Syria Iraq Refugees-UNHCR Study Guide
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STUDY GUIDE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST: REFUGEES IN SYRIA AND IRAQ Hello delegates! Welcome to the first edition of the Villa Maria Model United Nations! My name is Eduardo Dibos, and I will be the director of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for this VMMUN 2015. The UNHCR is one of the most important United Nations organisms given that refugees originate every day, and each and every one of them needs humanitarian aid. The issues we are going to discuss affects directly the lives of millions of people, making it an incredible relevant topic nowadays. Everyone agrees on the importance of humanitarian action, but we are interested to see on how you can develop diferent solutions to the problems this issue poses. Now I will tell you a little more about myself. I graduated school from Colegio Santa Maria Marianistas in 2013 and I am currently in my second year of Bussiness Management at Universidad del Pacífico. When I am not trying to pass all my courses at university I enjoy going out with my friends, staying at my house watching series or a football game on TV, listening to punk rock music, sleeping and also travelling. I also have passion for international relations and politics and I try to be updated with as many news as I can, either in national or international issues. The first time I had the chance to become involved in MUN was in high school, where I participated in LiMUN 2013. Starting doing MUN gave me the possibility to connect with relevant international issues and politics at a very young age, encouraging me to keep debating at university level. Furthermore, I participated in UPMUN 2014 and USIMUN 2014, after joining Peruvian Debate Society, an amazing group with which I had the luck to prepare to participate at Harvard National Model United Nations Latin America 2015 (Lima, Peru) and Harvard National Model United Nations 2015 (Boston, USA). MUN has given me the chance to develop many skills, meet incredible people and change the way I see the world. I have incredible memories of the first time I debated, and I know this will be the first MUN for many of you, so don’t doubt that myself, along with Francesca Sabroso and Abigail Espinosa, will try to make this experience incredible and unique for you. I look forward to meet you all! See you at Villa Maria on June 5th! Sincerely, Eduardo Dibos Director of the UNHCR Villa María Model of United Nations 2015 [email protected] Dear delegates, It’s our pleasure to welcome you all to the first Villa Maria Model United Nations conference. We are Francesca Sabroso and Abigail Espinosa, your assistant directors for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees committee. Francesca: Welcome to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees committee! My name is Francesca Sabroso, and I’m delighted to be co directing this committee with Eduardo and Abigail at Villa Maria Model United Nations. MUN is an adventure where you’ll be able to develop numerous skills, learn about important global issues and meet incredible people, all while you’re having a blast. I have attended numerous MUN conferences throughout my school life including two international conferences held by Harvard University and all I can say, is that it’s been awesome!. I’m currently a student at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru yet I'm still discovering what my real passion is and future career will be. In my free time I love to play different sports, watch Game of Thrones and hang out with my friends, pretty much enjoy the simplicity of life. I’m really looking forward to make VMMUN 2015 a great experience with all of you, remember that what really matters is to have fun! Abigail: My name is Abigail Espinosa and I hope this will be an experience you’ll always remember and cherish. MUN has given me so many opportunities, such as meeting amazing people from all around the world. It has taught me how to work along with others in order to be able to find a solution. I’m so thankful for everything I’ve learned during this journey, and that’s why I want you to enjoy it as much as you can. I wish you the best to you all and hope we achieve our goals. Apart from MUN I enjoy reading a lot, I like to read romances of any kind, I also love to cook and bake different and creative plates. I love experimenting with the tastes and different condiments. I try to enjoy life as much as I can that’s why I have a passion for photography and art. I think art is the best way someone can express their feelings, and I believe life is about that. This is a committee with high potential, for what we’re really looking forward to work with you and debate about one of the most pressing issues today: The Situation of Refugees from Syria and Iraq. In preparing for this exciting committee, we strongly encourage you to go beyond the study guide in your research. The study guide is intended to serve as a jumping-off point for your research. Preparation, combined with creativity and enthusiasm, will ensure that you get the most out of your experience at our conference. We wish you luck in your preparation, and cannot wait to see what you bring to our conference in June! Hope to see you all there! Sincerely, Francesca Sabroso and Abigail Espinosa Assistant Directors of the UNHCR Villa María Model of United Nations 2015 [email protected] I. INTRODUCTION They are looking for safe and secure environments in which they can enjoy basic Hello and welcome to the United Nations needs, a standard quality of life and peace. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), The rest of this Study Guide will help you for short and colloquially referred as the learn more about the problem itself and its UN Refugee Agency. We will start by causes to get you started on ideas for explaining what is a refugee; a refugee is a solutions. Remember, change is in your person that has abandoned his country of hands, and time for change has come. nationality, crossed international borders and can’t return due to a fear of persecution because of his race, religion, nationality, political opinion or forced to move because of violence (1). This UN body addresses the needs of II. ABOUT THE COMMITTEE modern day refugees and refugee-hosting nations, fulfilling a crucial role from both a The UNHCR was born in the mid-1940’s, by political-economical as well as the time Europe faced a refugee crisis. humanitarian position. Refugees can be There were millions of people displaced by found globally in some of the worst the Second World War and subsequent situations: for example without adequate violence, remained scattered across the shelter, food and health services. These continent and showed no signs of returning types of situations can lead to to their former ways of life or countries. unemployment, malnutrition, violence, Creating a political body capable of disease and many other critic issues. This is providing refuge and aid had already been where the UNHCR comes in, to participate attempted numerous times; however they as a supplier of humanitarian aid and to had all been unsuccessful. Among other coordinate and monitor international issues, their attempts to forcibly protection for refugees. What we are going reintegrate them into their countries of to address in this committee is the most origin resulted in violence. After all those critic and one of the most rapid growing efforts in December 1950 the United humanitarian issues in the world: the Nations High Commissioner for Refugees refugee crisis in the Middle East. was created with a mandate to “lead and coordinate international action to protect As you all may now, Syria and Iraq are refugees and resolve refugee problems currently the home of the most violent worldwide and to safeguard the rights and warfare of the last decade, civil society well-being of refugees.” being the one most affected. City bombings and armed clashes between rival forces Nevertheless, the international have forced many millions of Syrians and community’s evolving attempts to deal Iraqis to leave their cities and become with refugee crises and challenges did not asylum-seekers. With no political solution stop with the creation of the UNHCR. As in sight and military confrontation ongoing, António Guterres, the current UN High the number of people affected by the Commissioner on Refugees states, “the internal conflict is likely to keep increasing. history of UNHCR is one of constant change and adaptation”. Today refugees are the Now, delegates, as members of the UNCHR, primary focus of the UNHCR; however, you are in a position in which more than 15 other vulnerable populations such as million people are depending on you. You internally displaced persons (IDP’s), have the power to look and come up with individuals displaced by conflict, disaster, creative solutions to improve live or persecution that have not crossed an conditions and to aid the people in need. international border also receive attention, Gaddafi respectively, Bashar Al-Assad, protection, and aid from the agency. Over president of Syria remained strong in its more than 60 years of existence, the power. Nonetheless, he did not control the UNHCR has faced many challenges and nation in its entirety. Lack of control in even failures. It cannot effectively help some areas of the country, especially the refugees from a purely humanitarian north, led to the great expansion of armed standpoint.