DOCSLIB.ORG

Kırmızı Çızgı

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kırmızı Çızgı JAMESBARR KIRMIZI ÇIZGI• • Paylaşılamayan Toprakların Yakın Tarihi İngilizceden Çeviren: EKİN CAN GÖKSOY PEGASUS YAYıNLARı Britanya ve Fransa Arasında 20. Yüzyıla Yön Veren Güç Oyunları 1916'da, İngilizlerin Kut'ül Amare'de bozguna uğramasının hemen ardından iki adam, öngörü­ lü bir politikacı olan Sir Mark Sykes ile hınç dolu bir diplomat olan François Georges- Picot Orta Doğu'yu paylaşma planlarını görüşmek üzere gizlice buluştu. İki adamın vardığı anlaşma bir yandan İngiliz-Fransız Dostluk Antlaşması'nı tehlikeye sokacak gerilimleri hafifletmeyi amaç­ larken bir yandan da Akdeniz'den İran sınırına uzanan bir hat çiziyordu. Bu keskin hattın ku­ zeyindeki bölge Fransaya, güneyindeki bölge ise Britanya'ya gidecekti. İngiltere'nin Filistin, Mavera-i Ürdün ve Irak'taki mandaları ile Fran­ sanın Lübnan ve Suriye'deki mandaları iki büyük güç arasında bir huzursuzluk doğuracaktı. Gele­ cek otuz yıla damgasını vuracak bu sıkıntı, Orta Doğu'nun da onarılmaz bir biçimde şekillenme­ sine neden olacaktı. T. E. Lawrence, Winston Churchill ve Charles de Gaulle gibi siyasetçiler, diplomatlar, ajanlar ve askerlerden oluşan yıldız kadrosuyla Kırmızı Çizgi bizlere İngiliz ve Fransızların Orta Doğu'yu yönettiği, kısa ama -çok önemli bir dönemin hikayesini canlı bir biçimde anlatıyor. Kitap aynı zamanda bu iki güç arasındaki eski çekişmenin bugün bizim için çok daha tanıdık olan, Araplar ile Yahudiler arasındaki çatışmayı nasıl ateşledi­ ğini ve en nihayetinde 1941 'de İngilizler ile Fran­ sızlar, 1948'de de Araplar ile Yahudiler arasında­ ki savaşlara nasıl vesile olduğunu net bir şekilde ortaya koyuyor. James Barr'ın, Orta Doğu'nun kaderine yön veren ve bugün bölgenin adeta gayya kuyusu­ na dönüşmesinde hatırı sayılır bir rol oynayan İngilizler ile Fransızlar arasındaki gizli kapaklı mücadeleyi kaleme aldığı Kırmızı Çizgi, Orta Doğu'nun yakın tarihine ilgi duyan herkesin mutlaka okuması gereken bir kitap. Pegasus Yayınları: 1441 Tarih: 2 KIRMIZI çiZGi JAMES BARR Özgün Adı: A Line in the Sand Yayın Koordinatörü: Yusuf Tan Editör: Dilek Yücel - Ömer Çiftci Düzelti: Haluk Kürşad Kopuzlu - Cengiz Alkan Sayfa Tasarımı: Meral Gök Baskı-Cilt: Alioğlu Matbaacılık Sertifika No: 11946 Orta Mah. Fatin Rüştü Sok. No: 1/3-A Bayrampaşa/İstanbul Tel: 0212 612 95 59 ı. Baskı: Eylül 2016 ISBN: 978- 605-343-921-9 Türkçe Yayın Hakları © PEGASUS YAYıNLARı, 2016 Copyright © James Barr, 2011 Bu kitabın Türkçe yayın hakları Telif Hakları Onk Ajans Ltd. Şti. aracılığıyla Felicity Bryan Associates Ltd.' den alınmıştır. Tüm haklarısaklıdır. Bu kitapta yer alan fotoğraf/resim ve metinler Pegasus Yayıncılık Tic. San. Ltd. Şti:den izin alınmadan fotokopi dahil, optik, elektronik ya da mekanik herhangi bir yolla kopyalanamaz, çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz, yayımlanamaz. Yayıncı Sertifika No: ıı177 Pegasus Yayıncılık Tic. San. Ltd. şti. Gümüşsuyu Mah. Osmanlı Sk. Alara Han No: 11/9 Taksim / İSTANBUL Tel: 0212 244 23 50 (pbx) Faks: 0212 244 23 46 www.pegasusyayinlari.com/[email protected] KIRMIZIÇIZGI • • İçindekiler GİRİş ........................................................................................ 11 BÖLÜM BİR PAY LAŞıM: 1915-1918 ı. PEK KULLANıŞLı pOLİTİKALAR .................................... 17 2. MÖSYÖ PICOT ....................................................................... 30 3. T. E. LAWRENCE DAHİL OLUYOR ................................. .47 4. ALLENBY'NİN ADAMı ........................................................ 58 5. MUSUL'U İSTİYORUM ....... .................................................. 73 6. ÇıKMAZ ................................................................................... 88 BÖLÜM İKİ İKİ SAVAŞ ARASI GERGİNLİK: 1920-1939 7. HAÇLı ..................................................................................... ıOS 8. IRAK'TA İSYAN ................................................................... 114 9. EN İYİ VE EN UCUZ ÇÖZÜM ......................................... 126 ıo. DÜRZİ İSYANI ................................................................... 136 ıı. DÜRZİLERE EZİcİ DARBE .......................................... ... 148 12. BORU HATTı ................................ ...................................... 160 13. İNTİKAM! İNTİKAM! ...................................................... 171 14. TERÖRE KARŞI TERÖRLE SAVAŞMAK ...................... 183 ıs. ARAPLARı YATıŞTıRMAK ...................... ..... ............... .. 198 BÖLÜM ÜÇ GİZLİ SAVAŞ: 1940-1945 16. SÜRGÜNDE BİR KRAL ........................ ............................ 207 17. REZİL BİR VAKA. ............................................................... 218 18. KATİYEN UZLAŞMAZ, ZİYADESİYLE KABA .......... 229 19. ORTA ELÇİ ....... .... ............................... ................................ 239 20. pİs İş ...................... ............................................................... 250 5 KI RMIZIÇiZ Gi 21. İKİNCİ BİR FAŞODA ......................................... ................ 262 22. KARA GÜN DOSTLARı .................................................. 270 23. TROP DE ZELE / AŞIRI HEVES ..................................... 279 24. LORD MOYNE CİNAY ETİ .................................... ..... ..... 289 BÖLÜM DÖRT ÇıKıŞ: 1945-49 25. İPLERİ ELE ALMA ZAMANI ...... ..... ..... ......................... 299 26. TEKRAR DÜŞÜNMEK LAZıM ...... ........................ ........ 313 27. ÖZGÜR FİLİsTİN İçİN AMERİKAN İTTİFAKI ........ 326 28. FRANSIZ VE SİYONİST ENTRİKALARI .................... 336 29. SON HABER ... ... .......... ... .....................................................349 SON SÖZ: HESAPLAŞMA ................................... ...... .............368 İzİNLER.............................................................................. ........ 377 TEŞEKKÜRLER. ........... .. ........................................................... 379 NOTLAR ..................................................................................... 382 BİBLİYOGRAFYA .............. .................. .................................... 442 İNDEKS ....................................................................................... 463 6 1916 5ytes-Picot.9tntfaşması 'l( GİRİş yazında gizliliği yeni kaldırılmış bir Britanya hükümet rapo­ 2007runda beni şaşkına çeviren bir cümleye rastladım. İngiliz güvenlik servisi MIS'tan bir aj an tarafından 1945'in başlarında yazılmış fa kat bugüne kadar açıklanmamış bu cümle, hükümeti kafa karışıklığına sürükleyen bir gizem i çözmüştü. O zamanlar Filistin'deki İngiliz yö­ netimini sonlandırmaya çalışan Ya hudi teröristleri kim silahlandırarak finanse ediyordu? Bu aj an Orta Doğu ziyaretinden yeni dönmüş ve soruya şaşırtıcı bir cevap vermişti. "Teröristler," diyordu raporunda, "Fransızlardan destek alıyor gibi görünüyorlar." Raporuna İngiliz gizli istihbarat servisi MI6'teki meslektaşları ile konuştuğunu ekleyen aj an şöyle devam ediyordu: "'Çok Gizli' kaynak­ lardan öğrendiğimiz üzere Doğu Akdeniz' deki Fransız devlet adamları el altından Hagana'ya' silah satıyordu ve Filistin içerisinde ortalığı karıştırmaya yönelik bir niyetleri olduğuna dair güncel raporlar elimize geçti." Diğer bir deyişle, İngilizler Fransa'yı özgürleştirmek için savaşıp ölürken, güya müttefikleri olan Fransızlar Filistin' deki İngiliz askerleri ve subaylarını öldürmek isteyen Yahudi girişimlerini destekliyordu. Fransa'nın bu olağandışı hamlesi otuz yıldır Orta Doğu'nun idaresi için süren mücadelenin zirve noktasını oluşturuyordu. 1915 yılında, o zaman da savaş müttefiki olan Britanya ve Fransa, birbirine rakip amaçlarının bölgede yol açtığı gerilimleri çözmeyi denemiştİ. Gizli Sykes-Picot Antlaşması'nda Osmanlı'nın Orta Doğu'daki topraklarını çölde Akdeniz kıyısından İran cephesindeki dağlara uzanan diyagonal Yahudi bir milis kuvveti 11 KI RMIZIçi ZGi bir çizgi çekerek böıüşmüşlerdi. Bu rastgele çizginin kuzeyinde kalan bölge Fransa'ya gidecekti; güneydeki toprağın çoğunu da Britanya alacaktı fa kat bu iki büyük güç Filistin'in geleceği konusunda anlaşa­ mamıştı. İki tarafın da hoşuna gitmeyen uzlaşma Kutsal Topraklar'ın uluslararası bir yönetime sahip olması gerektiği üzerineydi. Bu tarz kabataslak bir imparatorluk inşası on dokuzuncu yüzyılda sık görülürdü fakat Sykes-Picot Antlaşması'nın imzalandığı dönem­ lerde çoktan terk edilmiş bir yaklaşımdı. Bu yaklaşıma karşı olanla­ rın başında ABD Başkanı Wo odrow Wilson geliyordu. ABD 191Tde Almanya'ya savaş ilan ettiğinde Avrupa emperyalizmini eleştirmiş ve savaşın bittiğinde tebaalar ve devletsiz halkların kendi geleceklerini kendilerinin tayin etmesini önermişti. Bu yeni atmosferde İngilizler Orta Doğu'nun yarısına sahip ola­ bilme iddiaları için acilen yeni bir temele ihtiyaç duyuyorlardı. Mısır'ın kontrolünü ellerinde tuttukları için Filistin'i bir Ya hudi devleti yapmak isteyen Siyonist emelleri açıkça destekleyerek hem Süveyş Kanalı'nın savunmasız doğu yakasını güvence altına alabileceklerinin hem de haksız yere toprak ele geçirdikleri iddialarından kaçınabileceklerinin fa rkına hızlıca varmışlardı. O zamanlar Fransa'ya karşı üstünlük sağ­ lamak için ustaca bir yol olarak görülen şey, bugüne kadar yıkıcı etkilerini sürdürüyor. İngilizler başından beri bu hamlenin İslam dünyasında derin bir öfkeyaratma riskini taşıdığını biliyorlardı. Arapların Ya hudi göçünün ekonomik avantajlarının fa rkına varacaklarına ve Ya hudilerin de rüya­ larının gerçekleşmesine yardımcı oldukları için Britanya'ya müteşekkir olacaklarına inanıyorlardı. İki tahmin de yanlış çıktı. Yahudi göçü Arap öfkesini tetiklediğinde İngilizlerin değişimi yavaşlatarak barışı korumaya çalışması Ya
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Shabbat Edition • August 21, 2020
    YOUR SHABBAT EDITION • AUGUST 21, 2020 Stories for you to savor over Shabbat and through the weekend, in printable format. Sign up at forward.com/shabbat. GET THE LATEST AT FORWARD.COM 1 GET THE LATEST AT FORWARD.COM News Colleges express outrage about anti- Semitism— but fail to report it as a crime By Aiden Pink Binghamton University in upstate New York is known as including antisemitic vandalism at brand-name schools one of the top colleges for Jewish life in the United known for vibrant Jewish communities like Harvard, States. A quarter of the student population identifies as Princeton, MIT, UCLA and the University of Maryland — Jewish. Kosher food is on the meal plan. There are five were left out of the federal filings. historically-Jewish Greek chapters and a Jewish a Universities are required to annually report crimes on capella group, Kaskeset. their campuses under the Clery Act, a 1990 law named When a swastika was drawn on a bathroom stall in for 19-year-old Jeanne Clery, who was raped and Binghamton’s Bartle Library in March 2017, the murdered in her dorm room at Lehigh University in administration was quick to condemn it. In a statement Pennsylvania. But reporting on murders is far more co-signed by the Hillel director, the school’s vice straightforward, it turns out, than counting bias crimes president of student affairs said bluntly: “Binghamton like the one in the Binghamton bathroom. University does not tolerate hate crimes, and we take all instances of this type of action very seriously.” Many universities interpret the guidelines as narrowly as possible, leaving out antisemitic vandalism that But when Binghamton, which is part of the State would likely be categorized as hate crimes if they University of New York system, filed its mandatory happened off-campus.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011
    Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Benjamin Jonah Koch Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon Committee: David Oshinsky, Supervisor H.W. Brands Dagmar Hamilton Mark Lawrence Michael Stoff Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon by Benjamin Jonah Koch, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2011 Dedication To my grandparents For their love and support Acknowledgements I owe an immense debt of gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, David Oshinsky. When I arrived in graduate school, I did not know what it meant to be a historian and a writer. Working with him, especially in the development of this manuscript, I have come to understand my strengths and weaknesses, and he has made me a better historian. Thank you. The members of my dissertation committee have each aided me in different ways. Michael Stoff’s introductory historiography seminar helped me realize exactly what I had gotten myself into my first year of graduate school—and made it painless. I always enjoyed Mark Lawrence’s classes and his teaching style, and he was extraordinarily supportive during the writing of my master’s thesis, as well as my qualifying exams. I workshopped the first two chapters of my dissertation in Bill Brands’s writing seminar, where I learned precisely what to do and not to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Converted but Not Quite Accepted Meetings with the Student Rabbi Were Disappoint- Ing and Almost Discouraging
    to listen to people more deeply, rather than put them shock. Not only were there many bright children now off with words. Probably all those years of fencing in my classes, but also lots of wealthy, cultured class- and fighting with professors to learn and get the job mates. I suddenly became the "country bumpkin." I done carried over onto the job at first. Almost all first was the W.A.S.P. minority and read a library book all year teachers have to learn to co-operate and compro- alone in school on the Jewish holidays. mise much more so than they did in their college days. Eventually I became a part of the culture. Families I began to really like the man, and as our personal as well as my friends included me at their Seders, conferences toward conversion progressed, I develop- and Bar Mitzvahs were the major social event for ed a new respect for his type of restless, inquiring three years running. I became more familiar with scholarship. He was most generous in loaning me any temple procedure than I had ever been with any book in his personal library, something other rabbis church. With this background I entered my first might hesitate to do, especially with books they marriage with a Jewish boy from my high school. treasure. The idea of my conversion occurred to me, and I Finally on March 21, 1975 I stood in front of the remember remarking that "Maybe I could . ." open Ark and converted to Judaism. I'll admit to (being a rather tentative person at that time); I was being so nervous that I stumbled over the words of told that that would be a crazy thing to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Korff, Baruch (1)” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box 19, folder “Korff, Baruch (1)” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 19 of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library TnE WHITE HOUSE . WASHINGTON Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to these materials. The News- Once Over Lightly --NON-·PROF/TN-ON·PARTI-MN WE, THE PEOPLt! At Home Africa-In the three-way civil war which has wracked Angola since Portugal granted it independence, national VNITED STATES CITIZENS CONGRESS troops captured 20 Soviet soldiers. They claimed they Washington-Nelson Rockefeller may quit national were waiting for a Streetcar Named Detente. 1221 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, NORTHWEST • WASHINGTON, D. C. • 20036 politics in 197 6. He believes that it's better to be left than President. Buenos Aires--Women's Lib is taking a beating in ''I am in earnest.
    [Show full text]
  • President Truman's Recognition of Israel
    aH3 PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S RECOGNITION OF ISRAEL by IAN JAMES BICKERTON B. A., Hons, University of Adelaide, 1961 (\\'-\ A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree { '^ MASTER OF ARTS • - r j - Department of History and Philosophy KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1966 ' Approved by ; / 'UW^l^W ''^^^ Major Professor < (/ LP ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ii Chapter I. THE UNITED STATES AND PALESTINE: THE QUESTIONS 1 II. PRESIDENT TRUMAN FACES THE PROBLEM 22 III. UNITED NATIONS PARTITION AND AMERICAN RECOGNITION 45 EPILOGUE 84 APPENDIX A 90 APPENDIX B 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY 98 ABSTRACT PREFACE In 1948 A.D., just over 2,000 years after the Diaspora* of 6 8 B.C., a Jewish state came into existence in Palestine. This was of considerable significance to the United States. Not only was it an additional consideration in the formulation of foreign policy towards the Middle East, but America had played a major part in the establish- ment of the state of Israel. President Truman has been subjected to considerable attack as a result of this, by critics who interpret his actions as being motivated by an ethnic pressure group and domestic politics rather than by the national interest. This study analyzes the factors leading up to the decision by President Truman to recognize Israel. Such an analysis reveals that although tremendous pressure was exerted by Zionist organizations. Congressmen, the press and the Democratic National Committee, on Truman to support the foundation of a Jewish state in Palestine, he was reluc- tant to do so. Nor was it domestic politics that led him finally to act.
    [Show full text]
  • 1988-05-12.Pdf
    - - -- - - - ·--- - - - ·- - - -- - -·- - - --------------- - - --~ -D ;5': ("-.I z C• 8 Local News, pages 2-3 ,;.. f- f--· - <r Opinion, page 4 ~ (!) - 0- 0 u Around Town, page 8 ISR,ll~L 7Nll!I' I tn ~, Lf) *..-<<[ *t<• * _J * *U<r * *1-1 * u:: * 0 *O'-C.Of-* f- - * Q:)1-1(1)1--1 *'·I Ct: *..-< [.fJ *t··)I.Z .... *·,.mow *...--11-11-10 * 3 (J)Z * WCJlW JSL Y ENGL/SH--JEW!SH \VEEKLY /.V R.I. AND SOLTHEAST MASS. * t-:1WCI *...--1 (fJ 1-1 * 'T • :::,. *C""·~l---4--00 ,XXV, NUMBER 24 THURSDAY, MAY 12, 1988 35¢ PER COPY * •t··)CC: * CC: ·,-qj_ Dedication Of The Rhode Island Holocaust Memorial Museum by Sandra Silva Survivors of the Holocaust, their The sun did not shine brightly children, other family and commu­ down on the crowd and only occa­ nity members, Jewish and Chris­ sionally peeped through the gray­ tian clergy and local politicians blue clouds that blanketed the sky. joined together this day for the Fortunately, rain did not fall. How­ moving and reflective ceremonies. ever, one would feel a few drops of Governor DiPrete spoke for the wetness borne within the soft, cool entire Rhode Island community breezes that blew upon the court­ when he said, "I can assure you yard. The weather was an adequate that all Rhode Islanders join me in complement to the hushed, sub­ recognizing this historic occasion. dued atmosphere that prevailed This is a place that belongs to all upon the courtyard. people because in a great sense the No extreme was shown. The pain ultimate victims of the Holocaust of remembering was obvious but were all humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • Against Our Better Judgment: the Hidden History of How the U.S. Was
    Against Our Better Judgment The hidden history of how the U.S. was used to create Israel ALISON WEIR Copyright © 2014 Alison Weir All rights reserved. DEDICATION To Laila, Sarah, and Peter CONTENTS Aknowledgments Preface Chapter One: How the U.S. “Special Relationship” with Israel came about Chapter Two: The beginnings Chapter Three: Louis Brandeis, Zionism, and the “Parushim” Chapter Four: World War I & the Balfour Declaration Chapter Five: Paris Peace Conference 1919: Zionists defeat calls for self- determination Chapter Six: Forging an “ingathering” of all Jews Chapter Seven: The modern Israel Lobby is born Chapter Eight: Zionist Colonization Efforts in Palestine Chapter Nine: Truman Accedes to Pro-Israel Lobby Chapter Ten: Pro-Israel Pressure on General Assembly Members Chapter Eleven: Massacres and the Conquest of Palestine Chapter Twelve: U.S. front groups for Zionist militarism Chapter Thirteen: Infiltrating displaced person’s camps in Europe to funnel people to Palestine Chapter Fourteen: Palestinian refugees Chapter Fifteen: Zionist influence in the media Chapter Sixteen: Dorothy Thompson, played by Katharine Hepburn & Lauren Bacall Works Cited Further Reading Endnotes ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to Katy, who plowed through my piles of obscure books and beyond to check it; to Sarah, whose design so enhanced it; to Monica, whose splendid work kept things together; and to the special, encouraging friends (you know who you are) who have made this all possible. Above all, I am profoundly grateful to the authors and editors who have produced superb work on this issue for so many years, many receiving little personal gain despite the excellence and dedication of their labors.
    [Show full text]
  • UMA PEQUENA AMÉRICA NO ORIENTE: Fundamentos Culturais Do Apoio Ao Sionismo Nos Estados Unidos (1936-1948)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA LUIZ SALGADO NETO UMA PEQUENA AMÉRICA NO ORIENTE: fundamentos culturais do apoio ao sionismo nos Estados Unidos (1936-1948) Niterói 2013 LUIZ SALGADO NETO UMA PEQUENA AMÉRICA NO ORIENTE: fundamentos culturais do apoio ao sionismo nos Estados Unidos (1936-1948) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de concentração: História Social. Orientadora: Professora Doutora Cecília da Silva Azevedo Niterói, 2013 Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central do Gragoatá S164 Salgado Neto, Luiz. Uma pequena América no Oriente: fundamentos culturais do apoio ao sionismo nos Estados Unidos (1936-1948) / Luiz Salgado Neto. – 2013. 289 f. ; il. Orientador: Cecília da Silva Azevedo. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia, Departamento de História, 2013. Bibliografia: f. 281-289. 1. Palestina. 2. Estados Unidos. 3. Israel. 4. Oriente Médio. I. Azevedo, Cecília da Silva. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. III. Título. CDD 956.9404 LUIZ SALGADO NETO Uma pequena América no Oriente: fundamentos culturais do apoio ao sionismo nos Estados Unidos (1936-1948) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção
    [Show full text]
  • Folder 23 Vaad Hahatzala Emergency Committee
    Dear Rabbi Kalrnanowitz1 I am pleased to forward here\'1-ith photostatic copies of a report made by your Istnn bul committ~e to the American Embassy, Ankara, Turkey. Very truly yours, J; w. Pehle Executive ·Director Rabbi A. Kalmanowi tz, 'vaad Hahatzala F:mergancy CoL'Uni,, ttee, 132 Naseau Street, New York 7, N. Y. Enclosures. FH:hd ~ 11/25/44 ~ ... IOV 27. Dear Rabbi Kalmanowitzi Receipt ia acknowledged of your letter of November 19, 1944, enclosing a oopy of your financial statement for the period of c1.almary 1 to Oetober 31, 1944. Vecy\ truly yours, J. W~ Pehle Executive Director Rabbi A. Kalmanowitz, Vaad Hahatzala Emergency Committee, i32 Nassau Street, New York 7, N. Y. /(5:Z: FH :hd ll/';.4/44 132 NASSAU STREET (ROOM 819) NEW YORK 7, N. Y. PHONE RECTOR 2·4235 Nov • 19 , 1944. Honorable John w. Pehle, Executive Director war Hefugee Board Treasury Building washington, n.o. ., Honorable Sirs- We enclose a copy of our financial statement which 'covers the period of January 1st to October 31st, 1944. xou are intimately aware of all the effort, blood, sweat and tears that is contained in the vaad Hahatzala work. ~From the very inception of the war Refug~e Board, the·vaad Hahatzala has stood in the vanguard of the rescue work, and such rescue measures as procurement of passports,, crossing refugees from one b·order to another, the ransom of ma~__ l_lE):LI!._bx J;he_eneuw, were init111ted by the vaad Hahatzal_a and carried through by its committees in. the. neutral lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Misrahi 1 Robert Misrahi
    Robert Misrahi 1 Robert Misrahi Cet article doit être wikifié (avril 2013). La mise en forme de son texte ne suit pas les recommandations Wikipédia (style, typographie, liens internes, etc. – vérifier la page de discussion où ces motifs peuvent avoir été précisés). Téléchargez le guide de syntaxe et [1] modifiez ! Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (avril 2013). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». (Modifier l'article [1] ) Robert Misrahi est un philosophe français, né à Paris le 3 janvier 1926. Spécialiste de Spinoza, il consacre son travail à la liberté et au bonheur. Professeur émérite de philosophie éthique à l'Université de Paris I (Sorbonne), il a publié de nombreux ouvrages sur Spinoza et consacré l'essentiel de son travail à la question du bonheur. Il lui arriva par ailleurs de publier plusieurs articles dans Les Temps modernes, Encyclopædia Universalis, Le Dictionnaire des philosophies "PUF", mais aussi Libération, Charlie Hebdo ou le Nouvel Observateur. Biographie Né de parents turcs, il poursuit ses études en dépit d'une enfance difficile et de circonstances défavorables[2] (Une mère internée définitivement en psychiatrie quand il a 8 ans, un père ouvrier-tailleur souvent au chômage pendant la crise des années 30, les persécutions antisémites pendant l'Occupation.) ; de nombreux membres de sa famille meurent en déportation). Il obtient la nationalité française à l'âge de 10 ans.
    [Show full text]
  • American Zionism and US Foreign Policy
    AMERICAN ZIONISM richard stevens AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY 1942-1947 .*.*.* • ****** mHHlHi1 » , i “ ^ pjt£ . ****** / J\: * * * /1 '* ' , •■ ‘T'5? • • -r■ ' * THE INSTITUTE FOR PALESTINE STUDIES AMERICAN ZIONISM and U.S. FOREIGN POLICY 1942—1947 by Richard P. Stevens, Ph. D. THE INSTITUTE FOR PALESTINE STUDIES The Institute for Palestine Studies is an independent non-profit Arab research organization not affiliated to any government, political party, or group, devoted to a better understanding of the Palestine problem. Books in the Institute series are published in the interest of public information. They represent the free expression of their authors and do not necessarily indicate the judgement or opinions of the Institute. Copyright © 1962, by Richard P. Stevens First published by Pageant Press, Inc., New York Reprinted by special arrangement by the Institute for Palestine Studies. Copyright © 1970, by the Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut REPRINT SERIES No. 7. THE INSTITUTE FOR PALESTINE STUDIES Ashqar Bldg., Clemenceau Str., P.O.Box 7164, Beirut, Lebanon NOTE TO SECOND IMPRESSION At the request of the Institute for Palestine Studies the author has kindly given his permission for American Zionism and U.S. Foreign Policy (1942-1947) to be reprinted. To My Parents PREFACE The birth of the State of Israel on May 15, 1948, marked the climax of a vigorous campaign launched some six years earlier by world Zionism in the Biltmore Pro¬ gram. At the Biltmore Conference the Zionists had reason to proclaim openly their political intentions before the American public. Although political Zionism had long pursued the goal of a Jewish state, only the circumstances of modern history compelled the complete unveiling of Zionist intentions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conrad Grebel Review Volume 25, Number 3 Fall 2007
    The Conrad Grebel Review Volume 25, Number 3 Fall 2007 Foreword 3 SPINOZA AS RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER: BETWEEN RADICAL PROTESTANTISM AND JEWISHNESS Introduction Jonathan R. Seiling 4 Spinoza on Character and Community Graeme Hunter 9 Response to Graeme Hunter: Spinoza and the Boundary Zones of Religious Interaction Michael Driedger 21 Spinoza’s Jewishness Willi Goetschel 29 Response to Willi Goetschel: Spinoza’s Excommunication David Novak 38 REFLECTION The Jewish–Christian Schism Revisited Mitchell Brown 44 Cover art adapted from Spinoza sculpture imagery provided by Peter John Hartman. Augustinian Existentialism and Yoder’s Messianic Politics: Revolutionary Implications of Augustine’s Understanding of Right Worship Justin D. Klassen 52 ‘Holding Fast’ to Principles or Drawing Boundaries of Exclusion? The Use and Misuse of the Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective David Kratz Mathies 68 ___________________________________________________________________ BOOK REVIEWS Graeme Hunter. Radical Protestantism in Spinoza’s Thought. Reviewed by Peter John Hartman 86 Willi Goetschel. Spinoza’s Modernity: Mendelssohn, Lessing, and Heine. Reviewed by Jonathan R. Seiling 90 Brayton Polka. Hermeneutics and Ontology. Reviewed by Matthew Klaassen 93 Ursula M. Franklin. The Ursula Franklin Reader: Pacifism as a Map. Reviewed by Arthur Boers 95 Gordon Oliver. Holy Bible, Human Bible: Questions Pastoral Practice Must Ask; Ray Gingerich and Earl Zimmerman, eds. Telling Our Stories: Personal Accounts of Engagement with Scripture; Paul Ballard and Stephen R. Holmes, eds. The Bible in Pastoral Practice: Readings in the Place and Function of Scripture in the Church. Reviewed by Jennifer Davis Sensenig 97 Marlene Epp and Carol Ann Weaver, eds. Sound in the Land: Essays on Mennonites and Music.
    [Show full text]