La Crisis De Los Musulmanes Rohingya

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La Crisis De Los Musulmanes Rohingya GUÍA DE ESTUDIO LA CRISIS DE LOS MUSULMANES ROHINGYA Dialogo de la Cooperación Asiática Directora: Lucrecia González-Olaechea Director Adjunto: Diego Zapata Septiembre 2018 Sesión del 19, 20 y 21 de septiembre de 2018 Modelo de las Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico Estimados Delegados, ¡Bienvenidos a la octava edición del Modelo de Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico (UP MUN)! Mi nombre es Verónica Díaz y tengo el honor de ser la Secretaria General del Modelo de Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico. Como exalumna de esta casa de estudios, es sumamente gratificante poder participar en la organización de uno de los eventos de Modelo de Naciones Unidas más grandes del país. Soy parte de la familia UP MUN desde el año 2013, año en el cual participé por primera vez como delegada en una competencia de Modelo de Naciones Unidas a nivel universitario. A partir de esta primera experiencia continúe participando en UPMUN como delegada del equipo Peruvian Debate Society en el año 2014, como entrenadora en el año 2016 y directora en el año 2017. Junto a este equipo debatí en el Harvard National Model United Nations (HNMUN) y Harvard National Model United Nations- Latin America (HNMUN-LA) y luego también fui entrenadora para ambas conferencias. Los Modelos de Naciones Unidas (MUN) son un gran espacio de aprendizaje académico y personal. Las experiencias dentro y fuera de comité, relacionadas al MUN, son algunas de aquellas que más me han desafiado y en las cuales logré conocerme mejor a través de mis distintas facetas como delegada, entrenadora y ahora buscando transmitir, en una conferencia, gran parte de estas experiencias en solo 3 días. Como egresada de Economía, tengo una profunda vocación por identificar soluciones efectivas para resolver problemas que afectan a nuestra sociedad. Por ello, continúo involucrada en MUN en la medida en que identifico que es un escenario en el cual se desarrolla el pensamiento crítico, la empatía y la búsqueda de soluciones efectivas en miras a cuestionar y resolver problemáticas internacionales y nacionales. He sido testigo de cómo algunas iniciativas MUN se han vuelto proyectos reales y cómo líderes de comité, ponen en buen uso las herramientas desarrolladas en este espacio, para volverse líderes globales. En UPMUN, hemos seleccionado temas de alta relevancia global que buscan que los delegados contrasten con la realidad de nuestro país. Desde la violencia contra la mujer hasta un conflicto que sucede a más de 18 mil kilómetros de distancia, pero que nos recuerda lo importante que es la solidaridad más allá de nuestra nacionalidad y creencias. Quiero cerrar esta carta agradeciendo y reconociendo al gran equipo que ha trabajado todos estos meses en la preparación de UPMUN: a todos sus directores y directores adjuntos, por ponerle su sello personal a cada guía y el arduo trabajo, a Carlos Zelada por haber depositado su confianza en mí y lograr que esta conferencia sea lo que es luego de ocho años, y finalmente a su Secretario General Adjunto, Augusto Dannon, por ser mi apoyo incondicional y enseñarme todos los días. Delegados, les deseo la mejor de las suertes y que disfruten este 19, 20 y 21 de setiembre. ¡Nos vemos pronto! Verónica Díaz Hinostroza Secretaria General Octava edición del Modelo de las Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico 2 Sesión del 19, 20 y 21 de septiembre de 2018 Modelo de las Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico Estimados Delegados, Mi nombre es Lucrecia González-Olaechea y en esta edición de UPMUN seré su Directora del Comité de Cooperación Asiática. Este comité debatirá la crisis de los musulmanes Rohingya. Tengo 20 años y soy estudiante de Derecho en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Soy peruana y panameña, aunque siempre he tenido una vida especialmente internacional, ya que tengo familiares alrededor del mundo, padres diplomáticos y me he mudada a más de cuatro países. No es sorprendente, por ende, que tenga un especial interés hacia temas de relaciones internacionales y política mundial. Aparte de los estudios, me encanta aprender idiomas, trato de viajar lo más que puedo para conocer culturas e historia, y amo las artes. Esos son los aspectos más importantes en mi vida. Mi carrera MUN empezó en el colegio cuando vivía en Italia. Una vez llegada a Lima, lo continué, participando en conferencias locales como LiMUN e internacionales como HMUN en Boston. Al terminar el colegio, fui admitida en el equipo de debate Peruvian Universities. Debatí en HNMUN-LA en Lima, donde gané Outstanding Delegate y el Special Rapporteur Award, así como dos WorldMUNs, en Roma y Montreal, donde se me otorgó el premio de Diplomacy Award y Verbal Commendation, respectivamente. Luego, fuí parte del equipo de entrenamiento del mismo equipo para WorldMUN en Panamá. Como parte de la mesa de directores el año pasado, he participado nacionalmente, siendo Directora de LiMUN y Asistente de Director de UPMUN ´17, así como internacionalmente, siendo Moderadora en MUNUR en Bogotá. Finalmente, espero con ansias esta octava edición de UPMUN para debatir el tema de la crisis de los musulmanes Rohingya en Myanmar. En este debate se espera que los delegados investiguen las implicancias de la crisis de una manera holística, que exploren los orígenes del conflicto, las consecuencias de la crisis de refugiados, las violaciones sistemáticas de DDHH y las posibilidades que tiene la comunidad asiática para actuar en defensa de la comunidad étnica, sin perder de vista la soberanía del estado. Las soluciones deben tener en cuenta el posible debate sobre la presunta calificación de esta crisis como una limpieza étnica y/o un genocidio. Asimismo, se espera que el espíritu de diplomacia, respeto y cooperación estén siempre presentes ya que son imprescindibles para un debate fructífero y fluido, en concordancia con el espíritu clásico de UPMUN. Dado que es un tema controvertido, complicado y lleno de posibilidades, la creatividad será necesaria para resolver esta crisis como comunidad asiática. ¡No tengo dudas que esta será una experiencia igualmente desafiante como divertida para todos! Diego y yo los esperamos el 19, 20 y 21 de setiembre en el Diálogo de la Cooperación Asiática. Saludos, Lucrecia González–Olaechea Directora del Dialogo de la Cooperación Asiática Octava edición del Modelo de las Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico 3 Sesión del 19, 20 y 21 de septiembre de 2018 Modelo de las Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico Guía de estudio: La crisis de los musulmanes Rohingya Dialogo de la Cooperación Asiática Lucrecia González-Olaechea (Directora) Diego Zapata (Director Adjunto) Contenido de la Guía de Estudio 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................................... 5 A. Acerca del Dialogo de la Cooperación Asiática ........................................................................................ 5 B. Definición del Problema ............................................................................................................................... 6 2. LA REALIDAD DE LOS ROHINGYA: ¿UNA CRISIS? ....................................................................... 7 A. Reconocimiento en Birmania ....................................................................................................................... 7 B. Violación de Derechos Humanos ............................................................................................................... 9 C. Crisis de Refugiados ..................................................................................................................................... 13 3. ACCIONES PREVIAS DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS ...................................................................... 16 A. Marco Jurídico de Sistema Internacional de Protección de los Refugiados ....................................... 17 B. Marco Jurídico en el Sistema de Protección contra la Limpieza Étnica .............................................. 18 C. El marco de las Naciones Unidas para la prevención del genocidio ................................................... 19 D. Acciones del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR): ahondando en la crisis de los refugiados ........................................................................................................... 20 E. Acciones del Alto Comisionado de Derechos Humanos ...................................................................... 21 4. POSIBLES SOLUCIONES .......................................................................................................................... 22 5. POSICIONES POR BLOQUES ................................................................................................................. 23 6. PREGUNTAS QUE TODO PROYECTO DE RESOLUCIÓN DEBE RESPONDER ............... 24 7. FUENTES CITADAS Y CONSULTADAS ............................................................................................ 25 4 Sesión del 19, 20 y 21 de septiembre de 2018 Modelo de las Naciones Unidas de la Universidad del Pacífico 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A. Acerca del Dialogo de la Cooperación Asiática El Diálogo de Cooperación Asiática es un foro continental establecido en junio de 2002, con el objetivo de promover la cooperación en el continente asiático y contribuir a integrar organizaciones regionales separadas, tales como la Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático, la Asociación Surasiática para la Cooperación Regional,
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