February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H337 never shied away from firsts. She was The text of the concurrent resolution that the declarations made by Iran in Octo- the first woman to serve on the advi- is as follows: ber 2003 did not amount to the complete and sory board of what is now known as H. CON. RES. 341 final picture of Iran’s past and present nu- clear programme considered essential by the Texas Utilities and was later the first Whereas Iran is a non-nuclear-weapon Board’s November 2003 resolution’’, and also woman from East Texas to be named to State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Pro- noted that the IAEA has discovered that Iran liferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Wash- the Texas Utilities governing board. had hidden more advanced centrifuge associ- The reason she deserves the honor ington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968 (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Nuclear Non- ated research, manufacturing, and testing itself does not lie in the fact that she activities, two mass spectrometers used in is a woman, but in the beauty and gen- Proliferation Treaty’’), under which Iran is obligated, pursuant to Article II of the Trea- the laser enrichment program, and designs erosity of her heart and soul. Through ty, ‘‘not to receive the transfer from any for hot cells to handle highly radioactive all of her many endeavors and accom- transferor whatsoever of nuclear weapons or materials; plishments, she remains a wonderful other nuclear explosive devices or of control Whereas the same resolution also noted wife to her husband, Archie, and a over such weapons or explosive devices di- ‘‘with equal concern that Iran has not re- magnificent mother to their two sons, rectly, or indirectly; not to manufacture or solved all questions regarding the develop- Tucker and Christopher. otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other ment of its enrichment technology to its I am proud to say she is not only a nuclear explosive devices; and not to seek or current extent, and that a number of other questions remain unresolved’’; great friend of East Texas, but she is a receive any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive Whereas in November 2004, the Govern- friend of mine. Madam Speaker, with devices’’; ments of the United Kingdom, France, and this one piece of advice to anyone en- Whereas Iran signed the Agreement Be- Germany entered into an agreement with countering Judy, if she is pushing a tween Iran and the International Atomic En- Iran on Iran’s nuclear program (commonly project, you have two options: number ergy Agency for the Application of Safe- referred to as the ‘‘Paris Agreement’’), secur- one, get on board; or, number two, get guards in Connection with the Treaty on the ing a formal commitment from the Govern- run over. Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done ment of Iran to voluntarily suspend uranium at Vienna June 19, 1973 (commonly referred enrichment operations in exchange for dis- f to as the ‘‘Safeguards Agreement’’), which cussions on economic, technological, polit- SOCIAL SECURITY requires Iran to report the importation and ical, and security issues; use of nuclear material, to declare nuclear (Mr. NADLER asked and was given Whereas on August 29, 2005, Iran’s Atomic facilities, and to accept safeguards on nu- Energy Organization announced it has mas- permission to address the House for 1 clear materials and activities to ensure that tered the technique of using biotechnology minute and to revise and extend his re- such materials and activities are not di- to extract purer uranium, adding that this marks.) verted to any military purpose and are used method ‘‘substantially decreases the cost Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, in for peaceful purposes and activities; . . . in the process that leads to the produc- the President’s budget he asks for a Whereas the International Atomic Energy tion of yellowcake’’, which is a part of the few hundred million dollars over the Agency (IAEA) reported in November 2003 early stages of the nuclear fuel cycle; next few years for the cost of that Iran had been developing an undeclared Whereas Article XII.C of the Statute of the nuclear enrichment program for 18 years and IAEA requires the IAEA Board of Governors privatizing Social Security. When he had covertly imported nuclear material and was here at the State of the Union ad- to report the noncompliance of any member equipment, carried out over 110 unreported of the IAEA with its IAEA safeguards obliga- dress, he commented that Congress re- experiments to produce uranium metal, sep- tions to all members and to the Security arated plutonium, and concealed many other jected his proposals to privatize Social Council and General Assembly of the United aspects of its nuclear facilities and activi- Security. All the Democrats to his sur- Nations; ties; prise got up and cheered, because we Whereas Article III.B–4 of the Statute of Whereas the Government of Iran informed think it is a terrible idea to privatize the IAEA specifies that ‘‘if in connection the Director General of the IAEA on Novem- Social Security with the activities of the Agency there ber 10, 2003, of its decision to suspend enrich- should arise questions that are within the To do to Social Security what they ment-related and reprocessing activities, and competence of the Security Council, the are doing to the pension system, elimi- stated that the suspension would cover all Agency shall notify the Security Council, as nating private pensions and making activities at the Natanz enrichment facility, the organ bearing the main responsibility for people depend only on 401(k)s, we think the production of all feed material for en- the maintenance of international peace and is a terrible idea. What the President richment, and the importation of any enrich- security’’; telegraphed, by putting in his budget ment-related items; Whereas in a Note Verbale dated December Whereas on September 24, 2005, the IAEA the money to pay for the cost of Board of Governors adopted a resolution privatizing Social Security, is that if 29, 2003, the Government of Iran specified the scope of suspension of its enrichment and re- finding that Iran’s many failures and the Republicans retain control of Con- processing activities, which the IAEA was breaches of its obligations to comply with gress in this election, they are going to invited to verify, including the suspension of the Safeguards Agreement constitute non- try it again. the operation or testing or any centrifuges, compliance in the context of Article XII.C of They will privatize Social Security if either with or without nuclear material, at the Statute of the IAEA and that matters the Republicans control Congress again the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz, concerning Iran’s nuclear program have next year. If anybody thinks that the suspension of further introduction of nu- given rise to questions that are within the competence of the Security Council as the privatizing Social Security is a bad clear material into any centrifuges, the sus- pension of the installation of new centrifuges organ bearing the primary responsibility for idea, that we should not destroy Social the maintenance of international peace and Security, you better vote Democratic at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant and the installation of centrifuges at the Fuel En- security; this year. richment Plant at Natanz, and, to the extent Whereas President of Iran Mahmoud f practicable, the withdrawal of nuclear mate- Ahmadinejad expressed, in an October 26, 2005, speech, his hope for ‘‘a world without b 1015 rial from any centrifuge enrichment facility; Whereas on February 24, 2004, the Govern- America’’ and his desire ‘‘to wipe Israel off RESOLUTION OF CONDEMNATION ment of Iran informed the IAEA of its deci- the map’’ and has subsequently denied the REGARDING IRAN sion to expand the scope and clarify the na- existence of the Holocaust; ture of its decision to suspend to the furthest Whereas on January 3, 2006, the Govern- Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speak- extent possible the assembly and testing of ment of Iran announced that it planned to er, pursuant to the previous order of centrifuges and the domestic manufacture of restart its nuclear research efforts; the House, I call up the concurrent res- centrifuge components, including those re- Whereas in January 2006, Iranian officials, olution (H. Con. Res. 341) condemning lated to existing contracts, informed the in the presence of IAEA inspectors, began to the Government of Iran for violating IAEA that any components that are manu- remove IAEA seals from the enrichment fa- its international nuclear nonprolifera- factured under existing contracts that can- cility in Natanz, Iran; tion obligations and expressing support not be suspended will be stored and placed Whereas Secretary of State Condoleezza for efforts to report Iran to the United under IAEA seal, invited the IAEA to verify Rice stated, ‘‘[i]t is obvious that if Iran can- these measures, and confirmed that the sus- not be brought to live up to its international Nations Security Council, and ask for pension of enrichment activities applied to obligations, in fact, the IAEA Statute would its immediate consideration in the all facilities in Iran; indicate that Iran would have to be referred House. Whereas the IAEA Board of Governors’ res- to the U.N. Security Council’’; The Clerk read the title of the con- olution of March 13, 2004, which was adopted Whereas President Ahmadinejad stated, current resolution. unanimously, noted with ‘‘serious concern ‘‘The Iranian government and nation has no

VerDate Aug 31 2005 00:35 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K16FE7.005 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE H338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 16, 2006 fear of the Western ballyhoo and will con- (5) calls on all responsible members of the onstrated contempt for the request of tinue its nuclear programs with decisiveness international community to impose eco- the International Atomic Energy Agen- and wisdom.’’; nomic sanctions designed to deny Iran the cy and has mocked the EU 3 nations Whereas the United States joined with the ability to develop nuclear weapons; and composed of France, Great Britain and Governments of Britain, France, and Ger- (6) urges the President to keep Congress many in calling for a meeting of the IAEA fully and currently informed concerning Germany, as they provided incentives Board of Governors to discuss Iran’s non- Iran’s violation of its international nuclear to convince Iran to suspend its enrich- compliance with its IAEA safeguards obliga- nonproliferation obligations. ment activities. tions; The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. It is important to quickly summarize Whereas on February 4, 2006, Resolution the sequence of events of the last few MILLER of Michigan). Pursuant to the GOV/2006/14 of the IAEA Board of Governors years, Madam Speaker, in order to relayed an ‘‘absence of confidence that Iran’s order of the House of Wednesday, Feb- ruary 15, 2006, the gentlewoman from fully comprehend the need for this res- nuclear programme is exclusively for peace- olution as a basis for stronger legisla- ful purposes resulting from the history of Florida (Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN) and the tive action regarding Iran. concealment of Iran’s nuclear activities, the gentleman from California (Mr. LAN- In November of 2003, for example, the nature of those activities and other issues TOS) each will control 30 minutes. arising from the Agency’s verification of Mr. KUCINICH. Madam Speaker, I IAEA reported that Iran had been de- declarations made by Iran since September ask unanimous consent to claim time veloping an undeclared nuclear enrich- 2002’’; in opposition. ment program for close to two decades Whereas Resolution GOV/2006/14 further ex- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there and had covertly imported nuclear ma- pressed ‘‘serious concern that the Agency is terial and equipment, had carried out not yet in a position to clarify some impor- objection to the request of the gen- tleman from Ohio? over 110 unreported experiments to tant issues relating to Iran’s nuclear pro- produce uranium metal, it had sepa- gramme, including the fact that Iran has in Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Reserving the its possession a document on the production right to object, we understand that the rated plutonium, and it had concealed of uranium metal hemispheres, since, as re- ranking member is on his way, and he many other aspects of its nuclear fa- ported by the Secretariat, this process is re- seeks time on the bill. Therefore, ac- cilities and activities. That same month, Iran informed the lated to the fabrication of nuclear weapon cordingly, I would object to that re- components’’; International Atomic Energy Agency quest. Whereas on February 4, 2006, the IAEA of its decision to temporarily suspend The SPEAKER pro tempore. Objec- Board of Governors reported Iran’s non- enrichment-related and reprocessing tion is heard. compliance with its IAEA safeguards obliga- activities. It stated that the suspension tions to the Security Council; The Chair recognizes the gentle- would cover all activities in the Natanz Whereas Iran has, since February 4, 2006, woman from Florida. taken additional steps confirming its unwill- enrichment facility, the production of GENERAL LEAVE ingness to comply with its nuclear non- all feed material for enrichment and proliferation obligations; and Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speak- the importation of any enrichment-re- Whereas Iran has been designated a state er, I ask unanimous consent that all lated items. sponsor of terrorism for over two decades Members may have 5 legislative days But that was not to be, Madam and the Department of State has declared in within which to revise and extend their Speaker. Iran continuously reinter- its most recent Country Reports on Ter- remarks and include extraneous mate- preted its commitment. By September rorism that Iran ‘‘remained the most active rial on the resolution under consider- of 2004, Iran announced that it had re- state sponsor of terrorism’’: Now, therefore, ation. be it sumed large-scale uranium conversion. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there The International Atomic Energy Resolved by the House of Representatives (the objection to the request of the gentle- Agency called on Iran to stop. Then Senate concurring), That Congress— woman from Florida? (1) condemns in the strongest possible Secretary of State Colin Powell called terms the many breaches and failures of the There was no objection. for the Iran case to be referred to the Government of Iran to comply faithfully Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speak- United Nations Security Council for with its nuclear nonproliferation obliga- er, I yield myself such time as I may sanctions to be imposed. tions, including its obligations under the consume. Faced with this possibility, Iran tem- Agreement Between Iran and the Inter- I rise in strong support of House Con- porarily halts these activities in those national Atomic Energy Agency for the Ap- current Resolution 341, a resolution nuclear facilities known to the Inter- plication of Safeguards in Connection with that I had the pleasure of drafting with national Atomic Energy Agency and the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nu- my good friends, the distinguished clear Weapons, done at Vienna June 19, 1973 the EU 3. (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Safeguards chairman of the House International By April of 2005, Iran announces that Agreement’’), as reported by the Director Relations Committee, HENRY HYDE, it will resume uranium conversion in General of the IAEA to the IAEA Board of and our ranking member, Congressman the Isfahan facility. This was met with Governors since 2003; TOM LANTOS. a warning from the EU 3 that their ne- (2) commends the efforts of the Govern- I want to express my appreciation to gotiations on trade and economic in- ments of France, Germany, and the United our leadership for recognizing the im- centives with Iran would end if Iran Kingdom to seek a meaningful and credible portance for the House to be heard on acted on this threat. suspension of Iran’s enrichment- and reproc- this important issue and for moving essing-related activities and to find a diplo- In August of 2005, the new radical matic means to address the non-compliance this resolution expeditiously to the leader is installed as Iran’s new presi- of the Government of Iran with its obliga- floor today. dent. Immediately following, Iran pro- tions, requirements, and commitments re- Madam Speaker, for at least two dec- ceeded to remove the International lated to nuclear nonproliferation; ades, the Iranian regime has been pur- Atomic Energy Agency seals on the (3) calls on all members of the United Na- suing a covert nuclear program using uranium conversion plant at Isfahan, tions Security Council, in particular the multiple approaches and technology to announced that it could successfully Russian Federation and the People’s Repub- achieve a nuclear status. It has under- use biotechnology for its nuclear pro- lic of China, to expeditiously consider and taken a number of efforts for the man- take action in response to the report of gram, decreasing the cost for the pro- Iran’s noncompliance in fulfillment of the ufacture and testing of centrifuges, in- duction of the feed material for nuclear mandate of the Security Council to respond cluding at facilities owned by military weapons. It announced that it would to and deal with situations bearing on the industrial organizations. provide nuclear technology to other Is- maintenance of international peace and se- It has sought completion of a heavy lamic states. Iran’s defense minister curity; water reactor that would be well suited said that it is Iran’s absolute right to (4) declares that Iran, through its many for plutonium production, while seek- have access to nuclear arms, and Iran’s breaches for almost 20 years of its obliga- ing uranium enrichment through the leader publicly stated his willingness tions under the Safeguards Agreement, has use of lasers. forfeited the right to develop any aspect of a to share nuclear expertise with other nuclear fuel cycle, especially with uranium The Iran saga within the context of Islamic nations. conversion and enrichment and plutonium the International Atomic Energy Agen- The IAEA inspectors were finally al- reprocessing technology, equipment, and fa- cy began almost 4 years ago. Every lowed into the Parchin military site. cilities; step along the way, Iran has dem- However, after all the time Iran was

VerDate Aug 31 2005 00:35 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.002 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H339 given to sanitize this site, that is to national community acts quickly and sponsible European and Asian govern- hide, to remove all signs of their nu- decisively, the world’s chief terrorist ments must immediately ensure that clear activities, even IAEA inspectors state may soon possess the greatest their companies, banks, and other fi- and foreign diplomats acknowledged in weapon of terror ever created. nancial organizations will suspend and news reports that they did not expect A critical first step was taken on terminate their existing investments the inspections to yield any firm re- February 2 at an emergency session of in Iraq. sults. the member states of the International Some banks and oil companies are al- Experts further noted that there may Atomic Energy Agency’s Board of Gov- ready leaving Iran over just the possi- be no nuclear material present at ernors. By a vote of 27–3 they reported bility of sanctions. Those that remain Parchin if the Iranians did dry testing Iran’s history of deception, lies and must be given immediate incentives by of nuclear bomb simulations. noncompliance to the United Nations the international community to stop Fast forward to Tuesday of this very Security Council. business as usual with a developing nu- week. Madam Speaker, on Valentine’s The ayatollahs of terror in Tehran clear weapon terrorist state. As part of Day, 2006, the Iranian Atomic Energy were sent a bold and unambiguous mes- this, the United States must finally Organization announced it has re- sage that their clandestine efforts to use the sanctions authority in U.S. law started uranium enrichment efforts build nuclear weapons and their trans- to punish and deter those who continue which could also be developed for use parent lies of peaceful intent will no to invest in and thereby aid and abet a in nuclear weapons. longer be tolerated by the civilized state bent on adding nuclear weapons In sum, referral of the Iran case to world. to its arsenal of terror. Madam Speaker, Tehran sponsors the U.N. Security Council has been a Madam Speaker, this is the first res- terrorism as an official state policy. I long time coming. We are gratified olution of the year regarding Iran. I wish to repeat this. Tehran sponsors that the International Atomic Energy guarantee you it will not be the last terrorism as official state policy. one. We must reauthorize the Iran Agency Board of Governors earlier this I ask my colleagues to imagine this month voted to report the Iran case to Sanctions Act, which will be accom- terrorist state armed with nuclear plished through the Iran Freedom Sup- the Security Council, but it should not weapons and in possession of large stop there, Madam Speaker. port Act, a bill offered by my good amounts of nuclear weapons material. friend, the gentlewoman from Florida, H. Con. Res. 341 therefore calls on all Even if it did not put these destructive members of the U.N. Security Council and myself. materials up for sale, a nuclear armed Madam Speaker, our allies in Europe to immediately consider the report and Iran would terrorize and destabilize the take the necessary steps to address have learned a hard lesson: playing entire Middle East. Terrorist-in-chief nice with a terrorist regime gets you Iran’s behavior. The resolution frames Ahmadinejad himself advocates wiping the debate by condemning in the nothing. Now that the Europeans are Israel from the map. with us in demanding Security Council strongest possible terms the Iranian re- Madam Speaker, Iran has flouted action, it is imperative that they take gime’s repeated violations of its inter- every nuclear safeguard agreement and the next step by imposing a com- national obligations. reneged on every single commitment it prehensive sanctions regime against More importantly, it underscores has made. The International Atomic Tehran. that, as a result of these violations, Energy Agency has documented that Madam Speaker, I urge all of my col- Iran no longer has the right to develop Iran acquired designs, equipment and leagues to support this resolution. any aspect of a nuclear fuel cycle. facilities to produce nuclear weapons Madam Speaker, I reserve the bal- As President Bush stated on Feb- grade uranium and plutonium from the ance of my time. ruary 11, 2004, proliferators must not be same nuclear black market that used Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speak- allowed to cynically manipulate the to supply Libya. Iran experimented er, I am proud to yield 3 minutes to the NPT to acquire the material and the with trigger material for a nuclear gentleman from Georgia (Mr. infrastructure necessary for manufac- bomb. There is every reason to believe GINGREY). turing illegal weapons. that Tehran has acquired actual bomb Mr. GINGREY. Madam Speaker, first H. Con. Res. 341 reiterates previous blueprints, as Libya used to do. of all, let me thank the gentlewoman U.S. calls to responsible members of Iran has also reneged on its remain- from Florida for allowing me to speak the international community to im- ing empty assurances to negotiate in on this resolution, and also let me pose economic sanctions to deny Iran good faith with Britain, France and thank the gentleman from California Germany by breaking the international the resources and the ability to develop (Mr. LANTOS) and completely associate nuclear weapons. seals on its uranium enrichment facil- myself with the remarks that he just But the grave threat posed by Iran is ity. made. I think he is right on target. not limited to its nuclear pursuit. H. Ahmadinejad, in a rare moment of lu- Madam Speaker, the passage of yes- Con. Res. 341 therefore refers to Iran’s cidity, revealed Tehran’s view of the terday’s resolution on the Palestinian support for Islamic jihadist activities relative balance of power in these ne- Authority once again expressed our po- worldwide. gotiations; and I quote, ‘‘the West sition against funding an ideology of Madam Speaker, it includes language needs us more than we need them.’’ terror in hope of maintaining the peace With billions of dollars of existing highlighting that Iran has been des- process in the Middle East. Today’s western investment in Iran’s oil and ignated as a state sponsor of terrorism resolution has a more direct message gas fields, Tehran’s ruling elite has for over two decades and, according to with the prospect, hopefully, of ad- shrewdly calculated that the West will our own State Department reports on dressing the entire world. not impose far-reaching and meaning- global terrorism, it remains the most In our current struggle against ter- ful sanctions against Iran over the nu- active state sponsor of terrorism rorism, no country is more uncertain clear issue. and dangerous than Iran. With an un- worldwide. Madam Speaker, we must change compromising foreign policy and re- Madam Speaker, too much time has Tehran’s calculations, hopefully by di- pressed trade, it often feels like the already passed. Let us not waste any- plomacy and pressure but with inter- only commodity that Iran exports in- more. Let us begin by adopting this national sanctions if necessary. The volves disdain for Western culture. It is resolution and send a strong message United Nations Security Council indeed disheartening to see a nation of to the Iranian regime and other poten- should require all members of the U.N. tial proliferators that this behavior to reject any and all investment and good people commandeered by an indi- will not be tolerated. nonhumanitarian trade with Iran until vidual with nuclear aspirations. Madam Speaker, I reserve the bal- Tehran verifiably gives up its nuclear Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Iran must ance of my time. fuel and weapon material production not be allowed to carry out threats Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, I capabilities. against Israel, the United States, or yield myself such time as I may con- any other peaceful nation. Nuclear sume. b 1030 weapons and the ideology of Wahabism I rise in strong support of this resolu- But, Madam Speaker, we cannot wait are a dangerous combination, and they tion. Madam Speaker, unless the inter- for the Security Council to act. Re- must be prevented.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 00:35 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K16FE7.007 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE H340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 16, 2006 So, Madam Speaker, I ask my col- (Mr. PAUL asked and was given per- we have to go into the Soviet Union leagues to support this resolution. I mission to revise and extend his re- and bomb their establishment. No. Fi- commend the gentlewoman from Flor- marks.) nally that problem dissipated. And yet ida and the gentleman from California Mr. PAUL. Madam Speaker, I thank we create unnecessary problems for for bringing it forward. I believe it is the gentlewoman for yielding me this ourselves. We go looking for trouble, time for the United Nations Security time. and I see this as very detrimental for Council to take action against nuclear I rise to express a note of caution re- what we are doing with this resolution. proliferation in Iran, and I ask the garding this resolution. I see this reso- There is one portion of the resolution leaders of Iran to reconsider the path lution somewhat like some of the reso- that concerns me about our urging the that they have chosen. lutions that we debated and passed Russians and China to take a firm Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, I am prior to our commitment to go into stand, and that has to do with the re- pleased to yield 3 minutes to the gen- Iraq. As a matter of fact, some of the solved clause No. 3; it says to the peo- tleman from Missouri (Mr. SKELTON), language is very similar. If you sub- ple of Russia and China to ‘‘expedi- the distinguished ranking member of stitute the word ‘‘Iraq’’ for ‘‘Iran,’’ you tiously consider and take action in re- our Armed Services Committee. would find out that these concerns are sponse to any report of Iran’s non- Mr. SKELTON. Madam Speaker, I very similar. compliance’’ in fulfillment of the man- thank the gentleman from California I do not quite have the concern that date of the Security Council to respond for allowing me to make comments on others have expressed that Iran is on and deal with situations . . . this, and I compliment the gentle- the verge of having a nuclear weapon. Any report? I mean, some report in woman from Florida for her leadership They have never been found in viola- the newspaper? Is it an IAEA report? in this regard as well. tion. There has been a lot of talk and Or whatever. That is so open-ended I rise in support of H. Con. Res. 341. a lot of accusation, but technically that this is a risky, risky resolution. This condemns Iran for violating its they have never been found in any vio- I urge a ‘‘no’’ vote on this resolution. nonproliferation agreements and ex- lation. Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, let presses support for efforts to report My concern for this type of language me just indicate to my friend from Iran to the United Nations Security and these plans is that nothing ever Texas that he has now discovered the Council. changes. This is the type of thing that ultimate oxymoron, a benign Islamic Thank you, Mr. LANTOS, for the op- occurred before. Of course, we went fanaticism hell bent on developing portunity to briefly address House Con- into Iraq, and yet today the success in weapons of mass destruction. This current Resolution 341 on the Iranian Iraq is very questionable. Fifty-five takes the concept of oxymoron to a nuclear situation. I think it is deadly percent of the American people say it new height. serious. was a mistake to have gone into Iraq. Madam Speaker, I am pleased to 1 Madam Speaker, the situation in Only forty percent of the people sup- yield 4 ⁄2 minutes to the gentleman Iran is a critical matter that demands port staying in Iraq. Attitudes have from Maryland (Mr. HOYER), the distin- serious attention and serious action shifted now since the success in Iraq guished Democratic whip. from this administration as well as Mr. HOYER. Madam Speaker, the has been so poor. from Congress. It threatens the secu- We went into Afghanistan to look for international community, not just rity of our Nation, the future of the Osama bin Laden, and we sort of got America, is being challenged again by nonproliferation regime and stability distracted. We have forgotten about a dangerous, deceptive lawbreaker in the Middle East. him just about completely. Instead we whose defiant pursuit of nuclear weap- International support for referring went into Iraq. Though the Iraq war is ons threaten America’s national secu- Iran to the United Nations Security not going well, all of a sudden we are rity interests as well as international Council is very encouraging, but it is peace and security. Now, this is an ob- not enough to address the complexity looking to take on another burden, an- other military mission. I find some ligation that the Iranians undertook of the nuclear situation or broader freely and voluntarily. It was not im- longer-term problems posed by Iran, in- things in the resolution that are very confrontational because it invokes posed upon them. cluding its involvement in Iraq, which I believe that this grave and gath- sanctions. People say, well, sanctions evidently is quite substantial. ering danger commands the collective are not that bad. That is no shooting or Direct American leadership is long attention, effort, and action of the en- killing. But sanctions and boycotts and overdue. There must be a comprehen- tire international community. This embargoes, these are acts of war. And, sive interagency effort to develop and time the nations of the world which are of course, many times our administra- implement the necessary plan, and committed to peace, security, and the tion has expressed the sentiment that Congress must do its part. This must rule of law must embrace their respon- if necessary we are going to use force be a top bipartisan priority. And yet sibilities, not flinch from them, as, un- against Iran; we are going to start while the U.S. must act expeditiously, fortunately, has been too often the bombing. And why do we follow this it must also act effectively. We must case. sufficiently consider all tools at our policy? Especially since it literally Through this resolution today, the disposal, and we must take care not to helps the radicals in Iran. This mobi- House speaks with one voice in con- inadvertently make matters worse by lizes them. There is an undercurrent in demning in the strongest possible our rhetoric or by our actions. Iran that is sympathetic to America, terms the many breaches and failures For example, we should consider and yet this brings the radicals to- of the government of Iran to comply ‘‘smart sanctions’’ that would target gether by this type of language and with its nuclear nonproliferation obli- Iran’s leadership, avoid harming the threats. There is no doubt that our pol- gations. In this resolution, we call on Iranian population and have strong icy helps the hard-liners. all responsible members of the inter- There has been no talk, it has been international support. national community to impose eco- implied, but there has been no serious There are no easy answers or simple nomic sanctions designed to deny Iran talk that Iran is a threat to our na- solutions; but as I have emphasized nu- the ability to develop nuclear weapons tional security. There is no way. Even merous times now, there are many and to encourage its people to get the if they had nuclear weapons, they are tools at our disposal, many more than government to change its dangerous not going to be a threat to our national this administration has used to date. I and reckless policies. am committed to doing whatever I can security. Pakistan, that is not a demo- to effectively address the problems cratic nation. It happens to be a mili- b 1045 posed by Iran, and I ask my colleagues tary dictatorship. They have nuclear We urge the members of the United to join me in this effort. weapons. India has nuclear weapons. As Nations Security Council to take ac- Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speak- a matter of fact, the nuclear weapons tion in response to Iran’s noncompli- er, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman serve as a balance of power between ance with its international obligations. from Texas (Mr. PAUL), a member of two countries. The Soviets, had 30,000 Let no one harbor any illusions: The the International Relations Com- nuclear weapons, and we followed a government of Iran, which is recog- mittee. policy of containment. We did not say nized as a state sponsor of terrorism,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:18 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K16FE7.009 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H341 believes it can exploit international ir- find that there were no weapons of Russian-led negotiated settlement. I resolution, and it will prey on vacilla- mass destruction. ask Members to consider that this res- tion. The international community Madam Speaker, I will include for olution would put us on the threshold must stand as one against this law- the RECORD an article from the Wash- of war. breaker, whose record leaves no doubt ington Post dated August 2, 2005, which Now, I stand with Mr. LANTOS in de- of its motivations. says, ‘‘A major U.S. intelligence review fense of the right of Israel to survive. I Iran failed to properly disclose the has projected that Iran is about a dec- voted for legislation yesterday that existence of a fuel enrichment plant ade away from manufacturing the key challenges any nation that would call and facility at Natanz until both were ingredients for nuclear weapons, rough- for the destruction of Israel, and we revealed by opposition groups. It has ly doubling the previous estimate of 5 should do that. But we don’t have to go failed to meet its obligations under its years.’’ It goes on to say that ‘‘this to war against Iran or to set the stage safeguard agreement with the Inter- carefully hedged assessment, which for a war against Iran when we have national Atomic Energy Agency to re- represents consensus among U.S. intel- diplomatic means of resolving this. We port all nuclear material it has im- ligence agencies, contrasts with force- should continue to pursue diplomacy. ported. It confirmed that it had con- ful public statements by the White Madam Speaker, I include the arti- ducted research on uranium conversion House. Administration officials have cles referred to earlier for the RECORD. processes, but only after it denied asserted but have not offered proof [From washingtonpost.com, Aug. 2, 2005] doing so. On February 4, in response to that Tehran is moving determinedly IRAN IS JUDGED 10 YEARS FROM NUCLEAR a 27–3 vote by the International Atomic toward a nuclear arsenal.’’ BOMB Energy Agency board to report Iran to I also include for the record the re- (By Dafna Linzer) the Security Council, Iran ended vol- marks of Angela Merkel, who is the A major U.S. intelligence review has pro- untary cooperation with the agency leader of Germany, who says that we jected that Iran is about a decade away from have not used all of our available win- manufacturing the key ingredient for a nu- and announced it would start large- clear weapon, roughly doubling the previous scale enrichment activities. dows of opportunity. She saw an oppor- estimate of five years, according to govern- I suggest to us and to our inter- tunity for a negotiated settlement. As ment sources with firsthand knowledge of national allies that standing silent, a matter of fact, in this news dispatch the new analysis. standing back, standing without ac- out of Berlin from yesterday, the Ger- The carefully hedged assessments, which tion, is not an option. It goes without man chancellor says there are real represent consensus among US. intelligence saying that an Iran armed with nuclear chances for a diplomatic deal to defuse agencies, contrast with forceful public state- ments by the White House. Administration weapons constitutes a threat to the na- the ongoing crisis over Iran’s nuclear officials have asserted, but have not offered tional security interests of the United program. proof, that Tehran is moving determinedly States of America. Let me remind all Madam Speaker, I include for the toward a nuclear arsenal. The new estimate of us, the gentleman from Texas indi- record a news report out of Moscow and could provide more time for diplomacy with cated that they were not a threat to us. Tehran of yesterday which says that Iran over its nuclear ambitions. President There are 250,000 Americans as we de- Iran and Russia will hold talks on Mon- Bush has said that he wants the crisis re- bate this resolution right now in range day on a Russian offer to conduct ura- solved diplomatically but that ‘‘all options nium enrichment for Iran in the Rus- are on the table.’’ of Iranian weapons, so it is not just The new National Intelligence Estimate those who live in the Middle East who sian territory. This would avert what is includes what the intelligence community are put at risk, it is those of us who are a building crisis. views as credible indicators that Iran’s mili- there, and the security of the inter- Madam Speaker, I include for the tary is conducting clandestine work. But the national community is put at risk. record an analysis that was done of the sources said there is no information linking Our concerns are only heightened by joint resolution on Iraq, this was done those projects directly to a nuclear weapons the inflammatory, irresponsible state- by myself, that pointed out the flaws program. What is clear is that Iran, mostly through its energy program, is acquiring and ments of the Iranian president, who in a resolution that was presented to this House. This is an analysis from mastering technologies that could be di- has stated his hope for ‘‘a world with- verted to bombmaking. out America.’’ That is the nation that October 2, 2002, that relates to ana- The estimate expresses uncertainty about stands on the doorstep of becoming a lyzing the Iraq resolution. I think this whether Iran’s ruling clerics have made a de- nuclear power. He has further stated would be very valuable when you com- cision to build a nuclear arsenal, three U.S. his desire to ‘‘wipe Israel off the map.’’ pare it side by side with the resolution sources said. Still, a senior intelligence offi- The United States will not stand still that we have now. cial familiar with the findings said that ‘‘it for that. A regime that has the objec- Madam Speaker, I want to call to the is the judgment of the intelligence commu- Members’ attention the same article nity that, left to its own devices, Iran is de- tive to have nuclear weapons will make termined to build nuclear weapons.’’ the Middle East more dangerous in an that Mr. PAUL called to Members’ at- At no time in the past three years has the extraordinary geometric way. tention, section 3 of the enactment White House attributed its assertions about Madam Speaker, when the Security clause, which calls on members of the Iran to U.S. intelligence, as it did about Iraq Council considers Iran’s flagrant and United Nations Security Council, par- in the run-up to the March 2003 invasion. In- deceptive abuse in March, I urge it to ticularly the Russian Federation and stead, it has pointed to years of Iranian con- act as one. Today, I urge us to act as the People’s Republic of China, to ex- cealment and questioned why a country with peditiously consider and take action in as much oil as Iran would require a large- one in sending a very clear, very clear, scale nuclear energy program. unmistakable message: This will not response to the report of Iran’s non- The NIE addresses those assertions and of- stand. compliance. This is in response to a re- fers alternative views supporting and chal- Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, I am port of Iran’s noncompliance and ful- lenging the assumptions they are based on. pleased to yield 4 minutes to my good fillment of the mandate of the Security Those familiar with the new judgments, friend from Ohio (Mr. KUCINICH). Council to respond and deal with situa- which have not been previously detailed, (Mr. KUCINICH asked and was given tions bearing on the maintenance of would discuss only limited elements of the permission to revise and extend his re- international peace and security. estimate and only on the condition of ano- The importance of this point and this nymity, because the report is classified, as is marks.) some of the evidence on which it is based. Mr. KUCINICH. I want to thank my amendment is that this point under- Top policymakers are scrutinizing the re- friend and indicate that I rise in oppo- mines and sets aside the only possi- view, several administration officials said, as sition. bility for a peaceful resolution of this the White House formulates the next steps of This rhetoric that we are hearing on crisis, namely the offer by Russia to an Iran policy long riven by infighting and the House floor from people who I have enrich uranium for Iran to use in its competing strategies. For three years, the to say I do respect greatly is eerily nuclear power plants. Iran would not administration has tried, with limited suc- reminiscent of the debate in this House operate any enrichment processing fa- cess, to increase pressure on Iran by focusing prior to the United States authorizing cilities of its own, so we have an oppor- attention on its nuclear program. Those ef- forts have been driven as much by inter- an attack on Iraq. I think we can look tunity to put aside this crisis if we see national diplomacy as by the intelligence. back today and say that the U.S. what is developing now. This resolu- The NIE, ordered by the National Intel- rushed into war against Iraq, only to tion, unfortunately, would scuttle the ligence Council in January, is the first major

VerDate Aug 31 2005 00:35 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K16FE7.013 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE H342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 16, 2006 review since 2001 of what is known and what ‘‘If someone has a good idea for a missile Stern magazine interview, adding that she is unknown about Iran. Additional assess- program, and he has really good connections, saw ‘‘real chances for a negotiated solution.’’ ments produced during Bush’s first term he’ll get that program through,’’ said Gordon Merkel said Iran had to recognize that its were narrow in scope, and some were re- Oehler, who ran the CIA’s nonproliferation decision to resume uranium enrichment and jected by advocates of policies that were in- center and served as deputy director of the to cut inspection rights for International consistent with the intelligence judgments. presidential commission on weapons of mass Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors One such paper was a 2002 review that destruction. ‘‘But that doesn’t mean there is had left Tehran isolated. former and current officials said was com- a master plan for a nuclear weapon.’’ Germany, France and Britain—the EU–3— missioned by national security adviser Ste- The commission found earlier this year led talks over the past few years aimed at phen J. Hadley, who was then deputy ad- that U.S. intelligence knows ‘‘disturbingly reaching a deal exchanging aid and trade for viser, to assess the possibility for ‘‘regime little’’ about Iran, and about North Korea. cut-backs in Iran’s nuclear research which change’’ in Iran. Those findings described the Much of what is known about Tehran has the US and many European countries believe Islamic republic on a slow march toward de- been learned through analyzing communica- is aimed at nuclear weapons. mocracy and cautioned against U.S. inter- tion intercepts, satellite imagery and the But last month the EU–3 declared negotia- ference in that process, said the officials, work of U.N. inspectors who have been inves- tions had reached a ‘‘dead end’’ and referred who would describe the paper’s classified tigating Iran for more than two years. In- Iran to the IAEA which voted to send Tehran findings only on the condition of anonymity. spectors uncovered facilities for uranium to the UN Security Council. Tehran insists its nuclear programme is The new estimate takes a broader ap- conversion and enrichment, results of pluto- for peaceful purposes. proach to the question of Iran’s political fu- nium tests, and equipment bought illicitly ture. But it is unable to answer whether the from Pakistan—all of which raised serious [The Indian Express, Feb. 16, 2006] country’s ruling clerics will still be in con- concerns but could be explained by an energy URANIUM ENRICHMENT: IRAN, RUSSIA TALKS trol by the time the country is capable of program. Inspectors have found no proof that ON MONDAY producing fissile material. The administra- Iran possesses a nuclear warhead design or is tion keeps ‘‘hoping the mullahs will leave conducting a nuclear weapons program. Iran and Russia will hold talks on Monday before Iran gets a nuclear weapons capa- The NIE comes more than two years after on a Russian offer to conduct uranium en- bility,’’ said an official familiar with policy the intelligence community assessed, wrong- richment for Iran on Russian territory. ‘‘The discussions. ly, in an October 2002 estimate that then- Iran side has provided official notification on Intelligence estimates are designed to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had weapons their arrival . . ,’’ Interfax reported. alert the president of national security de- The confirmation from Iran comes a day of mass destruction and was reconstituting velopments and help guide policy. The new after Iranian parliament speaker Gholam Ali his nuclear program. The judgments were de- Iran findings were described as well docu- Haddad Adel had called for Venezuela to join classified and made public by the Bush ad- mented and well written, covering such top- his country in forming an alliance to counter ministration as it sought to build support for ics as military capabilities, expected popu- threats from the world’s nuclear powers dur- lation growth and the oil industry. The as- invading Iraq five months later. ing his visit to that country. He had accused At a congressional hearing last Thursday, sessments of Iran’s nuclear program appear the US of attacking Iran’s nuclear pro- in a separate annex to the NIE known as a Gen. Michael V. Hayden, deputy director of gramme in order to undermine Iran’s inde- memorandum to holders. national intelligence, said that new rules re- pendence. ‘‘It’s a full look at what we know, what we cently were imposed for crafting NIBs and Haddad Adel, part of the Iranian delega- don’t know and what assumptions we have,’’ that there would be ‘‘a higher tolerance for tion, had thanked President Hugo Chavez’s a U.S. source said. ambiguity,’’ even if it meant producing esti- government for its ‘‘favorable position’’ to- Until recently, Iran was judged, according mates with less definitive conclusions. wards Iran, especially its support on the to February testimony by Vice Adm. Lowell The Iran NIE, sources said, includes cre- International Atomic Energy Agency board E. Jacoby, director of the Defense Intel- ative analysis and alternative theories that earlier this month, when Venezuela voted ligence Agency, to be within five years of the could explain some of the suspicious activi- against referring Iran to the UN Security capability to make a nuclear weapon. Since ties discovered in Iran in the past three Council. 1995, U.S. officials have continually esti- years. Iran has said its nuclear infrastruc- Asked by reporters if Iran would accept mated Iran to be ‘‘within five years’’ from ture was built for energy production, not Moscow’s proposal to enrich uranium on reaching that same capability. So far, it has weapons. Russian soil, Haddad Adel had said: ‘‘If that not. Assessed as plausible, but unverifiable, is means we are deprived from peaceful use of The new estimate extends the timeline, Iran’s public explanation that it built the nuclear energy . . . we could study the Rus- judging that Iran will be unlikely to produce program in secret, over 18 years, because it sian proposal.’’ a sufficient quantity of highly enriched ura- feared attack by the United States or Israel Haddad Adel had also denied his country nium, the key ingredient for an atomic if the work was exposed. had flouted international rules by resuming weapon, before ‘‘early to mid-next decade,’’ In January, before the review, Vice Presi- small-scale uranium enrichment activities according to four sources familiar with that dent Cheney suggested Iranian nuclear ad- at Natanz, the country’s main enrichment finding. The sources said the shift, based on vances were so pressing that Israel may be plant. ‘‘All we’ve done is reinitiate nuclear a better understanding of Iran’s technical forced to attack facilities, as it had done 23 energy research at the laboratory level. We limitations, puts the timeline closer to 2015 years earlier in Iraq. have not said anything new or committed and in line with recently revised British and In an April 2004 speech, John R. Bolton— any crime.’’ Israeli figures. then the administration’s point man on Iran’s economy minister, meanwhile, The estimate is for acquisition of fissile weapons of mass destruction and now Bush’s warned that oil prices could rise to unex- material, but there is no firm view expressed temporarily appointed U.N. ambassador— pected levels if the Islamic republic was sub- on whether Iran would be ready by then with said: ‘‘If we permit Iran’s deception to go on jected to sanctions over its disputed nuclear an implosion device, sources said. much longer, it will be too late. Iran will programme. The time line is portrayed as a minimum have nuclear weapons.’’ ‘‘Any sanctions in the current situation designed to reflect a program moving full But the level of certainty, influenced by di- would be more detrimental for the West than speed ahead without major technical obsta- plomacy and intelligence, appears to have for Iran,’’ Davoud Danesh-Jaafari was quoted cles. It does not take into account that Iran shifted. as saying by the state TV. ‘‘Iran is in a very has suspended much of its uranium-enrich- Asked in June, after the NIE was done, important regional situation, and any dis- ment work as part of a tenuous deal with whether Iran had a nuclear effort underway, turbance of the economic and political situa- Britain, France and Germany. Iran an- Bolton’s successor, Robert G. Joseph, under- tion of the country could turn the regional nounced yesterday that it intends to resume secretary of state for arms control, said: ‘‘I situation into a crisis and increase price of some of that work if the European talks fall don’t know quite how to answer that because oil higher than what the West expects,’’ he short of expectations. we don’t have perfect information or perfect said. ‘‘Iran has a high economic capacity, and by Sources said the new timeline also reflects understanding. But the Iranian records what relying on its experience during the war a fading of suspicions that Iran’s military the Iranian leaders have said . . . lead us to (with Iraq from 1980–88) is ready to face any has been running its own separate and covert conclude that we have to be highly skep- problem,’’ he added. enrichment effort. But there is evidence of tical.’’ clandestine military work on missiles and ANALYSIS OF JOINT RESOLUTION ON IRAQ BY centrifuge research and development that [From expatica.com, Feb. 15, 2006] could be linked to a nuclear program, four DENNIS J. KUCINICH sources said. IRANIAN NUCLEAR DEAL IS STILL POSSIBLE: Whereas in 1990 in response to Iraq’s war of Last month, U.S. officials shared some MERKEL aggression against an illegal occupation of data on the missile program with U.N. nu- German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Kuwait, the United States forged a coalition clear inspectors, based on drawings obtained Wednesday she still saw real chances for a of nations to liberate Kuwait and its people last November. The documents include de- diplomatic deal to defuse the ongoing crisis in order to defend the national security of sign modifications for Iran’s Shahab-3 mis- over Iran’s nuclear programme. the United States and enforce United Na- sile to make the room required for a nuclear ‘‘We still have not used all our available tions Security Council resolutions relating warhead, U.S. and foreign officials said. window of opportunity,’’ Merkel said in a to Iraq;

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In the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq had Whereas after the liberation of Kuwait in wrongfully seized by Iraq from Kuwait; a demonstrated capability of biological and 1991, Iraq entered into a United Nations Key issue: This language is so broad that it chemical weapons, but did not have the will- sponsored cease-fire agreement pursuant to would allow the President to order an attack ingness to use them against the United which Iraq unequivocally agreed, among against Iraq even when there is no material States Armed Forces. Congress has not been other things, to eliminate its nuclear, bio- threat to the United States. Since this reso- provided with any credible information, logical, and chemical weapons programs and lution authorizes the use of force for all Iraq which proves that Iraq has provided inter- the means to deliver and develop them, and related violations of the UN Security Coun- national terrorists with weapons of mass de- to end its support for international ter- cil directives, and since the resolution cites struction. rorism; Iraq’s imprisonment of non-Iraqi prisoners, Whereas United Nations Security Council Whereas the efforts of international weap- this resolution would authorize the Presi- Resolution 678 authorizes the use of all nec- ons inspectors, United States intelligence dent to attack Iraq in order to liberate Ku- essary means to enforce United Nations Se- agencies, and Iraqi defectors led to the dis- wait citizens who may or may not be in Iraqi curity Council Resolution 660 and subsequent covery that Iraq had large stockpiles of prisons, even if Iraq met compliance with all relevant resolutions and to compel Iraq to chemical weapons and a large scale biologi- requests to destroy any weapons of mass de- cease certain activities that threaten inter- cal weapons program, and that Iraq had an struction. Though in 2002 at the Arab Sum- national peace and security, including the advanced nuclear weapons development pro- mit, Iraq and Kuwait agreed to bilateral ne- development of weapons of mass destruction gram that was much closer to producing a gotiations to work out all claims relating to and refusal or obstruction of United Nations nuclear weapon than intelligence reporting stolen property and prisoners of war. This weapons inspections in violation of United had previously indicated; use-of-force resolution enables the President Nations Security Council Resolution 687, re- Key issue: UN inspection teams identified to commit U.S. troops to recover Kuwaiti pression of its civilian population in viola- and destroyed nearly all such weapons. A property. tion of United Nations Security Council Res- lead inspector, Scott Ritter, said that he be- Whereas the current Iraqi regime has dem- olution 688, and threatening its neighbors or lieves that nearly all other weapons not onstrated its capability and willingness to United Nations operations in Iraq in viola- found were destroyed in the Gulf War. Fur- use weapons of mass destruction against tion of United Nations Security Council Res- thermore, according to a published report in other nations and its own people; olution 949; the Washington Post, the Central Intel- Whereas the current Iraqi regime has dem- Key Issue: The UN Charter forbids all ligence Agency has no up to date accurate onstrated its continuing hostility toward, member nations, including the United report on Iraq’s WMD capabilities. and willingness to attack, the United States, States, from unilaterally enforcing UN reso- Whereas Iraq, in direct and flagrant viola- including by attempting in 1993 to assas- lutions. Whereas Congress in the Authorization for tion of the cease-fire, attempted to thwart sinate former President Bush and by firing Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolu- the efforts of weapons inspectors to identify on many thousands of occasions on United tion (Public Law 102–1) has authorized the and destroy Iraq’s weapons of mass destruc- States and Coalition Armed Forces engaged President ‘‘to use United States Armed tion stockpiles and development capabilities, in enforcing the resolutions of the United Forces pursuant to United Nations Security which finally resulted in the withdrawal of Nations Security Council; Council Resolution 678 (1990) in order to inspectors from Iraq on October 31, 1998; Key Issue: The Iraqi regime has never at- achieve implementation of Security Council Key issues: Iraqi deceptions always failed. tacked nor does it have the capability to at- Resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, The inspectors always figured out what Iraq tack the United States. The ‘‘no fly’’ zone 670, 674, and 677’’; was doing. It was the United States that was not the result of a UN Security Council withdrew from the inspections in 1998. And Key Issue: The UN Charter forbids all directive. It was illegally imposed by the member nations, including the United the United States then launched a cruise United States, Great Britain and France and States, from unilaterally enforcing UN reso- missile attack against Iraq 48 hours after the is not specifically sanctioned by any Secu- lutions with military force. inspectors left. In advance of a military rity Council resolution. Whereas in December 1991, Congress ex- strike, the U.S. continues to thwart (the Ad- Whereas members of al Qaida, an organiza- pressed its sense that it ‘‘supports the use of ministration’s word) weapons inspections. tion bearing responsibility for attacks on the all necessary means to achieve the goals of Whereas in 1998 Congress concluded that United States, its citizens, and interests, in- United Nations Security Council Resolution Iraq’s continuing weapons of mass destruc- cluding the attacks that occurred on Sep- 687 as being consistent with the Authoriza- tion programs threatened vital United tember 11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq; tion of Use of Military Force Against Iraq States interests and international peace and Key Issue: There is no credible intelligence Resolution (Public Law 102–1),’’ that Iraq’s security, declared Iraq to be in ‘‘material that connects Iraq to the events of 9/11 or to repression of its civilian population violates and unacceptable breach of its international participation in those events by assisting Al United Nations Security Council Resolution obligations’’ and urged the President ‘‘to Qaida. 688 and ‘‘constitutes a continuing threat to take appropriate action, in accordance with Whereas Iraq continues to aid and harbor the peace, security, and stability of the Per- the Constitution and relevant laws of the other international terrorist organizations, sian Gulf region,’’ and that Congress, ‘‘sup- United States, to bring Iraq into compliance including organizations that threaten the ports the use of all necessary means to with its international obligations’’ (Public lives and safety of American citizens; achieve the goals of United Nations Security Law 105–235); Key Issue: Any connection between Iraq Council Resolution 688’’; Whereas Iraq both poses a continuing support of terrorist groups in Middle East, is Key Issue: This clause demonstrates the threat to the national security of the United an argument for focusing great resources on proper chronology of the international proc- States and international peace and security resolving the conflict between Israel and the ess, and contrasts the current march to war. in the Persian Gulf region and remains in Palestinians. It is not sufficient reason for In 1991, the UN Security Council passed a material and unacceptable breach of its the U.S. to launch a unilateral preemptive resolution asking for enforcement of its reso- international obligations by, among other strike against Iraq. lution. Member countries authorized their things, continuing to possess and develop a Whereas the attacks on the United States troops to participate in a UN-led coalition to significant chemical and biological weapons of September 11, 2001 underscored the gravity enforce the UN resolutions. Now the Presi- capability, actively seeking a nuclear weap- of the threat posed by the acquisition of dent is asking Congress to authorize a uni- ons capability, and supporting and harboring weapons of mass destruction by inter- lateral first strike before the UN Security terrorist organizations; national terrorist organizations; Council has asked its member states to en- Key issues: There is no proof that Iraq rep- Key Issue: There is no connection between force UN resolutions. resents an imminent or immediate threat to Iraq and the events of 9/11. Whereas the Iraq Liberation Act (Public the United States. A ‘‘continuing’’ threat Whereas Iraq’s demonstrated capability Law 105–338) expressed the sense of Congress does not constitute a sufficient cause for and willingness to use weapons of mass de- that it should be the policy of the United war. The Administration has refused to pro- struction, the risk that the current Iraqi re- States to support efforts to remove from vide the Congress with credible intelligence gime will either employ those weapons to power the current Iraqi regime and promote that proves that Iraq is a serious threat to launch a surprise attack against the United the emergence of a democratic government the United States and is continuing to pos- States or its Armed Forces or provide them to replace that regime; sess and develop chemical and biological and to international terrorists who would do so, Key Issue: This ‘‘Sense of Congress’’ reso- nuclear weapons. Furthermore there is no and the extreme magnitude of harm that lution was not binding. Furthermore, while credible intelligence connecting Iraq to Al would result to the United States and its Congress supported democratic means of re- Qaida and 9/11. citizens from such an attack, combine to jus- moving Saddam Hussein it clearly did not Whereas Iraq persists in violating resolu- tify action by the United States to defend endorse the use of force contemplated in this tions of the United Nations Security Council itself; resolution, nor did it endorse assassination by continuing to engage in brutal repression Key Issue: There is no credible evidence as a policy. of its civilian population thereby threat- that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruc- Whereas on September 12, 2002, President ening international peace and security in the tion. If Iraq has successfully concealed the Bush committed the United States to ‘‘work

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SUPPORT FOR UNITED STATES DIPLO- cluding resolutions to enforce human rights meet our common challenge’’ posed by Iraq MATIC EFFORTS and the recovery of Kuwaiti property. and to ‘‘work for the necessary resolutions,’’ The Congress of the United States supports PRESIDENTIAL DETERMINATION.— while also making clear that ‘‘the Security the efforts by the President to— In connection with the exercise of the au- Council resolutions will be enforced, and the (a) strictly enforce through the United Na- thority granted in subsection (a) to use force just demands of peace and security will be tions Security Council all relevant Security the President shall, prior to such exercise or met, or action will be unavoidable’’; Council resolutions applicable to Iraq and as soon thereafter as may be feasible, but no Whereas the United States is determined encourages him in those efforts; and later than 48 hours after exercising such au- to prosecute the war on terrorism and Iraq’s (b) obtain prompt and decisive action by thority, make available to the Speaker of ongoing support for international terrorist the Security Council to ensure that Iraq the House of Representatives and the Presi- groups combined with its development of abandons its strategy of delay, evasion and dent pro tempore of the Senate his deter- weapons of mass destruction in direct viola- noncompliance and promptly and strictly mination that— tion of its obligations under the 1991 complies with all relevant Security Council (1) reliance by the United States on further ceasefire and other United Nations Security resolutions. diplomatic or other peaceful means alone ei- Council resolutions make clear that it is in Key Issue: Congress can and should support ther (A) will not adequately protect the na- the national security interests of the United this clause. However Section 3 (which fol- tional security of the United States against States and in furtherance of the war on ter- lows) undermines the effectiveness of this the continuing threat posed by Iraq or (B) is rorism that all relevant United Nations Se- section. Any peaceful settlement requires not likely to lead to enforcement of all rel- curity Council resolutions be enforced, in- Iraq compliance. The totality of this resolu- evant United Nations Security Council reso- cluding through the use of force if necessary; tion indicates the Administration will wage lutions regarding Iraq, and Key Issue: Unilateral action against Iraq war against Iraq no matter what. This under- (2) acting pursuant to this resolution is will cost the United States the support of mines negotiations. consistent with the United States and other the world community, adversely affecting SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED countries continuing to take the necessary the war on terrorism. No credible intel- STATES ARMED FORCES. actions against international terrorists and ligence exists which connects Iraq to the AUTHORIZATION. The President is author- terrorist organizations, including those na- events of 9/11 or to those terrorists who per- ized to use the Armed Forces of the United tions, organizations or persons who planned, petrated 9/11. Under international law, the States as he determines to be necessary and authorized, committed or aided the terror- United States does not have the authority to appropriate in order to— ists attacks that occurred on September 11, unilaterally order military action to enforce (1) defend the national security of the 2001. United States against the continuing threat UN Security Council resolutions. (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- posed by Iraq; and Whereas Congress has taken steps to pur- MENTS.— (2) enforce all relevant United Nations Se- sue vigorously the war on terrorism through (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— curity Council Resolutions regarding Iraq. the provision of authorities and funding re- Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Key Issue: This clause is substantially quested by the President to take the nec- Powers Resolution, the Congress declares similar to the authorization that the Presi- essary actions against international terror- that this section is intended to constitute dent originally sought. ists and terrorist organizations, including specific statutory authorization within the It gives authority to the President to act those nations, organizations or persons who meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers prior to and even without a UN resolution, planned, authorized, committed or aided the Resolution. and it authorizes the President to use U.S. terrorist attacks that occurred on Sep- (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- troops to enforce UN resolutions even with- tember 11, 2001 or harbored such persons or MENTS.—Nothing in this resolution super- out UN request for it. This is a violation of organizations; sedes any requirement of the War Powers Chapter VII of the UN Charter, which re- Key Issue: The Administration has not pro- Resolution. serves the ability to authorize force for that vided Congress with any proof that Iraq is in SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. purpose to the Security Council, alone. any way connected to the events of 9/11. (a) The President shall, at least once every Under Chapter VII of the Charter of the Whereas the President and Congress are 60 days, submit to the Congress a report on United Nations, ‘‘The Security Council shall determined to continue to take all appro- matters relevant to this joint resolution, in- determine the existence of any threat to the priate actions against international terror- cluding actions taken pursuant to the exer- peace . . . and shall make recommendations ists and terrorist organizations, including cise of authority granted in section 2 and the to maintain or restore international peace those nations, organizations or persons who status of planning for efforts that are ex- and security.’’ (Article 39). Only the Security planned, authorized, committed or aided the pected to be required after such actions are Council can decide that military force would terrorist attacks that occurred on Sep- completed, including those actions described be necessary, ‘‘The Security Council may de- tember 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or in section 7 of Public Law 105–338 (the Iraq cide what measures . . . are to be employed organizations; Liberation Act of 1998). Key Issue: The Administration has not pro- to give effect to its decisions (Article 41) . . . (b) To the extent that the submission of vided Congress with any proof that Iraq is in [and] it may take such action by air, sea, or any report described in subsection (a) coin- any way connected to the events of 9/11. Fur- land forces as may be necessary to maintain cides with the submission of any other re- thermore, there is no credible evidence that or restore international peace and security.’’ port on matters relevant to this joint resolu- Iraq has harbored those who were responsible (Article 43). Furthermore, the resolution au- tion otherwise required to be submitted to for planning, authorizing or committing the thorizes use of force illegally, since the UN Congress pursuant to the reporting require- attacks of 9/11. Security Council has not requested it. Ac- ments of Public Law 93–148 (the War Powers Whereas the President has authority under cording to the UN Charter, members of the Resolution), all such reports may be sub- the Constitution to take action in order to UN, such as the U.S., are required to ‘‘make mitted as a single consolidated report to the deter and prevent acts of international ter- available to the Security Council, on its call Congress. rorism against the United States, as Con- and in accordance with a special agreement (c) To the extent that the information re- gress recognized in the joint resolution on or agreements, armed forces. . .’’ (Article 43, quired by section 3 of Public Law 102–1 is in- Authorization for Use of Military Force emphasis added). The UN Security Council cluded in the report required by this section, (Public Law 107–40); and has not called upon its members to use mili- such report shall be considered as meeting Key Issue: This resolution was specific to 9/ tary force against Iraq at the current time. 11. It was limited to a response to 9/11. Furthermore, changes to the language of the requirements of section 3 of Public Law Whereas it is in the national security in- the previous use-of-force resolution, drafted 102–1. terests of the United States to restore inter- by the White House and objected to by many Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speak- national peace and security to the Persian members of Congress, are cosmetic: er, I yield myself such time as I may Gulf region; In section (1), the word ‘‘continuing’’ was consume to refute some of the state- Key Issue: If by the ‘‘national security in- added to ‘‘the threat posed by Iraq’’. ments that have been made against the terests’’ of the United States, the Adminis- In section (2), the word ‘‘relevant’’ is added tration means oil, it ought to communicate to ‘‘United Nations Security Council Resolu- resolution. such to the Congress. A unilateral attack on tions’’ and the words ‘‘regarding Iraq’’ were Madam Speaker, H. Con. Res. 341 Iraq by the United States will cause insta- added to the end. clearly outlines the Iran threat, not bility and chaos in the region and sow the While these changes are represented as a just as assessed by the United States, seeds of future conflicts all over the world. compromise or a new material development, not just as assessed by the Europeans, Now, therefore, be it the effects of this resolution are largely the but by the International Atomic En- Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep- same as the previous White House proposal. ergy Agency. After dealing with the resentatives of the United States of America in The UN resolutions, which could be cited Iran case for over 3 years, it reaffirms Congress assembled, by the President to justify sending U.S. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. troops to Iraq, go far beyond addressing the position of the United States, of This joint resolution may be cited as the weapons of mass destruction. These could in- the U.S. Congress, as articulated ‘‘Authorization for the Use of Military Force clude, at the President’s discretion, such through the passage of previous meas- Against Iraq’’. ‘‘relevant’’ resolutions ‘‘regarding Iraq’’ in- ures, that Iran has forfeited any right

VerDate Aug 31 2005 00:35 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.018 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H345 for any access to nuclear technology or great significance, as the IAEA identi- My government is pleased to have joined materials. fied this document as being related to an overwhelming majority of Board members In response to previous statements the fabrication of nuclear weapon com- in signaling to Iran through adoption of this regarding this resolution and sanc- ponents, the first time the inter- resolution the Board’s firm determination that Iran must meet its nonproliferation ob- tions, stating that it would isolate the national body has attributed a nuclear ligations. Iranian people, on the contrary, weapons purpose to activities by Iran. Madam Speaker, if Iran were to go The Board’s September 24, 2005 resolution Madam Speaker, sanctions would em- found Iran in noncompliance with its safe- power the Iranian people because it nuclear, many other countries in this guards obligations pursuant to Article XII.C. would weaken this regime. combustible region, including Saudi That resolution also found that pursuant Arabia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey, to More importantly, due to the Iran to Article III.B.4, Iran’s nuclear program economy’s vulnerabilities, the sanc- name a few, might follow. This pro- raises questions that fall within the com- tions and the denial of billions of dol- liferation would pose a grave threat to petence of the UNSC. lars of oil investments would deny the our security and certainly the security At that time and again in November, we regime in Tehran the funds that they of our allies. deferred reporting Iran to the Council to give need to carry out this nuclear program Some criticize our European partners Iran yet another opportunity to choose di- and to continue with its extremist ter- for failing in their negotiations with plomacy over confrontation. rorist activities. Iran. I agree that it has taken us too Unfortunately, Iran did not take that op- In closing, I would like to remind my long to get to this point, but, frankly, portunity. As a result, the Board today car- colleagues that in the summer of 2001 when you think about it, our hand is ried forward the statutory process begun in Iran’s ayatollah expressed Iran’s com- strengthened at this point because of September, by voting to report this Board’s mitment to bring America to its knees. the European involvement. past findings and concerns regarding Iran’s Those were his statements. He added At the IAEA vote the other week, we noncompliance. that ‘‘the giant will fall,’’ the giant had the permanent five members of the I agree with the distinguished Ambassador being the United States of America. Security Council united. I am under no of Egypt that today’s report to the Security illusions that this united front will Council will not divest the IAEA of the chal- Combine this with what the director lenge posed by Iran. of the National Intelligence Agency, last, but it is an important first step. We will also hear from some that the We continue to expect the Agency’s inves- John Negroponte, said in his recent tigation of Iran’s nuclear program to proceed testimony. He said, while the assess- administration has outsourced its di- plomacy to the Europeans and has actively and urgently and we look forward to ment of when Iran would go nuclear is the Director General’s implementation re- about 5 to 10 years from now, he also stood by as Iran moves toward a nu- port in March. We note that the DG’s report expressed grave concerns that we did clear weapon. I will remind those that will also be conveyed to the UNSC imme- not really know the extent of Iran’s we alone cannot meet all security diately after our next meeting. nuclear activities. He said that Iran’s threats. We need partners. It is time to By reporting Iran to the Security Council 20-year pursuit of a covert program start challenging the norms that have now, we seek to add the Council’s weight to means that we cannot truly confirm developed over time. reinforce the Agency’s role, reinforce its in- any specific timeframe. The Iranians skillfully talk about vestigation, and add an imperative for Iran Mr. Negroponte also said that Iran’s their inalienable rights under the non- to choose a course of cooperation and nego- tiation over a course of confrontation. missile program, with a nuclear capa- proliferation treaty to develop the full bility, posed a serious concern for our nuclear fuel cycle, including its most The Agency has a specific mandate to deal with nuclear safeguards issues. This mandate U.S. security interests. sensitive aspects. Indeed, in the eyes of the IAEA, Iran’s crime has been its is without prejudice to the rights and re- Madam Speaker, I am proud to yield sponsibilities of the Security Council to ad- 4 minutes to the gentleman from Cali- failure to report its nuclear materials and the technology, not the nuclear ac- dress matters that raise questions of inter- fornia (Mr. ROYCE). national peace and security, as we have tivities themselves, including uranium Mr. ROYCE. I thank the chairwoman found is the case with Iran. enrichment. for yielding. That is why the IAEA Statute expressly Madam Speaker, I rise in support of b 1100 contemplates the Security Council’s involve- ment in such instances of noncompliance. this resolution. This resolution right- Under the guise of the NPT, Iran is fully condemns Iranian noncompliance And that is why the Board made clear in walking right up to the edge of devel- September that such a report is mandatory. with its nonproliferation obligations oping nuclear weapons. This is a viola- and calls upon the U.N. Security Coun- In his recent State of the Union address, tion of the spirit if not the letter of the President Bush emphasized that, ‘‘the Ira- cil to expeditiously consider this mat- NPT. ter. nian government is defying the world with My subcommittee will soon take a its nuclear ambitions, and the nations of the Madam Speaker, this is a grave mat- close look at this issue. This notion of world must not permit the Iranian regime to ter, one deserving of this House’s full rights has to be challenged, because if gain nuclear weapons.’’ and careful consideration. Iran, the we don’t, the world will be a very, very We believe that this Board decision sends a most active state sponsor of terrorism, dangerous place. strong and clear message to Iran’s leaders to is seeking nuclear weapons. Its regime Mr. Speaker, there are no easy an- abandon their pursuit of a nuclear weapons denies it, but the U.S. and many other swers. We need to think long and hard capability. nations know otherwise. Iran has a about what types of sanctions are con- We continue to seek a diplomatic solution long record of deceiving international structive in reaching the goal of pre- and we do not envision diplomacy ending as inspectors and has a history of dealing venting Iran from developing nuclear a result of this report. with the A.Q. Khan network. As chair- weapons. This challenge will require Quite the contrary, we see this as part of a man of the Subcommittee on Ter- careful and marked consideration by new phase of diplomacy, one aimed at rorism and Nonproliferation, nothing the administration, Congress, and our strengthening the ongoing efforts of the worries me more than this deadly com- Agency to investigate Iran’s deeply trou- partners as we move forward. It is too bling nuclear activities, and underscoring bination of terrorism and WMD. serious for anything else. For a closed country such as Iran, we the calls on Iran to resolve our concerns Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I include through peaceful diplomacy rather than actually know a great deal about the for the record the statement of the threats and confrontation. Iranian nuclear program. IAEA inspec- American representative to the IAEA Through this path, and only through this tors have played a key role in spot- Special Board of Governors meeting on path, can Iran persuasively demonstrate that lighting Iranian behavior. In its most February 4. it has now chosen to confine its nuclear pro- recent update to the 35 member IAEA Mr. Chairman, I wish to join other col- gram to exclusively peaceful purposes. Board of Governors, inspectors re- leagues in expressing condolences to the And through this path Iran can also start ported that Iran has in its possession a Egyptian delegation, and through them to to restore its standing in the international document on the production of ura- the Egyptian people, for yesterday’s tragedy community to the benefit of the Iranian peo- nium metal hemispheres. This is of on the Red Sea. ple.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:10 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K16FE7.015 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE H346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 16, 2006 Thank you Mr. Chairman. gramme by Iran responding positively to the resolutions to the next regular session of the Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I include calls for confidence building measures which Board, for its consideration, and imme- the Board has made on Iran, and in this con- diately thereafter to convey, together with for the RECORD the resolution adopted text deems it necessary for Iran to: any Resolution from the March Board, that by the Board of Governors of the Inter- re-establish full and sustained suspension report to the Security Council; and national Atomic Energy Agency. of all enrichment-related and reprocessing 9. Decides to remain seized of the matter. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NPT SAFEGUARDS activities, including research and develop- Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I include AGREEMENT IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF ment, to be verified by the Agency; for the RECORD a brief by the Deputy reconsider the construction of a research IRAN: RESOLUTION ADOPTED ON 4 FEBRUARY Director General For Safeguards on 2006 reactor moderated by heavy water; ratify promptly and implement in full the Iran’s development of nuclear weapons. THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS Additional Protocol; DEVELOPMENTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF (a) Recalling all the resolutions adopted by pending ratification, continue to act in ac- THE NPT SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT IN THE the Board on Iran’s nuclear programme, cordance with the provisions of the Addi- ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN AND AGENCY (b) Recalling also the Director General’s re- tional Protocol which Iran signed on 18 De- VERIFICATION OF IRAN’S SUSPENSION OF EN- ports, cember 2003; RICHMENT-RELATED AND REPROCESSING AC- (c) Recalling that Article IV of the Treaty implement transparency measures, as re- TIVITIES on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons quested by the Director General, including in The purpose of this brief is to provide an stipulates that nothing in the Treaty shall GOV/2005/67, which extend beyond the formal update on the developments that have taken be interpreted as affecting the inalienable requirements of the Safeguards Agreement place since November 2005 in connection with rights of all the Parties to the Treaty to de- and Additional Protocol, and include such the implementation of the NPT Safeguards velop research, production and use of nuclear access to individuals, documentation relat- Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran energy for peaceful purposes without dis- ing to procurement, dual use equipment, cer- (Iran) and on the Agency’s verification of crimination and in conformity with Articles tain military-owned workshops and research Iran’s voluntary suspension of enrichment I and II of the Treaty, and development as the Agency may request related and reprocessing activities. The brief (d) Commending the Director General and in support of its ongoing investigations; provides factual information concerning the Secretariat for their professional and im- 2. Requests the Director General to report those developments; it does not include any partial efforts to implement the Safeguards to the Security Council of the United Na- assessments thereof. Agreement in Iran, to resolve outstanding tions that these steps are required of Iran by Iran has continued to facilitate access safeguards issues in Iran and to verify the the Board and to report to the Security under its Safeguards Agreement as requested implementation by Iran of the suspension, Council all IAEA reports and resolutions, as by the Agency, and to act as if the Addi- (e) Recalling the Director General’s descrip- adopted, relating to this issue; tional Protocol is in force, including by pro- tion of this as a special verification case, 3. Expresses serious concern that the Agen- viding in a timely manner the requisite dec- (f) Recalling that in reports referred to cy is not yet in a position to clarify some larations and access to locations. important issues relating to Iran’s nuclear above, the Director General noted that after 1. ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME programme, including the fact that Iran has nearly three years of intensive verification As detailed in the Director General’s re- in its possession a document on the produc- activity, the Agency is not yet in a position port of 18 November 2005, during meetings tion of uranium metal hemispheres, since, as to clarify some important issues relating to that took place in October and November reported by the Secretariat, this process is Iran’s nuclear programme or to conclude 2005, the Agency requested Iran to provide related to the fabrication of nuclear weapon that there are no undeclared nuclear mate- additional information on certain aspects of components; and, noting that the decision to rials or activities in Iran, its enrichment programme. Responses to put this document under Agency seal is a (g) Recalling Iran’s many failures and some of these requests were provided during positive step, requests Iran to maintain this breaches of its obligations to comply with its discussions held in Tehran from 25 to 29 Jan- document under Agency seal and to provide NPT Safeguards Agreement and the absence uary 2006 between Iranian officials and an a full copy to the Agency; Agency team, headed by the Deputy Director of confidence that Iran’s nuclear programme 4. Deeplv regrets that, despite repeated calls General for Safeguards. This information is is exclusively for peaceful purposes resulting from the Board for the maintaining of the currently being assessed. from the history of concealment of Iran’s nu- suspension of all enrichment related and re- clear activities, the nature of those activi- processing activities which the Board has de- 1.A. Contamination ties and other issues arising from the Agen- clared essential to addressing outstanding As part of its assessment of the correctness cy’s verification of declarations made by issues, Iran resumed uranium conversion ac- and completeness of Iran’s declarations con- Iran since September 2002, tivities at its Isfahan facility on 8 August cerning its enrichment activities, the Agen- (h) Recalling that the Director General has 2005 and took steps to resume enrichment ac- cy is continuing to investigate the source(s) stated that Iran’s full transparency is indis- tivities on 10 January 2006; of low enriched uranium, LEU, particles, and pensable and overdue for the Agency to be 5. Calls on Iran to understand that there is some high enriched uranium (HEU) particles, able to clarify outstanding issues (GOV/2005/ a lack of confidence in Iran’s intentions in which were found at locations where Iran has 67), seeking to develop a fissile material produc- declared that centrifuge components had (i) Recalling the requests of the Agency for tion capability against the background of been manufactured, used and/or stored. Iran’s cooperation in following up on reports Iran’s record on safeguards as recorded in 1.B. The 1987 offer relating to equipment, materials and activi- previous Resolutions, and outstanding As previously reported to the Board, Iran ties which have applications in the conven- issues; and to reconsider its position in rela- showed the Agency in January 2005 a copy of tional military area and in the civilian tion to confidence-building measures, which a hand-written one-page document reflecting sphere as well as in the nuclear military area are voluntary, and non legally binding, and an offer said to have been made to Iran in (as indicated by the Director General in to adopt a constructive approach in relation 1987 by a foreign intermediary concerning GOV/2005/67), to negotiations that can result in increased the possible supply of a disassembled cen- (j) Recalling that in November 2005 the Di- confidence; trifuge (including drawings, descriptions and rector General reported (GOV/2005/87) that 6. Requests Iran to extend full and prompt specifications for the production of cen- Iran possesses a document related to the pro- cooperation to the Agency, which the Direc- trifuges); drawings, specifications and cal- cedural requirements for the reduction of tor General deems indispensable and over- culations for a ‘‘complete plant’’; and mate- UF6 to metal in small quantities, and on the due, and in particular to help the Agency rials for 2000 centrifuge machines. The docu- casting and machining of enriched, natural clarify possible activities which could have a ment also made reference to: auxiliary vacu- and depleted uranium metal into hemi- military nuclear dimension; um and electric drive equipment; a liquid ni- spherical forms, 7. Underlines that the Agency’s work on trogen plant; a water treatment and purifi- (k) Expressing serious concerns about Iran’s verifying Iran’s declarations is ongoing and cation plant; a complete set of workshop nuclear programme, and agreeing that an ex- requests the Director General to continue equipment for mechanical, electrical and tensive period of confidence-building is re- with his efforts to implement the Agency’s electronic support; and uranium re-conver- quired from Iran, Safeguards Agreement with Iran, to imple- sion and casting capabilities. (1) Reaffirming the Board’s resolve to con- ment the Additional Protocol to that Agree- On 25 January 2006, Iran reiterated that tinue to work for a diplomatic solution to ment pending its entry into force, with a the one-page document was the only remak- the Iranian nuclear issue, and view to providing credible assurances regard- ing documentary evidence relevant to the (m) Recognising that a solution to the Ira- ing the absence of undeclared nuclear mate- scope and content of the 1987 offer, attrib- nian issue would contribute to global non- rial and activities in Iran, and to pursue ad- uting this to the secret nature of the pro- proliferation efforts and to realising the ob- ditional transparency measures required for gramme and the management style of the jective of a Middle East free of weapons of the Agency to be able to resolve outstanding Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) mass destruction, including their means of issues and reconstruct the history and na- at that time. Iran stated that no other writ- delivery, ture of all aspects of Iran’s past nuclear ac- ten evidence exists, such as meeting min- 1. Underlines that outstanding questions tivities; utes, administrative documents, reports, per- can best be resolved and confidence built in 8. Requests the Director General to report sonal notebooks or the like, to substantiate the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran’s pro- on the implementation of this and previous its statements concerning that offer.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:08 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.004 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H347 1.C. Genesis of the mid-1990s offer tivities. The Agency has also requested sume, as from 9 January 2006, ‘‘those R&D on According to Iran, there were no contacts interviews with the individuals involved in the peaceful nuclear energy programme with the network between 1987 and mid-1993. the acquisition of those items. which ha[d] been suspended as part of its ex- Statements made by Iran and by key mem- On 26 January 2006, Iran presented to the panded voluntary and non-legally binding bers of the network about the events leading Agency documentation the Agency had pre- suspension’’ (GOV/INF/2006/1). On 7 January to the mid-1990s offer are still at variance viously requested on efforts by Iran, which it 2006, the Agency received a letter from Iran with each other. In this context, Iran has has stated were unsuccessful, to acquire a requesting that the Agency remove seals ap- been asked to provide further clarification of number of specific dual use items (electric plied at Natanz, Farayand Technique and the timing and purpose of certain trips taken drive equipment, power supply equipment Pars Trash for the monitoring of suspension by AEOI staff members in the mid-1990s. and laser equipment, including a dye laser). of enrichment related activities (see GOV/ P–1 centrifuge component deliveries in the Iran stated that, although the documenta- INF/2006/2). The seals were removed by Iran mid-1990s: Iran has been unable to supply tion suggested the involvement of the PHRC, on 10 and 11 January 2006 in the presence of any documentation or other information the equipment had actually been intended Agency inspectors. Since the removal of the seals, Iran has about the meetings that led to the acquisi- for a laboratory at a technical university started what it refers to as ‘‘small scale tion of 500 sets of P–1 centrifuge components where the Head of the PHRC worked as a R&D’’. As of 30 January 2006, Agency inspec- in the mid-1990s. The Agency is still awaiting professor. However, Iran declined to make tors had not seen any new installation or as- clarification of the dates and contents of him available to the Agency for an inter- sembly of centrifuges, or the feeding of UF these shipments. view. The DDG–SG reiterated the Agency’s 6 request to interview the professor, explain- material for enrichment. However, substan- P–2 centrifuge programme: Iran still main- tial renovation of the gas handling system is tains that, as a result of the discussions held ing that it was essential for a better under- standing of the envisioned and actual use of underway at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment with the intermediaries in the mid-1990s, the Plant (PFEP) at Natanz, and quality control intermediaries only supplied drawings for P– the equipment, which included balancing machines, mass spectrometers, magnets and of components and some rotor testing is 2 centrifuge components (which contained no being conducted at Farayand Technique and supporting specifications), and that no P–2 fluorine handling equipment (equipment that appears to be relevant to uranium en- Natanz. Due to the fact that all centrifuge- components were delivered along with the related raw materials and components are drawings or thereafter. Iran continues to as- richment). On that same day, the Agency also pre- without IAEA seals, the Agency’s super- sert that no work was carried out on P–2 cen- vision of the R&D activities being carried trifuges during the period 1995 to 2002, and sented to Iran a list of high vacuum equip- ment purchased by the PHRC, and asked to out by Iran cannot be effective except at that at no time during this period did it ever PFEP, where containment and surveillance discuss with the intermediaries the P–2 cen- see, and to take environmental samples from, the equipment in situ. The following measures are being applied for the enrich- trifuge design, or the possible supply of P–2 ment process. The two cylinders at Natanz centrifuge components. In light of informa- day, some of the high vacuum equipment on containing UF6, from which seals had been tion available to the Agency indicating the the Agency’s list was presented at a tech- nical university, and environmental samples removed on 10 January 2006, were again possible deliveries of such components, placed under Agency containment and sur- which information was shared with Iran, were taken from it. On 26 January 2006, Iran provided addi- veillance on 29 January 2006. Iran was asked in November 2005 to check The uranium conversion campaign which tional clarification about its efforts in 2000 again whether any deliveries had been made commenced at the Uranium Conversion Fa- to procure some other dual use material after 1995. cility (UCF) in Esfahan on 16 November 2005 (high strength aluminium, special steel, tita- In connection with the R&D work on a is continuing and is expected to end in nium and special oils), as had been discussed modified P–2 design said by Iran to have been March 2006. All UF6 produced at UCF thus far carried out by a contracting company be- in January 2005. High strength aluminium has remained under Agency containment and tween 2002 and July 2003, Iran has confirmed was presented to the Agency, and environ- surveillance. that the contractor had made enquiries mental samples were taken therefrom. Iran Using satellite imagery, the Agency has about, and purchased, magnets suitable for stated that the material had been acquired continued to monitor the ongoing civil engi- the P–2 centrifuge design. The Agency is still for aircraft manufacturing, but had not been neering construction of the Iran Nuclear Re- awaiting clarification of all of Iran’s efforts used because of its specifications. Iran search Reactor (IR–40) at Arak. to acquire such magnets. 2. agreed to provide additional information on inquiries concerning the purchase of special Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, before 2. URANIUM METAL steels, titanium and special oils. Iran also yielding back our time, may I just say Iran has shown the Agency more than 60 presented information on Iran’s acquisition fanaticism in the field of international documents said to have been the drawings, of corrosion resistant steel, valves, and fil- affairs is always dangerous. But fanati- specifications and supporting documentation ters, which were made available to the Agen- cism armed with nuclear weapons is handed over by the intermediaries, many of cy on 31 January 2006 for environmental not just dangerous; it is unacceptable. which are dated from the early- to mid- sampling. Iran is determined to move in the di- 1980’s. Among these was a 15-page document On 5 December 2005, the Agency reiterated rection of developing nuclear weapons. describing the procedures for the reduction its request for a meeting to discuss informa- of UF to metal in small quantities, and the The civilized world cannot stand by. 6 tion that had been made available to the I urge all of my colleagues to support casting of enriched and depleted uranium Agency about alleged undeclared studies, metal into hemispheres, related to the fab- known as the Green Salt Project, concerning this resolution. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance rication of nuclear weapon components. It the conversion of uranium dioxide into UF4 did not, however, include dimensions or (‘‘green salt’’), as well as tests related to of my time. other specifications for machined pieces for high explosives and the design of a missile Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I such components. According to Iran, this re-entry vehicle, all of which could have a yield myself such time as I may con- document had been provided on the initia- military nuclear dimension and which ap- sume in closing. tive of the network, and not at the request of pear to have administrative interconnec- Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman, the AEOI. Iran has declined the Agency’s re- tions. On 16 December 2005, Iran replied that my good friend, the gentleman from quest to provide the Agency with a copy of the ‘‘issues related to baseless allegations.’’ California (Mr. LANTOS), for his wise the document, but did permit the Agency Iran agreed on 23 January 2006 to a meeting words. It is always a pleasure to work during its visit in January 2006 to examine with the DDG–SG for the clarification of the the document again and to place it under Green Salt Project, but declined to address with him as well as with our chairman, Agency seal. the other topics during that meeting. In the HENRY HYDE. Mr. Speaker the International Atom- 3. TRANSPARENCY VISITS AND DISCUSSIONS course of the meeting, which took place on ic Energy Agency in its February 4, On 1 November 2005, the Agency was given 27 January 2006, the Agency presented for access to a military site at Parchin, with a Iran’s review a copy of a process flow dia- 2006 resolution said that after nearly 3 view to providing assurances regarding the gram related to bench scale conversion and years the agency is not yet in a posi- absence of undeclared nuclear material and communications related to the project. Iran tion to conclude that there are no activities at that site, where several environ- reiterated that all national nuclear projects undeclared nuclear materials or activi- mental samples were taken. Final assess- are conducted by the AEOI, that the allega- ties in Iran. ment is still pending the results of the anal- tions were baseless and that it would provide Iran needs to hear our message loud further clarifications later. ysis of those samples. and clear. The United Nations Security 4. SUSPENSION Since 2004, the Agency has been awaiting Council now has the Iran case after 20 additional information and clarifications re- The Agency has continued to verify and years of Iran’s covert activities and lated to efforts made by the Physics Re- monitor all elements of Iran’s voluntary sus- search Centre (PHRC), which had been estab- pension of enrichment related and reprocess- after 3 years of mocking the inter- lished at Lavisan-Shian, to acquire dual use ing activities. national community. Let us send a materials and equipment that could be used In a letter dated 3 January 2006, Iran in- message loud and clear today. Let us in uranium enrichment and conversion ac- formed the Agency that it had decided to re- pass this resolution.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:18 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.011 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE H348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 16, 2006 Mr. SHAYS. Mr. Speaker, I strongly support two condemn Iran’s breaches of its obligations in the hands of a nation that supports ter- H. Con. Res. 341, condemning Iran for vio- and commend the efforts of several nations to rorism. We need to work to reduce the num- lating its international nuclear nonproliferation find a diplomatic means to return Iran to com- bers of nuclear weapons in our world. obligations. Mr. Speaker, the United Nations pliance. The final clause urges the President Iran must join the community of nations and Security Council must quickly consider Iran’s to keep Congress informed on this issue. All lay down the instruments for the development repeated violations of international nuclear well and good. of nuclear weapons. We must encourage all norms, impose a comprehensive sanctions re- But, for some reason, the fourth declaration nations to lay down the burden and instru- gime and send an unequivocal message that goes beyond what international treaties re- ments of the most destructive weaponry the world rejects its nuclear ambitions. quire and beyond anything that Congress has known to human kind. There is enough mad- In addition to its refusal to cooperate with carefully studied. It reads as follows: ness on this little planet that we do not need the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, [Congress] declares that Iran, through its to add more. There is not any room in our so- Iran’s President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has many breaches for almost 20 years of its obli- ciety for more nations to arm themselves with drawn considerable attention for his heinous gations under the Safeguards Agreement, weapons of mass destruction. calls for the United States’ greatest ally, Israel, has forfeited the right to develop any aspect Mr. Speaker, I strongly support this resolu- to be ‘‘wiped off the map’’ and his bold denial of a nuclear fuel cycle, especially with ura- tion. We must unite the community of nations of the Holocaust. When offered a number of nium conversion and enrichment and pluto- and use all diplomatic means to rid our world nium reprocessing technology, equipment of rogue nuclear threats. reasonable solutions to avert an international and facilities. standoff, the Ahmadinejad regime has un- Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong wisely refused. Now, let’s be clear on what ‘‘nuclear fuel support of H. Con. Res. 341, which condemns It is a positive sign that Russia and Iran are cycle’’ means. It means any use of nuclear the Government of Iran for violating its inter- continuing discussions on a proposal the U.S. technology, including the use of nuclear en- national nuclear nonproliferation obligations, and others have endorsed. This plan would ergy for the provision of civilian electrical and expressing support for efforts to report have Russia enrich Iran’s uranium and remove power. Iran to the United Nations Security Council. Iran is actively seeking weapons of mass it once it’s spent, thereby maintaining safe- I think there is some level of agreement that destruction, which poses a threat to the na- guards on the nuclear fuel. I am hopeful an our problem with Iran is not about nuclear tional security of the United States and to the agreement will be reached, but have no power plants. And it is abundantly clear that world. Iran has repeatedly violated its obliga- qualms about this body sending a resolute Iran intends to insist on its right to nuclear en- tions to the international community, specifi- message to Iran that its breaches and failures ergy. If Iran’s leaders want to insist that they cally the 1973 Safeguards Agreement with the to comply with its nuclear nonproliferation obli- only seek to produce electricity, we should work with the IAEA to make sure there are so International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA. In gations will be met with strong resistance. 2002 the world learned that Iran was illegally Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in op- many inspectors assigned to Iran that they continuing to develop a secret nuclear pro- position of House Concurrent Resolution 341, can’t produce anything except electricity. A gram, which has led to years of negotiations which calls on the UN Security Council to ex- Congressional declaration that a country can- not use nuclear power for peaceful, minutely with the international community. Last August, peditiously take action in response to reports however, the Iranian government resumed its of Iran’s noncompliance with its nuclear non- inspected, civilian purposes is neither practical nor helpful. conversion of uranium. Earlier this month the proliferation obligations. IAEA voted 27 to 3 to report Iran to the United I am gravely concerned about nuclear pro- Had there been hearings, I believe that the Nations Security Council for further action. I liferation in Iran and in any other nation. But, difficulties with this approach would have been identified. But once again, the Republican urge the Security Council to use all the tools this resolution is the wrong resolution at the at its disposal to pressure Iran to meet its wrong time. House leadership hasn’t bothered with regular process, hasn’t bothered with hearings and commitments to the IAEA. Right now, Russia is negotiating with Iran to The House should additionally take up and avert their domestic production of enriched witnesses or even markups and amendments. The Republican leadership doesn’t want to pass legislation to strengthen the Iran-Libya uranium. Russia and China also supported the Sanctions Act, ILSA. The House should pass International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, de- hear dissent, doesn’t want to hear concerns, doesn’t want to hear anything but ‘‘yes, sir!’’ H.R. 282, the Iran Freedom Support Act, cision to refer Iran to the Security Council, but which I have co-sponsored. The bill would In addition, the convoluted language of the requested that any action against Iran be de- strengthen ILSA, provide assistance to pro-de- third declaration seems to call upon the Rus- layed to March so these negotiations can con- mocracy groups in Iran, and require that ILSA sian Federation to cease its unilateral efforts tinue. remain in effect until the President certifies to to bring Iran into compliance with its treaty ob- Yet, here we are on February 16th trying to Congress that Iran has permanently and ligations. Whether an arrangement can be de- supersede those negotiations by calling on the verifiably dismantled its weapons on mass de- signed that allows Iran access to nuclear UN Security Council to act now. This strikes struction programs and has committed to com- power without creating its own enrichment fa- me as a step toward more unilateralism. bating their proliferation. In addition to my concern about interfering cilities remains to be seen, but the attempt I am pleased that the United States has with ongoing negotiations, the latest U.S. Na- should not be scorned. continued to work closely with the international tional Intelligence Council analysis projects So now the House is on record that the Ira- community—including the European Union, that Iran is a decade away from manufacturing nian people should never be allowed to use Russia, and China—on this urgent matter. I the key ingredient for a nuclear weapon. This nuclear power and that Russia should stop urge the President to keep Congress fully and expert analysis gives me further reason to talking to Iran about solving this problem. If current informed on this matter, as called for question this rush to unilateral action. the resolution had not been brought to the in this resolution. I urge the international com- I urge my colleagues to give peaceful nego- floor today, just one day following its introduc- munity to impose economic sanctions de- tiations the opportunity to succeed and vote tion, these problems might have been avoid- signed to deny Iran the ability to develop nu- against this resolution. ed. clear weapons. Mr. MCDERMOTT. Mr. Speaker, some time Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I rise We cannot allow a rogue nation such as yesterday, a Member introduced House Con- today in strong support of this resolution. Iran to obtain nuclear weapons. Iran has ac- current Resolution 341. Earlier today, without Iran must be condemned for following the tively supported terrorist groups, such as benefit of hearings or markup by any com- path of nuclear proliferation. This past Tues- Hezbollah in Lebanon and Palestinian Islamic mittee or subcommittee of the House, it was day, February 14, 2006, Iran announced that Jihad. Iran has funded suicide bombers in brought to the floor and the vast majority of it has resumed uranium enrichment efforts, Israel and militant organizations elsewhere. members voted for it. sending a signal to the world that it is taking Many of these terrorist groups are seeking They voted, I believe, for it for the best of steps to arm itself with nuclear weapons. Iran weapons of mass destruction, WMD, so that reasons: to strengthen efforts by the inter- said it will no longer allow international inspec- they can kill or injure thousands or even mil- national community to convince Iran to meet tors to access its nuclear facilities. Therefore lions of people. The Iranian President has its obligations as a party to the Nuclear Non- we must work to ensure that Iran is unsuc- publicly expressed his hope for ‘‘a world with- Proliferation Treaty. cessful in the path that it has chosen. out America,’’ his desire to ‘‘wipe Israel off the The resolution makes a number of important Nuclear weapons are the most dangerous map,’’ and has denied the existence of the and factual points about Iran’s lack of co- and most horrible weapons man has ever in- Holocaust. operation with IAEA and then sets out six vented. These weapons pose a threat to I urge my colleagues to support this resolu- statements of Congressional policy. The first human kind; and an even graver threat when tion.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:18 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.026 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H349 Mr. KIRK. Mr. Speaker, I support House The thought of Iran with a nuclear weapon tion law. China has called for that as well. Are Concurrent Resolution 341 condemning the is a frightening one, and if this issue is not ad- we going to also exempt Pakistan from the Government of Iran for violating its inter- dressed promptly Iran will soon have the abil- international system of controls and safe- national nuclear nonproliferation obligations ity and materials to produce such weapons. guards established by the NPT and by U.S. and expressing support for efforts to report Nuclear proliferation alone is a threat to Amer- law? Are we going to stand by and do nothing Iran to the United Nations Security Council. As ican interests and security; nuclear prolifera- if China goes ahead and sends the same type co-chairman of the Iran Working Group, I am tion to a country with a radical Islamic leader of nuclear technology and materials that we increasingly concerned about Iran’s movement who has supported terrorism is an even more are talking about sending to India? towards the brink of a nuclear showdown. In immediate threat. We also know that Russia has historically response to the historic International Atomic Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to join had a close relationship with the Iranian nu- Energy Agency, IAEA, referral of Iran to the me in supporting this resolution to condemn clear program. They’ve been trying to get the United Nations Security Council, UNSC, Iran Iran’s decision to advance its nuclear program Iranians to agree to a nuclear fuel supply ar- retaliated by halting snap inspections by IAEA and to urge the U.N. Security Council to ad- rangement in return for foregoing a domestic inspectors. There are even reports that Iran dress this issue at once. Iranian enrichment program. But what if Mos- resumed uranium-enrichment at its Natanz nu- Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support cow decides now to go far beyond that and af- clear plant, a process that had been sus- of H. Con. Res. 341. Iran has obligations ford Iran broader access to controlled nuclear pended for two years following the disclosure under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, technology, citing what we’re proposing to do of Iran’s covert program. Iranian President NPT, to not carry out a nuclear weapons pro- with India? Ahmadinejad warned that Iran could withdraw gram. Iran has ignored its obligations by car- I think that if we want to send a strong sig- from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty if rying out a covert uranium enrichment pro- nal to Iran that its flouting of international nu- international pressure increased over its nu- gram. It is becoming increasingly clear that clear nonproliferation norms is unacceptable clear program. this enrichment program is not merely aimed and will have adverse consequences, then President Ahmadinejad repeatedly states at producing nuclear fuel for a civilian energy now is not the time to be thinking of granting that his nation will develop nuclear capabili- program. According the IAEA, Iran has docu- selective exemptions from nonproliferation ties, and continually rebuffs efforts of nations ments in their possession for casting of en- laws and treaties for other nations, even if such as Russia and the EU–3 in providing a riched and depleted uranium metal into hemi- they are our friends. We need to be principled way out of a conflict. Given the Iranian Presi- spheres—something which has no legitimate leaders on the most important of all issues dent’s genocidal intentions of ‘‘wiping Israel off civilian purpose and which appears clearly to facing our country. We do not want Iran, with the map,’’ we cannot allow Iran to advance on be related to the fabrication of nuclear weap- a regime that has made it clear that it desires its path towards a nuclear future. ons components. Possession of these docu- the destruction of Israel, a regime that is The Congress must consider many options ments is a violation of the NPT. known to have provided material support to to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weap- I support the work of the IAEA to monitor terrorist groups, to obtain its own nuclear arse- on. That is why I introduced House Concurrent Iran’s nuclear program, to press for Iran to nal. Resolution 177, which calls on our allies and agree to the Additional Protocol for enhanced The time for us to act as an international the U.S. to consider quarantining gasoline monitoring and inspection of that program. community is now. There are forces within sales to Iran should the Iranians reject the The British, the French, and the Germans Iran that want to move away from extremism. international effort to end the nuclear impasse. have tried for years to convince Iran to move We need to send a strong signal that the inter- Despite being one of the world’s top oil pro- away from nuclear weapons capability and to national community does not accept the cur- ducing nations, Iran is highly dependent on agree to increased international monitoring of rent Iranian government’s nuclear aspirations, foreign gasoline due to severe mismanage- its nuclear activities. Iran has rejected their ef- and that there will be consequences, there will ment of its domestic energy supply. The need forts and made it clear that it is not willing to be sanctions, if Tehran persists in its current is so great that the Iranian government regu- accept the type of negotiated solution pro- course of action. larly debates rationing gasoline to manage its posed by the Europeans. Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, I rise today as a short supply. An oil embargo on exports from Right now we face a crisis that challenges cosponsor of this resolution. Iran’s resumption Iran could hurt Western economies, but a gas- the future of the international nuclear non- of nuclear activities and its non-compliance oline quarantine on imports to Iran would fall proliferation regime. If the international com- with international commitments must be met heavily on Iran alone. munity cannot address the issue of Iran, then by a united Congress and a united inter- Now is the time for the Security Council to we risk the collapse of the NPT. national community. take strong action against Iran. I urge my col- I hope the U.N. Security Council can resolve For almost 3 years, the United States, the leagues to join me in support of House Con- this issue. Now that this matter has been re- European Union, Russia, the IAEA and other current Resolution 341. ferred to the Security Council, the international parties have been working to negotiate an end Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas. Mr. Speaker, community needs to begin a dialogue about to those parts of Iran’s nuclear program that I rise today in support of this resolution to con- how best to respond to Iran’s action. We need could allow it to produce nuclear weapons. demn the Iranian government for violating its to start thinking about tough and enforceable Iran has continued to mislead the international international nonproliferation obligations and to sanctions that can send a clear signal to community about its efforts. It has alternated support efforts to report Iran to the United Na- Tehran that ignoring the will of the inter- diplomatic overtures with clandestine activity tions Security Council. national community on this issue has con- on its nuclear program. Last week, the 35-nation International Atom- sequences. In June 2004, just a few months after mak- ic Energy Agency’s, IAEA, Board of Governors As we call upon Iran to stop their clandes- ing assurances to the international community, overwhelmingly voted to report Iran to the tine program, however, we must remember Iran was criticized by the IAEA for failing to U.N. Security Council, an important step in the the United States also has obligations to the cooperate with an inquiry of its nuclear activi- international effort to prevent Iran from attain- NPT. We can not ask the world to enforce ties. In November 2004, Iran agreed to sus- ing nuclear weapons. regulation on Iran while we shirk our obliga- pend much of its uranium enrichment in a deal Iran has made clear its plans to enrich ura- tions to the NPT by opening up nuclear trade with the EU. However, in August 2005, Iran nium by building its centrifuge program and with India, a country which has not signed the resumed its uranium conversion at its Isfahan constructing a heavy-water reactor which Treaty. If we seek special exemptions from plant and in January 2006, broke IAEA seals could provide plutonium for nuclear weapons. international and domestic nonproliferation law at its Natanz facility. It has since resumed en- Additionally, the IAEA revealed that Iran was for India while simultaneously seeking strict riching uranium at that facility. in possession of a document describing the enforcement of such laws for Iran, an NPT Experts indicate that Iran could produce a procedure for fabricating uranium metal and signatory, we will undermine our credibility as nuclear weapon in as little as 3 to 5 years. Ac- casting it into hemispheres, which form the a leader on nonproliferation. Iran will accuse cording to a report issued by the IAEA to core of a nuclear weapon. us of hypocrisy, and other nations may seek member governments on January 31, 2006, Following the vote on the resolution, Iranian similar special exemptions. Iran has a clandestine effort, dubbed Green President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ordered For example, we know that China has long Salt, which has been working on uranium Iran’s nuclear commission to end its coopera- had a close relationship with Pakistan’s nu- processing, high explosives and a missile war- tion with the IAEA and begin full-scale produc- clear program. Pakistan has already asked the head design. The report clearly demonstrates tion of enriched uranium, which can be used U.S. to make special exemptions for them a nexus between Iran’s efforts to develop a to build nuclear weapons. from international and domestic nonprolifera- nuclear fuel cycle and Tehran’s military, thus

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:08 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.030 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE H350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE February 16, 2006 undercutting the Iranian government’s re- China and Russia—to meet their international struggle. Sticking our finger in the eye of other peated denials that it seeks to develop nuclear obligations. states which are, in general terms, ‘‘on our weapons. Congress should also pass H.R. 282, the side’’ will do nothing to bring Iran to heel. Iran’s growing nuclear capability is com- Iran Freedom Support Act. This important leg- Another reason to work with our friends is pounded by a series of recent statements by islation will close a loophole in the Iran-Libya that if the Security Council does not achieve Iran’s president, in which he declared that a Sanctions Act that has allowed successive ad- consensus on how to deal with Iran, we will fellow member of the United Nations must be ministrations to avoid penalizing foreign firms need to work with them to arrive at a ‘‘Plan wiped off the map. These remarks dem- that continue to invest in Iran’s oil and gas B,’’ as an alternative. That plan should consist, onstrate a disregard for human life and under- sector. in all likelihood, of a series of comprehensive mine the central principle of the United Na- Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of economic and diplomatic sanctions. tions. The world community cannot stand by H. Con. Res. 341. This resolution is closely Those sanctions should be designed to while an outlaw regime announces its desire modeled on a resolution, Senate Concurrent serve several purposes. First, they should to annihilate millions of people and attempts to Resolution 78, introduced in the Senate by the make it clear to the Iranian people that their develop the nuclear weapons to do so. The majority leader, Senator FRIST, csponsored by leaders’ course of action needs to change. community of nations has properly condemned Senator REID, the minority leader, Senators Second, they should serve to inflict some pain on the Iranian leadership in an effort to coerce these threats; now we must ensure that Iran LUGAR and BIDEN, and a bipartisan group to- those leaders to behave in a responsible way. will never develop the capability to act on taling 32 Senators, and adopted unanimously Finally, they should reduce the resources them. on January 27. Our colleague, Representative available to the Iranian state to continue their I am hopeful that all members of the United ROS-LEHTINEN of Florida, has worked with me and other members of the House Committee nuclear weapons program. Nations Security Council will take a strong In summary, Mr. Speaker, this is an impor- on International Relations, including our distin- stand for international peace and security tant resolution; it indicates quite clearly that when this issue is considered by the Security guished ranking Democrat, the gentleman we are behind the administration’s approach. I Council in March. I can think of no greater pri- from California, Mr. LANTOS, on this resolution. hope that we will continue to support it in the ority for the Council and believe that concerted She has updated the text of the Senate reso- days ahead. action by the Council’s Permanent Members lution in the light of recent events and in the Mr. SHAW. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to represents the best opportunity to defuse this light of the understanding that we in the voice my support of the resolution condemning crisis. House have about Iran’s actions and inten- Iran for violating its nonproliferation obligations As a gesture of appreciation from the Con- tions. and expressing support for efforts to report gress, I, along with Mr. KIRK of Illinois and Mr. This House may be divided on precisely them to the United Nations Security Council. ANDREWS of New Jersey, am circulating a let- how to respond to every aspect of the Iranian Early last month, the Iranian regime an- ter to the other Permanent Members of the challenge, but we are certainly united, as our nounced that it planned to restart its nuclear Security Council. The letter thanks them for vote will show, in our support for the current research program. This was in clear violation their support in reporting Iran to the Security efforts to bring the weight of the Security of a 2004 agreement that had been reached Council and urges them to establish con- Council of the United Nations to bear against with Britain, France and Germany to suspend sequences to continued non-compliance. I en- Iran’s continuing violations of its formal and in- uranium enrichment operations. courage my colleagues to sign the letter. formal obligations concerning its nuclear activi- Iran claims that the program is aimed at I am hopeful that with a united Congress ties. generating electricity, but I think the United and a united international community, we can These efforts are not only American efforts, States and the world know better. In fact, the prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons but ones which involve many responsible International Atomic Energy Agency has al- which could destabilize the entire region and members of the international community. The ready voted to report Iran to the U.N. Security which could be used to carry out Iran’s pro- administration deserves credit for coaxing Council. fessed desire to wipe millions of its neighbors some of the reluctant states to this point: the The president of the Iranian regime, off the map. International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has also caused con- Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Speaker, several years has indeed reported to the Security Council on cern in the United States and Europe with his ago, we learned that Iran was operating a se- the Iranian nuclear program. Although the confrontational statements denying the Holo- cret program to enrich uranium and carry out IAEA may make additional reports during the caust happened and stating his desire to anni- other sensitive nuclear fuel cycle activities. next month, the die is cast: the Security Coun- hilate Israel. Iran’s failure to report these activities to the cil is in a position to take action, and it should The United States fully expects the Security International Atomic Energy Agency was a do so. It should respond to what is clearly a Council to add its weight to the IAEA’s calls blatant violation of its obligations under the threat to international peace and security—and for Iran to return to the 2004 agreement, sus- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. making such responses in a collective way is pend all enrichment and reprocessing activity, The more we learn about Iran’s program, precisely the purpose it is meant to serve. cooperate fully with the IAEA and return to ne- the more obvious it’s become that Iran’s true The administration deserves credit for hav- gotiations with Great Britain, France and Ger- intention is not peaceful power generation, but ing brought along the IAEA Board of Gov- many. the development of a nuclear arsenal that ernors and, in particular, all of the permanent Only then will the Iranian regime restore any confidence that it is in fact, not seeking nu- could threaten the United States, our allies in members of the Security Council, to this stage clear weapons under the guise of an ‘‘elec- the Middle East, and even Europe. in the process. The signal to Iran could not Any seeds of doubt on this issue have been tricity program.’’ have been more stark. Mr. Speaker, with their continued defiance dispelled once and for all by Iran’s rejection of Critical to arriving at this point was the sup- it’s imperative that the United Nations act a sensible proposal put forward by Great Brit- port extended by the Bush administration for quickly. We must send a clear message to the the so-called ‘‘ED–3’’ process, in which Britain, ain, France and Germany, and more recently, Iranian regime that he world will not permit France, and Germany conducted negotiations its move to resume uranium enrichment. them to obtain nuclear weapons. The election of Iranian President with Iran—negotiations that ultimately failed to Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I Ahmadinejad has made the urgency of pre- contain Iran’s efforts, to be sure, but which yield back the balance of my time. venting Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons succeeded in keeping the international com- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. that much greater. munity moving forward in unison. HASTINGS of Washington). All time for With his comments about the Holocaust At this point, we need to continue to keep debate has expired. being a ‘‘myth,’’ endorsement for ‘‘wiping the pressure on, but let us keep the pressure Pursuant to the order of the House of Israel off the map,’’ and enthusiastic support on the recalcitrant party—the Iranians—and Wednesday, February 15, 2006, the con- of Hezbollah, Hamas and other terrorist orga- not begin internecine warfare among the current resolution is considered read nizations, this vile anti-Semite has made his Western powers. It is only with the coopera- and the previous question is ordered on true intentions crystal clear. tion of other States that we can truly pressure the concurrent resolution and on the The IAEA’s decision to refer Iran to the U.N. Iran. preamble. Security Council is a long-overdue step in the As we consider other legislation in the next The question is on the concurrent right direction. months—and the consideration of this resolu- resolution. But tough words must be backed by tough tion does not, in my mind, prejudice the ability The question was taken; and the action. We must continue to push the other of the House to consider other legislation—we Speaker pro tempore announced that members of the Security Council—especially should bear in mind that we need allies in this the ayes appeared to have it.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 01:08 Feb 17, 2006 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A16FE7.021 H16FEPT1 jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with HOUSE February 16, 2006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H351 Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, on that I Moore (WI) Renzi Souder PERSONAL EXPLANATION demand the yeas and nays. Moran (KS) Reyes Spratt Moran (VA) Reynolds Stearns Ms. CARSON. Mr. Speaker, I was unavoid- The yeas and nays were ordered. Murphy Rogers (AL) Strickland ably detained and unable to record my vote The vote was taken by electronic de- Murtha Rogers (KY) Stupak for rollcall vote 12. Had I been present I would vice, and there were—yeas 404, nays 4, Musgrave Rogers (MI) Sullivan Myrick Rohrabacher Sweeney have voted ’’yea.’’ answered ‘‘present’’ 4, not voting 20, as Nadler Ros-Lehtinen Tancredo f follows: Napolitano Ross Tanner Neal (MA) Rothman Tauscher PERSONAL EXPLANATION [Roll No. 12] Neugebauer Roybal-Allard Taylor (MS) Ney Royce Mr. CAPUANO. Mr. Speaker, I was pre- YEAS—404 Taylor (NC) Northup Ruppersberger Terry pared today to vote for this resolution but a Ackerman Davis, Tom Inslee Norwood Rush Thomas late language change has made that impos- Aderholt Deal (GA) Israel Nunes Ryan (OH) Akin DeFazio Issa Nussle Ryan (WI) Thompson (CA) sible. Alexander DeGette Istook Oberstar Ryun (KS) Thompson (MS) The phrase ‘‘and take action’’ was added to Allen Delahunt Jackson (IL) Obey Sabo Thornberry paragraph three which now reads: ‘‘calls on all Andrews DeLauro Jackson-Lee Tiahrt Olver Salazar members of the United Nations Security Coun- Baca DeLay (TX) Ortiz Sa´ nchez, Linda Tiberi Bachus Dent Jefferson Otter T. Tierney cil . . . to expeditiously consider and take ac- Baird Diaz-Balart, L. Jenkins Owens Sanchez, Loretta Towns tion . . . to respond to and deal with situa- Baker Diaz-Balart, M. Jindal Oxley Sanders Turner tions bearing on the maintenance of inter- Baldwin Dicks Johnson (CT) Pallone Saxton Udall (CO) Barrett (SC) Dingell Johnson (IL) Pascrell Schakowsky Udall (NM) national peace and security’’ (emphasis Barrow Doggett Johnson, E. B. Pastor Schiff Upton added). Because of that change, I cannot sup- Bartlett (MD) Doolittle Johnson, Sam Payne Schmidt Van Hollen port this resolution. However, since I do be- Barton (TX) Doyle Jones (NC) Pearce Schwartz (PA) Vela´ zquez Bass Drake Jones (OH) lieve that Iran poses a serious threat to the Pelosi Schwarz (MI) Visclosky Bean Dreier Kanjorski Pence Scott (GA) Walden (OR) world and demands the attention of the world, Beauprez Duncan Keller Peterson (MN) Scott (VA) Walsh I could not vote against the proposal. There- Becerra Edwards Kelly Peterson (PA) Sensenbrenner Berkley Ehlers Kennedy (MN) Waters fore, I voted ‘‘present.’’ Petri Serrano Watson Berry Emanuel Kennedy (RI) Pickering Sessions I strongly agree that Iran poses a real secu- Biggert Emerson Kildee Watt rity threat to the world and I encourage contin- Pitts Shadegg Waxman Bilirakis Engel Kilpatrick (MI) Platts Shaw Weiner ued vigilance. However, I have real concerns Bishop (GA) English (PA) Kind Poe Shays Weldon (FL) that the wording of this resolution might be in- Bishop (NY) Eshoo King (IA) Pombo Sherman Weldon (PA) Blackburn Etheridge King (NY) Pomeroy Sherwood terpreted by the Bush administration as all that Blunt Everett Kingston Porter Shimkus Weller is necessary to take military action. Although Wexler Boehlert Farr Kirk Price (GA) Shuster the day may come when I do support such ac- Boehner Fattah Kline Price (NC) Simmons Whitfield Bonilla Feeney Knollenberg Pryce (OH) Skelton Wicker tion, today is not that day. I do not trust the Bonner Ferguson Kolbe Putnam Slaughter Wilson (NM) Bush administration to come back to Congress Bono Filner Kuhl (NY) Radanovich Smith (NJ) Wilson (SC) if they wish to pursue military action. My lack Boozman Fitzpatrick (PA) LaHood Rahall Smith (TX) Wolf of trust is, unfortunately, based on past ac- Boren Flake Langevin Ramstad Smith (WA) Wu Boswell Foley Lantos Regula Snyder Wynn tions. I voted to support military action against Boucher Forbes Larsen (WA) Rehberg Sodrel Young (AK) Afghanistan but the President is insisting Boustany Ford Larson (CT) Reichert Solis Young (FL) Boyd Fortenberry Latham today that Congress in so voting also granted Bradley (NH) Fossella LaTourette NAYS—4 him the legal authority to intercept telephone Brady (PA) Foxx Leach Kucinich Paul calls and other forms of communication with- Brady (TX) Frank (MA) Levin McDermott Stark out a warrant. I completely reject that asser- Brown (OH) Franks (AZ) Lewis (CA) Brown (SC) Frelinghuysen Lewis (GA) ANSWERED ‘‘PRESENT’’—4 tion and I am concerned with future interpreta- Brown, Corrine Gallegly Lewis (KY) tions of H. Con. Res. 341. I regret that I can- Abercrombie Kaptur Brown-Waite, Garrett (NJ) Linder Capuano Lee not trust the President of the United States to Ginny Gerlach Lipinski use military force prudently and when all non- Burgess Gibbons LoBiondo NOT VOTING—20 Burton (IN) Gilchrest Lofgren, Zoe violent means have been exhausted. I regret Butterfield Gillmor Lowey Berman Evans Rangel that I cannot support this resolution. Buyer Gingrey Lucas Bishop (UT) Hinchey Simpson Calvert Gohmert Lungren, Daniel Blumenauer Hinojosa Wamp f Campbell (CA) Hunter Wasserman Camp (MI) Gonzalez E. PRIVILEGES OF THE HOUSE—PRIV- Cannon Goode Lynch Carson McKinney Schultz Cantor Goodlatte Mack Cummings Miller, Gary Westmoreland ILEGED RESOLUTION REGARD- Capito Gordon Maloney Davis (IL) Osborne Woolsey ING CULTURE OF CORRUPTION Capps Granger Manzullo ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE SURROUNDING BUDGET REC- Cardin Graves Marchant Cardoza Green (WI) Markey The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. ONCILIATION Carnahan Green, Al Marshall HASTINGS of Washington) (during the Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, pursuant Carter Green, Gene Matheson vote). Members are advised that there to rule IX, I rise in regard to a question Case Grijalva Matsui Castle Gutierrez McCarthy are 2 minutes remaining in this vote. of the privileges of the House, and I Chabot Gutknecht McCaul (TX) b 1131 offer a privileged resolution. Chandler Hall McCollum (MN) The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chocola Harman McCotter Mr. MOORE of Kansas changed his Clerk will report the resolution. Clay Harris McCrery vote from ‘‘nay’’ to ‘‘yea.’’ Cleaver Hart McGovern The Clerk read the resolution, as fol- Clyburn Hastings (FL) McHenry Ms. LEE changed her vote from lows: Coble Hastings (WA) McHugh ‘‘yea’’ to ‘‘present.’’ H. RES. 687 Cole (OK) Hayes McIntyre So the concurrent resolution was Conaway Hayworth McKeon agreed to. Whereas the Republican Leadership has en- Conyers Hefley McMorris gaged in a continuing pattern of withholding Cooper Hensarling McNulty The result of the vote was announced accurate information vital for Members of Costa Herger Meehan as above recorded. the House of Representatives to have before Costello Herseth Meek (FL) A motion to reconsider was laid on Cramer Higgins Meeks (NY) voting on legislation, and has inserted nu- Crenshaw Hobson Melancon the table. merous controversial provisions into com- Crowley Hoekstra Mica Stated for: pleted conference reports in the dead of Cubin Holden Michaud Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I was unable to night without notifying Democratic Mem- Cuellar Holt Millender- vote today on H. Con. Res. 341 because I bers of the House, the press, or the public; Culberson Honda McDonald Whereas on February 1, 2006 the Repub- Davis (AL) Hooley Miller (FL) was traveling on official business to a Middle lican Leadership permitted a vote on House Davis (CA) Hostettler Miller (MI) East regional security conference in Athens, Resolution 653 to concur in a Senate amend- Davis (FL) Hoyer Miller (NC) Greece, and then on to Egypt and Israel for Davis (KY) Hulshof Miller, George ment to the conference agreement on Budget Davis (TN) Hyde Mollohan meetings with top government officials. Had I Reconciliation, despite the inclusion of inac- Davis, Jo Ann Inglis (SC) Moore (KS) been present, I would have voted ‘‘yea.’’ curate numbers in provisions that cost the

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