca a d import tion of ttle , to see the st bles use for imported horses at that c ity . e e is d d and Th r no uty on horses importe into Belgium , therefore ! ” d d r d d no bon e stables a e nee e . ! a e a are a d a a The l rgest of th se st bles c lle the Americ n st bles , e t h e e a e a e a d wher hors s , ft r h ving been x mine on the d ock by Govern e e a a are and ment v t rin ri ns , brought kept either for private sale or

a e a . e e e a 4 00 all for s l by uction Ther w r bout horses , just land ed N e w at t h e nd from York , time of my visit , a I am told that they have e ce e d as as d S a r iv high horses from the Unite t tes in a year .

H R E 26 FO R E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N O S S .

I Ve we re able also to se e a large number O f horses just brough t a N ew from Ame rica for the market in P ris , the freight from York e via Antwe rp to Paris be ing less than that via Havre . Th se horses came from Indiana and seemed to be a good common grade of farm d e a x c d a a e all e d d . horse , pp r ntly s lecte for soun ness The ler e pe te to a e i sell ab out half of the m for Fre nch milit ry s rv ce , while the other w m a a d d cab e c at a . as i ossi h lf, he s i , woul go into the s rvi e P ris It p ble to obtain from him t h e information as to how much he paid for these horse s in America or as to what h e e xpected to get for them in

r r e a e a Paris ; but as pri ces a e athe r high r there th n in Antw rp , t king into c onsid eration the quality of these horses compare d with those I

d e d e an a a have me ntione abov , I suppose he woul exp ct on ver ge about francs .

A certain number of high - bred saddle hors e s for park riding and ’ r d was d o ffice s mounts were observe , but there risk of their fin ing no market . I am satisfied of two things a a ce a First . Th t there is little ch n for s le in Belgium for our finest and a d a a b d are a e and l rgest r ft horses , bec use the home re l rg r finer r a saw a looking . Among the g e t truck horses we were two p irs of e ca a a so a and Am ri ns , which , while fine nim ls , were much sm ller less showy than the enormous Flemish horses that it was evid ent the d d popular min woul not accept them as a substitute . d a a a all S econ . Th t the horses which will meet with s le in the a e d is v rious countri s supplie through the port of Antwerp , which the a - are a l rgest horse importing city on the Continent , the common , pl in ’ a m 5 7 a a e d d f r ers horses from to ye rs of g , without spee , but with goo and d a a d a d strength en ur nce , such s were sol in the Ohio V lley uring h e a e a 50 75 t a t . e d l st thr e or four ye rs from $ to $ Th se , I think , woul meet with a sale at from $150 to $200 at Antwerp if they were in d d goo con ition . I am informed that it h as always been and is now impossible to an a m a a sell y Americ n horses to the ilit ry est blishments in Belgium . The purchases for this purpose are S O much controlled by government routine methods that this avenue is practically closed to any inno vation in selection .

R E P O R T O F T H E A M E R C N M T R Y AT T H E I A ILI A A C .

R e rt o f ie ut . G . T . n rne milit r at t é t h e U nit e t t e s e t i n a r [ po L La gho , a y ach of d S a L ga o t B ussels, t e O t e r 20 18972 da d c ob , ]

S I R : fe w a o d S a A weeks g the Unite t tes minister , Hon . Bellamy S e d a a tor r , invite me to ccomp ny him to Antwerp in ord e r to examine with him into the question of the import ation of horses from the d S a as e as Unite t tes into Belgium , w ll to other countries of Europe , through the port of Antwerp . H e h as expressed a d esire to have me

c ou t e O f t h e no a e t h e S ec et a of r By r sy ho r bl r ry Wa . A M E R C A N H R S E I E I O S N B LG IUM . 27 — make a report on this subject such a report as might be of interest a to the Dep rtment of Agriculture . I therefore have the honor to submit to you in brief the ideas d an a a suggeste to me by ex min tion of the subject . There will probably be imported this year through Antwerp about

horses from America . A number O f these will come from

Canada . We saw about 200 horses that h ad just been brought from N ew a u n York , most of them h ving been bo ght in or ear Chicago . They l a l . d a a a a d were of sorts The r ft nim ls were f irly goo , but few of the so - called carriage horses h ad any pretense to good breed ing or to

. a a d style There were one or two fine nim ls , but the whole lot looke

‘ as t h e h ad d at a if y been picke up sm ll cost , with care taken only for d h ad d . o a soun ness They sto the voy ge remarkably well . Other lots wn a a a d d of horses were sho th t ppe re to much better a vantage . They a an d S a d a were going to Fr nce to witzerl n (some for milit ry service) , and were expected to bring higher prices there than those sent to

Belgium . We were taken to the stables of two of the cooperative companies se e d d d of workmen to there the best kin of raft horses use in Antwerp . a a a These were m gnificent nim ls , some of them weighing over d an d a d n 1 7 nd 1 8 d an poun s st n i g 5 a even han s high . M y of them d d A a d . s weighe over poun s rule they were of the Flemish bree , a althou gh there were number of American ones among them . These a a so a 1 6 a d and l tter , lthough not l rge (being , however , over h n s d a a d a a poun s) , ppe re more muscul r th n the former in propor h d d a d tion . A single one of these orses is expecte to r w poun s w d on the low trucks (four heels) u se in the streets of Antwerp . In importing horses to Europe care should first of al l be taken as d as a d a a d to soun ness , even Slight splint woul ruin the s le of goo a d d a animal . E ch horse importe to Belgium is inspecte by Govern

a a a a 2 a . ment veterin ri n , for which there is ch rge of 5 fr ncs Within the last few weeks this charge on horses billed to other countries h d d and merely p assing through Belgium as been iscontinue .

A R R A E H R E S E T C . C I G O S ,

d nd a a . are a an a C rri ge horses , etc , much sought fter , in Brussels the rest of the continent bring large prices when of the popular type .

S - u d - ad d and - are a hort co ple , high he e , high stepping horses wh t is

a d and a ad a a O f . w nte , not the f st ro sters seen in m ny p rts the country a T h e latter lift their feet high only when going fast . Here horses th t — — h a t are n . step high when going slow park orses , in f c the thi g

’

H A N E YS O H H O R S E S E T C . C K , C A C ,

d i a ac . a an a a a H ckneys , co h horses , cobs , etc , of gre t style ct on lw ys a and a ad find a good market . Sometimes in M rch April the f st ro A H R E 28 FO R E IG N M AR KE T S F O R A M E R IC N O S S .

as a ru st e rs can be sold to advantage for u se in the country, but le a they d o not bring the prices of the more showy park anim ls .

S A DDLE H O R S E S .

d u A gre at many of the se are in use . Every ri er in Belgium ses d nd d a and the English sad le a ri es with the English se t , therefore and their mounts must b e in ke e ping . The Irish English horses ,

e e d a ad and a a and a w ll br , with sm ll he s e rs , necks t pering e sily a c d a a d e and a r he , short , str ight b cks , long , Sloping Shoul rs , cle n legs d d ac are O f e a . e with high knee tion , the type most in m n Ev rything

nd . a are a t he is for style a showy action The g its the trot , the w lk ,

a and t h e a a d . c nter , g llop , in th t or er

A N D M P E R S H UN T E R S ! U .

Although there is no hunting to amount to anything in this coun a a an a u try , still high jumper will bring lmost y price on cco nt of the are a fact that in the spring there m ny contests with prizes for jumping . In the three classes above mentioned there is no limit to be put as as so d d d and a to the price , much epen s on the nee me ns of the seller nd a m an a a d a a ad a buyer . A we lthy w nting ri ing nim l will re ily

a a - h a hi give fr ncs or more for stylish , well built orse th t suits s d a . a a a and f ncy I h ve ske the prices of m ny horses here in Brussels ,

ll d - a have found them a high . A goo looking p ir of b ay carriage h 15 a d d a h d at a orses , 9; h n s , of goo ction , were el fr ncs

R A T H R E D F O S S .

These have the quickest sale . There is a good m arket for th em

- u d - d - a a . a d d lw ys The best type is the short co ple , short legge , l rge bo ie ,

- d a d a a a a . N l rge bone horse , with r ther sm ll , intelligent he 0 very c d a a a a pronoun e Rom n noses nor long , co rse h ir on the legs bove t h e

r d fetlocks a e like . The heavy weights (some of the American h orses reach pounds) m 1 90 a a a 800 d bring fro $ up , while the sm ller nim ls , to poun s , 1 25 d S n bring from $ up when goo . uch horses ca be used for d elivery wa ons nd a can g a for tr ms or street cars . They be found in many a p rts of our country .

and O - d - Horsemen buyers here bject to the long legge , long backed e O f an and a a d o hors y sort , such nim ls not seem to bring as good prices as t a so d a o hers perh ps not finely bre , but more to the t ste of the buyers . The cavalry and artillery horses are furnished to the Government by contract . h a a The Irish horse is ere g in the favorite . Pe rhaps American animals shippe d through England or Ireland oftentimes become natur al ize d a d a and are d as na e d in few ys sol tiv s of those islan s . The a d and price p i is between francs . At present it is R A 29 AM E IC N H OR S E S I N BE LG IUM .

d e a h and francs . The scriptions of the horses in the rmy ere those ce are a a a a a O f our own servi pr ctic lly the s me , but the nim ls them d d d u r . a a a e selves a e quite ifferent This seems p r oxic l , but it is to n NVe a the d iff e re nt needs a d the ideas in the two countries . h ve

a e wi a a a d a d and weight c rri rs , th l rge b rrels , to st n h r work to become are e a rustlers whe n forage gives out . The horses here mor c re a d a a a and are and fully tre te , h ve much sm ller b rrels , more lightly a are gracefully built than ours . I think th t our Government horses t h e fi a better than those of this country , but of cers here h ve much

finer mounts than our own . I came from Lond on a fe w d ays ago on the same boat with 30 h n Irish horses being brought over for t e Belgia cavalry . They were a a e e d a a animals of the sm ll hunter type , r th r w ll bre , lthough m ny of n d d a a d a them h ad large ears a d not pretty hea s . The e ler s i th t he paid £30 for them in the south of Ireland ; t h e cost of bringing £2 w s them over was about ; he got for them francs . His profit a then about £14 a head . Horse s for the service are inspected at the barracks of the regi a d O f and a a a and ments by bo r s consisting of two ficers veterin ri n , the i a d colonel or h is represe ntative s always present . When ccepte they a e are p aid for at the contract price . The contr ctors become xpert in buying the type of animal that they know from experience will prob c d a a and a ably be a cepte , m ke few mist kes , h ve few horses left on

their hands . Officers are allowed to ch oose and to take from the contractors at d a the fixe price h orses th t they wish , but frequently they will buy

d and a a . are outsi e p y much more for horses th t suit them They , too ,

d - add a a an d fon of the high stepping , stylish s le nim ls , , like the Mexi ’ d a a a can in regar to his sombrero , will give more th n their ye r s p y

for a fine mount . Those who wish to import horses to this country or to the rest of i w i l d comm un cat e it h . . 5 the Continent w l o well to Mr B Gregoir , h a a d e l a . a a s a d a Pl ce Commune, Antwerp He is Belgi n who tr vele h a d d S a . as a great eal in the Unite t tes He built l rge st bles , now d a 300 e accommo ating more th n hors s , in Antwerp for the convenience d a u se a . a of shippers . The sellers h ve the of the st bles , etc , ccor ing to the following :

AM ERI CAN S T ABL ES .

R M ont i ne A n r re ss : A m eri n t l e s A nt e r . A B C e u se . ue t e . [ C abl e add ca S ab , w p cod d g y , w p e for 160 rse s 10 Spac ho , box

T h e a e t a e in e u t e t acc dat on for o ei e l rg st s bl s B lgi m , wi h b s ommo i s f r gn shipp rs h u a a de ot eat u e a d t eet ca co an a t near t e q ay , r ilw y p , gr bo l v r s , s r rs ming from y p r

N ce and c ea o . an d oa d a e ace . eat a a e and O f t h e cit y . i h p r oms b r ing s m pl Gr m n g ,

* T h e S t at e Department give s t h e valu e of t h e st erling as $4 866 in Unit ed n d a ca cu ati on in ou nd nu e are u u a ade on t h e S t at e s mo e y . O r in ry l l s r mb rs s lly m basis of five dollars t o t h e pound E 30 FOR E I G N M AR K E T S F O R A M E RIC AN H OR S S .

t h e d a everything necessary t o drive or ride t h e horses ; t elephone freely t o ispos l

O f cu st omers . t e co t c u d a d n condu ct t o n 2 anc er o e . E ntra ce , fr s p h rs All o h r s s , in l ing l n i g , n n o e and o ne m an er t en o e : I n t a st able s fe edi g care s , re shippi g h rs s , p h rs s s lls , , ,

nd da b ox t a 5 anc . 3 francs per horse a y; in s lls , fr s ficat e ect o and e d c ne are t h e S hoeing vet erinary care s , cert i s , insp i n , m i i s only , e xt ra cost s t o b e paid .

5 e r 3 ce as d a d H is commission is p cent , of which per nt , I un erst n , is t h e d a a d goes to the Gove rnment . This only goo pl ce th t I coul fi nd nd a a a e are a d d , a by shipping to him m ny nnoy nc s voi e until the shipper le arns the ways of this country and can make better arrange ments . d ad d as a The tails of all horses here are d ocke . This is b ly one , me e d are e e a . a e a rul , in Am ric At the st bl s bove ntion the horses a d ocke d by an expert at no charge to the Shipper, the oper tor keeping the h air cut off as his recompense . T h e Phoenix line of steamships brings over the horses at a cost of 2 w 30 d e $ 0 per he ad from N e York to Antwerp , or for $ inclu ing very — l a d a t da and al . a thing insur nce , fee ing , t en nce , The cost of the s me a a from Chicago to Antwerp is about $4 0 . The voy ge t kes two weeks d and a e . a or less , the horses rrive in excell nt con ition I h ve seen t w a d a a about four lots that came in tha ay . The t ils shoul lw ys be d a da a e d a d d . a e S s ck , to voi their being rubbe The horses rriv on tur ys , S d d nd d d a a a a . un ys , or Mon ys , were sol the following Thurs ys I w 6 h sa those that were sold on the 1 t of S eptember . They appeared ff d 14 a d e . to be very in i er nt lot Those sol on the th of October, which a saw an I lso , were much better , but still not by y means of superior a an d a a a e nd types , lthough m y of the r ft nim ls were excell nt , a such d brought over francs . I un erstood from a confidential source that the shippers in these instances realized about $4 0 to $4 3 per n horse . The animals cost on a average about $96 laid d own in

Antwerp . a a a a The buyers were princip lly men h ving s les st bles , who , of course , e e d a a xp cte to m ke profit by reselling their purchase s . In selling

a a a and e as a a p irs it is well to put them up first sep r tely th n p ir , as this is allowed in the Belgian trade ; and if not so much is o ffered on the pair as on the two sold singly the horses go to the highest sepa rate bidders .

h h d and a d a All orses sent over s oul be well broken h ve goo m nners , not a and d add a a only in h rness un er the s le , but lso in the st ble . The a d a are a d and tten nts in this country by no me ns goo horsemen , it a a e - a a a d a t kes w ll broken nim l to st n the tre tment it receives . a e are as a u se as d and M r s in gener l gel ings , there seems to be no d ff i as . s so a i erence to price This lso of those in the military service . a are a and all a Ro ns very popul r , , other things being equ l , bring high er pr i ces . I have experienced some d iffi cu lty in collecting the above informa R E R E M E N T F O R G E R M AN A R M R E ! UI S Y HO S S . 3 1

n and a a d a d tio , h ve t ken into consi er tion the fact that horse ealers as are a a d d here elsewhere prone to ex gger tion , epen ing , of course , O f upon the point view .

R E U I R E M E N ! T S F O R G E R M A N A R M Y H O R S E S .

[ E xt ract from re port of Lie u t e nant von K u hn ]

in a a a d d Horses for service the Germ n rmy must h ve goo bloo , sound and e a a a a S legs fe t , strong b ck , fit to c rry he vy weight . pecial atten a d a nd tion is p i to the comp ctness of the back a groin . It is also a a a a a necess ry for the horses to h ve regul r , swinging ction . Further , it is consid ered d esirable that the horses should h ave a long an d set t l ed d e - a d a a a ad a shoul er , w ll m rke withers , l rge qu rters , bro chest ,

- a e d a a a and well sh p neck , muscul r fore rm , with short bones wiry d and d ten ons , strong hocks , fetlocks in goo position , neither too soft nortoo straight . Horses bought for the cuirassier regiments must measure at the least all a d a meters ; those for regiments of the uhl ns , for the r goons , and a a d all the huss rs of the gu r , meters ; for other regiments of d a and a d a a r goons huss rs , meters ; the r ft horses of the rtillery , an d a O f a r meters , for the ch rges the rtille y , meters . In all

these cases the lowest measure acceptable is given . Horses in the service of t he cavalry are expected to do service for a term of ten h years ; t e se in the artillery nine years .

Every year about one - tenth of the horses doing service in the cavalry

and the baggage d epartment O f the German army and one - ninth of the horses doing service in the artillery are put out and replaced by

new animals . For the Prussian part of the German army during the fiscal year 897—98 i d 1 provision s m a e for the purchase of horses . For these a a a e a a horses , which h ve to be from three to five ye rs of g , the ver ge * d 8 0 a d 679 r price p ai is 3 marks . On the s me con itions horses a e d d S a and 4 44 require for the regiments of the King om of xony horses , an a a O f a a d are d for which ver ge price m rks is to be p i , require d Wu rt emb er a a a a for the King om of g , while the B v ri n p rt of the Ger m an a a 1 200 at an a a a rmy requires bout , h orses , ver ge price of bout

A a all are at an a e marks . S rule those horses bought g of from three ! ” are so - a d d to f our years . First they sent to c lle remounting epots — large p asture grounds belonging to the Government where they remain ! a ad for one year . The purch se of these horses is m e by Remonte ” A mm i i n kau f co o n . a d d a s ss e . e a , i , by milit ry bo r s constitute for the purpose of remounting the German cavalry and artillery and acting a d under direct supervision of the ministry of war . These bo r s are

* T h e S t at e Depart ment give s t h e valu e of t h e German mark as c ent s in O d n a ca cu at on in ound nu r Unit ed St at e s mone y . r i ry l l i s r mbers a e u sually d n h o f u a t h d a ma e o t e basis fo r m rks t o e oll r . E 32 FO R E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E RIC A N H O R S S . perm anently organized and consist of three O fficers and o ne ve terinary surgeon . S ix board s for re mounting purposes are provid ed for t h e German

t h e a e d d d six d . army , Germ n Empir being ivi e in remounting istricts Every ye ar t h e se d istricts are visited by the commission allotted to d t h e a l a a a an them . It is the uty of loc l civi uthorities to m ke rr ge d ments for the hold ing of fai rs for re mounting purpose s . This is one a d and by means o f public ad vertisement . To these f irs horse bree ers T h e a e d horse d e alers send their stock . purch s of the horses is one

- d a d is a d a d free handed by the boar . The price gree upon p i c sh own immed iately after the c onclusion O f the bargain . There is no provision existing prohibiting the purchase of imported horses ; the price to be paid is a matter left to the purchasing board . d d on condition that the average price is not to be excee e . Amounts of to marks are very seldom p aid for horses n e xcept by the governments of Wil rt e mb e rg a d B avaria . In Prus s ia to marks are paid only if horses are used for special — a a and purposes for inst nce , for the use of the be rers of the colors r o d a the kettledrums . These high prices a e p aid s sel om th t they hardly can be taken into consideration as an ind ucement for foreign importers . Of the four most important purchasing board s for remounting pur

are a a and a poses , two for e stern Prussi Posen , one for H nover , one for

- d and S . a Mecklenburg , one for chleswig Holstein These bo r s buy four fi h ll h a d ft s of a t e horses used in the Ge rman army . The three bo r s first mentioned purchase almost the whole number of horses need ed

a a . e a a for c v lry purposes In the provinces of stern Prussi , western a and a is a d Prussi , Posen horse r ising in very flourishing con ition , ! ” a a a the nim ls for the most p rt belonging to the Trakehnen breed . T h e Trakehnen horse is originally a horse native to the soil and used a d for f rming work , crossbre with Russian horses . In the course of this century a new brand of Trakehne n horses h as been raised by

d - d h a crossbree ing with English full bloo stallions . This work s been ca d a a - five a and rrie on successfully , especi lly for the l st twenty ye rs , as a c a d h as c d consequen e the Tr kehnen bree been mu h improve , c a as far as d espe i lly their spee is concerned . Although t h e u se of English stallions h as m e t with c onsid erable d ff a a e d a a opposition in i erent qu rters , it is still c rri on to gre t extent . a a d an and The purch sing bo r of Mecklenburg , H over , S chleswig a a d a Holstein buy mostly horses of he vier bree for rtillery . These a a d horses belong to the n tive br n of Mecklenburg , which h as been much improve d in the course of the last few years by c rossbreeding with English stallions . For the use of the German army no h orses are d d irectly importe from foreign countries . A s far as the import of American horses for army purposes comes d a h as a a into consi er tion , it to be st ted th t there are no O fficial O b j ec

E 34 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N HO R S S .

c an a a a a . powerful hors e s , for whi h ver ge price of m rks is p id In some cases from to marks have be en paid for American

e a e d a o horses by these compani s , but it must be st t th t the mnibus people h ave not been satisfi e d with their American purchases . Height of omnibus horses is about meters .

- a as a T h e firms carrying on the freight delivery business p y , rule , a and a d from to m rks , prefer horses r ise in the northern d a and a . a part of Germany , Fr nce , Belgium , Denm rk For goo work d ing horse about marks are pai .

Horses for private carri ages command a very d ifi e re nt price . Com parat ively there is no great luxury ind ulged in horses by t h e carriage are Owners in Germany . Of course there exceptions to this rule , but ma a a d they are hardly worth consideration . It y be t ken for gr nte that for horses used for private carriages to marks per he ad are paid on an average . Of the prices paid for American fast trotters no statement can be d a a d d d d and ma e , bec use th t epen s entirely on the recor , the pe igree ,

a a . simil r points , by which the price ch nges from horse to horse The Berlin fire d epart ment and the mounted polic e in the large cities buy their horses from dealers with whom they have contracts . fer The fire departme nt expends from to marks a horse .

f r a a d d . In some cases they go as a s m rks , but this is sel om one They prefer horse s bred in Mecklenburg or in the eastern part of d e c a . a a Prussi The mounte police in the l rger cities , esp i lly in Berlin , are s e ndidl d a a n a p y mounte on very he vy horses , me suri g not less th n

! a a a are d as meters . As m tter of principle , gr y horses rejecte well by the fire department as by the police authorities . The mounted police pay about marks for a horse . Only very gentle horses are a and i a d an O a t ken , none w th f ults which woul be bst cle to their

d d so all and r are d use in crow e streets ; biting kicking ho ses rejecte , and a d the contr ctor is boun to replace them by othe r animals . The horses of the mounted police are put into service at the age of 5 to 7 d d a e O O . a ye rs , very sel om young r , ften l er As rule they serve four

a are d d e ye rs , then they returne to the contractor . Un r certain stip u lat e d conditions he h as to take those horses in parti al payment for h m as . a a d new ones , which he to furnish It y be st te here that the price paid for horses in the southern part O f Germany is about 1 5 per a cent higher th n in the northern part . d 10 a e d a and A uty of m rks is levi for colts , ye rlings , horses of the a e 2 a d a 2 a 20 g of ye rs ; for horses ol er th n ye rs , marks have to be d a . e a a d p i A c rtific te of he lth , issue by the authorities of the country t h e e is d is d from which hors exporte , in ispensable . At the arrival on e a a a l G rm n soil veterin ry inspection of the horses takes p ace . ! uar antine for horses is abolished and only t akes place when horses are S H P P N G H O R S E S T O G E R M AN Y I I . 35 imported from countries which have been d eclared infecte d by con t a iou s se d g hor isease s . To increase t h e export of American horses to Germany it would be ad vi sable for American d e alers and horse bree ders to establish con n e ct ion s d a e a c with e l rs in the l rge ities of Germany . This method would be more ad vantag eous than the e stablishment of special depots t h e a a for s le of Americ n horses . The R ussian Government some a o e a d t a e c . time g st blishe in Berlin st bles , , for the sale of Russian trotters and e xpended a great amount of mone y in carrying on this a ff d c d est blishment , but su ere onsi erable losse s and finally concluded to shut up the busine ss . If the United States d e sire to find a market in Germany for American horses it is absolutely necessary that great

! ca d a a i a c re shoul be t ken in c rry ng the horses cross the o ean . De alers generally complain that American horses arrive in a very poor condi ff d are nd tion in consequence prices o ere for them low, a to bring them d and into con ition costs time money . Changes for the better would be effected by making arrangements with one or the other of the

- n a trans Atla tic ste mship companies . The statement mad e with refer ence to the condition in which the horses imported from the United States arrive in Germany apply but to the inferior animals ; valuable are e a a trotters of course very w ll t ken c re of , but the price paid for d their transport is accor ingly high .

A S TA T E M E N T O F E XP E R I E N C E A N D O B S E R V A T I O N I N S H IP P N G H O R S E S T o G E R M A N Y I .

E t r t r m l e t t e r M r. n A . e ers rm e rl Dire t r O f t he E e rime nt t at [ x ac f o of Joh M y , fo y c o xp S ion O f We s t V ir inia at e N e w r u ne 7 g . d d Yo k , J ,

a t was an - a ffi e My p rtner in his business ex Germ n o c r , highly con ne ct e d in Dresden and known to the secretary of war for the Kingdom of S axony and the O fficers of some O f the regiments in the barracks at d i a . s a a Dres en He citizen of Germ ny , which g ve us considerable ad vantage in our chances of doing business in Germany ove r those . d d a a a a d possesse by the or in ry Americ n citizen , un cqu inte with their d a a a a an a . l ngu ge , peculi r l ws , h bits of business An American shipping horses to Germany will find it more profitable nd d d to ship heavy a me ium raft horses . These can be sold in H am

' u if a d d d d 650 t o 800 b rg , l n e in goo con ition , for from marks a head _ , a d a 1 60 200 d equiv lent to in roun numbers from bout $ to $ per hea . There is also a d emand for a limited supply of fine saddle and coach a a horses . It will not p y to ship nything except the best horses . The a f a d h can a rmy o ficers like to h ve goo horses , for whic they p y from 200 500 a ad d d a . $ to $ he , epen ing upon the qu lity of the horse There is a a d , however , regul tion , either written or implie , requiring them to

S e e et t e e e and et t e t e t o e u . 2 l r of M y rs l r of minis r B lgi m , p 4 . S 3 6 F O R E IGN M A R KE T S F O R A M E R ICA N H OR E S .

and d a purchas e their horses from German citizens , we woul not h ve be e n able to have d ispose d of a single horse to the officers of the army

' w a h ad it not been for the fact that my p artner himself as German . T h e habits of the O ffi c ers are such that a horse seems to be thoroughly u a is ad e an d at discusse d among the m be fo re a p rch se m , present there is a d e t e rmination in some quarters to pre ve nt as far as possible the

h e a . a introd uct ion O f American horses into t rmy My p rtner , how e e ucce e d d e a e al a a f ce v r , s e in n goti ting s ver s les with the rmy o fi rs , i a a h ad ad r a r and these , w th the s les th t he m e f om forme shipment , h ad a all turne d out to be extremely s atisfactory . We f cilities for h d t h e e x ce knowing that t h e o ffi cers who a bought horses , without p

ad e a e c a d tion , m most fl tt ring reports to their olonels in reg r to them , and that the se r e ports to t h e c olonels also reached t h e war d e p artment e d a a a a of t h e Kingdom of S axony . We wer en e voring to negoti te s le

h e and c a d of horses to t e S wiss Gov rnment , it me to us quite irectly that the report of t h e S axon war d epartment upon the Am e ri can horses in t h e S axon army to the Swiss Government was highly favorable . It

ac ca a S a is , however , impr ti ble to ttempt to upply the rmy with Amer a e at e e c a c an ff d ic n hors s the present tim , unl ss ombin tions be e ecte through channels whi ch we fail to discover . T h e trad e in Germany is carried on quite diffe re ntly from that in

e d and e a a America . Their business m tho s th ir m nner of negoti ting

r d ff is as d s ales a e e ntirely i e re nt from ours . There no such thing fixe s a and an c a d e a price in Germ ny , it is not un ommon thing for ler to d ask thr e e times as much as he will take for a hors e . The inten ing a e e c h e e an d e O ff d a purch ser s l ts the horse wish s , then go s with the e ler

a a é a d e e e e and d e e an d to c f or beer g r en , wh r th y smok rink b r con a d a ad a al h is ce and tinne in negoti tions , the e ler gr u lly f ling in pri the d a a e c e an inten ing purch ser rising in his , until , perh ps , th y om to T h d a . e a acc a d e d greement inten ing purch ser , omp nie by his fri n s , a e e nd t l m k s two or thr e visits a a as t brings a ve terinarian . S a as c as d b e d d uch thing ompetition , known to us , woul consi ere d a a a an d a e a c d ishonor ble mong the Germ ns , if g ntlem n is onsi ering the purchase of a horse and another comes around who is well

a d w d a d an c c ple se ith it , you re not un er y ir umstances allow him to a m an a a a a know th t the other is thinking of purch sing the nim l , s he would at once stand aside and wait until the other m an made up his T h mind . e sale of horses by auction is substantially unknown in Ge rmany and it will probably be a long time be fore it is we ll intro

d u ce d d e as it . m t , if it Shoul ver be , e e s with opposition from all those

e e t h e are d a p opl who live upon men who e ling in horses . The re is one firm in Berlin of very considerable wealth that is able to buy extensive ly an d c ontinue the auction O f horse s somewhat on the prin ci l e e d t h e a a c p follow in l rge s les of horses in this ountry, but it is com el le d a a e am d id p in m ny c s s , I tol , to b in it s horse s in order to prevent loss . This combination of d e alers not to b id against one another and to follow the principle of find ing fault with a h orse that a man is S H P P N G R S E S T o G E R M A N I I HO Y . 3 7 th inking of buying also make s it a precario us busine ss for the Ameri can a e a ca O f e a c who t k s rgo hors s to H mburg , whi h is the prin cipal e e e ca e are a d d T h point wh r Am ri n hors s l n e in Ge rmany . e business in Hamburg is under t h e c ontrol of local d e alers who have c onnec i d a o f t tions w th the e lers in the interior the coun ry . It is quite the custom in Germany for t h e d ealers to go t o Hamburg and ca a - buy Ameri n horses to t ke into the interior . The bet ter class

d a are d l of these horses , if r ft horses , often sol as Be gian hors e s ; if add le c ac e are O d a s or o h hors s , they ften sol s English horse s ; and the are d as ca e d culls sol in the interior Ameri n horses . Ev ry efect that is d co e d an m a d al l ca is v re in y horse is pro ptly pplie to Ameri n horses , and studiously published in the p apers and spread in all d irections d e a e e ff an by the lers , th ir ort being to prevent extension of the busi ness in Germany .

’ We we nt with the d etermination to try to establish a good reputa and a an e d e x a a d tion gu r te very horse to be e ctly s represente . If d so d e d . ac a we a foun not to be , it woul be return The f t th t were ble , all d o ffi in spite of opposition , to business with the army o cers called e e a a ac a t h e a out s v r l tt ks upon us in the p pers , gener l expression O f which was about as follows

I t is a mat t er very mu ch t o b e re grett e d t hat Am erican horse s are bein g off ere d

a e in t h e e an a e t . T u d n ot b e e t t e d as t e co e nt o for s l G rm m rk s his sho l p rmi , h y m i compet it ion wit h G e rm an - grown h orse s an d t end t o force down t h e price s of T wo e a a o a oo d d a t o in n u German horse s . y rs g g r f h rse t his sect io bro ght abou t S nce t h e nt odu ct on of t h e e a d a marks . i i r i Am ric n r ft horse s t h e price s have u T h e e can a e n w u n du fallen t o abo t 800 marks . Am ri s h v o be g n t o i t ro ce coach dd n n e t at on we fin d t a h o and sa le horse s . Upo i v s ig i h t t e h rse s have prove n so ffi f h u T h sat isfact ory t hat even o cers o t e army have p rchase d some of t hem . e r in a a n a d d u T h ent erp is g Americ ns h ve bee ble t o o a goo b sine ss . e German dea e u d i e t e u ne et d and t h e t at on of er ca l rs sho l mprov h ir b si ss m ho s , impor i Am i n horse s shou ld b e st e ppe d . 30 w It costs about $ to ship a horse from N e York to Hamburg .

e can d wa d Hors s be shippe either by y of Lon on , where they will be w d d a . T h e a d i 30 s . reshippe , or irect to H mburg price by y of Lon on $ d n d d d The steamship comp any furnishes fee a atten anc e . If shippe di c a 25 t h e re t to H mburg , the price is $ , but shipper must furnish the a c a a attend ant an d feed in ad dition . The ste mship omp ny llows the a d a is d d a attend ant to re turn free O f charge . An tten nt nee e for bout 0 an a e d ' 1 e . c every hors s If the shipper wishes , he h v the horses insure 5 6 d a a a . at a premium of from $ to $ a hea . The r tes of insur nce v ry d a a a d a is 1 50 c t h e c om The or in ry insur nce pl ce upon horse $ , whi h in pany pays promptly if the horse fails to walk ashore Hamburg . If

a a a d die - a af it is ble to w lk shore , even shoul it one h lf hour ter it

T h e e are o a d t h e a a a . s l n s , insur nce comp ny will not p y hors s well i p acked in the ship that the re s little loss during transportation . The a s c t a t h e system of ventil tion in the ship , however , is su h h t horses

all ca b ad d c e ff e d nearly tch col s , from whi h th y su r seriously uring transportation and still more se riously afte r the y arrive on the other 38 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N H OR S E S .

r ac d S O a side . Th e y a e p ke into the ship closely th t it is impossible a a and a at for them to lie d own d uring tr nsport tion , when they rrive

d are ff e d and the oth er si e they , of course , very sti , more or l ss bruise

b d an d are a ad o fi ere d a a ru be , re lly not re y to be for s le in the ret il a at sea are a d m arke t for at l e ast ten d ays . The princip l losses c use n t h by injudi cious fe e ding and lack of careful attentio to e horses . a a and The attend ant should notice them with gre t c re , if their bowels or kidneys fail to act regularly he should promptly administer proper

e d c as a d d m i ines , otherwise the horse will soon be in con ition beyon successful treatment . i t ax 5 a ad and it a 50 In Hamburg there s a of $ he , costs bout cents a head to land t h e horses and transport th e m to t h e sales stables . The charges in Hamburg for keeping a horse are about $ 1 a d ay for h d a a 7 5 ce a d a a a and t e first two ys , bout nts y if they rem in week , 50 d a ma a e about cents a y if they re in longer ; this l tt r , however , by e an a h as ad a n special contract . Unl ss Americ n m e umber of ship d a ments and is thoroughly familiar with the et ils of the business , it is necessary for him to employ the services of a broke r or commis sion er who will look after the landing and transportation of the horses a a t ax and ad to the stables , the p yment of the loc l , the lo ing of the d a ad ca are a a e d a horses on the railro a cars . The r ilro rs rr ng to c rry 6 a a a a can 10 ad horses e ch , but by c reful p cking person put he of r a t d a d a a smaller horses into each ca . An t en nt shoul ccomp ny the

a ar d and are a d a train . The r tes e fixe proportion l to the ist nce the horses are shipped . Horses can be boarded at town s in the interior at about 65 cents a d a an d a a can a 60 y , by careful contr cting person h ve them kept for cents a d ay . A ll horses Shipped to Germany go through a process of acclimation ” and are a t h e a a d a di subject to wh t Germ ns c ll ruse , species of s in a a a a a . d temper which tt cks the nim l v rious forms Unless neglecte , a a a a a a and u nfi it is not f t l , but it inc p cit tes horse for work t s it for exhibition purposes until after the attack . The attack usu ally lasts

O a . d a m a d nly week or ten ys , though the horse y be invalide from it

a . for sever l weeks It is quite a serious trouble . There is another d ifficulty about the transportation of horses which n ca scarcely be overcome . The horses are affected d ifferently by the ce a a a a d and o n trip ; the h ir ch nges color in quite perceptible egree , m a a a o a m one horse y lose flesh while nother will g in , s th t a an can not b e certain that a p air of horses quite perfectly m atched in N ew York will be m atched when ready for sale on t h e other sid e of the ocean] We were compelled to break up several well - matched teams on this account .

a d a is b a In reg r to the colors of horses , the f vorite color y without a is b a a u a a and a m rkings ; the white horse su st nti lly ns l ble , gray horse d f is i fi cult to sell . Black horses should be shipped with long m anes

and a . d a d i d ar t ils The em n for them s limite . They e used princi R E S I N R AN E HO S F C . 39

a a a e t c . d p lly for funer l processions , he rses , They shoul be entirely e all a d d a an a . fre of m rkings , of soli bl ck color , l rge size There is a d d a d d a l d goo em n for rk sorre s if free from white m arkings . S a dle and coach horses are d ocked ; draft horse s are sold without being d . a d a a d r trimme In reg r to g its for horses , the only g its require a e n d a a a . a are w lking , trotting , g lloping Other g its objectionable . h a and a They insist upon horses of igh ction cour geous appearance .

a an d u na r Trotting stock is little known in Germ ny , is wholly pp e d ciat e . a d d nd They insist upon h ving the horses in goo con ition , a prefer a horse built on the style of the English cob as a coach and d ri ing horse . I have mentioned the difficulties that any American is likely to d a encounter who un ert kes the business in Germany . He m ay pre pare himself to face them and if he can overcome them and form the a d proper connections in Germ ny , there is money to be ma e in the export of American horses .

H O R S E S I N F R A N C E .

E t r t r m a re rt M r . E dw . . G re e n . ris F r n e [ x ac f o po by M of Pa , a c ]

E N O R G E M E N T S F O R M P R O V N G T H E R A C E A N D F O R B R E E N C U A I I DI G .

a f d d Much encour gement is o fere by the Government , societies , an d d d and a in ivi uals for horse bree ing for improvement of the r ce , in

wa at d a and a . the y of prizes horse shows , hippo romes , tri ls , r ces The horse shows h ave done much good not only in improving the d a a an d d a d and bree , but in showing cle rly to f rmers bree ers wh t kin class of animals they should raise an d what is best fitted for the d d requirements of the country and for exportation . Un oubte ly great p ains are taken in France for the improvement of the breed of and d a a are a their horses , the results uring the l st ten ye rs very s tis a a a d a f ctory , the st tistics showing continue incre se not only in the a d a a a number of pprove st llions , but lso in the number of m res served by stallions of improved breed . The business O f horse breed ing i s popular in France and is incre asing under the encouragement nd given by the Government a various societies . Automobiles and bicycles have undoubtedly supplanted the use of horses to some and a a a a d d ma extent , the number of those nim ls ctu lly nee e y be some d a a h what smaller than previously . Goo uthorities contend th t t e use of automobiles and bicycles will not affect the horse breeding in h a i France as muc as it will the import tion of fore gn horses .

H O R SE S A N D T H E IR USE S .

Of the total n umber of horses in France about h orses and geldings and about m ares are employed for farming and agricultural purposes . E 4 0 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R ICA N HOR S S .

a - a d and a a a Race horse s , m il co ch , ri ing , priv te c rri ge horses come and e ce and are a d d as from all quarters , th ir pri s sizes h r to etermine , the y are subj e ct to the qualities of the animal an d to the fancie s of

ace e are e a the pur chasers . The r hors s gen r lly of pure English or

- - h a c a e are a Anglo Arabian blood . T e m il o ch hors s of pure or h lf blood . a and N a d are d a T h e Percheron , Boulonn is , orm n horses use for he vy e c are d a a e d raft purposes . The P r herons use to gre t ext nt for omni

e so a i a d a bus service (nearly xclusively in P r s) , but lso for r ys , d a a a a and a . w gons , c rri ges , c rts , f rm work The bree ers of Percherons have taken great p ains not to allow them to drift into t h e Clyd esd ale

d c a a an d o f and type , but to pro u e horses suit ble for lmost y kin work , they are succ essful in carrying out this purpose . T h e Boulonnais horses come from Boulogne district and are used d a c a e almost entirely for heavy r ft servi e , being very l rge , of imm nse

and d e a . are a a strength , note for being v ry ctive They somewh t t ller

a d an d c ac . are than the Percherons , of he vier bo y more omp t They T e a are m ch e d h ar m agnificent animals . h Boulonn is u us in single ness for heavy drays an d for good s carriage s . ” r a a c e and The N ormand horses a e sm ller in size th n the Per h ron , are used for d raft purposes and farm work . are The Brittany horses are small and of great enduranc e . They

d - a a ca and a used by the railro a p ssenger omnibus comp nies , for bs , lso

are a d d a . for light cavalry . They gener lly use in ouble h rness As to the height and weight O f t h e foregoing The Boulonnais are from 5 feet 4 inches to 5 fe e t 7 inches in height and weigh from to pounds ; t h e Percherons are from 5 feet 3 inches to 5 feet 5 inches in height an d weigh from to pounds ; the N ormands are from 5 feet 3 inches to 5 feet 4 inches in and 1 4 50 d an d a are height weigh from to , _ poun s , the Britt ns from 4 feet 1 0 inches to 5 feet 1 inch in height and weigh from 880 to d poun s . — — 5 7 a O ld c 800 Omnibus horses Percheron to ye rs , ost to

a a a a a . fr ncs , ver ging bout fr ncs

Livery - stable carriage horses in Paris are bought when about 4 to 5 ld n a O a d c a c . e a e d a ye rs , ost from to fr n s Th y h v goo ction , are - a d a a a a 5 3 well sh pe strong nim ls , me suring bout feet inches in

. a c are d a height M ny Dut h horses use for this cl ss of work , being d d an d d a e better tempere or kin er more ocile th n the Fr nch horse . d d a h a a and a a a and The foo use is o ts , y , str w , occ sion lly br n carrots .

C ab e a e a horses come from verywhere , but princip lly from D nm rk , a and a e d a e a Hung ry , from the T rb s istrict (south of Fr nc ) ; lso from a e 7 Britt ny . Th y weigh from 70 to 880 pounds and stand about 4 feet 1 1 5 1 . cab 700 950 a sa to feet inch The horses cost from to fr ncs , y an a a a 800 850 a d d i ver ge of bout to fr ncs . The foo use s generally a

x e c ac d a a a a c a and mi tur of r ke corn (m ize) , o ts , str w , br n , rrots , bis c e at cuits , whi h the horses from nose bags .

H R E 4 2 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R ICA N O S S .

an a t h e e a . a c s market , being of inferior qu lity From wh t I le rn , horses must have be en purchased in America only because they were

t e a d t h e e t o f c a e and cheap , wi hout r g r to requirem n s the Fren h m rk t , b e i ng u n fit t e d for t h e sam e have c reated a b ad and false impression

a - a e e h as 200 about o u r horse s . A l rge livery st ble k per who horses ca a e a d told m e that he h as only one American horse ( rri g horse) , st n

3 c 5 e a O ld c a d a c and ing 5 fe e t in hes , y rs , for whi h he p i fr n s , d a and d a is mu ch ple ase with the anim l , woul h ve bought more , even

d e c e a d at a ear r pri , but th t those presente to him were such ugly , rec

t an u l ar and fiO in e a d a t a d g , long pp g re cre tures h t they woul not suit

at any price . T h e ve terinary surgeon told me that h e knew the American horses d d a t e a d a and admire their goo qu li ies , speci lly their powers of en ur nce , an d could no t und erstand why only such inferio r quality came to

France . I be lieve that American horse s would find a good market in France if pains were taken to send only such horse s as will suit the needs of the p urchasers .

S UM M A R Y O F A C O M M U N I C A T I O N R E G A R D I N G A M E R I C A N B Y T H E A R G E H O R S E C O M P A N E S I N P A R I S H O R S E S U S E D L I ,

F R A N C E .

’ ma at i n ar H . De L on ce in L A ccli t o [ y , M ch ,

For three ye ars cargoe s of American horses have continued to be t at d e a and at a and received without interrup ion Bor ux M rseilles , they are sold at public auction al l over France ; and yet there is mu ch dif ference of opinion as to the true value of the American horse and its a a a at a a 200 future in France . S ome m int in th t the ver ge of $ , the t d t e e a at a . a a price pai a a r c nt s le Lyons , they were che p O hers , g in , a a d a less enthusi stic , ccor to the Americ n horse preference over the

French in some respects while in othe rs they prefer the latter . The

d a far d c d ad thir group pl ce them below the omesti pro uct , mitting, ! ” a C e a a a d however, th t they seem to stop rt in g ps , being purch se by

r t d d t persons who a e ap to loa themselves too re a ily a public sales . The first visit paid by the write r was to t h e Ge ne ral Omnibus Com d a a . N t a a a a a a p ny , P ris otwiths n ing the gre t incre se in mech nic l tr c ’ c a a a tion , the number of horses in the omp ny s st bles , which for long time was about h as been increased of late r years until it reaches a fact e xplaine d by the e stablishment of fifteen new a d nd e . a a a lin s The horses consist of st llions , gel ings , m res in bout u m e q al proportions . The first A erican horses were purchased by t his w c a e e e a a o . are n o at d L a a omp ny thr y rs g These epot of B stille , a

a s a c d ll - most import nt t tion , which in lu es horses , a high class a n nd d st llions , supplyi g one of the most important a ar uous lines run T h t h e a . e ca e e by comp ny Ameri n hors s w re closely examined . With A M E R A H R E N IC N O S S I PA R IS . 4 3

e e e e are a d e som xceptions th s horses not h n som , in spite of the numer ous importations by prominent American breed e rs of Percheron stal e d c d a we e d d a a lions , whos es en nts w re promise shoul suppl nt our n tive ! i d a a a . e s a a nim ls in our own m rkets Th re no re son , s i one of the ! c a t h e a d a d prin ip l employees of comp ny , for our bree ers to pprehen

n so - a d a a y serious competition from America . The c lle he vy Ameri can d a a e r ft horse is composit result of incongruous , unintelligent e a and d crossing without system , the r sults being inh rmonious efect h d . as a a a a e c a ive in form This horse he vy he , sm ll n k , gre t mule a flat c a d a e rs , roup , long b ck , well built in front , but hin qu rters d c fl at ob e ct ionab le ' t h e a a a efe tive , feet , colors j , co t ltogether l cking

e a e a e d as she n , v r g height meters , goo movement to front but b n x d n defective as to i d quarters . E cept perhaps on the shoul er a d a t h e a a are so d e a fore rm , muscul r m sses which istinctiv of our n tive ” r a t e d e w draft breed s a e wanting . Ap rt from h se fects e were assured e a d a e ad a that the Am ric n r ft hors s were b ly broken , h ving no well

d fin d ace and a a a d . d e e p s , gener lly wkw r in their movements Hitche

- d up with well broken French horses , however , they soon get use to

r d harness ; they e at well and a e not d ainty . While showing goo work ’ at first their servi ce is not d urable ;after only two years service they

a d and are fi begin to Show we r , the hin legs swell , they subject to s a ad s ot i h ad tulas . A comp rison m e on the p w th French horses which been in the service twelve to fourteen years was invariably in favor a t a d a a a of the l tter , no withst n ing the f ct th t the Americ n horses cost ’ h T h e d t he company as much as t e native . irector of the company s h orse supply h as practically conclud ed that his company will purchase no more Americans . d a a a d Mr . Vi l , the merch nt from whom the omnibus comp ny referre

a d a a : to above purch se its Americ n horses , s ys

I regard t h e American draft horse s as having no fut ure in France . Personally nd n fit t e t at o b u t I am co de an o t at o O f car I fi o pro in h ir impor i n , nsi ring imp r i n d x In c a on wi t t h e e c e o or u rie ge horse s ( chevau x e lu e) . omp ris h P r h r n Bo lon ican d a t e not e a n a ea ance e e h e nais t h e Amer r f hors is pl si g in pp r , mor ov r is n t h e et t e c a a e o e w e cca a find e ea ill broken . Amo g b r rri g h rs s o sion lly som r lly ance e n t t u at e t h e e o o d d a t brill iant in harne ss . Fr b i g s ill for n in poss ssi n of g o r f

e t h e e ca d a t e h as t u s n t t o ex ect . T h e c a hors s , Am ri n r f hors wi h o hing p prin ip l ffi e e e e i u and t e are e e a de t ned t h e t ra c wit h t h s hors s is in B lg m , h y g n r lly s i for

O f et and St a ou e e t e e a e c a t of a . e r . market M z r sb rg ; n v r h l ss , m r h n P ris , Mr L vy , j , u de t a e an ex e e t on a a e ca e avi n u c a e d at propose s t o n r k p rim n l rg s l , h g p r h s Ant werp large grou nds u pon which h e pre pose s t o e st ablish a depot for Ameri can draft horse s wit h a view t o int roducing t hem t hroughout F rance .

ff d a d . Mr . Vi l oes not believe in the success of this e ort He gives the prices of these horses as $80 to $ 100 in America and $1 50 to $1 70 d elivered in Paris ; $1 80 is all that the omnibus company paid for d a is an r a d . a theirs . It erro , s i Mr Vi l , to im gine the prices of horses

a . S a s a o d d in Americ to be so low ome ye r g , un oubte ly , the price R E 4 4 FO R E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N H O S S .

d ad U - h as a d an fell ve ry low ; to d ay that ch nge , the vent in the nited a m ar S tat e s of an increasing numbe r of purchasers for the Europe n e e a d ke t h as cause d bre ed e rs to raise their pric s ; mor over , goo horse d a a in America always h as it s value . For goo c rri ge horses , when

w a $ 240 $280 a c . t hey are stylish and sho y , we p y to pie e on the spot 60 are can S uch as are purchased for from $4 0 to $ plugs , which only

a t a e is us d a b e sold in lots . I repe t h t ther no money for e lers in the

n a . common horses . The expense of bringi g them over is too gre t

N ote this : The American d raft horse in no sense competes with the

a is 4 a O l d are native . The f ct , French horses over ye rs not in the market ; when we come across any we never let th e m slip . Prices in N a France have not been hurt by American importations . ever h ve good French horses been as d ear as d uring the past three years . The at a c American horses cam e in opportunely , time when Fren h horses h d ” 5 or 6 years of ag e ad apted to saddle or harness we re not to be a . a e t h e a a : Mr . Vid al thus summ riz s cost of tr nsport tion

a e t O f e du w c t e O ne mu st t ake a we ek t o g et t oget her shipm n hors s , ring hi h im d T e t e e O t en de a a t a t h e first c omers mu st b e c ared for and fe . h n h r is f l y w i ing for o e n t h e n ece a e u e ent are not e t t oo su it able ve ssel . Boat s p ss ssi g ss ry r q ir m s y d t e e e e d t o vi de a o ed c n e at t end nu merou s . Aboar ship h r is f pro ; ls m i i , grooms in n T e e t e all c t ne . F or ad and u ad anc e and a vet erinarian . h s i ms os mo y lo ing lo , I um u in an d u t t n on t h e t e a ca on a a e u t b e e e d . s g , p i g s m rs rriv l , h lp m s mploy p a e 30 du t 6 doc c a e 4 insu r exp ense s t hen as follows : S t eamer ch rg s , $ ; y , $ ; k h rg s , $ ; , ,

r nt on 200 a e a e 10 c de t a e x e e a u 30 anc e at 5 pe ce $ , v r g , $ ; in i n l p ns s , minim m of $ ;

t ot a 80 . l , $ u acc dent and t h e e a a a ri e u c T h en t here are losse s t hro gh i s , hors s lw ys r v m h ’ fat igue d and ne ed several weeks re st t o ge t int o c ondit ion .

d a all a and via Mr . Vi al purch ses his horses in Chic go ships them

Antwerp . Bl ne a an e . a In intervi w with Mr , in ch rge of the line service of the a C a a O a d Gener l b Comp ny , we bt ine the following

d r T e i d in h u c a e of e ca o e . G oo e a e a e her is a w e choice t e p r h s Am ri n h rs s on s r r , r r ll i a t h e e u t of at a i t h e de b ut a ng t e a e s e e a ch o ce a i ls , s l s s si mo h m om y l n m r v m on h u T c an h as u t e ca n du n t h e a t O f t e E ropean sire s . his omp y bo gh Am ri ns o ly ri g l s — I n all h a t h e e ea and t e a nu e t e a 450 . we e et ee r y rs , h n in sm ll mb rs his y r , v now b w n n we a e o f o e n t c H un 700 a d 800 . O u t of a t ot a of o e l h rs s , h v f r ig s o k n find h a a Da and as a o e t at e d 700 t o 800 e ca . We t e g ri n , nish , , b v s , Am ri s e can ad o en an d an are e e ct e d on t acc u t ot e are Am ri s b ly br k , m y r j his o n ; h rs ill d a u of u n w a at ed win t o t e b a a e a a ce . e t ca e e e ct e e m o g h ir pp r n As r s l r f l s l io , h v o e v e od u e ct ac n t h e t e and act o of o e of ou r e c e o s m ry go s bj s , l ki g on i n s m P r h r ns , b u t e da nt and ada t t e e e e t e t o e c no a a T h ab l ss i y p ing h ms lv s b t r o mic l r t ions . e C C o a d o e n ot de e d u on t h e e can e as an m o t a t add t n mp ny s p n p Am ri hors i p r n i io , o wing t o it s lack of t h e u nif ormit y O f t ype which t h e company de sire s ; it is

acce t ed at e as a a e t . F or a o e t t e u t a e for t h e et t e p r h r m k shif h rs wi h s yl , s i bl b r c a O f e e ce t h e H u n a an ofi ers e t at a H n o e ce . e c a b l ss liv ry s rvi , g ri m ri l w r pri e h ad for a ou t 160 e an e xce t ona o od e n u d b $ , whil p i lly g Am rica is q ot e from $240 t o I o o d $280 . t is t b e bserve also t hat Americ an horse s sold at t h e public sale s O f a P ris are seldom perfe ct ly mat che d . A M E R C A N H R S E T R AD E O F GR E A T R T A I O B I IN . 4 5

T H E A M E R I C A N H O R S E T R A DE O F G R E A T B R I T A I N

E r r m t h e re rt M r W l e r Wellm n a n t t . t t e n O t er 15 [ x ac f o po of a a , d d Lo do , c ob ,

The import of American horses began to attract attention in Great d Britain about ten years ag o . At that perio the trade was largely d a a d confine to c rri ge horses , which were not , however , importe in such as an a a a a numbers to excite y p rticul r fe r mong British bre eders . The decade ends with credit to the American breeder of having almost a a d d a a a d and S a d and p r lyze horse bree ing mong f rmers in Engl n cotl n , having become so menacing to breeders across the Irish S e a as to have attracted consid erable attention from the recent R oyal Commis sion on Horse Breeding in Ireland . In the majority report of that commission occur these passages

W e t h e ce e h - c a e et e u t a e t h e ace c u e hil pri s giv n hig l ss hors s , wh h r s i bl for r o rs , h e h u t n fie d or h a e a e u a t a ne d t e e e it h as b e t n i g l , for rn ss , h v f lly m in i h ms lv s , en cle arly prove d t o u s t hat t h e price of inferior horse s h as gone down very largely T dec ea e e t at e d at 25 o 40 er n O f at e e a . t ce t at t u t e d l y rs his r s , s im from p is rib t o t h e a e and nc e a t at o of o e e ca and a t t o h l rg i r sing impor i n h rs s from Am ri , in p r t e f nd a duct n o c c e t a ca a ot e e co ot o . int ro io bi y l s , r m rs , h r m ns of lo m i n

9! 96 9? 96 96

We wou ld here call at t ent ion t o t h e large and increasing import at ion from America int o t h e Unit e d K ingdom of general ut ilit y an d middle - class harness e and t h e e at edu ct e t c i O u t e d t o duce a hors s , gr r ion in fr igh , whi hw ll bvio sly n pro fu rt her incre ase .

99 9t 96

A d ealer informe d u s t hat whereas seve n ye ars ago h e paid £12 a horse for car d i ria e N ew Y t o e h e a a t e a o £3 10s . and n a e g from ork Liv rpool , p i l s y r nly b t t er ” ship . I n V e u c c et t de e de t o t e c on de at o we a t o i w of s h omp i ion , in p n n ly of h r si r i ns , . f il see h ow it is po ssible for t h e smaller farmers of t h e we st of Ire land t o re ar and sel l horse s of t his descript ion at a profit .

d a d ad a t h S tatistics furnishe by the bo r of tr e sh rply outline e story . The numbers and values of horses imported from all countries into d d a a 1 1 891 Great Britain uring the perio from J nu ry , , to December

31 1 896 are as : , , follows

I mp or t s from a ll count ries .

[Ye ar e nding D e ce m be r

N um be r of e r . V lu e . Y a ani a a m ls .

T ot al 4 F R A M E R C A N R E 6 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S O I HO S S .

T h e a d c a e 1 893 h as h ad ff i r pi in re s in numbers since the e ect , it s a d O f so d c t h e t a e a a e a llege , is ouraging Bri ish f rm r th t he l rg ly ban d n d d a o e d bree ing . It will be remarke from these figures th t while the trad e was inc re asing in size some effort was consistently made to improve t h e quality of the horse obliged to compete with animals — of a higher grad e t h e average de c lare d value of the horses imported

1 891 £ 9 1d d e c a d a a a e 1 1 8 . a a in b ing s . ; the ver ge l re v lue of the nim ls d 1 896 w £2 3d importe in as 5 5s . — During the last two ye ars (1 895 1 896) the horses imported from the

United States and Canad a t ogether amounte d to two - thirds of the

d a a are horses importe int o Great Britain . For the re son th t they ! e a de d as e ar a c both r g r American hors s , only in r e inst n es is the d t h e d S a and a ad a as a a istinction between Unite t tes C n , pl ce of

c d t h origin , known to users . I in lu e e figures for the Dominion of d d d a a a a as se t a a . C n in my next t ble , forth by the bo r of tr e

I m r wi h u o t s rom A merica com ared t t o t al n mb er im ort ed . p f , p p

a Ye ar .

a T h e a t t t t h e e t le is m a e fo r l e n r e rs il e t h e t a le e rt s rse s f c ha abov ab d ca da y a , wh b Of xpo of ho r m t h e U nit e t t e s is m e for fis l ears e n i n u ne 30 il e l in t h e a are nt d i s f o d S a ad ca y d g J , w l xp a pp r an c e p cy b e t we e n t h e figure s cont aine d in t h e t wo t abl es .

It will be noticed that up to the close of 1 895 Can ad a held first ! ” a pl ce in the trad e in American horses in Great Britain . This pre m ie rsh i d a a was a p uring the l st three ye rs , however , only numeric l , d S a ad o f ne ces the Unite t tes supplying horses of better gr e , which it e d fi ure s—a a s y fetch better prices . This is shown by the g g in those of the board of trad e

C om ara tive va lu es U nit ed S t a t es and C anadian horses . p ,

ar F r m Ye . o

3 . d . 81 9 7 8 5, 424 £1 , 07 33 1 8 48 16 1 4 , 843 7 , 1 38 9 1 36 , 157 28 5 5 7 10 , 351 33 3 2 26 17 8 11 , 85 1 9 0 623 30 4 8 7 , 3 532, E E F E A 4 FF C T O S VOYA G E O N HO R S E S . 7

Before referring to the present cond itions of the trad e it will be as — well to consult one more contribution from the bo ard of trade the ’ d etails of last year s American imports

lasses o im or 1 6 C t s 89 . f p ,

Place Of origin .

A S far as can a a d an a a a a be scert ine with y ppro ch to ccur cy , of the total n umber 7 of horses imported into Great Britain in 1 896 a 7 000 d m a . little over , were reexporte , inly to the Continent Of these about are presumed by d ealers to have been animals of United

S tates origin .

E V FFE C T O F A S E A O YA G E .

Horses are undoubtedly affected as are human beings by a se a voy — e r A n d a e a a e . g som improve by it , the m jority upset by it to those upset by the motion the longer the voyage the more lasting the dete riorat ion . For this reason the swifter the vessel the be tter for the fin d . a a a horse Further , it is common to l rge number of c ttle in

a e a a a ste m rs conveying horses , in which c se it is s fe to ssume the a b ad f a ventil tion is , with possibly serious e fects on the he lth of the a a h as a a horse . While of l te ye rs there been gre t improvement in the quality and temper of the attend ants hired to look after horses a a d en route , there still rem ins something to be ccomplishe in this d a a is d a a a irection . The more ne rly horse treate like s loon p ssen — a a — m ger th t is , with unremitting ttention the better he will co e out d m a d of his Atlantic or eal . So e further improvement lso seems esir ad a d a a able in regard to the ship stall . While the he bo r s t present

d is an a d a e use bsolute necessity, some evice is imper tive wher by

! o ff a a a d as is the animal will not rub p rt of his m ne in fee ing , now too O ften the case . These improvements in transportation arrangements are all the more necessary in view O f t h e fact that American horses brought to

r aff d a a England a e invariably more or less ecte by the ch nge of clim te , d a a and d . a w ter , foo The more ne rly thoroughbre the gre ter the a effect seems to be in this connection . The English tr iners of Amer ican race horses at N ewmarket informed me that they could not d expect t o get out the best that was in an American horse un er a vear . In the case of c arriage and draft horses from two we e ks to six months was the period me ntioned before the American horse could be eon d id r d a . a s e e acclim tize It becomes imper tive , therefore , in view of a a d ad d facts of this character , th t the voy ge hither shoul be m e un er 4 8 R E M AR E T R M E R C A N H R E FO IG N K S F O A I O S S . such conditions as red uce to a minimum the demoralizing influences of confinement on sh ipbo ard

E N H P N N G LI S O I I O S .

I have not thought it necessary to append all the interviews I h ave d h a . I submit only those which most clearly support the general trend of all Engli sh criticism while embodying succinctly the O pinion of English experts . M Y AR HO RS ES .

M - d a . . . . a a j Gen C A Gore , inspector gener l of remounts , s i

I b u a u u e 4 and 5 r f y bo t remo nt s yearly . Bet we n pe c ent O t hese horse s r d n d e t n h a e C anadian or American . We o ot ist ingu ish b wee t e t wo in our rec d n b u t t h e a o t u c urch asés are C a adia . T h e C a adi a i or s , m j ri y of s h p n n n s t h e et t e a u T h e c a au t I a find b r horse for rmy p rpose s . prin ip l f l h ve t o wit h t h e n H t o h America horse from my st andpoint is hi s shape . e is o long in t e body ; hi s t a oo d n hi d i u d b a hi a T h e il grows t low ow on s bo y ; t sho l e ne rer s b ck . horse is t c e u a h h u d b c e u a h u H i hi k st t hro gh t t e hips ; e sho l e t hi k st t hro gh t t e b t t ocks . s H c as t e ou d not cu and his e are t oo t . e an a ho ks , h y sh l , rl in , l gs hin is , from rmy

t a d t a o n . H e a e d t u d c e t e e ed and et e s n poin , g wky lo ki g is r gg , ho gh o il mp r b t r a d a I H u a H e ee t o det e at e t h t r ine t h n rish or ngari n horse s . s ms rior on e voyage a h d u h h a E e t h e h d over ; nyway e is lit t le goo nt il e s been here a ye ar . v n n e oe s — d u d n not u e e e et cu t u n . t e h e e ot a t e f rnish w ll n v r g s his ribs ro F r h r , o s l s w ll h in u r a l t e e ce . We a e e t h e a t e e o c a . in s rvi h v som r ill ry , non in v ry I a e e e u a few e e e a e e a t u not a c h v b n b ying v ry y r for som y rs , ho gh so m ny sin e

1895 as t he e t e t was not a o d one . C a ad a e are a d e et t e , inv s m n g o n i n hors s h r i r , b r a t o o t u a e e d e e e c et du t a e a ble g wi ho t for g wh n oing s v r pi k t y h n Am ric n horses . far t h e e t O f t h e e ca e we et c e K ent u c e e I By b s Am ri n hors s g om from ky , wh r , r in u w t t h e I d e e e t e a e ed a e t e c t . I e e e ee e b li v , h y br lim s on o n ry b li v i h rish br rs t hat a horse h as lit t le chance of be ing a good horse t hat is not bre d on a lime st one

o for h e b e defic ent ne . s il , will i in bo di a b u a We a e e u ce a t e ca e . We e e t h e h v no pr j g ins Am ri n hors s y nywh r , bul k r u Af of all our horse s coming from Ireland . F o service in S o t h rica we bought in u h E u H e So t h America; for t e gypt ian campaign we b o ght horse s in ungary . W shall b e glad t o pu rch ase American horse s if t h e bre eders will send in t h e proper a a —a t e t hi c et t fl a o d t a u de not nim ls shor , low hors , ks , s rong nks , g o high il , sho l rs

nece a as ut t c u de d ou t S O as t o fu e and ett e - a ed so ss ry b o ks , ribs ro n rnish w ll , b r sh p — e n t an d t a t n ot cu i . H o e it t e e c a act e t c l gs ot so hin s r igh , in rv ng rs s w h h s h r ris i s

and i e t a a e t e e u d find a ead a et a u e . w th mor s min , if s n h r , wo l r y m rk for rmy p rpos s

D RAF T HO RS ES .

ff a a a d a C ar Mr . D aniel Du , gener l m n ger of the Lon on Ro d Com a d all d a a d : p ny , Limite , who buys the horses use by his comp ny , s i

We u c a e a out e a ea a t exc u e e ica C a a p r h s b hors s y r , lmos l siv ly Am r n or n d d n d n e ca ou r u as we can n ot an d . are e t o e e o ian We oblig p Am ri for s pply , y e et E n h S cot c I o e uffi c e t u e at a e long r g glis , h , or rish h rs s in s i n n mb rs possibl find e can e e t t t ei eat e u c e t a I price . We Am ri hors s g in o h r l h r q i k r h n rish or

S c t c and are et t e e d and t e e e d . o h , b r br mp r We began bu ying about five years ag o and have much improve d ou r st ud by so — doing ; b u t st rangely enou gh whether owing t o t h e c limat e or lack of st amina — in t h e bree d I am u nable t o say w e never before reached so poor an average life n h e fi t ix t ea a e t ee ea s and for our horses as duri g t rs s months of his y r , n m ly , hr y r

AN H R E 50 FOR E IG N M AR KE TS F O R A M E R IC O S S .

w t an ce we e a dea e a o e 1894 . F or ou e a e e sin b g n ling in Am ric n h rs s , in f r y rs k p

a e t t h e t e d S t at e b u t a e it u as t h e a a e e d a t i . g n in Uni s , g v p , nim ls w r is ppoin ng — T n di T h e be st horse s w e g et come from Michigan n ot K ent u cky . h e C a a an carriage horse s are not as good as t h e American ; t he y are st ill more de ficient our t an d T h Am eri an e e de a e a o t u ned t h e E from s point . e c br rs h v lm s r i nglish d E n a e o e ot £90 o e a od ca a e horse bree ers . glish f rm rs f rm rly g or v r for go rri g e b u t e can e c at £60 t o £65 c et e d so d a t u t at hors , Am ri hors s oming in omp is s ro sly h n L e t m e e e at an d em h a t h e E nglish farmer h as pract ically given u p bre edi g . r p p ” i e an d t o as e ! B reed rom a ction and for ca a e ur s z , s r ngly is possibl , f , rri g p pose s bre ed from an American t rot t er ; t h e g et of E nglish hackne ys crosse d wit h

- ri ca a a n a s o d as t h e u e e ca e d e . t Ame n nim ls is ot ne rly o g o p r Am ri n br hors Firs ,

a t and all t h e t e eed act n ou e ed for fit . l s , im , br from io if y br pro

The d emoralizing eff ects of the voyage to Engl and reported by f d d an . a an Messrs Kingh m , Duf , others prompte inquiry concerning the methods of transportation of American horse s coming to this F r d a . d . a o re country . Mr . Thom s L Fiel , of Messrs Willi ms , y Fiel , d a a a a a d : Limite , m n ging owners of the Atl ntic Tr nsport Line , s i

O f t h e 17 000 - odd o e u t t o eat t a 1896 we u t u t e , h rs s bro gh Gr Bri in in , bro gh q i W en we ou d t h e o e t ade a um n e ect a e d e on I ade h f n h rs r ss i g r sp bl im nsi s , m n S a spe cial inve st igat ion and fou nd it was snfi ering from mismanageme t . hip d n T e e ed pers did not really know what it cost t o send a horse t o Lon o . h y mploy m en wh o were willing t o t ake care O f t h e horse s for t h e sake O f a voyage t o Lon T h d no e x e t ca e e e a e e ne ect ed as t e e don and ac . e e h a b k hors s p r r , g n r lly w r gl , h s I t du ce d a at e c de ex e t amat eur st ablemen were se asick . in ro r whi h provi s for p r a t e t o e n u t e a e u a fie d et e na a and t a e d t a e e t n i n ro by prop rly q li v ri ri n r in s bl m n , r d T h e at e I u t e c u de u ance du t h e as who a e also goo sailors . r s q o in l ins r ring p T t a e e t o and sage and for t en days aft er landing . his sys em s v s mon y shippers fi I n e a d t o t h e t at e a enable s t hem t o e xport t h e animals at a pro t . r g r s ment t h t horse s brou ght from t h e Unit ed S t at e s t o t his cou nt ry suff er some sort O f dem or u I a d d d aliz at ion I do not t n t at t e . a e O t e e e e e , hi k h is r h v f n s n hors s l n in Lon on

e u c et t e c nd t on t a e t e e t a a d t h e e e . O f c u e in v ry m h b r o i i h n wh n h y w n bo r v ss l o rs , if t h e se eds of pneumonia are implant ed before t h e anim al come s on board in Am erica it will deve lop on shipboard or aft er landi ng ; b u t in my expe rience it is — d t h e a e o mu ch more O ft en t h e ot her way t h e. horse is bet t ere by voy g t t his u I a e ee u nd e d e ca h e o d ec t t h e t o co nt ry . h v s n h r s of Am ri n ors s g ir from ship ’ t e ne e n e e ct fit . h ir ow rs work , b i g p rf ly

H O R E R A W A N S T D E I T H G R E T B R I T A I .

E r t r r r D r . Wr I n r au O f A nim l I n r t m e t W. H . s e t r nit e t t e s u e ust [ x ac f o po of ay , p c o U d S a B a d y, n n E n l nd Lo do , g a ]

N umb ers a nd valu es o h ors s im r in r in f e p o t ed t o G eat B rit a .

C ount ry . m u . u m e r . a u . N u m r . . N be r Val u e . N b V l e be Valu e

n - o o n n L T I e t e D um e nt . P . S a oc N o 35. A E

2 e nat e D um e n t l\ O . 55 . S oc P LAT E ll.

H R S E T R A E W T H R E A T R T A N 1 O D I G B I I . 5

T h e trade in horses from the United States to Gre at Britain is one that should be uphe ld and foste red by the Department and : the d d S a e e a a bree ers of the Unite t t s in very possible m nner , especi lly in breeding for the English m arket and in securing proper accommoda tion on board t h e steamers that ply between the United S tates and a a and a al l a a afi Gre t Brit in , bove in being c reful th t no horse e ct e d

i an d a a b e a d w th y ise se , cont gious or otherwise , llowe shipment . I am we ll within the limit when I say th e re are horses in d a u se e d a ily on the stre ts of Lon on , whose lives of usefulness verage 3 and 7 e a d between y rs, accor ing to their class of work .

d a a a h as ad h O rse s The Lon on Tr mw ys Comp ny over he of ,

- are t h e d S a and d three fourths of which from Unite t tes Cana a . These a a e 1 4 d a d a 5 horses ver g miles per y in their ily work , must be from 7 a old 1 5 1 5 a d d to ye rs , 5 to 5 h n s high , weigh from to poun s , ac and a and d be comp tly built , h ve plenty of bone muscle , with goo a d a action . For horse of this type the Lon on Tr mways Company h as a se t O f £35 a a a e 1 70 price sterling , or, pproxim tely , littl over $ , per head .

Eve ry year one - seventh of the horses of t h e Lond on Tramways Company are taken out of their stable s as unfit for service and sold t n a £11 d a a a a . ver ge of , or per he The average weekly consumption of grain by the horses of t h e Lon d on Tramways Company is 200 tons ; they also consume a weekly 1 80 h average of tons of ay . I have the photographs of a typical tramway horse belonging to this a was d d S a an d d t o comp ny , which bre in the Unite t tes shippe Lon d on ; three pictures (Plates I an d II) of the same horse in d ifferent

d d and d a . d positions , in or er to Show si e , fore hin qu rters The Lon on

Tramways Company will not purchase a Perche ron - bred horse at any

d - and a e d . price , prefers rk color horses d ad C ar a The Lon on Ro Comp ny , which runs omnibuses through the d h as it s a a a streets of Lon on , horses in st bles , which ver ge a a 1 4 35 to 4 5 years of usefulness . These horses lso tr vel miles per d a d a an d a 24 0 a and 1 90 y in their ily work , consume bout tons of gr in h d d tons of ay per week . This company purchase hea of horses a a a a d S a and nnu lly for the l st three ye rs , mostly from the Unite t tes i c a d d 5 Canad a . The horses wh ch this omp ny esires shoul be from to 7 a old 1 5 1 6 d a a O f 7 6 ye rs , 5 to han s high , with girth me surement to 7 8 an d a a 8 9 inches , me sure round the leg just below the knee 5 to S a a and e . inches , with plenty of bone muscl uch cl ss of horses will n 200 ad 1 75 1 85 e r ad and . sell re ily for $ to $ p he , very ofte for $ d a h as ad O f The Lon on General Omnibus Comp ny he horses , some of which come from the United S tates an d C anad a . These

1 6 d a and a a 6 7 a are horses average miles per y l st the comp ny or ye rs , 1 5 1 6 a d h a d an d a 7 8 5 to h n s igh , weigh bout poun s , me sure from to 79 inches around the girth and 95 to 95 inches around the leg just 52 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC AN H OR S E S .

a e a a e 1 85 225 below t h e knee . This cl ss of hors s will ver g $ to $ in the d Lon on market . B alls Brothers are proprietors of a l arge omnibus line that runs from London Bridge to S treatham Common and from Brixton Station to 3 d . 700 c a a a Oxfor Circus , etc They keep horses , whi h will ver ge ye rs 5 . 1 6 d u . e are 1 a of sefulness Thes horses 5 to h n s high , weigh to d are 5 8 a o ld and a a 88 a d poun s , to ye rs , me sure bout inches roun 5 an d 9 a d t h e e the girth , inches roun leg just below the kn e , with plenty a a e of bone and muscle . This firm purch ses quite numb r of horses n d d th at come from the United States a Cana a . 1 a a d a Fig . , Pl te III , represents horse known in the Lon on m rket a d ca a as a trotting vanner . In Americ we woul ll such horse useful d a 1 6 a d a a e . for grocery or light eliv ry w gon This horse is 5h n s high , measures 78 inches around the girth an d 75 inches around the leg just w n is 6 ar old and h as d a . as below the k ee , ye s , very goo ction He d d an d was d at a 128 shippe from Boston to Lon on , sol uction for $ . 2 a a h a d as a a a a Fig . , Pl te III , represents orse th t is use c v lry or rmy d a an d d 140 . S at remount horse He is from the Unite t tes , sol for $ 1 n d 2 r f a v an d a . . a a a e O a uction Figs , Pl te IV , those he vy or r ft a a a d a d d horses . This is the cl ss of horses th t is in gre t em n in the Lon on a V a a a a a d market . Pl te represents c rri ge horses th t m ke very goo a a are a and a e and a m tch te m , of the s me size g , h ve plenty of style , the team together being worth a great d eal more than when pur

d M r . h d 1 50 a . as a ch se singly Johnson , the owner , refuse guine s for a a d h the team . P te VI represents raft horse that as been at work in d a a a a and a a the Deptfor C ttle M rket for the l st two ye rs , is m gnificent d specimen of its kin . For a heavy d raft horse the Clydesd ale and English shire horses a d all as are m a t ke prece ence of others , they co p ctly built , with plenty d nd d d an a a . a a of bone muscle , h ve goo feet The English i e th t every thing to be strong must be heavy will apply to horses as well as to wagons an d other things . a d b a a a d a a a The Clevel n y horse m kes very goo he vy c rri ge horse .

I have O ften thought that some of our large size Wilkes - bred stallions crossed on a Cleveland b ay mare would make an excellent coach or r d a a a . c rri ge ho se , but h ve never seen the experiment trie The horses from the United S tates are shipped from the ports of N ew and d and a York Boston to the ports of Lon on , Liverpool , Gl s and a a are a d at d gow , quite l rge number tr nsshippe Lon on for the ports of Antwerp an d Havre . The ocean rates on horses from N ew York an d Boston are from $25 30 ad d d and a d a a to $ per he , inclu ing fee tten nce , one ste mship line a N ew d at ad d c rrying horses from York to Lon on per he , inclu d a d a a d a and d ing fee , tten nce , insur nce uring the voy ge for ten ays

a d and d a . fter lan ing , ock ch rges

P L T IV. e nat e m nt 35 . S Docu e N o . A E

— H E A vv VA N H O S . 1 . F IG . R E

F ur e rs ld i m n l f r 50 uine as e i t 16 n s irt 98 in e s ; le o y a o ; sh ppe d fro Bost o ; so d o g ; h g h , 5 ha d , g h , ch g

ust el ne e 10 in es . j b ow k , ch

— F . IG 2 H VY VA N H O S . . EA R E

r ld s i e r m st n s l for 60 uine s e i t 16 an s irt 99 in es le S ix ye a s O : h pp d f o Bo o ; o d g a ; h gh , 5 h d ; g h , ch ; g L us t e l w t h e ne e 10 in e s . j b o k , , ch

t m n e na e D u e t N . o 35 . V S oc P LAT E .

na e t e D u m e nt O 35 . S oc N . P LAT E V

4 R E N M A R E T F R A M E R A E 5 FO IG K S O IC N HOR S S .

is ad e d and am d are ll now being vertis , I informe the horses se ing

d a 14 7 230 r d a a e a a e . d re ily t $ to $ . These lso r ft hors s It oes not a a a an ad d a ff d a as ppe r th t y s le horses h ve yet been o ere for s le such , though some four or five of the first lot mentioned above have Since

been broken to the saddle . American horses for this marke t should not b e und er 1 5 hands in nd d d d d d a a a a d . height shoul be pte for r ft , unless otherwise or ere a a a Denm rk imports nnu lly from to horses , mostlyfrom n d d 1 2 4 a a a a 1 a d . are Russi Finl n , r nging from 5 to h n s They much d a d a an d in em n by b kers , milkmen , truckmen , others , whose business

a an d h . requires light , ctive horses light ve icles car an d cab are a c Work horses , omnibus , , horses lmost ex lusively nd d of d omestic origin . For this class of work a for heavy raft gen erall a e a a a a d a y there is prob bly no bett r nim l th n the Jutl n horse , d nd a a a a . a a a a a he vy , powerful be st For victori s , l n us , c rri ges Germ n d are e a a d . horses mostly use , there b ing lso some Jutl n horses S add a a d t o d d a a a le horses v ry ccor ing in ivi u l t ste , English , Germ n , n d a d S wedish pre ominating . Denmark annu ally exports from to horses O f her own a a d wa a r ising to the Continent , m ny of them fin ing their y to Fr nce , 1 896 d where they are used as cab horses . In there were importe 0 a d at a 8 ad . horses , v lue or bout $ per he There were d a d a d at exporte for the s me perio horses , v lue or 72 d a a a a a about $1 per hea . Th t the n tive D nish horse is fine nimal nd d a comman s good prices these figures prove beyond a question . a d H mburg woul , of course , be the port of entry in shipping horses

N o a are a a d to Denmark . p pers necess ry for l n ing horses in Den mark beyond the health certificate O f a veterinary surgeon at t h e

d ar a a a . e port of Shipment , properly tteste by D nish consul They ad d f d mitte free O uty . I have recently h ad occasion to correspond with the recruiting O fficers O f the D anish army as to the ad aptability of t h e American

ffi c a a bred horse for use in the army . The o cer in h rge of this br nch of the servi c e replies that he h as not seen sufficient American horses t o a d d d O d a form eci e pinion , but he is un er the impression , from wh t h as a are d d a a a a he seen , th t they better suite for r ft th n for c v lry ar e d D e n horses . Draft horses for the army e r cruite exclusively in

a and a sa a a . a a m rk , it is s fe to y they lw ys will be C v lry horses , on c a are al a an d a e a the ontr ry , bought princip ly in Germ ny , l tt rly , lso , d in Englan . S ome of the necessary qualifications of horses d e stined for the

a a r a : d d a d c v lry a e s follows They must be bloo e m res or gel ings , a d an d a a a d d d suit ble in buil figure for c v lry , well g ite , kin in isposi d an d and . a a an tion , strong in limb D pple gr ys yellow horses with

- d . a a a a e e . are a prominent m rks (bl ze f ce , w ll y , etc ) never ccepte The — recruiting commission buys horse s as a . rule twi ce a ye ar in t h e fall E T R A E PRE S E N T ST A TUS O F T H H OR S E D . 55

h 4 6 a and . t e a a e spring In f ll , the g of the horse must be 5 to ye rs , nd 5 7 a 1 5 1 5 a in the spring to years . They must me sure from to 5 hand s in height if they have not completed their sixth year . After

a a e 1 5 1 6 a d . th t g , they must be 5 to h n s high a P rice s vary according to quality and market cond itions . The l st English and Irish horses were bought at an average price of £37 to

£38 to delivered in B arkestone . For other horses the ’ at are : O ffice rs 830 k rone rs and prices present For horses ,

d a a a 7 60 k rone rs at a for the or in ry c v lry horse , the pl ce of

d d 1 50 a . purchase . The purchases o not excee nimals per year Horses ar a e bought only fter the inspection of the commission , one of whom is a veterinary surgeon . American d ealers who d esire to O fi e r cavalry horses to the recruit ing commission would probably find it more convenient to d o so d a a d a d a through e lers in Engl n , Irel n , or Germ ny when the commis add sion makes its semi annu al visits to these countries . The ress of

F rm nd R m n k mmi io n n the recruiting commission is o a for e o t e o ss e , ” t 1 2 St orm ad e a . a g , Copenh gen If , the time of these visits of the an a d a d e a d ff ins e c commission , y loc l e ler shoul b prep re to o er for p tion American horses answering in qu alifications to the outline s given a am e d as ad as bove , I sur the commission woul buy such horses re ily

a . a as the Germ n or English horses At le st one of the commission , I am d a a d i ca informe , is very f vor bly impresse w th the Ameri n horse t h a and add e for cavalr y . I give below e n mes resses of som of the best - known horse d ealers in Copenhagen for the benefit of those c a a exporters who d esire to try this m arket . The commer i l r tings of ’ f n d F o rnai s any O these firms ca be obtaine by writing to P . V . s

T r . d r a a a 1 6 G 1. o v a a a e Intern tion l Bure u , , Copenh gen The e lers ld d 6 n in B a r a . . B t h e 9 . e s e e e a a H . P Bekker , g ; F A , Pet rsens P ss ge B ; ’ 1 6 d 6 d a a . . ik oria a e . V t I Bron um , Petersen s P ss ge A ; P C Gjertsen , g ;

k ri 33 r r d 9 G a ar sv . . Ve st e b o a e N . . a sv I H nsen , ; C C Hecht , g ; Hen

k ri 14 r n F rim d 39 N . or n n G r N . a a s a e e se asva sv o e riksen , g g ; J g , ; J g ll 2 ini n r d 2 n M O ch e t ro a 1 . F lk n ra 1 . . V a o e e e s e e . sen J , ; F H , b g ; H P d 5 V t r ro a e 3 . Rasmussen , e s e b g

T H E D E M A N D F O R A N D K I N D O F H O R S E S S UI T E D F O R E UR O P E A N U S E S A N D T H E P R E S E N T S T A T U S O F T H E H O R S E T R A D E I N F E N R I DI F E R T C O UN T E S .

r M r . d I . R e t C r e s E . t u s F airfiel [ po of ha l S bb , , owa ]

It not my purpose in this report to treat of the d ifferent kinds of a and a a horses , their qu lities uses , nor comp re their rel tive merits , only so far as these questions m ay arise in d iscussing the salient features of the subject treated in this report . In considering the situation i n the United Kingdom one is n atu rally l e d into field s of investigation not d irectly connected with the 56 R E N M A R E T F R A M E R A R E FO IG K S O IC N HO S S .

O O f as r t bject inquiry , the English people a e grea lovers of horses and a e a a a an e n a . h v more v rieties , perh ps , th n y oth r tion Presuming that the breeders in the United S tates are familiar with the markets and d a d a d em n for horses in their country , I Sh ll evote no time to this a n C n e . a a a fe ture of the horse busin ss Wh t we here w nt to k ow is , the

a e d a a l and so : Americ n bre er r ise horses for export profit b y ; if , what are the kind s most in d emand an d how are they to b e prod uced ? To ! ” a t h e i a a and the first p rt of quest on I unhesit tingly nswer Yes , in explanation of the latter portions I respe ctfully submit the result of my investigations .

I N T H E N T E N G M U I D KI DO .

a a d c d a Gre t Brit in properly eserves the first onsi er tion , not only a are d a an bec use we now sen ing her more horses th n y other country , but from the further fact that the d emand s for horses in England are so varied that when one h as carefully considered the situation there a a d a a a e a h as O a d f ir i e of the gre t Europe n hors m rkets been bt ine , as in one phase of the subject or another one meets in England with almost every condition existing elsewhere . It must be conc ed ed that the average English breeder more fully a a a a d o a d a a c ppreci tes the f ct th n our Americ n bree ers th t ertain . type and kind of horse is better suited than some other type for c er a and a d a a a a a t in purposes , th t to pro uce p rticul r type cert in est b

- d fin d n lish ed and well e e d rules of bree i g must be O bserved . There is no country in the world where the rule good horses sell and ad a a a d well poor ones b ly pplies with more force th n in Engl n . Here the purchaser pays for the actual wear and utility of the horse and a e c h as a he buys , it is stonishing how xperien e t ught him to select a horse that will last six years on the Lond on p avements to the

a d a a as . a exclusion of one th t woul only we r h lf long Of course , s we a scend the scale from that common plane where t h e great m ajority of horses find their proper positions and appro ach that extreme where

. u d a d a a i I n perfection is fo n to much higher egree , ctu l serv ce some d a and a a a a and cases is only one of the consi er tions , ppe r nce , ction , style come in for their equal share of praise from the purchaser . Without attempting to comment upon the d ifferent classifications

e n and a d a O f of hors s in E gl , I will p ss on to the consi er tion those d d d S a types which , in my ju gment , the bree ers of the Unite t tes d find a a a d V as a woul it most profit ble to r ise , with Engl n in iew d d a a a future market . It will be conce e , I believe , th t , to cert in it a a ad a a d O f extent , is lw ys vis ble to c ter to the pronounce likes our and a ma at a best customers , th t we y the st rt know who our customers

! are a a a , I here insert t ble showing the number of horses we h ve exported d uring the last five years and the countries which received them : E X R T F A M ER A N R E PO S O IC HO S S . 57

N u mber of h orses exp ort ed during five years ending ! un e

u nt r . C o y A ve rage .

This table shows that our export trade in horses h as constantly

nd at ce a d a d a d e 1 892 an d a , rt in perio s , r pi ly incre se sinc , that the United Kingd om h as received 4 0 per cent of the entire number exported . c O f a a am Through the ourtesy our Tre sury Dep rtment , I able to a a e ad a a 30 1 896 st te th t our xport tr e in horses for the fisc l ye r June , , 30 1 897 far d al l a e d and a to June , , excee s p st r cor s , th t while the a a d a d gener l exports incre se , the number Engl n took from us also a d a a a d c d d incre se , until within the l st ye r she st n s re ite with nearly

'

50 per cent of our entire export ation .

N umber and valu e of h orses exp ort ed from t h e U nit ed S t a t es t o t he U nit ed K ing dom G erman B el ium a nd F rance du rin t h e scal ear ended ! u ne 80 18 9 , y , g , g fi y , 7 , according t o t he official ret urns received by t he Unit ed S t at es T reasury D ep art

ment .

t rie s t o i e r e . r C u n t N um e . o wh ch xpo d b Val ue .

U nit e d K in gdom

A ll ot he r count rie s

Those figures prove that we are rapidly increasing our horse trade

d d and and a e with the Unite King om Europe , the logic l infer nce is that if we can improve our horses to more nearly conform to the requirements O f our customers we can sell them a larger number and at d d d nd better prices , unless the eman is limite a the present price t not subjec to increase . a e at a a a d n t To rriv correct n lysis of this proposition , we woul a u rall an d a a a are d y inquire , Where in wh t c p city the horses use which now d a ad ? e d iffi we sen bro This question , though p rtinent , is quite cult to answer ; but to d o so would at once Show u s whethe r the horses we are now e xporting are put to use s for which high prices can be a d and a p i , whether there is not higher position which it is possible 58 R E G N M A R E EO R A M E R AN H R E FO I K TS IC O S S .

e I for our hors s to attain . shall take these matters up in their

! d and a a a a no t or er , , from the most reli ble inform tion obt in ble , only a are d a d Show how most of our Americ n horses use in Engl n , but what they sell fo r and wh at other and more valuable services the y ! as i a a e d a might perform , if , the Engl shm n s ys , they show bit more 3 ” b re e d in

I shall first c onsid e r the che apest horse use d in London for pur

ca d and c d poses which our Ameri n horses coul fill , then pro ee to d a d e consi er , from this st rting point , horses use to p rform more valu

a e d and so far as a e bl uties , , possible , pply th ir uses to the horses we a and a d d now h ve , wh t , in my ju gment , we might pro uce in the

United States . The hansom or cab horse use d in t h e large cities of Great Britain is a a a a a d a 1 5 a d 2 and sm ll nim l , st n ing bout h n s inches high , weigh d 950 . ma an ing from to poun s He y be y color , but he must have d c a d and a a . goo feet , le n limbs , goo joints , short , strong b ck He is a a e d and a a e a e lw ys pref rre on short legs , is v lu bl to his m st r in pro n portion to the years of service he ca give him . This horse resembles a a a b u t as a i l rge portion of the Americ n horses , rule he s a little n d better and stronger built a on shorter legs . He comes chiefly from

' a d h e can d d a and re at e nd uran Irel n , where be pro uce che ply , his g ce h d d a d a d as pro uce mong cabmen in Lon on preju ice in his favor . a a a d cab a can d d Th t we h ve m ny goo horses in Americ not be enie , and a a a ar d occ sion lly , being of the right conform tion , they e use as d c an d as such in Lon on , but it is the ex eption not the rule , some peo t a d ple suppose . Special inquiry into his m tter convince me that at a 80 t h e cab d e a d and le st per cent of horses of Lon on come from Ir l n , t hat they are consid ered the best horses it is now possible to obtain a was d d a a a for the purpose ; lthough it conce e th t in few inst nces , where American horses of the proper conformation h ad been used in a h ad e d a the c bs , they b en foun to be the equ l of the Irish horse in every particular . I am glad to state that no real prejudice exists against the Ameri n in d cab and a d ca horse Englan for or other purposes , it st n s solely a d did e a d on its merits , but preju ice xist for some time , c use entirely on account of the exportation of so many very inferior horses . O ur exporters m ay be excused on t h e ground that they d id not at d d d d i first know what the English trad e eman e . This preju i c e s now d a as d a d fast isappe ring , our horses exporte to Engl n continue to improve in quality . ca can d as d a cab e as a d I am satisfied Ameri pro uce goo hors Irel n , im nd d d o a . a a but it is a tra e we not c re for The is not high enough , a d the horses are too low in price to be exported at a profit . Irel n is now furnishing them to the cab companies of London at from $ 95 to 1 20 ad d O f d $ per he , which preclu es the possibility the western bree er a a ar insur raising them and saving a profit fter p ying shipping ch ges , A M E R C A N O R S E I N N I H S LO D O N . 59

, d t h d a . e a nce , etc To my min price p i for these horses answers ca i are e laconi lly the inqu ry , Why not mor of our American horses found in the cabs of Lond on?

d a t e are at t a t a In the city of Lon on lone her presen bou c bs , ” d - r and 2 inclu ing four wheele s , it requires 5 horses to e ach ve hicle cab e u se t h e making hors s now in in metropolis . Their aver 3 age life is about 5 years . a d c f cab a d an d Irel n will ontinue to urnish the horses for Engl n , a and are d d o o a h possibly for Fr nce , we willing she shoul s , s t e price will not justify our interfe renc e . There is still another horse which Ireland is famous for and whi ch a d a an t and a t h e the English reg r higher th n y o her , th t is Irish hunter . h is a i To show honesty of opinion , the English gentlem n s willing to pay a fabulous price for this horse if it meets h is requirement s and h i t s a . a d a and sui s f ncy I mention the l tter horse here only inci ent lly , ’ d O f a d d in or er to Show the two extremes Irel n s bree ing , as I now want t o call attention to the fact that between the two horses d escribed sh e prod u ces nothing that materially affects the sale of American horses a d and h as a a ar a in Engl n , thus left sp ce we e p rticularly prepared to

. a a a e a fill I sh ll h ve occ sion to mention the hunting hors here fter , b u t will here remark that we are not at the present time prepared to d t and a t h pro uce him , unless in Ken ucky few of e S outhern S t ates and c a a and a then only o c sion lly , in form , type , tr ining , to suit the

Englishman . Having mentione d the horse America does n ot want to produce for an d S h e can a export the one not r ise successfully , I now come to con sider the animal that fills the space left vacant by Ireland and which d lies between the two extremes mentione .

T H E O M N I BU S A N D T H E O M M I L I G A N D P I V T BU S O C ERC A CARR A E R A E H RS ES .

are s o a a a a d These ne rly like th t I sh ll combine them un er one head . It is certain that t h e large majority of American horses sold in Gre at

a are d a and c d Brit in use for bove purposes , the in rease importation of them b y England is not to be wondered at whe n we consider t he a e c d l rge numb r in use in the ity of Lon on alone . S ince it costs practically the same to ship an inferior horse that it d a e is e d at oes sup rior one , it vi ent th the freight charges are prope r t ionat e ly less as the value of the horse increases ; hen ce the bus e e a d a a a cab hors , b ing higher price nim l th n the horse , our people have been given a market for horses which they happen to have on d ! a at . sa a a h n the present time I y h ppen to h ve , because the type O f a d was a d horse I h ve in min not especi lly bre for in America .

! a a m a To meet the requirements of the bus comp nies , horse y be of any color but substantially conform to the following description : He

a d 1 5 a d 2 and m a b e 1 6 a d must st n h n s inches high , y h n s , but not more . b e t e as He must on shor l gs ; for , the buyer of the largest London com 60 R E G N M AR K E F R A M E A N R E FO I TS O R IC HO S S .

! a a d h as far a far a a p ny rem rke , Then he not to f ll nor to get up g in .

t a u d and are a The best ypes weigh bo t poun s comp ctly built ,

d a is a - a d t d and a with goo feet , th t , well sh pe foo , with goo shell high a l O ff d a heel , th t wil keep him the pavement . Avoi a l rge fl at fe e t an e d a without y he l , for , though goo otherwise , horse with such a foot is O f u no se on the pavements of a l arge c ity . His bone must be he avy and h is t d nd join s soun . His cannon bone short a his pastern joint

'

a . a t h ick h i s a a and str ight He must h ve strong , p , with short b ck ! ” d nd d - a b e d . d roun ribs , shoul built on the chunky or er Flat si ed a and a a d d a horses with long b cks , th t st n on their hin legs like cow, are a d and a of no use in Engl n of little utility nywhere , except on the a —a d f rm voi them . The horse I have attempted to d escribe will always sell for a fair

a d as a r f r price in Engl n , there e m any uses o which he is wante d

d d a h r w n . a a o as besi es r wing omnibuses Thirty ye rs g this o se unk own , is d b a a and a a but now the me ium etween the c rri ge the he vy c rt horse , and l d 175 225 a at a 200 se ls in Lon on for from $ to $ , usu lly bout $ . all h It is impossible to mention the uses to which this orse is put , but to describe some branches of the work which he m ay be called upon to perform m ay give the American breeder a bett er idea of what h is d d a . b u s a a a conform tion Shoul be The , which te m of these horses r w and a d l a d is a h n le so wel upon the slippery p vements of Lon on , very ” - d a a . a a a is a e he vy m chine Hence the n me he vy m chiner . ppli to h . a d a a c a d and t is horse A te m r ws the he vy omnibus , ont ining , insi e

26 l t 6 8 r a a . a e on top , peop e , the r te of from to miles per hour They a a sh e d and a d and a n lw ys , h n le such weighty vehicles , stopping st rti g d ' l so d a a a and se ldom s i in a . su enly , with pp rent e se , pp g or f lling The a e at 5 and g which this horse sells best is years , being too plain in a a a and a a a - a a a ppe r nce too he vy in his ction for high cl ss c rri ge horse , he is admirably adapted to the work whic h he is asked to d o in Eng d a d a a a lan . C na a is now supplying the English m rkets with l rge and at t number of these horses , is the present time our mos formi d l ab e competitor for this trad e . d h and There is , however , no overpro uction of this sort of orses , 1 d there is not likely to be for many years to come . base my pre ic nd tion u pon the present demand a the general utility of such a horse . I h ave before me the last semiannual report of the Lond on General a d and a a a Omnibus Comp ny , Limite , from it I le rn th t this comp ny a now h as in d aily u se omnibuses and keeps horses . It c rries

d e . a a per week , in roun numbers , peopl The ver ge working f a a and d a period O their horses is bout five ye rs , when we consi er th t i c d a this s but one of eight public bus lines in the ity of Lon on lone , we can form some id ea of the immense numbe r of such horses required each year . ’ d is S d The next question which naturally arises in one s min , houl we attempt to breed the bus and van horse in the U nited S tates to and d o a d h the exclusion of other types , the prices p i for these orses

62 R E G N M A R E T S F O R A M E R A N H R E FO I K IC O S S .

d nd r . a a e d and a right on them His shoul ers hips goo his b ck short . is a a d a d and 1 6 a d This horse lw ys in em n , , if h n s high , sells for a d h as d a a . an x r goo price , even if he but or in ry ction He is not e t av ! ” a ant an a t a a d all d e and g type in y p r icul r , but goo roun hors , his a d is a d a a d a price in Engl n , regul te , within re son ble boun s , lmost entirely by his qualifi cations . d an a and a While this horse is goo enough for y m rket , m ny of a a d d a e gre tly inferior qu lity will be pro uce in trying to r is him , he is as e t as d as a e not yet p rfec he shoul be , he still l cks som of the qual ities which the highest - priced horses must have ; but I mention him as a d 1 6 a d d a we scen the scale action . At h n s high he woul fill lmost an and - a a a y position between the bus horse the high cl ss c rri ge horse . d n d i o a a . d w He w ll for the single brough m , for this purpose woul , hen 250 500 a 250 d d well broken , sell for from $ to $ , the price bove $ epen a an d se e n ing on his style , ction , size , finish , until we him mergi g into

- d the high class carri age horse . If not sufficiently finishe for the a act and d e d de a brough m , or if his ion style ren er him un sir ble for a d a d d a a a a th t purpose , he woul be c lle upon to r w the commerci l c rri ge a and 200 250 or priv te omnibus , for this purpose sell for from $ to $ . I f d a and 1 5 a d 2 possesse of poor knee ction only h n s inches high , but sound ; he would m ake a first - class cavalry horse and sell at from 1 0 200 a d hi 5 s a . $ to $ , ccor ing to qu lity My O bservations have convinced me that this is the horse our people should have for export ; but to be successful the production of this d i horse should not m ark the limit of their ambition . We shoul a m

and a d - a a a as still higher ttempt to pro uce the high cl ss c rri ge horse , I

a a a . a a a i sh ll here fter ttempt to show It is pr ctic lly the s me horse , w th a little more finish an d much more style and action than would be required in the one just d escribed . a a d d so a Before le ving this horse , which in Engl n is suite to m ny

u and d d a t h e - a p rposes , procee ing to iscuss the qu lities of high cl ss carriage horse an d the practicability of raising him in the United d S a a a a a a a . t tes , I will evote little sp ce to the c v lry horses of Gre t Brit in

V L Y CA A R HO RS ES .

Through the courtesy of the war d epartment and the kindness of

- a a a am a a a the inspector gener l of remounts in p rticul r , I ble to st te th t h an a a t e ca a . few , if y, Americ n horses h ve yet been in English v lry a a are 1 5 a d 2 Most of the troopers , or c v lry horses , from h n s inches to 1 6 a d 1 t a a and h n s inch high , with shor b cks , he vy muscles , strong h d an d a are t e not . a bones . White gr y only colors use A squ re trot i a d a and a s the only g it require , except the g llop , no p cers , single dd r d i d Or a a a e . a s footers , combin tion s le horses use E ch horse expecte to carry with ease and run an d jump with from 24 0 to 280 pounds a and a upon his back . Hence horses with long b cks we k loins will d l l 5 ld o at a . a c a a O not The rmy prefers to pur h se horses ye rs , but many are bought at 4 an d kept a year before they are turned over to A A R H R A N D H T C V L Y O S E S UN E R S . 63

h r a ar d as . a the regiments . M res e use t e same ho ses I quote verb tim t h e answer of the inspe c t o r- general o f remounts to the following ques ! tion : What are the chief faults found in our American horses viewed ” ! a a e ? e : a ad a fl at for c v lry purpos s Answ r Big co rse he , long b ck ,

d e ad a e d a e a si s , bro r gg hips , we k loins , long l gs , no rms or thighs ,

c e al - fl at and ho ks v ry close , enormous feet , gener ly very , prone to laminitis . The numbe r of horses purchased annually in the Unite d Kingdom for cavalry and artillery purposes varies from to and the

2 0 ar w r prices range from $150 to $ 0 . There e now in use for a pur a a e and and diffi poses in Gre t Brit in betwe n horses , no d h d d d culty is experience in supplying t e eman from Irelan each year .

e a a d Her the best c v lry horse is bre from the hunting horse , which is d almost thoroughbre . e d e d a d and Ther is no uty impos upon the horses Engl n imports , t h e only requirement on landing is that they pass ve terinary inspe c d tion for contagious iseases .

As t h e above information comes from the inspector - general of d a a a t a as c a . remounts , I h ve given the s me subst n i lly ommunic te as a as ad Accepting it correct , we h ve yet m e little progress in intro d u cin a t a and can a g our Americ n horses in o English rmies , with gre ter ease and certainty supply a larger and more valuable market .

T H E N T HU ER .

Having spoken of the Irish hunter as a h orse whi ch it is not prae t icab l e u s a a a a d for to ttempt to r ise , except , perh ps to very limite d add a is a a d egree , I will th t he one of the most highly ppreci te horses d a d and a in Englan . In type he is thoroughbre , but in size gener l conformation t h e best ones are much larger and stronger than thor N a a act is d and h is ou h b re d s . g o c rri ge ion require of him , jumping are a a d and running qualities the most essenti l fe tures , besi es his

a a - d e power to carry weight . Perh ps the h lf bre hunter combines mor h d a a an d of t e require essenti ls th n y other kin , though upon this point d f a there is a diversity of O pinion . They i fer from the Americ n thor ou ghb re d in that they have much more strength and are much larger are d a a d if very valuable . They often require to c rry ri er weigh 250 d and and a ing poun s , run jump with him for m nyhours in suc

e r a a e d a a and cession . Thes a e the qu lities th t r n er the hunter v lu ble , a all a t h e it is not infrequent th t this horse , with the qu lities of thor ou h b re d an d a a d a d 1 6 a d 2 g , in f ct lmost thoroughbre , st n s h n s inches 1 7 d O f d a d to han s high . One this kin properly tr ine to follow the hounds O ften sells to a g e ntle man of heavy weight who enjoys the chase for to a a d a a H ving s i th t horses of this type , lmost or entirely thorough d h a d d a is bre , ve been pro uce of l rge size , the question , Why this not the horse to raise high - class carri age horses from? m ay arise in the d m a a and a min s of so e . I will therefore nticip te the question nswer E 64 FO R E I G N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N H O R S S .

a a a t by s ying that this class of horses h ve poor knee c ion , which is

- a . a absolutely indispe nsable to the high class co ching horse Ag in , let m e a c ct at t h e d e a re m rk in this onne ion , th more bloo (by this is m nt d d e and d am e e a thoroughbre bloo ) the sir poss ss , the less kn e ction

c an x c in t h e as it is a e - ac t a d we e pe t progeny , w ll known f mong bree e rs of carriage horses that an infusion of t horoughbred blood is — always done at t h e e xpense of that most important qu ality high knee

e it a a c an e c t h e e d action . Henc is pl in th t we not xpe t thoroughbr to contribute much t o our co aching breed s .

- HI G H C L AS S CARRI AG E H O RS ES .

I h ave briefly mentione d a fe w of t h e classe s of horse s used in d nd d d c ab e Englan a h ave not recommen e raising horses for xport ,

r — t h e a at b e cause they a e too cheap nor hunter , bec use the present n d time we ca not successfully pro uce him .

I now c ome to treat more at length of what is known as high - class

a a a e a e d a co ch or c rri ge hors s , which h v been only inci ent lly men t ione d her e tofore . In my judgment this is the class of horse s we should attempt to a d S t a e x e rt d a r ise in the Unite tes for p , with the exception of r ft i a as a a e a . horses , I sh ll expl in h re fter In forming this opin on I h ve taken into considerat ion e very c ondition existing in the United States

f r a are h a at the present time . By a the larger number of our m res w t d a d u d e and a d a woul be c lle n r size , while it is true th t if bre to fine d a l d a u r ft horse they wou r ise a horse s itable for bus purposes , it is

a at a e d d a equ lly true th m ny of th m , if bre to the right kin of co ch a a c a d a st llion , will bring olt th t will sell for almost ouble s much for d d a im a a . a t o a a the c rri ge It is h r ly be expecte , th t with such high in

V a a as a a d ff iew , we will lw ys meet with success , there is such gre t i er a e t h e d a a ence in the m r s of Unite St tes th t there must , for a long at d ff a a a c . time le st , be gre t i eren e in their progeny This existing c d e is a ad on ition , howev r , potent one in prompting me to vise the d a d d bree ing of c rri age horses . If we succee in pro ucing the high

a - a n ac a cl ss , high cti g co h horse of the prop er size , we h ve the best uni in d a as d o a form seller the worl ; but f iling in this , we must in m ny a c are a ac e a at a inst n es , there m ny pl es for the hors s we will r ise gre ter a d n prices th n the b u s horse s of Lon on ca ever bring .

High - class carriage horses are very Scarce and always have brought d the highest price s in the general m arkets O f the worl . They must

a a c t h e a a are d a d rem in sc r e , from f ct th t they becoming more in em n e ac d h ay as people be come more we althy and require carriages . The a v d d 1 6 1 7 a d horse I h e in min shoul be from to h n s high , with fine and a e d a style high ction . Th re is no anger of getting them too l rge , t h e a can a d f a d d . if qu lity be m int ine , but this will be foun most i ficult d V a Horses of this type , in or er to bring the highest prices for ictori

e a d 1 5 a d 1 1 5 d n h fo r a d t ms , shoul be h n s inch to han s 3 i c es ; l n au ‘ am 1 5 a d 3 c 1 6 a d 1 a e a 1 6 te s , h n s in hes to h n s inch ; for b rouch te ms , H H - A A R R A E H R E IG C L S S C I G O S S . 65

d 2 1 7 d a han s inches to han s high . The l rge one s of the proper qual

are d ffi an d u ity the ones most i cult to get , conseq ently sell for the d d h . e e an a a ighest prices In br ing , therefore , especi lly on our sm ll a e e d S a a a m r s in the Unit t tes , only the l rger type co ching stal d b e e d a and lions Shoul us , but qu lity finish must in no instance be fi d s acri ce . d a a a a d a One woul n tur lly suppose th t in Engl n , where they h ve d a a d a ffi bre horses for so m ny ye rs , there woul be su cient supply of

- a a a e . are a a high cl ss c rri g horses , but there is not They sc rcer th n an d and a a are a d a d y other kin , the m in re sons of this , first , the gre t em n and d a a a a for them , secon , the f ct th t the English h ve been too e ger — to bree d a hunter that they have too much blood in their fine look

h a a . c an a ing orses to h ve ction We profit by the lesson this te ches , as a as e t a d and the m jority of our horses y h ve little bloo , by the

d c a - a d - a a ju i ious use of l rge , high cting , bree y looking co ch st llions , d a d a d a a a and we shoul be ble to pro uce goo qu lity of c rri ge horses , at least ones that will fill some of the numerous callings just below this h igh position . Diligent investigation and research h as only con d a t a d firme my former opinion in this m t er , but I must cknowle ge my d surprise at the scarcity of fine large carriage h orses in Englan . On this point I quote from an article which appeared in the Live S a a ac d 1897 tock Journ l Alm n , of Lon on , for

T here is not t h e smalle st dou bt t hat E ngland is unable at t h e pre sent t ime t o u a ua t e t h e a e o e e u ed e e nd t o sa t O f s pply q r r of h rn ss h rs s r q ir v n in Lo on , y no hing de d n t h e t e a t of e at t a . T h e ea of t t at ee o ot o h r p r s Gr Bri in r son his is , h br rs d d o ou d t e u o r a and at t e t t o o so . S e e e t e o e c e mp om br h r ghbr s , h rs h nt rs h kn ys , t e ea S e o e b ut one ee t o t r t o e e d c e e t o h rs h vy hir h rs s , no s ms y br for olor , siz , h igh , n T h e c n u ence at our e a d a nd ob a a d trot t ing power . o seq is t h gr t e lers a j m st ers a e o t o C anada e c a u t a e an and a ce w e e t e t ud h v to g , Am ri , A s ri , G rm y , Fr n , h r h y s y

n u n - n d d E n d e e t a t he a e o t t o a e e c ea e a . a bov p i s , s pply v r in r si g m n gl n is ss n i lly a din - e oduc c u t and t e e are ed t h e d na a e t ri g hors pr ing o n ry , h s br by or i ry f rm r wi h e t u t as t o at e u ed t at t e a in e n a ace e h u n so lit t l ho gh wh is r q ir h , if h y f il b i g r hors or n f h n h at t er t e are fit for t . O e o t e eat e t ot t e e e t t a e , h y no hing gr s , if gr s , mis k s

ade ee de E n a d t o - da t at t e not e e d for i e co and m by br rs in gl n y is h h y will br s z , lor , e al l t at a u t a t ou a d C a ad a and e ca e act ion . W know h bo h s n n i n Am ri n hors s fl a u d e t o our S o e e e ee . T e e are c e b o e a c c e com h r s v ry w k h s hi y y h rs s , olor m h lik nd u T e ar s a u 1 a d and a e u t a ce and e a t a t e . e a e 6 so gh f r h y r l h n s , h v s bs n l ngth , by ” n u which t hey fill t h e h arness a d make valuable animals for t own se .

a as d a and The bove must be accepted goo English uthority , conveys some idea of the scarcity of high - class carriage horses in England ; but the most exhaustive article on this subject was written recently by ’ S ir a G ilb e a d a W lter y , one of Engl n s most eminent uthorities upon a a and a a d S the subject of c rri ge horses , which ppe re in the Live tock a 1 898 Journal Alman c for . S ir W alter says

I t m a b e acce t ed as a act e a de on t a e t at at t h e e e t t e as y p f sily m s r bl , h pr s n im ,

on a t h e e t ca e e n use E a d are not e - ed for l g p s , t b s rriag hors s i in ngl n hom br produ ct s .

S . D oc . 35 M AR E T F R AM E R AN R E 6 6 FOR E IG N K S O IC HO S S .

u u at c a ca a e o e t and n o 15 and 2 nc es T hose be a tif l m h p irs of rri g h rs s , s i g fr m h s i h nd 2 ch e c are a n t h e eat e t at t act on of our We t E nd t o 16 ha s in s , whi h mo g gr s r i s s n na e o t in t h e ondon e a n are no t he E n i o e so stre et s a d fashio ble r s r s L s so , t gl sh h rs s ndl e t e t o b e t e are wi t fe w e xce t on ort at n f o many fo y believ h m ; h y , h p i s , imp io s r m

d n nt e ance e an H u n a u t a and H o and . t h e bre e i g ce rs of Fr , G rm y , g ry , A s ri , ll T hou gh t h e count rie s specifie d above are t ho se whence we O bt ain t h e bu lk o f o e ou r u c a e are n o ean e t r ct e d t o t h e e m ar O u r su perior harness h rs s , p r h s s by m s r s i s E nt e n o don de a e now a e in Am e ca C anada and ot h e ket s . rprisi g L n l rs h v ri , , r cou nt rie s t heir agent s ever on t h e ou t look for good - looking animals su it able for T h e d en on ich a e e e road work in London an d ot her large cit ie s . im si s wh h v b n d h nnu ur n L e u at t aine d by t his t rade in fore ign horse s is prove by t e a al ret s . t s u see what figure s can t ell s . We import e d

— o I n t h e t en years 1863 1872 h rse s . 1 —1 2 e I n t h e t en ye ars 873 88 hors s . 1 —1892 h o I n t h e t en ye ars 883 rse s . T h e falling O ff in t h e import at ions of t h e t en ye ars e nde d in 1892 from t h e t ot al f h e ce d decade u ffic ent re at t o n it e c t ici b u t it t o b e O t e pr ing is s i ly g i v ri sm , is feare d we m ay not l ay t h e fl at t ering u nct ion t o our sou ls t hat t h e de crease prove s f n n n u T h e e du ce d t at n O f ou r growi ng independence O co t i e t al s pply . r impor io s h e s t en e a We e due it can not b e dou t ed t o t h e de e e d c ndi t on O f t e y rs r , b , pr ss o i ade c e a ed du t at e d a de e on c ou d O f nece t t r whi h pr v il ring h p rio , pr ssi whi h w l ssi y make it self felt primarily u pon indu lgence in su ch lux u rie s as high-c lass carriage T a e x a at c re ct ee e d t o o e e x ent at ea e . t t t t hors s h his pl n ion is or s ms prov , s m l s , by t h e e t u for t h e ext ou ea 1893—1896 c e d as all no w h as wit r rns n f r y rs , , whi h p rio , k , I n h u a 1 —1 9 n we t e d ne sse d d t ct c o e c a e a . t e e 893 8 6 t e is in mm r i l r viv l fo r y rs , h , impor o e and w e a t a t h e a e a e u t t h e ea 1902 t o co et e t h e h rs s ; if m in in v r g n il y r , mpl

decade t h e t ot a for t h e cu e nt e o d of t e n ea i b e o e . , l rr p ri y rs w ll h rs s Du t h e a t six ea t o o n o u t e ac w e a e a d a a ring l s y rs , g f r h r b k , h v p i w y ( abou t on t h e average a sum of over ( abou t per annum for horse s . n all ou r do e t c an a t h e ca a e o e t and a one a co t Amo g m s i im ls rri g h rs s s l , s ly d u n and f F r reminder of neglect e O pport it y a reproach t o a race o horsemen . o t h e high- class roadst er we mu st g o t o foreign cou nt rie s in t h e re gret t able c er t a t of find t e e at we can not or at all e ent do not odu ce at o e in y ing h r wh , v s , pr h m ; and at t h e same t ime su pply t h e compet it ors of t h e Brit ish bre e der wit h t h e be st blood in t h e world t o u se for t h e pu rpose O f providing himself and u s wit h t he u a f e e e ce o t o nt n t e exa na on f most val able cl ss o horse s . R f r n t his p i i vi s mi t i o T h fo n ar h e ff a u n o f h ad f r h st at ist ics . e llowi g e t O ici l ret r s t e horse t r e o t e past fiv e years i r h r 99 96 E x ort a nd m o t o o ses 1 8 t o 18 . p p f ,

I m r . E xport . po t

Ye ar . A ve rage r m e r N u m e . u e u b val N b .

pe r he ad .

8

23 I 9

N O T E —T e se fi u re s in e t h e se llin ri e £6 t o £8 m n t u n s O f ni r h g clud g p c , , of a y ho sa d po e s f om R ussia e e n nd r a a N . , Sw d , o w y

I t b e O e e d in e a d t o t h e e x e rt s fi t t at t h e nu e of o e we will bs rv r g r p , rs , h mb r h rs s e d a ad h as e e nc ea n t eac e cu n ea and ec d a h s n bro b n i r si g wi h h r rri g y r; , s on ly , th t t e R T S E R AN D M R T S B I I H XPO TS I PO . 67

a u e h as ee dec ea in wi t e u a ce t a t i t at h e c a of an v l b n r s g h q l r in y , show ng h t l ss imal e x a i w e port is not wh t t was five ye ars ag o . e a d t h e ort it u t b e o e e d a ent etica t at 1893 was an As r g r s imp s , m s bs rv p r h lly h exce tiona ea wit h t h e exce ti n of t at t e e o t t h e annu a e u p l y r ; p o h w lv m n h , l r t rns S nce 1886 en we ecei e d o e ro a ad S a a id and a o i , wh r v h rs s f m bro , how r p lm st unif o ml t ead c ea e u t in 1896 w e u c a ed ea wice t h e nu r y s y in r s , n il p r h s n rly t mber o e we u c a e d in 1892 and at u t e as ni fica t a t cu a in of h rs s p r h s ; wh is q i sig n , p r i l rly c nect on t t h e fi u e e at n t o e x e rt s a d a e a e a e c e on i wi h g r s r l i g p , p i high r v r g pri for t hem . T h e differen ce bet we en t h e average price re ceived for ou r exp ort and t hat paid for import ed horse s would conve y a more accurat e impre ssion of t h e st at e O f affairs cou ld we elimi nat e from t h e former t h e large su ms paid by foreign g ov m n f r u r u d T h e cc f u ern e t s o o be st t horo ghbre sire s . o asional sale o s ch an animal as O rmonde for su ch a figure as mu st b e t aken int o account when con

siderin t h e a e a e ice ece ed for ex t . I n o t we are u n g v r g pr r iv por s sh r , b yi g expen sive horse s from t h e foreigner and obt aining onl y low price s for t h e se pro d u r u f d T e e a a e du ce by o vicio s syst em o bre e ing . h s ver g price s will call for n fu rt her not ice lat er o . I t m ay b e assert ed wit hou t fe ar of c ont radict ion t hat foreign carriage horse s for ye ars have be en st reaming int o t his cou nt ry t o re aliz e t h e highe st price s

t a na e na e £200 t o £300 for fir st - c a n e o e and an sum ob i bl , m ly , from l ss si gl h rs s , y £ 0 o f r r from 50 t o mat ch pai s .

ar c as d The foregoing ti le , coming it oes from the pen of one so com d and petent to write upon the subject , nee s no comment from me , I will simply add that it proves my statement concerning the demand

- a a a and a for high cl ss c rri ge horses true , th t the prices they bring , if d d a d a n the horses be of the proper kin , excee those p i for y other e a d a d a a d hors s in Engl n , except in extr or in ry c ses for spee or hunting i m n . a a a d purposes The bove t ble , show ng i ports exports of horses by a d a a a a a d n Engl n for the l st five ye rs , confirms the f ct th t Engl n is a importing n ation . The following table will Show the total number of horses imported and exported by the United Kingd om from 1 831 to 1 896

I r s n t s o h s mp o t a d exp or f or es .

H rse s H rse s H rse s H rse s o o ar o o Ye . im r e . t e e . m rt I e . po d xpo d port e d . xport e d

a C rim e n war 1 ia m ut in . a . ) Ind n y A E T R A M E R A N H R E 6 8 FOR E IG N M R K S F O IC O S S .

i r d a and a The follow ng a e the estin tions; numbers , v lues of horses exported in 1896

m e r in i n . N l u e . D e st at o u b . Va

a a a d 3 a O l d h as The cost of r ising . horse in Engl n until ye rs been a d at 1 50 200 a d variously estim te from $ to $ , ccor ing to the locality a where the h orse is kept . In my opinion the former figure is bout correct . While the statements made by Sir Walter G ilb ey are based upon O a d a d d information bt ine in Engl n , some of the con itions there apply and d to other countries , in or er not to encumber this report with repe o d t it ions e a s a . , th se f cts pplying will receive slight mention Consi er h d d a d as t h e a able Space as been evote to Engl n , situ tion there seemed

de d d a a to man it , but in the consi er tion of the present st tus of the a a horse business in other pl ces not so much sp ce will be occupied .

I N R A N E F C .

r a d Here the conditions a e much the s me as in Englan . By refer ence to the figures supplied by the United States Treasury Depart ment the number of horses France received from us in 1 897 will be

a a a . seen to be very sm ll , but these figures must not be t ken s correct S o far as the Treasury Department is concerned they m ay be accu a a c can a d r te , but in compiling st tisti s we only tr ce the horses shippe from the United S tates ports to their landing place and there all trace o r a d d of them is lost . The reason s few a e ccre ite to France is from the fact that the vessels running directly between United S tates ports and French ports are so poor in accommodations that French dealers a an n d will not p tronize them , but prefer to ship to English port a ‘ h d t so a . hen reship , even thoug the expense of oing is gre ter Thus it will be seen that while t h e statistics of our Government are correct

a are d d a in conveying the inform tion they inten e to imp rt , they must not be understood to convey a c orrect id ea of the number of horses each country mentioned actually received from us d uring the periods d given . Many of the horses shippe to English ports were fin ally sold a an d c e a d in Fr nce , Belgium , other ountries , whil m ny of those receive a a d t Belgian ports were sent to Germany . M ny shippe from the d S a a d a a Unite t tes to Germ ny were sol in Russi , but the m jority sent

d d ! a t o to Englan were sol the re . The m jority sent Germany were sold a a a d d in there , while the l rger p rt of those l n e Belgium were ulti a d a an d d m tely sol in Germ ny elsewhere after be ing fitte for sale . is a d h a d in as This especi lly true of the raft orses l n ed Belgium , will

R E N M AR E F R A M E R AN R E 70 FO IG K TS O IC HO S S .

a a a h a a Mr . Vid l lso s ys t t the tendency of the Americ n breeder , . d n d a a h as d a w ju gi g from the r ft st llions he sol for Americ , as to a a d a incre se the size of their horses without reg r to the qu lity , the c was a a a natural result of whi h rough ung inly horse , th t the people d n t a a o o . a of Fr nce like He suggests th t now , since we h ve the size , we should pay more attention to quality than we have heretofore done . The scale O f prices for similar horses seems to range about t h e a in a as d and a a a d O f h s me P ris in Lon on , pr ctic lly the s me kin orses

d a d - a a a a a seems to be in em n , the high cting c rri ge horse lw ys having a a are a a the preference . In gener l , prices in Fr nce the s me s they h ave been for ye ars . There are not as many American horses used on the omni buses of a as d am d a a P ris of Lon on , but I tol th t where they h ve been tried a they have given entire satisfaction . The verage price of the bus 20 d ar n a 0 . a e a d horses in P ris is $ Fifteen thous n now in use , t h e companies buy about annually . wi a are d a It ll be seen th t there fewer horses use in P ris omnibuses , O f a d in proportion to the size the city , th n in Lon on , but it will also O d a a t h e h as be bserve th t P ris , in proportion to size , more cabs than cab a a London . The horses of P ris come princip lly from the N orman

d a : a ad a h provinces , comprising the following ep rtments C lv os , M nc e , — nd a . d r Orne , S eine Inferieure , Eure The prices pai for them difi e

a cab d r little from the prices p id for the Irish horses of Lon on , but a e 1 25 150 a . are a some higher , being from $ to $ e ch There bout h a all d cab orses in use in P ris the time , it being estimate that there

‘ are a t h e a a as d t h e s bout s me number of c bs in Lon on ; but horses , a a are d and a a rule , not so goo , l ck much of being kept in the s me l wa w 2 cond ition as the cab h orses of the latter p ace . I s sho n 5 da h ad d horses which Mr . Vi l just importe expressly for one of the a a can cab comp nies of P ris , but I see little in it for the American d at 150 a a are a d nd bree er $ per he d in P ris , when losses sust ine a d r d a e a . freights , uties , commissions , etc . , p i d a a We will next consi er the requirements for c v lry horses in France . ! For the following figures I am indebted to Le directeur d es ” l z n d P a e a . a a . . a H r s , Mr P (in ch rge of the Government bree ing st bles) The entire number of horses in France is The entire number used for army purposes is and the number annually purchased for remounts is from to of which are

200 fi r n dd a a . di t for sa le purposes . The verage price is $ e ch The e e grades and siz es are as follows

Dragoons (5 feet inch t o 5 feet inches) Small cu irassiers (5 feet inche s t o 5 fe et 3 inche s) C u irassiers (5 fe et 3 inche s t o 5 fe et inche s) Art ill ery (5 fe et inche s t o 5 feet 3 inche s) ’ O fficers horse s (5 feet inche s t o 5 feet 5 inches)

I n c ut t h e a e 5 a c t o t h e d a was a ed . ( omp ing bov , fr n s oll r only llow ) H A I A 1 T E S IT U T ION N FR N CE . 7

The average weight which cavalry horses in France - are expected to 90 100 1 98 220 a d . d carry is from to kilogr ms , or from to poun s In or er a a and and i as m a at to sust in such weight run jump w th it , they y an d do a a d y time be require to , they must h ve strong , short b cks , goo d an a . loins , he vy muscles a e d in a a as as d M r s use the French c v lry , well horses , must be soun , d n d a b a a a d . h ve goo one , short b cks , he vy loins , strong hips , goo feet d d and a Action is not consi ere , except interfering , they must be ble

d ff r r i to gallop well . The requirements of the i erent armies a e p act a a all a i d find d c lly the s me in countries I h ve v site , but I some mounte on heavier horses than others . At the present time the French buy their army horses in the same a cab provinces th t their horses come from , using only the inferior a a d ones for the l tter purposes . Few Americ n horses have been trie a as a a in the French rmy , few h ve met the requirements , but some h ve doubtless been bought of the dealers without the officers who pur d a d and chase them knowing they were Americ n bre , in these instances m d a 1 a assure our horses h ve given entire satisfaction . At least n there have never been a y complaints .

a as all a are d In Fr nce , in other Europe n countries , horses sel om d d d d an . d weighe , never escribe by weight In escribing them their h d are a d a a eight only is mentione , but if they s i to be cert in number of meters high it is und erstood that they are uniformly built and will weigh what a horse of perfect conformation of that height should e a a d weigh . In Am ric , on the other h n , the weight is oftener spoken of a a and th n the height , but e ch custom is wrong , for if the height weight were both given one could form a much better id ea of the gen a a a a and d a er l conform tion of horse, his comp ctness , ist nce from the

d . . groun , etc , without seeing him The artillery horse in all countries is more compactly built than the a a and difi e rs a d d s c v lry horse , little from the horse I h ve escribe a t ’ being suitable for he buses . The cost of raising horses in France does not d iffer much from that ld 1 50 n a d . a a 2 a o a a d in Engl n The ctu l cost until ye rs is bout $ , from d wn w did that time on every horse is expecte to pay his o ay . If he d i h d a d a at not o th s , orses coul not be r ise in Fr nce the prices men d a a d a t ione above . Another import nt fe ture of this metho is th t by handling the horses from the time they are 2 years old they become add t o t h eir a u and gentle , which s much v l e which overcomes one of a a a a — r the worst compl ints g inst the Americ n horses which is , they a e

not broken . This is the first complaint one hears in every country a a where Americ n horses h ve been used . Other complaints urged against our horses in France are that

h are a d h t eir necks too Short , they st n with their ocks too close h r a a e . together, their ips not long enough , their b cks too long , etc , but many of these objections could be found with the horses of any

other country . R E N M AR K E T F R A M E R A N R E 72 FO I G S O IC HO S S .

While France is one of the greatest horse - producing c ountries in d h d ll t h h d s e a a e s e . the worl , oes not r ise horses nee s The Govern ment h as spent hundred s of thousands of d ollars for breeding stal

nd h r d e d lions a still continues to kee p up e bree ing stable s . B si es this sh e require s every stallion u sed as a sire to b e approve d by the Gov e rnm e nt and O t h e d commission ffers prize s to best horses . Un er this wise arrangement we find the bre eding horses of France are d ivided into four classes : (1 ) Those belonging to t h e Gove rnment ; (2) those belonging to private individuals which receive premiums from the Government on account of their breeding qualities ; (3) those which are a d an d d e d d pprove permitte to be us for bree ing purposes , but which receive no prem iums ; (4 ) those that are not approved and not t permit ed to be u sed for breeding purposes . ! a an a e d e s a a I h ve before me the nu l r port of Le Directeur H r s , a and c n all a a of Fr nce , while I a not give the st tistics rel tive to the a and a import tion export tion of horses , it is interesting from our point of Vie w to note how many more horses this c ountry imports than sh e exports . The following is the number O f h orses importe d and exported by France for the six years from 1 891 to 1 896

I m r E e r . t e . r Y a po d xpo t e d .

a are f al a 1 895 a The bove figures , which o fici , Show th t up to Fr nce d sh d 1 895 and 1896 sh e exporte more horses than e importe , but in am a imported many thousand s more than sh e exported . I not ble to learn what the values of t h e horse imports and exports of France were a d for e ch year mentione . The Government duty on horses from other cou ntries to France is 30 6 d a a a . fr ncs , or bout $ , per he

I N B E LG IUM .

Here we have a c ountry in which d ifferent conditions exist from d a a d as d d a those foun in Fr nce or Engl n , it pro uces nothing but r ft d a horses . The entire King om of Belgium comprises but squ re

sh e a - d a miles , yet is one of the gre t horse pro ucing n tions of the d a d a a d a worl . From Fl n ers we tr ce the e rliest history of the r ft an d a horse , , following their customs of e rly times , the people of Bel d d a and a a ar gium continue to bree no horses except the r ft , th t of p i u l r find a a t c a type peculiar to their own country . Hence we n tion with cavalry and artillery horses that does not produce n d a y use for the former purpose . T H E T U A T N I E G M S I IO N B L IU . 73

Belgium ne wpurchases for the remounts of her army about 800 e e a an d a a hors s per y r , while the number is not l rge the m rket is wi thin the easy re ach of the breeders of the Unit ed S tates if they see

fit to take it .

a d an f c t h e a a and an acknowl Chev lier Hen ricks , o fi er in Belgi n rmy d d a e in h is h as d d t h e e ge uthority upon hors s country , stu ie question d c d a a un er onsi eration with great care for the last few ye rs . In rece nt address he advo cate d the plan of purchasing nothing but

- American bred horses for all remounts of their army . To this gen t l em an more than any othe r one p e rson Belgium is ind ebted for her ff pres e nt e i cient record s of her draft horses . 1 have before m e a communication from the Chevalier upon the a a a n d subject of our bility to furnish the c v lry horses Belgium ee s , and c a d a t , oming s it oes from such high uthority , I quote from it a d consi erable length . The first part of the communication treats of the Sizes of horses use d for d iffe rent army purposes in Belgium ; b u t 'b e ing almost iden d n a a a d a . tic l with those of Engl n Fr nce , I omit the figures This gentleman says

T h e horse s should b e 5 ye ars O l d ; t h e Government accept s only half of t h e e 4 ea ol d b u t e e u all o e 5 e a O ld ecau e t e e can hors s y rs ; pr f rs b ying h rs s y rs , b s h s n n ’ easily t ake t he ir plac e s in t h e ra ks in five t o six mo t hs t ime . T h e weight which mu st b e c arrie d by t h e horse s (soldier and e qu ipment s ) is n 11 n nd 1 ot over 0 kilo s ; it varie s bet we e 95 a 1 0 . T h e Belgian Government pays for fre sh horse s from t o francs ; for h I 4 t e e £ 0 t o £46 . rish hors s , E very year t h e Belgian army bu ys 800 I rish h orse s for remount of t h e cavalry and f r h o t e art illery . T h e Belgian Gove rnment wou ld b e ple ased t o t rade wit h American merchant s if t h e Unit ed St at e s wou ld off er horse s of a good qu alit y at a lit t le le ss expense In ca e t h e n ent u d not e t han we g et t hem elsewhere . t his s e Gov r m wo l h sit at e t o b uy yearly a more considerable number of horse s t o increase t h e effect ive force O f ca valry .

- u d e i u doe not eed c e d e . We e t a d u de t h e na e B lg m s br ross br hors s n rs n , n r m of c - e d o e al l e chevaux de luxe de e d f r t h e u se t h e ea t ross br h rs s , hors s ( ) sign o of w l h — i n i u u n d ier c a e t at s ot o e . e e a t e . l ss s h , work ng h rs s B lgi m f r ish s only r f hors s T he y are O f t wo kinds ; t h e heavy are wh at are called Flemish or Brabant ine i ” e t h e t are t h e de e e . e u u t s e de luxe in hors s , ligh Ar nn s hors s B lgi m b ys hors s d in h N d nd n eat t a I e a a ce t e et e a a e a . I Gr Bri in , in r l n , in Fr n , h rl n s , in G rm ny

1897 e can e t h e t e d St at e e e d t e . I t , Am ri hors s from Uni s w r sol in An w rp ! ” doe s not mat t er t o Belgium Where sh e bu ys h er chevaux de luxe or fresh h t n n t a h e e t e at t h e o e t i T e a t o t o O t t ce . horses . impor p i is b in b s hors s l w s pr s e de t h e t e t h e e e c t h e I t e t h e e eat B si s yp of fr sh hors , whi h is rish yp , hors s in gr r h un nd o demand in Belgium a e t e h t ers a t h e coach h rse s . n a e t at t h e e a e ent u d e it s a it u t ant I c s h B lgi n Gov rnm wo l mobiliz rmy , m s w in I u d e t a a t addl e a few days a gre at number of horse s . t sho l c r inly w n s horse s T h a ou t h e a e I t a as e u and e d at e . e t t e e t imm i ly m r of r m n s is s m in ly in B lgi m , t he Unit e d S t at e s is sit uat ed t o se cure t h e monopoly of supplying horse s for t h e I arrh t alian y ,

h a Commenting briefly upon t e remarks of the Chev lier , I will say that they Show a d isposition to use our horses for cavalry purposes in 74 R E G N M AR E F O R AM E R C AN R E FO I K TS I HO S S .

nd d d a r Belgium , a that the frien ly spirit will oubtless be fully pp e ciat ed by every American breeder of h orses and by our people in general . The horses that Ireland is now furnishing Belgium for h e r army are the largest and very best grad es of the class heretofore mentioned as a d being furnished by that country to supply the c bs of Lon on . Thus the horses Belgium gets are practically the same as those used in ’ a d Engl n s army . The artillery horses used in the Belgian army come chiefly from

d and are a low- d ad wi d the Ar ennes , own , powerfully m e horse , th goo and d a a w t bone goo ction . These the Belgi n people ill continue o supply . a d a a can a a H ving foun pl ce where we sell few horses to the rmy, it now remains to consid er whether the price paid justifies our raising nd a them , a whether the Belgi n people will soon be in a position to produce their o wn cavalry horses at less money than they can pur a ch se them elsewhere . The prices now p aid for cavalry and artillery h orses in Belgium ’ are 200 230 a and can O fii c r from $ to $ e ch not be more , except for e s f a a horses , which the o ficers , if ble , usu lly purchase themselves . The general prices for horses in Belgium h ave ranged h igher for t h e last few years than for a long time ; and while this m ay be difficult for d S a d a d bree ers in the United t tes to un erst n , the situation will be more easily comprehend ed when we consider the great cost of raising horses and a a a h in Belgium , the further f ct th t the United S t tes as in the p ast d f cut no figure in the h orse t ra e O the continent . A careful perusal O f this report will show what kind of horses each country mentioned and a d S a h as buys from the other , th t the Unite t tes never been con d a si ere a factor in the business . The cost of pasture in Belgium ranges from $ 6 to $ 9 per month ; h a 12 1 5 t e n and c at s 50 60 y is worth $ to $ per , from to cents per a d a a h bushel . The estim te cost of r ising orse in Belgium until he is

4 a O ld 300 350 a for and a r ye rs is from $ to $ , if well c red , the l tter figu e ll d is a the horse is worth for common work when mature . Accepting as a these figures correct , it will be seen th t no profit could inure to the raisers of h orses in Belgium under the conditions existing in the d d are h Unite States ; but the con itions not the same . In Belgium t e at 1 old nd colt is broken to work 8 months , a from that time on h e is a h d h i w expected to e rn his living by the work e oes for s o ner . At a e a d d a at 200 225 and h this g goo r ft colt will sell from $ to $ , as it as not a h im a a e a h cost this much to r ise to th t g there is still profit , t ough a a wh o a a h h not l rge one , left to his owner, inv ri bly sells him if e as i not work for h m .

B a d a - ma a a elgium being r ft horse country exclusively , it y ppe r a a a h d are d a str nge th t most of the Americ n orses sol there r ft horses .

h and du e a a Be This , owever , is true , is to the f ct th t the lgians will buy a d raft horse because they are familiar with h im and because T H E T A I N E G M 75 SI U TION B L IU .

h d h th ey kn ow t ere is always a emand for this class of orses . They n a and h k ow how to f tten prepare this horse for other markets , whic d o nd h d o a is just what they , a t en sell him again . They not use m ny

O f a d a a r the Americ n r ft horses th t a e sent to them . They like their n d ar own type better , a while most of the American horses which e

a a . sent to Germ ny rem in there , the reverse is true of Belgium The majority of the light horses sent to B e lgium remain ; but when it a d a a comes to the selection of r ft horse for his own use , the Belgi n h as his own ideas and selects one after the type h e is most familiar a as a a a S S with , the s me the Englishm n n tur lly likes the hire , the cotch m n d nd d a h i wn a a a s o . the Cly e , the Frenchm n the r ft horse of country Thus we se e that while our statistics Show Belgium to have received a a h was a a O f horses from us l st ye r, t ere but sm ll per cent them h a . e a a used in th t country S sells the l rgest number to Germ ny , while n d a a nd many go to France a a few even to It ly . Th t both Germany a France get many more of our h orses than our reports show are shipped there direct is patent from the number given by their own statistics . T h e above facts Show that the United St ates can raise draft horses x e rt at a as a a a O f for e p profit , but I sh ll Spe k of this fe ture horse d n ot d bree ing later will iscuss it now . Wh at h as been said about carriage h orses in other countri es is a a d applicable to Belgium . This country m kes no ttempt to pro uce h as h and at h a them , but ere elsew ere they sell better igher prices th n h as a d a d any other kind . From what been s i bout the cost of pro uc ing h orses in Belgium it will be seen that those which mature earliest d are the most profitable for the Belgian breeder . The cost of fee ing is so great that h e must raise a horse that will be ready to pay his way d a a as a d t at the earliest possible ay . C rri ge horses rule woul not a t h e a e 18 a d o and h a g of months be ble to this , ence to r ise them in d d h Belgium will cost even more than to pro uce the raft orse . While Belgium invites us to supply h er with carriage and cavalry h d d a h h s e a a . orses , gu r s with je lousy her pro uction of dr ft horses S e a d a a a us and a d m kes no iscrimin tion g inst , however ; if we r ise goo wi a h a horses they ll sell to advant ge . Belgium will ever ve the a a a d a h a h er dv nt ge , however , of pro ucing orse th t own people like d a b etter than ours , but for the imme i te profit there is in it she will d h a and a h t ake our raft orses , keep them for time , then p ss t em on d t o Germany an other countries . a a In Belgium , as in other countries , the first thing one he rs is th t a d O ur horses are too Wi ld and too h ard to break . This is e sily un er stood when we consider that in Belgium the colt is almost a member f h a d and a O t e family from the time he is fo le , th t he is broken to 18 work and handled like a d og from the time h e is months old .

Th is is true to some extent in all the horse - producing Countries of and a a a h ar a a Europe , fully expl ins the re son of the compl int we e g inst

h h a and a r a . t e Ameri can orse , th t he is wild h rd to b e k 76 R E G N M AR E T F o R A M E R I C A N H R E FO I K S O S S .

To Show how the Belgian Governm e nt is protecting her draft - h orse d d a a all d bree ing in ustry , I will st te th t bree ing stallions in Belgium

a d r must be pprove by a Government commission . They a e only a d a at a an d m a pprove for one ye r time , while they y continue to be a d a a a a a a a pprove for m ny ye rs , they must p ss their nnu l ex min tions , w as ill more fully appear hereafter . S tallions in Belgium d o not a a t h e c as a a tr vel bout ountry in Fr nce , but their territory is usu lly d d a are a d circumscribe by the ep rtment in which they pprove . These ” d a are d d d a d and ep rtments sub ivi e into rron issements , here the d approve stallions meet to contest for annu al prizes . The first prize

a a d e d a 4 a O l d i 1 20 nd t h e d 100 w r to st llions ye rs s $ a Secon prize $ .

The first - prize winners at these concours or fairs of the d ifferent ” arrondissements then meet at another place in the province to a a a d compete for other prizes , those of the first qu lity being w r ed 1 are all n anothe r premium of $ 60 . These the prizes the horses ca at 4 a O ld 5 a O f a e a a receive ye rs , but when ye rs g fresh honors w it them d if again approve by the Government commission . The commission

a a 5- a - old a h selects cert in number of ye r horses in e ch province , whic a a d d and a a d a 200 number v ries ccor ing to the nee s , w r s them e ch $ per year for five years ; but the horses must p ass their regular examina d ad an a o ff a a an b . a tions e ch ye r , if from y c use will be cut After stallion h as drawn this pension or premium for five years he m ay still d a a d d d d be approve from ye r to ye r in efinitely , while he is consi ere goo a and d a a a for sire , r w from the Government v rious sums , r nging from

$60 to $1 50 per year . There are four places appointed in the Kingd om for the meeting of d stallions that are over old and h ave won first prizes . The King om d d d d an d a is ivi e into these istricts for convenience , the st llions from a them meet at their respective places in July of e ach year . At e ch of these meetings four prizes of $300 e ach are award ed the four best a a 1 6 add a 300 a st llions , thus m king ition l prizes of $ e ch , or h more in prizes which t e Government pays . Anyone parting with his a a and horse before the expir tion of the ye r forfeits his prizes , thus the Government makes it d iffi cult an d e xpensive for anyone to buy and take away the stallions which it wants for breeding purposes at home .

I N G E R M A N Y .

In importance as a market for our horses Germany ranks next to a and a d Great Brit in , in spe king of it we come to consi er one of the

- a d largest horse prod ucing countries in the world . Especi lly is it note a d a fin d a for its lighter types ; but notwithst n ing this f ct , we th t Ger

- many is one of the largest horse importing nations .

- d can d o If the gre atest horse pro ucing countries not , or not , supply d a d a are d o their own home em n s , wh t we to expect from those which not produce horses at all? When I speak of the production of horses as d d a I me an large , useful horses , istinguishe from sm ll , inferior ones , or ponie s .

R E N M AR E T F O R AM E R AN R E 78 FO IG K S IC HO S S . elegant stable in Berlin wi th a view of h andling American horses a a O f exclusively . They h ve buyers in the princip l cities the United d d o m d d an . a States , their own importing To them I in ebte for much i a and saw a a d d c nform tion , I in their st bles sever l hun re Ameri an h h d d d a e ll d h orses whic a lan e rece ntly . They h v a kin s from the w d Kentucky thoro ughbred to the draft horse . I as surprise to see so many horses of light types in a country where the carriage horse and a h ad d a a a cav lry horse been bre lmost exclusively for so m ny ye rs , and still more astonished When told that the lighter or carriage types d sold even in G erm any better than the raft types .

all at a an d d - d This firm sells horses public uction , goo low own 225 N blocky draft horses were bringing about $ each . ice smooth

and d a a a c poun horses , of c rri ge type , bring the s me pri es , but the best d raft horses an d the better class of the lighter horses ! ” 250 300 w - d ll at a . as a were se ing from $ to $ e ch I shown low own ,

a - d a - d - ad a d a a O f a he vy muscle , he vy bone , well m e , bl ck r ft te m , r ther a a h ad d 600 and d d superior qu lity , th t sol for $ woul be use for heavy work in the city on the truck or wagon of some large firm . The bus h orses of Berlin come mostly from Denmark and are very a a d d simil r in conform tion to the bus horses use in Lon on , though a a r not so uniform . ! uite number of Americ n horses a e now used

a a and are on omnibuses in Berlin with entire s tisf ction , becoming popular . T h e cl ass O f horses that the United States is now sending to t h e different European markets suits much better than those form erly is d ue a a a d sent , which perh ps to the f ct th t the importer better un er d d a d of a stan s the em n s his customers th n formerly , but however th is m ay be the horses now sent are fast redeeming the reputation of a was a a the Americ n horse , which most unf vor ble for some time , on account O f the very inferior animals sent to the different European countries when the business of exporting horses from the United d S tates first assumed importance . The prices pai by the bus com a 1 75 200 d panics of Berlin for their horses r nge from $ to $ per hea . a as a a a h In Germ ny , elsewhere, we he r the gener l compl int t at our

are and are a a ad h d horses not well enough broken , we g in monis e that we must raise a horse on short legs if we would have him command a d a a a a n goo price . The Americ n horse cclim tes quickly in Germ ny a d d d h as good en urance . The firm above mentione says the United

States is to - d ay furnishing the best horse for the price that can be d and a d ffi bought anywhere in the worl , th t the worst i culty they x i a all e perience s in getting the proper kind f st enough , princip y on account of the poor Shipping facilities to German ports The American horses can not at this time be sold to the armies of a are d a d a ad a a Germ ny , but there other em n s th t it is more v nt geous a d d a to su pply . The firm bove mentione assure me th t if shipping facilities were right so they could get t h e h orses as they needed them h d a t o ll 1898 d ra h d t ey woul be ble se in ft orses , me ium, R A 79 HOR SE S I N P US S I .

- - d a o e and a a . well shape , gener l purp se hors s , c rri ge horses They a e a began their present business only l st Decemb r , h ving just com

l et ed e a an d d 300 a . p th ir st bles , in one month sol Americ n horses T h e cab e an d e a t h e hors s of Berlin oth r l rge cities in Empire. come

a and are t h e a a a from Prussi , inferior nim ls of th t country , not fit for h are and a army u se . T ey too low in price too inferior in qu lity to d d a a a intere st the American bree ers . One in ic tion th t the Germ ns like our horses is the fact that nearly all we import to that country a and as a d a find wa re m in there , , before st te , m ny their y to the Ger d e m an marke ts after being land ed at other ports . This is evi nt from the fact that our Gove rnm e nt reports Show Germany to have taken 1 895 a a from us in but horses , while the Germ n ye rbook for that year Shows she r e c eived d uties p aid on American hors e s num bering being more than we give Ge rmany credit with that d d a all year . The uty impose by the Germ n Government on foreign

20 a a 5 ad . horses is m rks , or bout $ per he

e n d e 1 895 sh e e d While G rma y importe ov r in , export but

I shall not o c cu py much space in commenting on the cavalry horses a a are c a d and a of Germ ny , except to st te where they pur h se the ver T h e d a a e age prices paid for the m . escription of the c v lry hors s of Eng d a and a a nd i lan , Fr nce , Belgium subst nti lly correspo s with the requ re a a can a are ments of Germ ny , but from wh t I le rn they using in the a a a a d d latter pl ce , for their light c v lry , little lighter horse then is esire a a a a d in other countries , though the he vier c v lry of Germ ny is mounte on horses that have few equals for that purpose in the world . The most of the cavalry horses in the German army come from east and

a a and . west Prussi , some coming from H nover Holstein a a d The Prussian horse is not l rge horse , but is possesse of much

d and s d S a - en bloo , if the weight given me by the Unite t tes consul g eral at Berlin are correct the h Orse s are lighter in weight than those n used for the same purposes in the other cou tries I have mentioned .

I am ind ebted to the consul - general for a copy O f the consular

t 1 897 : repor for , from which I quote briefly

d r l d n x a 4 T h e e u c a e ae e e a 3 ea O o e ce t ea . T h e hors s p r h s g n r lly y rs , ly p ion lly y rs former remain one ye ar at t h e remount s depot s before t hey are t u rne d over t o t h e '

e u a e v ce . O fli cers as a u e b u e ast u an o e t o e wh o can r g l r s r i , r l , y Pr ssi h rs s ; h s ff d i u E n d d T h e e t u an o e ri n o 225 t o a or t b y glish bloo e st ock . b s Pr ssi h rs s b g fr m $ r u n 6 a and e a d 340 . T e e e e a e o t at a a e 5 t o e t e $ h s , how v r , b gh g of from y rs , w ll r in , e specially since t h e Pru ssian horse is h ardly fit for u se before it s sixth year is

conclu de d . E and I e c are ou t a e H a u are wi n t o nglish rish hors s , whi h b gh l rg ly in mb rg , , o g t h e ri ch er nourishment which t he y re ce ive on t heir nat ive past u re s in t heir oun e ea fit u se at t h e a e of 4 t o 5 e a and are e e u sh and y g r y rs , for g y rs , l ss n rvo s , y , T h I h e e a e de u nd excit able t han t h e Pru ssian animals . e rish horse is t si st t o ri er al l c cu t ance t h e ea e e n u ent n it a ca e and e ir ms s , rly whol som o rishm givi g lm r mor do cile t emper . I h ave reason t o believe t h at under t h e name of Irish st ock many American o e are s d in a as e e t on e of t e c e e e e h rs s ol H mburg , th d scrip i giv n h m los ly r s mbl s F R E I N K E T F O R A M E R AN R E 80 O G MAR S IC HO S S . t h e e ca e and a t e e are t ed i t H a u b u t are Am ri n hors , m ny of h s impor n o mb rg , seldom ment ioned by dealers t here as Ameri can st ock .

T h e average price paid by the German Gove rnment for army horses 140 1 60 and a varies . For artillery , from $ to $ , for the regul r remounts 200 a of the cavalry about $ . The Germ n Government reserves the first right to select its cavalry and artillery horses from the countries h d so a within the Empire t at pro uce them , th t other n ations must take what is left . a a h can a d a as a d In e st Prussi orses be r ise very che p , the l n is not nd n d a a dear a only fit for pasture , a the horses th t bring low price l are not broken at a l when the Government gets them .

a as h h - a a a In Germ ny , elsew ere , the igh cl ss c rri ge horse is the one and a a d a that sells best is the sc rcest , notwithst n ing the Germ n people a a a a have been breeding this horse for ye rs . The l rge c rri ge horses d h a an d a d c r come from Ol enburg , w ile H nover Holstein lso pro uce a riage horses of a lighter type . There is such a range in prices of carriage horses in Germany that d an a a a a it woul be impossible to form ccur te estim te of their v lue , d d d d a a a a a a since so much epen s upon in ivi u l qu lity , ppe r nce , ction , d 300 500 a . a a etc . , as before st te F rmers usu lly get from $ to $ for d a d d d a h goo ones , ccor ing to the number of the esire qu lities the orses h d a h as a d a nd possess , but w en the e ler properly m tche up pair a h d d a all d an le them for short time they sell for kin s of prices , just n a O f ar as in England a d elsewhere . M ny these horses e sent e ach ” ye ar to Paris and a large number of t he best actors are sold at a d high prices in Italy . The large l n au teams bring the highest nd a a n as a prices a the brough m te ms ext , is the c se in the London market . a d Except in the Gr nd Duchy of Ol enburg , the Government buys all ‘ the horses that are used for breeding purposes and d istributes d d a a them throughout the bree ing istricts , t king c re to select for each p articular district the h orse possessing the peculiar type best d a h e suite to the loc lity where is sent . d alli are n d d d a In Ol enburg the st ons ow e by in ivi u ls , but must be approved by the Government commission if used for breeding pur and G a a d poses , here the overnment w r s prizes to the best . The cost of prod ucing horses in Germany d oes not d iffer much a a and a d a a from th t in Fr nce Engl n , except th t it is somewh t less in

! a d d Prussia, where much of the l n is goo for nothing but pasture .

d and a h owe ve r . wh ere a In Ol enburg H nover , , the l rger typ es are a d a a as a d and r ise , the cost is bout the s me in Engl n , here the colts d are al l at 2 a not kept for bree ing purposes put to work ye rs of ag e .

I N R I A A N D I T A L Y USS .

I have considered the c ondition of the Ameri can horse trade in the a h h we are b four most import nt countries to w ic now exporting , ut R E I N R A A D T A 1 HO S S USS I N I LY . 8

! are c I d a and there other countries whi h I must mention nci ent lly, e r nd h nd a e a a a . as an a a a thes Russi It ly The former immense c v lry , d a h a no goo horses with which to supply it . While Russi s one of a a a d sh e h as it d the l rgest c v lry equipments in the worl , mounte on h e e f d d t poor st horses . S ome e forts h ave been ma e of late to bree up the horses of Russia so as to rend er them more suitable for cavalry

. as e h as ad and c purposes But yet littl progress been m e , the ountry is so large an d the horses so very inferio r that it will take many a a an a ye rs to m ke y ppreciable progress or improve ment . T h e ff h n o w d d i Orlo horse , whic is pro uce in some port ons of Russia, d h i in a a a . s is not goo c v lry orse He too light weight , too long in the a h as and a u a h a a b ck , Sloping hips , l cks the s bst nce t t is bsolutely d a t h e a a d a a . e e n cess ry to goo c v lry horse He is short ribb , n rrow in

a and nd ar a a fl nk , light in the bone , a while some e rem rk ble for their

d r a e as . spee , they , a rule , very poor cavalry horses h h a a This , owever, is the best orse for th t purpose th t the country afi ord s as a are and d a , the Coss ck horses mere ponies woul h ve no d chance whatever against the b est cavalry horses of the present ay . a a a at Russi now buys her c v lry horses home , except the horses for ‘ fii r h d : d o ce s . S e a her oes this for two re sons First , She is compelle and d sh e a a h d to ; , secon , is nxious to encour ge orse bree ing in her wn o u i d and O c ntry . This s a great fiel for the American horse , sooner i fi a a d or later h e w ll nd it . The peculi rity of the Russi n people ren ers d f d d a a it i ficult to Ship the horses there irect , but their e lers h ve d d alrea y commence the shipment of American horses from Berlin , nd r ac a a e much please d with them . Berlin seems to be the cepted d t n a n d d istribu i g point for th t country , a the question will oubtless a d d o a a rise in the min s of some , Why they not purch se horses in e st nd a e a a a a west Prussi , wher the Germ n Government gets its c v lry remounts? The answer is that the German Governme nt reserves a a and a the right to select wh t horses it w nts first , those it le ves r n a e only fit for cabs a d work of like character . Thus it will will be seen that the Russian m ay as well be content with his O rl ofi h orse in preferenc e to the one he would get in Germany at anything like a reasonable figure . h a a a d T e Russi n Government is buying st llions in Belgium , Engl n , a and so a Germ ny , other places to improve its horses , but gre t is the t ask that it will be long in accomplishing it . e a d a b e d T h dem n for our horses there , which will perh ps first shippe a a a ad t h e t o Germ ny , must h ve potent influence on the export tr e of d S a t d a d a Unite t tes a no ist nt y . h What as been said of Russia can also be said of Italy . This d and d d country pro uces no horses worth mentioning , epen s on Ger

h r n a a many for e carriage horse s a d on Hungary for her c v lry horses . a d e d and Hung ry pro uces a light , n rvous horse with much bloo , not a e on i just what is re quire d for cavalry purposes . It ly requir s a c s d 35 6 S . Doc . E 82 FOR E IG N M A R KE T S F O R A M E R IC A N HOR S S .

h r a a and d at e rab l e number of horses for e cavalry e ch ye r , we shoul h e r a sh e n d as can the pre sent time be furnishing wh t ee s , we furnish h er a better horse than sh e is now buying elsewhere .

A R Y SUMM .

It must be apparent from t h e above facts that few nations prod uce

r ll u s and a are at horse s that a e at a suitable for general e , th t none the prese nt time raising al l O f the kind s or the number the y require a d a d for their own uses . It must lso be remembere th t this con ition can not change quickly , as but few countries are so Situate d geograph

ll d e a a d d ica y as to ren er th m c p ble of pro ucing goo horses , however a a e a d o h ard they m ay try . The n tur l nvironments h ve much to with h d e and are all e fi ort s t e evelopment of hors s , if these not right must prove futile . T h e a and figures I h ve given , showing the present imports exports

- d a O f d and t h e c of the greatest horse pro ucing n tions the worl , pri es a d difi e re nt a d d cert in kin s of horses bring in the countries llu e to , nd d d afford the best possible criterion of the supply a eman . I have not only tried to give an accurate id ea of what horses are d ff a d as worth in the i erent countries , but h ve trie well to Show what d nd a d a a . e ach is pro ucing , bout wh t is the cost of pro uction This decid es the further question whether the present demand is tem

orar an d are a p y, whether or not the countries which now t king our horses will be able soon to produce them cheaper than we can supply them . are al l a and a d These questions import nt , if correctly nswere will

d - d she much light upon the horse exporting in ustry of the future . There is little d oubt that France and Germany will continue to raise a m a all O f a a and a d m a the gre t jority if not their c v lry horses , Irel n y continue to supply the few that England need s ; b ut the reader h as not failed to notice the many places pointed out where our horses can be supplied for civil uses at much greater profit than when sold to t h e arm ies of these countries . I have given the approximate cost of raising horses in several and a a c countries , it will be seen th t there is no country th t an produce d a a a a d the same kin of horse s che ply s the Unite States . In such c ases as that of Ireland furnishing the cab horses of England and a a a a a the c v lry horses of Gre t Brit in , or Prussi supplying the cavalry e and cab a at a hors s horses of Germ ny , price below which we could a u s a and furnish them , they h ve left better more profitable market

- d can a and can for higher price horses , which we r ise , we therefore well d affor to lose the cheaper markets .

With the exception of Belgium , every country I have mentioned a e ma a imports more horses th n it xports . This y seem str nge , in view

O f the fact that I have spoken of the greatest horse - producing coun d tries of the worl , but the fact remains . M M A Y 83 S U R .

a as a d In the case of Belgium it m tters little , she is istributing point for our draft horses and offers to buy our cavalry horses from us . It is worthy of comment that in every country whe re I h ave m ade investigations I have invariably been told that no horses sold so

- ad a as a ca a rs . re ily , nor brought such l rge prices , high cl ss rri ge ho es

a d ? a . Are we prep re to raise them I nswer , Yes It is true , we will a a a a a d not lw ys tt in perfection , but we h ve the best con itions for pro

- n d d u cing a h igh acting carriage horse O f a y country in the worl . d a and a a Ri ch , nutritious foo is very che p , in cert in p rts of the

United States we can d evelop carri age horses with assured success . a a I have s aid that too much blood spoils the action . This is inv ri bly a d a d true , but in our country we h ve finely forme m res with goo action and plenty of nerve without any thoro ughbred blood in their

a a fine - d a veins . If we use the proper kind of l rge , ctive , style co ch s tallions as sires and d o not succeed in producing what we want in

wa a - a a a are so a a the y of high cting c rri ge horse , there m ny pl ces for the horse we will produce that we can not make a mistake . I would not be und erstood as in any sense discouraging the breeding d a d n O f d raft horses . I have attempte to show th t goo ones sell in a y a and h as a a d a a d m rket , where one l rge , he vy r ft m res they shoul be d a d a d a and a bre to low , blocky r ft horse of goo qu lity , more ttention d d d a d a a . a a shoul be p i to qu lity th n to Size Remember , goo r ft and a horse must be on Short legs , his bone should be cle n but large d if he is to bring a goo price . a a a d d o d Those who h ve sm ller m res woul better , in my ju gment , d d a d not to breed them to raft h orses . It is true r ft horses woul a a a h d incre se the size , which is very import nt , but the ex ct finis require d a a d d d d woul be l cking , n the horse pro uce woul not bring the price

d d - h e a a a a a . woul if sire by l rge , high cting co ch st llion I have pointed out the faults of our horses as suggested to me by

a a a a are Europe n buyers , but the gre test compl int is th t they so

. a and poorly broken This is the first criticism one he rs , while I am aware that we can not handle our horses as the people of Belgium d o can a a a d and theirs , we bre k them better th n we h ve one not permit them to run wild in the fields without being halter - broken until the d a ar d r y we e to eliver them to the buyer . People in Europe a e not d d and a a i and d use to our metho , bec use horse is w ld frightene they a d a reg r him s vicious . a n a Horses for r cing purposes , either trotting or ru ning , h ve not d e d as d a d is a been consi er , the em n for them in Europe exception l and a and d o a d as not gener l , I not reg r them the best horses for the d a d or in ry bree er to raise for export . It will also be observed that the prices paid for good horses in d ifferent a are a a and a d Europe n countries bout the s me , in e ch one visite I m ade special inquiry as to whether prices h ad declined any within t h e a a and h l st five ye rs , learned that t ey remained the same with 4 R E N A R E R A M E R AN H R E 8 FO IG M K T S F O IC O S S .

x c e e e a e ad a e d the e eption of Belgium , wh r th y h v v nc within the last e thre years .

a e a d a e ac e a a Wh tever hors we r ise , be it r ft , hunt r , co h r , c v lry , or d d h i d other kin , he shoul b e on short le gs ; have s height in the epth O f h i d nd i d s a h s e . e a a bo y not in l gs In oth r wor s , r ise high horse d . a a a on short legs Also remember th t , wh tever kin he is , his b ck d s houl b e short .

T a a d d d o a a a his rule lw ys hol s goo , but by it I not me n to r ise t h d r a . e b e e a e lly short horse Let horse of goo l ngth , but h ve his O d and a ad a blique shoul ers his long , str ight hips inste of his b ck

e and c n . supply it . Observ these rule s you a not go wrong The prese nt shipping rates from N e w York to London by the new

modern vessels of the Wilsons and the Furne ss - Leyland lines are as

: £5 l 0 d d d nd s . a a a a c follows , to inclu e freight , fee , tten nce , insur n e , a a a a O f £25 ad a d a the l tter risk , on v lu tion per he , to termin te ten ys ’ £5 2 6 d . d d d a a a a S . a a fter ste mer s rriv l ; to inclu e freight , fee , tten nce , and s a a a a a Of £25 ad in ur nce , the l tter risk , on v lu tion per he , to termi n £4 7 6d d nd a e a a e S . . e e e e a te on hors s w lking shor ; , to cov r fr ight , f , a d tten ance only . S hipping rates from Montre al to Lond on are practically the same as

a as are a e and a . a a bove , lso those to Brem n H mburg In the l tter c ses ,

h a 25 ad and a 4 e r owever , the shipping r te is $ per he , insur nce costs p ’ c a a d t h e ma a a as as ent on the mount c rrie , co p ny s li bility ce sing soon

! t h t d info r e horses walk ashore a port of estination . From the best

1- a a a e a e a e a e a 3 m tion att in bl , I estim t the loss in shipping to v r g bout

per cent . is d a de a It , of course , not expecte th t the bree r will be ble to sell d e c as a are b e a a d his horses ir t to Europe himself, m ny things to rr nge e can b e d and e a befor this one , the export r who ships them in l rge

numbers can d o S O mu ch c heape r than the person who ships but a few .

t h e a h d d It is intention of the bove report , owever, to in uce the bree er a a ad and at to r ise horses th t will more re ily sell , better prices , to his d h d and a a . a loc l e ler for export The exporter s much to conten with ,

h i r s e xpense s a e large . His horses must be kept for some time

e can a e a - a d and befor they be put in sh pe to s ll , fter their h r trip , some O f d d them will be foun to improve slowly . If, however , the bree er a d e can a a d will r ise the right kin of horses , the export r p y him goo price for them and still have left for himself a reasonable profit to l h n d a a l is e e a . p y for troubl , tim , risk

R O M A R K E XP O R T O P H O R S E S F O M T H E C H I C A G E T .

i I l e t e m e r 3 R e rt O f I ns e t r Wil iam A . Brue t t e t e C l . [ po p c o l , da d h cago , , S p b ,

! S I R : I herewith beg leave to submit the following report o n t he export horse trad e at this point : The exporting of horses h as bee n going on from this point (Chicago)

A E 86 F O RE I G N M R K TS F O R A M E R IC AN HOR SE S .

a r d d and gait . Horses of this char cter a e use on the Lon on omnibuses a a d a and a e n tr mw ys , express or elivery w gons , by the Germ ns for g 0 1 5 d k a 8 3 . a a eral purposes . Present prices r nge from $ to $ Engl n t es 60 a 20 and a and a 10 per cent , Germ ny per cent , Fr nce Belgium e ch per cent . 4 T he d a d ( ) r ft horse weighs from to poun s , blocky ad d and e d and e e d m e , goo bone , well muscl put togeth r , smoothly finish ,

d a and d and a first - cla e e e e c goo qu lity isposition , ss horse in v ry r sp t ; e d are d must be well broke n and tractable . Hors s of this buil use for

a an d d a and a 1 6 e r ce he vy truck work r ying , constitute bout p nt of our d nd ar e d d a e a . exports . They e us in the Unite King om G rm ny They are S d d a e N a c e by hire or Cly es le sires , som orm n or Per h ron , out of

- - h d one half or thr ee fourths bred mares of t e same bree ing .

(5) The American trotter must be a high - bred horse with good bone an d a d l a and c d subst nce , finely finishe , p enty of ction , ni e isposition . e d c h e a and The mor spee , the higher pri e will bring , qu lity size being d d 200 consi ere . The prices range from $ to This style O f e d a a d a e and a a hors is use in Germ ny , Engl n , Fr nc , Austri for r cing nd d d d d - a roa riving . There is a eman from Mexico for well matched

a c a a d e are d te ms of this l ss , weighing bout poun s , wher they use a a a 2 for carriage work . Horses of this ch r cter constitute bout per cent of our export trade .

' There are no horses purchased in t h is market particularly for cav alr and a a e c d y purposes , no such cl ssific tion or type is r ognize , but it a e so am m d a is quite prob bl , I infor e by exporters , th t numbers of a d as cab b e rs d d those horses purch se , when resol in the Lon on or

a a are a d a r Continent l m rkets , purch se by represent tives of Eu opean powers for military purposes . In add ition to the countries mentioned there is a small d emand from Guatemala and Central America for light drivers an d carriage : d d a and a an a v . a te ms , from Cub for mules che p ri ers A tri l ship O f 80 e a a S ment horses is now on the oc n for C pe Town , outh Africa, and experimental shipments will shortly be mad e to the Hawaiian a d a d at Isl n s . All p rties intereste in the horse business this point d isplay a very aggressive spirit in enlarging their scope of e xport . business .

I have been unable to obtain sufficient d ata to enable me to state . r d a a n positively where these horses were b e , but , from gener l inspectio and d a d a and of the books recor s at the S tock Y r s Comp ny , interviews with experienced and conservative commission men who are familiar a a a a d at with the m rket , I estim te th t the horses purch se for export this market were d erived about as follows : 36 per cent are bred in a 34 7 d a a 5 Iow , per cent in Illinois , per cent in In i n , per cent in Ohio , 5 5 a 3 per cent in Missouri , per cent in Minnesot , per cent in Wis

2 c and 3 c ca . consin , per cent in Kentu ky , per ent s ttering

e e a s d e e e All hors s for xport tion mu t be perfectly soun , fr from bl m E X O R T O F H R E R H A P S O S S F OM C IC G O . 8 7

d e as as and 5 7 a O ld ishes , in goo fl sh , smooth possible , from to ye rs , in orde r to command the best prices Drivers and coach horses must be broken to both single and d ouble

a e cab b e rs a . and d h rn ss , to single h rness The bus raft horses sell

e d - l satisfactorily if brok n to ouble harness . Four year O d horses sell

' 1 5 20 r 5- from to pe cent lower than year O lds . These horse s are Shipped from here to N e w York or other Atlantic a a ac a d a 20 a ports in priv te p l e horse c rs , hol ing usu lly horses , e ch a a a a a a e a a d a d nim l h ving sep r t st ll , one tten nt being allowe to e ach

r are d e e d N w d d ca . e an e They liv re in York City proper, riv n through the streets to the steamer . The time on the road is from sixty to and t h e 120 e r car a ad a seventy hours , expense is $ p for the r ilro ch rges ,

n 10 a a a car. d a d $ extr for the p l ce This rate oes not include feed . On the steamer the time required for transportation between N e w

and d e e and - a d a d d York Lon on is from ten to el v n one h lf ys , epen ing e a and T h e a on the time of y r stress of weather . r te is per 20 d a a a . i head . To Continent l ports the r te is $ per he This s for T h e e an a . a d a bar tr sport tion shipper must furnish his own tten nts , d a a d e d d e t c . a an foo , One tten nt is c rrie fr e to every twenty horses ,

- d t a return trip ticket furnishe him in the s eerage . The loss on the l d 2 steamer from a l causes is un er % per cent . The rate O f insurance 4 5 a d a a d a is from to per cent , ccor ing to r ting of ste mer, estin tion , and time of ye ar . At the above rate the horses are insured und er the full mortality and d an a a e e risk , if the horse ies from y c use wh tever , wh th r by stress

a a d . al u o f sea or from n tur l causes , the shipper is reimburse The v a 100 1 50 tion is g enerally from $ to $ . c a a d nd T h e Alanti Tr nsport Line , which c rries horses to Lon on a by

i at d r de a transsh pment Lon on to Antwerp , Hav e , Ghent , Bor ux , d and e c e a a ad e a a a Osten , oth r ontin nt l ports , h ve m speci l r te of n d 5 to London a $3 to continental ports . At this rate the y d nd d a nd a furnish all foo a atten nts a full mortality insur nce . The export trad e is unanimously credited with being t h e life of a and a a a all ad this m rket , the gr tifying incre se in v lue of gr es of ce a are as and horses , ex pt wh t known plugs common horses , is to be

accred ited to it . r d a 1 896 80 e r c There we e sol in this m rket in horses , p ent of which I find by reference to the d aily sale Shee ts we re plugs and a i d a d a common horses , le v ng in roun numbers bout esir ble d 60 a . horses , per cent of these being purch se by foreign buyers During the first six months O f the present year have been d and a 25 c are O f a a sol , less th n per ent the cl sses I h ve previ d as a a a a and a a all ou sly m entione being v il ble for export tion , pr ctic lly

of them have been purchased for that purpose . a a a c and a Germ ny , the l st country to recognize the import n e m gni an a as a as tude of our interests , shows incre se of business fully gre t

d and a and e e e e . that made by Englan Fr nce , promis s v n mor A E A M E R A N H R E 88 FOR E IG N M R K TS F O R IC O S S .

Since the first shipments in 1 893 pri c es have steadily advan c ed and r N t a e now fully 30 per c ent higher than they were at that time . o a d d a d o f a withst n ing this , the em n s the foreign buyers h ve become and a e and a a a more more importun t , they h ve become less rbitr ry in their selection of character an d type an d readily accept horses that d d d a woul have been rej e cte a ye ar ago as un esir ble for their trad e .

S t a t ement showing d estination of 40 p er cen t of t h e nu mb er of horses est imat ed a s exp ort ed from C hicago during t h e year 18 96 a nd 60 p er cent of t h ose exp ort ed du rin t h rst ei ht months o 1 8 9 g e fi g f 7 .

n T a t . t l Mo h o .

January F e bru ar y March

R E O R T R E G A R D I N G T H E E X O R T O P H O R S E S R O M B U F F A L O P P P , V I I N T N . Y . . A N D C I Y .

H in n n . [R e port by I spe ct or N el so P kl e y . ]

S I R : A s d a e O f e e d a e e e requeste by you in lett r r c nt t , I r sp ctfully submit the following report concerning the export trade in horses ff nd a N . Y . a : from Bu lo , , vicinity I have interviewed nearly all of the h orsemen who are interested ad a either in purchasing for or selling to the export tr e , lso the Ship

e an d fin d a a pers of export hors s from this city , th t those which h ve

r ll h been and are now being e xported a e a O f t e bette r class . They

: C a a ad consist of horses for the following purposes bs , tr mro s , omni a a a and a van ob m ast e rs buses , c v lry , rtillery , light he vy horses , j (or

a a and e and a . co ch horses) , cobs , he vy light hunt rs , trotters , p cers l a The light an d heavy van horses are used for a l d raft purposes . Tr m are horses are used for street railways an d tramways . Omnibus horses

a d a d and are d a d a a in l rge em n , use in l rge numbers for r wing p ssenger a a and a e are omnibuses for public street service . C v lry rtill ry horses , as d t h e e e a a a the term signifies , use in s v r l foreign rmies for rmy pur d O m st e rs are e d c a a poses . The horses terme j b a us for public rri ges ,

E N M A R E T F O R A M E R A R E 90 F O R IG K S IC N HO S S . a e d fl at and e d e l rg , roun hoofs , not ; sloping pow rful Shoul rs , short

a d - d and o d d d i b cks , well ribbe ; smooth turne hips , sh ul be kin in s and e and d a position , thoroughly true , broken to singl ouble h rness ; w wi also perfectly ay se . — ! obm aster or coach horses T h e d emand for this class O f horses is

e a and a d e a d . f v ry l rge , the supply is not equ l to the m n This class O

1 6 d . horses should stand up not less . than han s high and weigh from

d d a a d c e ar to poun s ; shoul h ve long , bree y ne k , short , d e and e e ad a e d d c wi int llig nt he , short b ck , w ll ribbe ; roun hip , lean and a e a d a legs , not too l rg hoof , which must be rk in color . The O f d e a d d a b a c and color horses in m n is soli bl ck,brown y , hestnut , . d ! d a a are a . rk sorrel . Bl ck points very esir ble They must be well a e ca a e ad an e a d and broken to h rn ss , rry high h , with sy , me ium knee ‘

a t . hock ction , free from in erfering or forging Light j ob m ast e rs or co ach horses should not be und e r an d no a 1 6 a d b a a d a a more th n h n s high ; color , y, bl ck , chestnut , or pple gr y ;

a - d a d k and an d possessing well forme , long , rche nec , intelligent , bree y

ad d a d d - he ; long , Sloping shoul ers , short b ck , close ribbe ; me ium sized

al l h a e hoof ; thoroughly broken to rness ; must not forge or int rfere , n d d a c and a and a shoul h ve high ho k knee ction , quick active on their and e d t o feet , thoroughly wise , w ll broken to respon the bit . ’ — d l d t C O bs . and Cob horses shoul be of so i color , ches nuts , sorrel , a e d d d b ys pref rre ; shoul weigh from to poun s , not over

an d c d d a ad an d e ar h s in height , blocky, lose ribbe , roun hip , sm ll he , d e and c a fl at me ium length neck , very high kn e ho k ction , , bony legs , d d and a me ium hoof ; shoul be quick ctive on their feet , thoroughly all a and a d broken to h rness ; must be free well g ite , yet not vicious , and t h e d a a , in wor s of the horsem n , be ble to pull their knees up to la r d d . a their chin when trotting This c ss of ho ses is in em n , espe d cially for the Gre at Britain tra e . — H eavy and light hu n ters While the demand is good for this class are a e a of horses , the requirements such th t but few of our Am ric n

e a S a can a n horses , speci lly from the Western t tes , p ss the inspectio . The E aste rn and Southe rn breeders O f the United S t ates are more d and d c d a successful in bree ing pro u ing this kin of nimal . The requirements are that they must be esse ntially three - quarter thorough

d e c e d in a bre , w ll onform , very short the b ck , high withers , long , thin a ad and e ar d e e and de d and a neck , sm ll he , p chest shoul rs , roun he vy O f a d e and hip , with plenty muscul r power behin for prop lling jump

a d a fl at - O f a ing purposes ; goo , cle n , limb , with plenty bone subst nce ;

‘ d d O are d d soli color is preferre , but if ther requirements pro uce the e color is not mu ch O f an object . They must be w ll broken for sad dl e ac d an d a a , quick of tion , sure foote , ble to show their bility to e and d O f a a and d a jump both f nce itch re son ble height wi th , the he vy a 1 50 1 80 d m 1 20 hunters c rrying from to poun s ; light hunters , fro 1 50 d H orse s f a a e c a d a ad a to poun s . o this cl ss h ve be n pur h se from C n S e and e d d r in the vicinity of Toronto , imco , oth r bree ing ist icts of SOUR C E OF SUP P LY OF H OR SE S 9 1

h e e h are a d Ontario , w r t ey being r ise exclusively for this purpose , thoroughly broken and cond itioned when they are brought to Buffalo

by Canadian dealers and sold to foreign buyers . — a e a an T rotters and p acers . This cl ss of horses b ing origin lly Ameri d a d a a d can production , the em n is incre sing very r pi ly for foreign d d s a so a d a a an a . tra e . This is e peci lly in reg r to Gre t Brit in Germ ny

I am informed by we ll - informed foreign horse d e alers that t h e demand

for this class of horse s in the two above - mentioned countrie s h as 50 d 1 897 and a d increased nearly per cent uring , is only surp sse by

the quest for cavalry and artillery horses for army purposes . The trotting or p acing horse in reality need have no particular conforma

e d d o r tion or requirements , xcept when use for bree ing exhibition

‘ e and e O f a d e scrib purpos s , , using the t rms Americ n horsemen when c a a ing this lass of horses , the one gre t requirement is to h ve them ! ” d d get there , or, in other wor s , extreme spee . Horses most in

r 1 6 a d d emand a e those ranging from to h n s high , color no O bject ; d d a whe re use for Spee or r cing purposes , weight from to d a d d nd pounds ; must be well conforme , with gre t epth of shoul ers a b e and a d h hips ; must free pure g ite , without hitching , obbling , inter

f rin t n ot a e g , forging , or knee knocking ; mus h ve too much knee a as sa an d action; in f ct , must go , horsemen y, low close to the ” d d d d a and groun ; must be of goo isposition , with plenty of en ur nce , , H d . a ar O f c ourse , the more spee the better orses of this cl ss e in great d a d d a a and a em n for bree ing purposes in Gre t Brit in Germ ny , but are d a d a d there the requirements more rigi reg r ing conform tion , in i idu al it and d d d and v y, exten e pe igree , which must be well known d d d a and d O f renowne as to spee , en ur nce , pro ucers the same .

R E O F Y O F T H E D I F F E R E N T A E SO U C SUPPL C L SS S .

All classe s of van or d raft horse s are raised principally in the

e a i and n O f a d Stat s of Ohio , Iow , Ill nois , some i the Dominion C na a. They are bre d principally from imported stallions and mares of the d da e and e d a d English shire , Cly es l , Fr nch r ft bree s . The Shires ,

and a - d a a - d d ar French , h lf bre n tives of the bove mentione bree s e the

most desirablefor the export trade . for a ra ad and Horses c bs , t mro s , omnibuses , other common uses

r a t h e S a e a d a a e princip lly from t t s of Ohio , Illinois , Iow , In i n a, Wis and a a a d c onsin , Michig n , lso few from the Dominion of Cana a . These

h orses are usually bred from a sm alle r class of pure - bred N or m n a and d a nd d a m res horses , crosse with our Americ n coach a riving

h a a an d d a a o e orses , th t h ve in ivi u lity of ctivity , the pr p r size (weight f d he 1 6 a d and a rom to poun s , ight from to h n s) , th t a d a d d s how more th n or in ry spee for roa purposes .

ob mast e rs and a a are e e d The j (light he vy) , or wh t t rm American

( a ar a S a co ch horses , e bred in ne rly every t te in the Union , but princi a a a a a e p lly come from Ohio , Iow , K ns s , Michig n , Kentucky , T nnessee , N e w and d e York , some from the Dominion of Cana a . Hors s of this 92 R E G N M AR K E S F O R A M E R AN H E FO I T IC O RS S .

c a are a e d t h e a an d a li s l ss usu lly sir by very best co ch trotting st l on ,

care being taken of c ourse to procure sires that are we ll - marke d indi

vid u al s as n T h e a ac d a d d . s to style , color , tion , isposition , spee m re are a d usu lly selecte under the same conditions . Cavalry an d artillery horses have only be e n in urgent demand by

t h e ad e a e a ar foreign tr within the l st two or thr e ye rs , therefore no p

' ‘ ticular care or e fi o rt h as been made d uring t h e past by horse bre ed ers d c a e . e e to pro u e horses suit ble for this purpos Howev r , the r cent demand and good prices are ind ucing horse breeders wh o have an O pportunity O f proc uring sire s and dams suitab le for prod ucing this class of horses to pay particular attention to supplying t h e market with cavalry and artillery horses ; and from information derived I am l e d e e a t h e S S a ia and to b li ve th t outhern t tes of Kentucky , Virgin , are e d e d e e Tennessee int n ing to br e hors s for this purpose , whil the S a e a d a a a a and a are a Western t t s of Michig n , In i n , K ns s , Iow lso proc uring such sire s and d ams as will be apt to prod uce this class O f

horses . e a an d are c a d N e w S a Cobs , h vy light , prin ip lly bre in York t te , a ad a a a and e c and Dominion of C n , some p rts of Virgini K ntu ky ,

nd r largely in Montana a K ansas . They a e usually from eithe r thor

u h r d - - e d n d d o g b e s or three quarter br sires a ams . Trotting and pacing horses are bre d in nearly every S tate in the a N e w S a e a K a a K e n Union , lthough York t t , Michig n , ns s , Wisconsin , and e e d a e a a tucky , Tennessee s m to pre omin t in r ising the cl ss of nd fin h trotte rs a pacers that d t e most ready sale to our export buyers . n N o general rule ca be given regard ing their particular breeding . Experience h as taught u s that in breeding horses for trotters and

a a ar c a e ad a p cers , sever l things e ne ess ry to insur for them a re y s le

a d e a d an d either on the home or fore ign market . The one gre t m n

d d d r e e a a e . a e requir m nt is spee , while be uty , in ivi u lity , siz , etc , d d secon ary consi erations .

X R E D F B F F A N N E R O F H O R E E O T R O O . . UMB S S P M U L , Y

From the most re liable information I have been able to O btain I find a d t h e e a 1 896 d a a cab th t uring y r r ft horses , bout , a ad an d and a ca a a tr mro , omnibus horses , bout v lry , rtillery , and e a van ob m ast e rs an d c ac h light h vy , j , o h horses , cobs , unters , e and ace e e e d trott rs , p rs w r xporte

PR I C E S PA I D BY F O R E I G N BUYE R S .

Draft and van horse s ave rage in price from $100 to $300 each ; omni

b u s and a e 70 100 cab 50 75 a c a tr m hors s , $ to $ ; horses , $ to $ ; he vy o ch a 1 50 300 ac 1 00 300 or jobm ster horses , $ to $ ; light co h horses , $ to $ ;

a an d a a e 14 0 1 60 and e a rtillery c v lry hors s , $ to $ ; light h vy hunters , 150 00 e d e e d 3 . nd a a a c $ to $ Trotters a p ce rs v ry gre tly in pri , p n ing

E I N K E T S F O R A E R I A N H R E 94 F O R G MAR M C O S S . izes that to find a ready marke t for the horses he raises he must cater a a ad an d d l rgely to the w nts of the export tr e , bree such horses as a d d a m e d d a there is eman for . I inform by horse e lers who are al l a o f d S a a frequenting p rts the Unite t tes , purch sing horses f al m a a a W for the Bu f o rket , th t from the inform tion hich they d a and d ad erive from f rmers horse bree ers , every effort is being m e by them to procure suitable sires and d ams for producing the a d an d e d ad a cav cl ss of horses em for the export tr e , especi lly the l nd a h ‘ a r a e a c . a a y , rtill ry , o ch orse The very low prices th t h ve been O btained by the farmer for the past few years have caused a a d al l l a d a d short ge in the pro uction of c sses of horses , while the em n a a a a a for the p st eight or ten ye rs for che per cl ss of common horses , such as are used by American street - car lines and for other similar h as a d a a u purposes , been l rgely one w y with by the s bstitution of as a and a and electricity motive power by the l rge use of bicycles , on account of the financial d epression O f the entire c ountry d uring w a a d the past fe ye ars . These c uses h ve naturally force the farmers . and horse breed ers; who have been raising and breed ing horses of an a i a d an a a d inferior cl ss , w thout reg r to y qu lity wh tsoever , to iscon of h d tinne the raising orses of this kin . This really h as been a boon ad O f as all a to the horse tr e the future , inferior st llions have been castrated and either turned loose on the prairie to O btain the ir o wn d d a d a d living or sol for some or in ry r ft work , while broo m ares Of the d d a h inferior class have also been ispose of . This f ct as left nothing d a h d but the better bre or high cl ss orses to bree from in the future .

d d a a h a ac d d This , couple with the knowle ge th t the f rmer s quire regar ing the necessity of raising a class of horses which will find a ready a and and s le both for foreign home consumption , the encouraging and large demand O f foreign countries for the American horse when a d and a a t he suit bly bre , points to but one conclusion , th t is th t future prospects of the sales O f American horses to foreign countries is d and a a a d a and d extremely goo , one th t w rr nts horse e lers bree ers in using every effort in their power to improve the quality and breed O f horses so as to insure their receiving a suitable price an d a large d d i d a a . s a em n There no oubt but th t the Americ n horse , properly d h as h is all h an a bre , proven superiority over other orses in y p rt of

d d . the civilize worl . Buyers and dealers O f American horses for the export trad e express themselves in a way which signifies th at they are of the O pinion that some action Should b e taken by the American Governme nt in the way and o f a of inspection supervision shipment , both by r il through the an d a a d a a d a a S tates lso on bo r of the oce n ste mers , in or er th t , by a d d a a a a proper inspection of e ch in ivi u l horse , gu r nteeing his he lth d O f a c a and freed om from iseases ont gious nature .