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Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 Eileen Ryan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Eileen Ryan All rights reserved ABSTRACT Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 By Eileen Ryan In the first decade of their occupation of the former Ottoman territories of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in current-day Libya, the Italian colonial administration established a system of indirect rule in the Cyrenaican town of Ajedabiya under the leadership of Idris al-Sanusi, a leading member of the Sufi order of the Sanusiyya and later the first monarch of the independent Kingdom of Libya after the Second World War. Post-colonial historiography of modern Libya depicted the Sanusiyya as nationalist leaders of an anti-colonial rebellion as a source of legitimacy for the Sanusi monarchy. Since Qaddafi’s revolutionary coup in 1969, the Sanusiyya all but disappeared from Libyan historiography as a generation of scholars, eager to fill in the gaps left by the previous myopic focus on Sanusi elites, looked for alternative narratives of resistance to the Italian occupation and alternative origins for the Libyan nation in its colonial and pre-colonial past. Their work contributed to a wider variety of perspectives in our understanding of Libya’s modern history, but the persistent focus on histories of resistance to the Italian occupation has missed an opportunity to explore the ways in which the Italian colonial framework shaped the development of a religious and political authority in Cyrenaica with lasting implications for the Libyan nation. -
8.. Colonialism in the Horn of Africa
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The state, the crisis of state institutions and refugee migration in the Horn of Africa : the cases of Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia Degu, W.A. Publication date 2002 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Degu, W. A. (2002). The state, the crisis of state institutions and refugee migration in the Horn of Africa : the cases of Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia. Thela Thesis. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 8.. COLONIALISM IN THE HORN OF AFRICA 'Perhapss there is no other continent in the world where colonialism showed its face in suchh a cruel and brutal form as it did in Africa. Under colonialism the people of Africa sufferedd immensely. -
The Greek Church of Cyprus, the Morea and Constantinople During the Frankish Era (1196-1303)
The Greek Church of Cyprus, the Morea and Constantinople during the Frankish Era (1196-1303) ELENA KAFFA A thesis submitted to the University of Wales In candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of History and Archaeology University of Wales, Cardiff 2008 The Greek Church of Cyprus, the Morea and Constantinople during the Frankish Era (1196-1303) ELENA KAFFA A thesis submitted to the University of Wales In candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of History and Archaeology University of Wales, Cardiff 2008 UMI Number: U585150 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U585150 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This thesis provides an analytical presentation of the situation of the Greek Church of Cyprus, the Morea and Constantinople during the earlier part of the Frankish Era (1196 - 1303). It examines the establishment of the Latin Church in Constantinople, Cyprus and Achaea and it attempts to answer questions relating to the reactions of the Greek Church to the Latin conquests. -
Magg. Teobaldo Folchi - Commissariato Regionale Di Massaua - Brevi Cenni Storico Amministrativi Sulle Popolazioni, Dal Suddetto Commissariato Regionale Dipendenti
Magg. Teobaldo Folchi - Commissariato Regionale di Massaua - Brevi Cenni storico amministrativi sulle popolazioni, dal suddetto Commissariato Regionale dipendenti Nota introduttiva di Massimo Zaccaria - Università di Pavia SUMMARY The “Commissariato Regionale di Massawa” was established in 1898 and its original border included Samhar, Sahel, Northern Dankalia and part of the Acchele Guzai. The task of its very first organization fell on major Teobaldo Folchi, who spent six busy months in the Eritrean coastal town. Beside his administrative occupations, major T. Folchi wrote an impressive 552 pages report on the “Commissariato”, detailing information about people, places and resources of each single village and ethnic group of the “Commissariato”. Many the aspects covered by this unique report: history, economics, culture and politics. It shows how the Italians attempted to penetrate the complexities of this particular area of Eritrea and it offers the chance to grasp the way knowledge was produced and organized by Italian colonial administrators. This effort was aimed at strengthening the colonial control of the local peoples, nevertheless the data presented in the report offer a fascinating insight of the Eastern Lowland societies at the end of the XIX century. Si ringrazia il Museo del Risorgimento e della Resistenza di Vicenza per il permesso di pubblicare on-line questo documento e per la preziosa collaborazione fornita durante il lavoro di preparazione del testo. Massimo Zaccaria Introduzione Con le sue cinquecentocinquantadue pagine manoscritte, la relazione del maggiore Teobaldo Folchi sul Commissariato regionale di Massawa necessita, in primo luogo, di alcune informazioni sull’autore e sulle circostanze legate alla sua stesura. È questo l’obiettivo della prima parte dell’introduzione. -
Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu
Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu By Nuredin Hagi Scikei Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu By Nuredin Hagi Scikei This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Nuredin Hagi Scikei All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0331-3 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0331-1 Dedicated to my father Hagi Scikei Abati, my mother Khadija Ali Omar, my sister Zuhra and my brother Sirajadin. CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ xi Acknowledgements .................................................................................. xiii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Who are the Banaadiri Maritime Traders and Ancient Banaadiri Settlements Religion and Learning The Growth of Foreign Trade, Urbanisation and the First Industries of Banaadir Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 11 The Campaign of Defamation against the Banaadiri -
Breve Revisión De Los Procesos De Resistencia Contra La Colonización En El Cuerno De África
ISSN: 0213-2087 e-ISSN: 2444-7080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/shhcont382020243264 BREVE REVISIÓN DE LOS PROCESOS DE RESISTENCIA CONTRA LA COLONIZACIÓN EN EL CUERNO DE ÁFRICA. LAS LUCHAS EN LA SOMALIA ITALIANA Y EL MOVIMIENTO DERVICHE (1890-1930) Brief review of the processes of resistance against colonization in the Horn of Africa. Struggles in Italian Somalia and the Dervish Movement (1890-1930) Pablo ARCONADA LEDESMA Universidad de Valladolid [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-4068-274X Recibido: 29/02/2020 Revisado: 25/05/2020 Aceptado: 15/06/2020 RESUMEN: Este artículo tiene la intención de revisar las resistencias contra el proceso de colonización que se desarrollaron en el Cuerno de África en el período 1890-1930. Específicamente, se analizarán las luchas impulsadas por los pueblos somalíes en las diferentes regiones ocupadas. El objetivo no es otro que repensar la imagen de los somalíes como «pueblos pasivos» que «se dejaron conquistar» y analizar los acontecimientos con otra perspectiva radicalmente diferente. Además, si tradicionalmente se ha considerado que la única resistencia digna de ser considerada fue el Movimiento Derviche, en este estudio se ha procedido a analizar también el papel de otros movimientos de resistencia que se sucedieron en el sur de Somalia y en los sultanatos de Obbia y Midyurtina, así como el caso específico de las Revueltas Gosha. Para realizar este estudio se ha procedido a una revisión bibliográfica y se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias como documentación oficial, tratados y diarios, así como boletines informativos de la época y la hemeroteca. Palabras clave: Somalia; Gosha; Derviche; Benadir; colonización. -
Fondo Lasagni
FONDO GUERRINO LASAGNI BL B 1 ANT *Viaggio nei Bogos / O. Antinori ; con prefazione del march. prof. Giacomo Antinori. - Roma : Societa' Geografica Italiana, 1887. - 162 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. ((Estr. da: Boll. della società geografica italiana (1887), giugno e segg. N.Inv: LAS 207 BL B 1 APP La *sfinge nera : dal Marocco al Madagascar / Mario Appelius. - Milano : Alpes, 1926. - 414 p. ; 20 cm. N.Inv: LAS 250 1 AFRICA - Descrizioni e viaggi BL B 1 ARC *Quando ero medico in Africa / Gaetano Arcoleo. - Bologna : L. Cappelli, 1936. - 180 p., [8] c. di tav. : ill. ; 20 cm. ((L. 10. N.Inv: LAS 191 BL B 1 BEL La *cittadella di Allah : viaggio nell'Arabia Saudita / Felice Bellotti. - Milano : Cino del Duca, [1960]. - 235 p., [24] c.di tav. : ill. ; 21 cm . N.Inv: LAS 160 1 Arabia Saudita - Descrizioni e viaggi BL B 1 BIA *Esplorazioni in Africa di Gustavo Bianchi / memorie ordinate e pubblicate dal dottor Dino Pesci. - Milano etc.! : F. Vallardi, 1886?!. - VIII, 323 p., 1! c. di tav., 1! c. di tav. ripieg. : ritr., c. geogr. color. ; 19 cm. ((Data dalla prefaz. N.Inv: LAS 226 BL B 1 BIA *Mungo Park alla ricerca del Niger / Natale Bianchi. - Torino etc.! : Paravia, stampa 1926. - 262 p., 12! c. di tav. : ill. ; 19 cm. (I *grandi viaggi di esplorazione) N.Inv: LAS 242 1 NIGER <FIUME> - Esplorazioni - 1795-1805 2 PARK, MUNGO BL B 1 BOU L'*aventure Abyssine / Emmanuel Bourcier. - Paris : Librarie des Champs-Elysees, c1936. - 250 p. ; 19 cm. N.Inv: LAS 153 BL B 1 BOV *Dal Mar Rosso al Nilo azzurro / Renato Bova-Scoppa. -
Il Fondo Maugini Nel Catalogo Di Ateneo
Fondo Maugini Titolo / Autore Pubblicazione Identificativo Scheda su SBN OneSearch 1: 1846-1858 Roma : Abate, 1971 UFI0100149 link 1: 1857-1885 / testo di Carlo Giglio Roma : Istituto Poligrafico dello stato, 1958 UFI0100132 link 1. congresso agricolo coloniale a Tripoli, 2-6 maggio 1928 / Sindacato Roma : Stab. Poligr. de "Il lavoro nazionale tecnici agricoli fascisti d'Italia", [1928?] UFI0048371 link 10 ans de recherches forestieres tropicales / Centre technique forestier Nogent sur Marne : Centre technique forestier tropical tropical, stampa 1960 UFI0085432 link 2: 1859-1869 Roma : Abate, 1972 UFI0100150 link 2: 1958-1963 / Giuseppe Vedovato Firenze : Le Monnier, 1963 SBL0248626 link I 25 anni di attivita del Gruppo Vittorio Bottego : 1946-1971 / con l'alto Milano : [s.n.], 1971 patronato del Presidente della Repubblica UFI0047852 link 25 deliciosos platos con arroz / Carmen Victoria Lopez Venezuela : [Corporacion venezolana de fomento, 19..] UFI0118010 link 28. riunione (Pisa, 11-15 ottobre 1939-XVII) : atti / Societa italiana per il Roma : SIPS, 1940 progresso delle scienze ; pubblicati a cura del segretario generale prof. Lucio Silla UFI0048332 link 3. Convegno nazionale delle Camere di commercio, industria e Udine : Camera di commercio, industria e agricoltura per l'emigrazione : Udine 4 e 5 maggio 1951- Gorizia 6 agricoltura, 1951 maggio 1951 UFI0047243 link 600 q.li di pere ad ettaro col Metodo Newtimes (Ferraguti) / A. Del Roma : Istituto di frutticultura e di Lungo, E. Zanini elettrogenetica, 1935 UFI0065598 link 8. Congresso internazionale d'agricoltura tropicale e subtropicale : Roma : Arte della stampa, 1939 Tripoli, 13-17 marzo 1939-XVII : rapporti e comunicazioni di sezione : riassunti / FITA UFI0068161 link A propos de la mise en liberte, par activite microbiologique, du Milano : E. -
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Women’s Legal Agency and Property in the Court Records of Late 19th-Century Brava © Lidwien Kapteijns and Alessandra Vianello For the published version of this essay, see Kapteijns, Lidwien and Alessandra Vianello. “Women’s Legal Agency and Property in the Court Records of Late Nineteenth-Century Brava.” History in Africa, 2017, pp. 1–65., doi:10.1017/hia.2017.2. Abstract Drawing on the Islamic court records of Brava, a small Indian Ocean port city on the southern Benadir coast of Somalia, dating from the period 1893-1900, this essay analyzes the legal agency and economic roles of the women of Brava and sheds new light on social (especially family) relations in this town. The qāḍī’s court records give evidence of married women’s fully recognized (even if qualified) legal personhood and their full-fledged financial and economic agency. The free, married women of Brava of this period contributed fully and autonomously to the economic endeavors of their families and also interacted with non-related businessmen in and beyond Brava. They also had the legal and social capacity to defend their interests in court and to get a fair hearing in accordance with the law. Given that both Somali women’s history and East African legal history suffer from a scarcity of concrete evidence for this time-period, the aspects of everyday life in Brava that come into view in the town’s qāḍī’s court records are of great interest. INTRODUCTION1 1 We thank SHARIAsource, the research venture of the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard University, and reviewers for History in Africa for helpful comments. -
A Moder N H O F Soma
COLLO... :,<.,r;: cc r i -J I.- .. P*!,!, REVISED, UPDATED, AND EXPANDED EDITION lì. A MODERN HISTORY OF SOMALIA Natlon and State in thè Horn of Africa I. M. LEWIS, Westview Press ^'5?x BOULDER & LONDON >^'*. \ K:%: jv^i -/ / o/ • /.-Ay v>; CONTENTS Preface to che 1988 Editìon vii Preface to thè First Edition ix Chapter I The Physica! and Social Setting 1 II Ecfore Partition 18 This Westview softcover editìon il printed un aud-frue pnper and bound in softcovecs thac III The Imperiai Partition: 1860-97 40 curry thè bighe» rating of thè National Aurxìation of State Textbook Adminìstracors, in tons» Iration wich thè Association of American Publiihcrs and thè Hook Manu faci uters' IV The Dervish Fight for Freedom: 1900-20 63 Inscitutf. V Somali Unificatìon: The Italian East*Afrìcan Empire Ali rights reserved. No pare of chis publkarion may be reproduced oc transmitted in any 92 forni or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, rccording, or any in for m uri un Storage and retrieva! System, wichout pcrmìssion in wticing from thè publisher. VI The Restoration of Colonial Frontiere: 1940-50 116 Copyright © 1965, 1980, 1988 by I. M. Lewis VII From Trusteeship to Independence: 1950-60 139 Vili The Problems of Independence Fine published in thè United States of America in 1988 by Wesrvicw Press, Inc.; Frederick 166 Prjegcr, Publisher, 5500 Cenerai Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80301 A. IX The Somali Revolution: 1969-76 205 First edìtion published in 1980 by Longman Group Limited; chapters 1 through 8 published X Nationalism, Ethnicity and Revolution in thè in 1965 by Weidenfeld ;»nd Nkolson Horn of Africa 226 Maps Library of Congress CaraJoging-in-PublicatÌon Data 267 Lewis, I. -
The Frankish Conquest of Greece
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87181-5 - Being Byzantine: Greek Identity Before the Ottomans Gill Page Excerpt More information introduction The Frankish conquest of Greece In 1204, the imperial city of Constantinople was captured by the troops of the Fourth Crusade, a collection of forces gathered from the states of western Europe with the ostensible aim of the liberation of Jerusalem. It was a momentous event for the citizens and subjects of the ‘Byzantine’ empire ruled from Constantinople, as their city had never before fallen to any enemy in its nine centuries of history. Having taken the capital city, the crusaders from the west went on to conquer most of the empire, although Constantinople was eventually won back fifty-seven years later, and what we now generally call the ‘Byzantine’ empire did manage to survive into the fifteenth century before its final irrevocable conquest by the Ottoman Turks. Nevertheless, this first conquest by the western Franks of the Fourth Crusade is often seen as the beginning of the end, and its impact on the state of mind of the subjects of the empire was immense. For the next 200 years – and beyond – various parts of what had historically been the Byzantine empire were to be ruled, for varying lengths of time, by these crusaders and their descendants. For centuries, the emperors of Constantinople had held these territories, but now, remarkable quickly, they changed hands and the peasants and local lords of the conquered areas had to become accustomed to new masters who, at least at the beginning, spoke little or no Greek, had some startlingly different ways of arranging society and everyday life and, not least, had a church and religion which was Christian but very different from the ‘Orthodox’ Christianity of the empire. -
CRONOLOGIA DELLA SOMALIA ITALIANA Di Raffaele Laurenzi
CRONOLOGIA DELLA SOMALIA ITALIANA di Raffaele Laurenzi L’Italia di re Vittorio Emanuele II, da pochi anni unificata, non assiste indifferente alla politica espansionistica delle grandi potenze europee in Africa e in Asia. I governi che si succedono in questi anni studiano perciò la possibilità di assicurare anche all’Italia territori da colonizzare. Uno di questi è la Somalia. Nella seconda metà dell’Ottocento, la Somalia è dominata a nord dai sultani di Migiurtinia, al centro dal sultano di Obbia, a sud dal sultano di Zanzibar, i cui possedimenti si estendono da Chisimaio fino a Mogadiscio. L’interno della Somalia, in molte parti inesplorato, è abitato da tribù nomadi o seminomadi di varie etnie. Si stima che la popolazione dell’intera Somalia non superi il milione di abitanti. Di seguito, riportiamo le tappe più significative della colonizzazione italiana in Somalia, fino all’amministrazione fiduciaria concessa dall’Onu all’Italia nel 1950. 1885. Il governo Giolitti invia nelle acque della Somalia la nave Barbarigo, che esplora la foce del Giuba. Nelle foto: Giovanni Giolitti, 1842-1928; la Barbarigo varata nel 1879; il sultano di Zanzibar Barghash bin Said. 1885, 28 maggio. Viene aperto a Zanzibar il consolato italiano. Il console Vincenzo Filonardi (1853-1916), ex capitano del Regio Esercito, firma un contratto commerciale col sultano. L’operazione si svolge in segreto: le potenze europee non vedrebbero di buon occhio progetti espansionistici dell’Italia in quella regione. 1889, 8 febbraio. L’Italia ottiene il protettorato del sultanato di Obbia. 1889, 7 aprile. Accordo con il sultano della Migiurtinia, regione della Somalia del nord: l’Italia ottiene il protettorato di una parte di quel territorio.