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2015 Para universitarios y escolares DISEC HGA (SPECPOL) OIT COP 21 FMI Consejo de seguridad JCC Comité de prensa Guías de Estudio SPECPOL 2 BIENVENIDA STUDIO E DE UÍA G 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 Dear Delegates, Hello and welcome to PUCP MUN 2015! My name is Claudia Herbert Colfer and I will have the pleasure to be the Director of the Special Political and Decolonisation Committee (SPECPOL). I was born in Lima but, currently, I live in the United Kingdom where I study Politics and International Relations at the University of Bath. Aside from academics, I consider MUN to be my favourite extracurricular activity. I have been involved in it since high school and I have participated in PUCP MUN for the past two years: I was delegate of SOCHUM in 2013 and, last year, the Director of the Security Council. Model United Nations is one of the most rewarding activities I have ever done: it is not only a fantastic opportunity to get to know many young and motivated people from all over the world but it also is a great chance to improve negotiation skills and to gain valuable knowledge. I will always be eager to attend as many conferences as possible. Nonetheless, whenever I am not chairing or debating, I love learning new languages, dancing salsa, watching Friends and spending time with friends. I just want to say that I am really excited about this conference and I am sure that the level of debate will be extremely high. I am looking forward to meeting you all in person. If in the meantime you have any questions about the topics, the debate or just feel like saying hi, feel free to contact me at [email protected]. See you soon and happy researching! Best, SPECPOL Claudia Herbert Directora del Comité SPECPOL PUCPMUN 2015 3 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 4 BIENVENIDA STUDIO E DE UÍA G 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 Dear Delegates, It is my distinguished pleasure to welcome you to PUCP MUN 2015, the 5 of its kind, and I am thrilled that we will be sharing this experience together. My Name is Leonard Heberer and I will have the honor to be the Assistant Director of the Historical General Assembly’s fourth subcommittee, SPECPOL. I am an economics student at the University of Hamburg in Germany, but at the moment I am doing an exchange semester in Lima at the USIL. I have been doing MUN since April 2014 and found out quickly that I am able to improve my debating and negation skills, while combining this with my passion for international politics. My first conference was the HolylandMUN in Israel in August 2014, in the midst of the Gaza war. Simulating diplomacy, while a war was fought less than a 100 km away, convinced me that MUN is more than just a BIENVENIDA fun hobby, it offers the great opportunity of strengthening peaceful, inter-cultural boundaries in an increasingly polarized world. Since then, I have attended three more conferences as a Delegate. I was also part of the Staff of Hammun 2014 and this January I was elected Chairman of the board of the HanseMUN association, the MUN society of my home University and host to the Hammun, which is the largest and most prestigious German MUN conference as well as one of the largest in all of Europe. I am looking forward to meeting you all very soon and share this unforgettable experience with you! If you have any questions concerning the committee, do not hesitate to ask me at: l.heberer@ hansemun.de Best regards, SPECPOL Leonard Heberer 5 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 6 BIENVENIDA STUDIO E DE UÍA G 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 Dear Delegates, My name is Maria del Pilar Lindley Esteves and I am an Industrial Engineering student at Universidad de Lima. I have been involved in MUN since 2011, year in which I became part of “Peruvian Universities (PU)”, a team that represents Peru at Harvard International MUN conferences. Model UN has undoubtedly become an essential part of my life since then. I have participated in Harvard World Model United Nations 2012 (Vancouver, Canada), Harvard World Model United Nations 2013 (Melbourne, Australia), Harvard World Model United Nations 2014 (Brussels, Belgium), and Harvard National Model United Nations 2015 (Boston, USA), and I have won awards in both conferences. Last year I decided to start a new project with a group of friends, and we created Promotora Internacional de Debates (PRIDE Peru), an association focused on promoting debate among high school and university students, mainly through Model United Nations. PRIDE Peru sponsors the competitive MUN team “Peruvian Debate Society (PDS)”, which has won a record of 31 national and international awards in less than a year, including the “Best Large Delegation” Award at Harvard National Model United Nations Latin America (HNMUNLA) BIENVENIDA 2015, which took place at Universidad del Pacifico in January this year. I have been part of this team since its beginnings, both as a delegate and as Faculty Advisor. Regarding MUN events, I was actively involved in the organization of Lima Model United Nations (LiMUN) 2012 as part of the logistics team; Lima Model United Nations (LiMUN 2013) as Head of the Logistics Team, Head of the Substantial Affairs Team and Committee Director; and in Lima Model United Nations (LiMUN 2014) as Secretary General. I am also currently organizing a new MUN conference for high-school students with the help of my school, Villa Maria Model United Nations (VMMUN) 2015, where I will be Secretary General. I am thrilled to be serving as moderator for the Historical General Assembly in this four session of PUCPMUN. For those of you who will be debating for the first time, welcome to the MUN world! And for those of you with a little bit more of experience, welcome back and I hope we can make this your best conference yet! Best regards, SPECPOL Pilar Lindley 7 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 COMMITTEE HISTORY WELCOME TO THE HISTORICAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY’S SPECIAL POLITICAL AND DECOLONISATION COMMITTEE (SPECPOL) SPECPOL is the fourth committee in the General Assembly and was established in 1993. Being a mixture of the Special Political committee and the Decolonisation committee (formerly known as fourth committee), SPECPOL discusses topics such as the ones related with decolonisation, Palestinian refugees and human rights, peacekeeping, mine action, outer space, public information, atomic radiation and University for Peace.i All 193 states are members of the United Nations’ Special Political and Decolonisation committee and have the objective of helping developing states in need. The two topics that will be discussed in this conference are especially important for SPECPOL. On the one hand, the Congo Crisis is especially relevant because, after the Second World War, most of the colonies gained independence from their colonisers. In some cases, such as Ghana, this transition went smoothly. However, the Congo was a perfect example of how an independence process can go terribly wrong if it is not properly organised. As the Belgian colonisers were forced to give up their colony, they did not prepare an elaborated strategy. This resulted in chaos with the separation of several provinces and internal struggle between different parties. In order to solve these problems, the United Nations Special Political and Decolonisation committee (in cooperation with the SPECPOL IN SESSION Security Council) plays an important role because it has to intervene to SPECPOL re-establish peace and to find solutions for the future development. On the other hand, the second topic, the Six-Day war and its repercussions, is also very relevant because after the end of this war, Israel had created completely new facts and changed the political landscape. It held former Arab i United Nations (2015). http://www.un.org/en/ga/fourth/ (15:37 21.04.2015) 9 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 territories occupied, from which many Palestinian inhabitants, who are now living as refugees, flew. One of the topics of this agreement was the diversion of water. Israel wanted to pump water from the Sea of Galilee through a pipeline to its desert regions in the south. This alarmed the Arab League, which feared to be cut off its water resources and as an answer, developed an own plan to divert the rivers Hasbani and Banias, which would have meant water shortage for Israel. In this scenario, SPECPOL faces two main tasks: firstly, to take care of the refugees, to give them shelter and food and to work for a political solution in order to reintegrate them to their homeland and, secondly, to find and coordinate a plan to divert the water usage in an equitable way. SPECPOL’s main task is to assist countries in overcoming a harsh past to lead them in their way towards independence, ensuring that their inhabitants can live freely and without fear and to integrate the new decolonised countries into the international community- STUDIO E DE UÍA G 10 10 al 13 JUNIO 2015 TOPIC A THE CONGO CRISIS INTRODUCTION The area in which today’s Democratic Republic of the Congo is located, was settled since the 5th century by people who lived from hunting and gathering. From the 1870s, Belgium invaded the Congo and, at the beginning, intended to establish a colony in order to exploit the many natural resources that this region had to offer. Finally, in 1885, Belgium’s king, Leopold II, acquired the area as private property. In the following years, he and his partners exploited the country with brutal methods, neglecting the needs of the indigenous population, resulting in the death of millions.