Caesarism in the Post-Revolutionary Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020

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Prutsch, Markus J. "Index." Caesarism in the Post-Revolutionary Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. 281–290. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 26 Sep. 2021. <>.

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Abraham Africanus I 154 comparison with Napoleon III 134–48 absolutism 57, 97–9, 126–30, 132–3, constitutional status 137–41, 143–5 156–7, 172–3, 195, 215 democratic-plebiscitary legitimacy Albisson, Jean 30–1 142–3 Alexander the Great 18, 27, 33, 36, 38, 53, imperialism 143–5 55, 232 n. 121 negative integration 134 Alexander I 6 Prachtschrift 131 Alexander II 111 social imperialism 134–5 American Declaration of Independence 15 social policies 145–6 American Revolution 9, 13–14, 25 suﬀ rage 142–3 United States Constitution 13, 25 Weber, Max 177–9, 184–5 Arendt, Hannah 201, 206, 257 n. 66 Blankenburg, Heinrich 120 Origins of Totalitarianism, Th e 201 Verfassung und innere Politik des Arnould, Ambroise-Henry 30 zweiten Kaiserreichs 120 d’Artois, Henri, Comte de Chambord 158 B ö hmer, Johann Friedrich 57 Augustus 33, 41, 58, 75, 97, 199, 239 n. 45 Bollman, Karl authoritarianism 2–3, 201–2 Vertheidigung des Macchiavellismus 122–3 Baden 48, 53 Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise de 42 Bagehot, Walter 152–3, 248-9 n. 18 Bonaparte, Louis-Napolé on (Napoleon III) Caesarism as it now exists 152 7, 35, 69–71, 116–17, 219–21 Collapse of Caesarism, Th e 152–3 L’analyse de la question des sucres 70 banking 104 anti-parliamentarism and Barni, Jules 106–7, 112 authoritarianism 139–42 La morale dans la d é mocratie 106 Bagehot, Walter 152–3, 248–9 n. 18 Barr è s, Auguste-Maurice 166 Bollman, Karl 123 L’appel au soldat 166 Caesarism 97, 107, 115–17, 152 Baumgarten, Hermann 124–5 charisma 105, 117, 221 Der deutsche Liberalismus. Eine comparison with Bismarck, Otto von Selbstkritik 124 134–48 Bavaria 48, 53 constitutional status 137–9 Belgium 54, 62, 132 coup of 1851 80–90 Bennett, James Gordon, Jr. 155 democratic-plebiscitary legitimacy 142–3 Berlier, Th é ophile 29–30 Donoso Cort é s, Juan 73, 75–6 Bismarck, Otto von 111, 130–48, 174–7, economic and social reformism 102–4 221–2 electoral support 105–10, 139, 220 amalgamation policy 134 Extinction du paup é risme 70 anti-parliamentarism and Histoire de Jules Cé sar 97, 156 authoritarianism 139–42 Des Idé es Napolé oniennes 70 Bonapartism 130–48 imperialism 110–15, 145 Caesarism 130–48, 176, 179, 248 n. 18 legitimacy, political 102–3, 112

281 282 Index

Marx, Karl 87, 100–2 Blankenburg, Heinrich 120 military defeat 114–15 comparison with Gaullism 209–10 Mommsen, Th eodor 96–7 defi nitions 110 Mundt, Th eodor 99–100, 115 democracy 107 National Socialism 200 Frantz, Constantin 92–3 perceptions of 84–102 Germany 94, 125–30 plebiscite 82, 84, 89, 106, 109–10, 115, Marx, Karl 87, 100–2 117, 159, 220, 231 n. 77, 240 n. 87–8 Michels, Robert 197–8 R ê veries politiques 70 Mundt, Th eodor 99–100, 115 Romieu, Franç ois-Auguste 76–80 Radowitz, Joseph Maria von 93–4 Segesser, Philipp Anton von 98–9 Segesser, Philipp Anton von 98–9 social policies 70–1, 104–5, 145 socialism 100 social reform 70–1, 100, 104–5, 116 Spengler, Oswald 189–90 suff rage 105–7, 142–3 Bouhler, Philipp Bonaparte, Lucien 23, 26, 27 Napoleon. Kometenbahn eines Genies Bonaparte, Napoleon (Napoleon I) 7, 9, 16, 200 21–2, 217 Boulanger, Georges Ernest 161–4, 200, 222–3 18 Brumaire 23–4, 27, 30–1, 37–8, 43 Boulangism 162–7, 170, 183–4, 222–3 achievements 28–9 Bourbon Restoration 47–50 Bouhler, Philipp 200 Brazil 132 charisma 31, 36 Britain 2, 95, 104–5, 107, 113, 150–4, 180, church 46 183, 204, 227 n. 3 (see also England) Constitution of the Year VIII 24–6, 28, Buchholz, Friedrich 38 44, 217, 230 n. 62 Burke, Edmund 19–20, 43–4, 217 dictatorship 32, 72–3 Refl ections on the Revolution in France downfall 33–4, 111 19–20 hereditary empire 27–34 legitimacy, political 46, 51–2, 64 Cadoudal, Georges 29 military failure 33, 45, 111 Caesar, Julius 18–19, 82, 96–7, 152 military success 22, 33, 45 Mommsen, Th eodor 96 myth of 34–5, 45, 53–5, 64–5, 69–70 parallels with Bonaparte 26–8, 33–6, National Socialism 199–200 45, 53, 55, 77, 96–7 parallels with Alexander the Great 27, parallels with Lincoln 154–5, 249 n. 27 33, 36, 38, 53, 55, 232 n. 121 usurpation 41 parallels with Caesar 26–8, 33–6, 45, Caesarism 4–5, 44, 66, 97–8, 149–50, 183 53, 55, 77, 96–7 ( see also Bonapartism and parallels with Charlemagne 27, 32, Boulangism and German 36–7, 51, 232 n. 94 Caesarism) perceptions of 36–43, 53, 64, 85 Weber, Max 177–82 plebiscite 25–6, 28, 31, 44, 217, comparative study 209–12 231 n. 77 comparison with populism 213–14 popular support 44–5 defi nitions 4, 8, 152, 158, 180 Pr é cis des guerres de C é sar 35 democracy, relation to 224–6 prestige 168 dictionary defi nitions 151, 158, 170–1, propaganda 22, 29, 32–3, 34–5, 45 227 n. 5, 254 n. 183 rise to power 22–36 explicit legacy 203–12 Bonapartism 8, 36–43, 46–66, 149, 217–19, legacy 203–14 227 n. 6 (see also Napoleonic Idea) parliamentary 180–2 Bismarck, Otto von 130–48 political theory 203–9 Index 283

qualitative 204 Constitution of the Fift h French Republic quantitative 204 210–12 studying 7–11 Constitution of the Year III 16 substantial legacy 203, 212–14 Constitution of the Year VIII 24–6, 28, 44, totalitarianism, comparison with 202–3 217, 230 n. 62 Camphausen, Wilhelm 147 Constitution of the Year X 28 Carlyle, Th omas Constitution of the Year XII 28 French Revolution: A History, Th e 58 constitutional monarchism 47–9, 52, 63–4, On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the 72, 137–8, 218 Heroic in History 58–9 France 47–9, 52, 63–4, 127–8, 137–8 Carnot, Lazare 30 Germany 127–8, 137 Carret, Michel 30 Romieu, Franç ois-Auguste 77 Carrion-Nisas, Henri de 30 Sch ä ﬄ e, Albert 173 Cavaignac, Louis-Eug è ne 71 Consular Constitution 24–26, 28, 44, 217 Cavour, Camillo 124–5, 156 see also Constitution of the Year Le Cé sarisme 160–1 VIII charisma 6–7, 17, 228 n. 12 (see also heroes) Crimean War 104, 110–11, 113, 123, 131 Bonaparte, Louis-Napol é on 105, 117, crisis 5, 6, 43 221 Cromwell, Oliver 23, 26, 72, 120, 218 Bonaparte, Napoleon 31, 36 crowd psychology 167–70 Boulanger, Georges Ernest 165 dictionary deﬁ nitions 254 n. 183 de Gaulle, Charles 209–12, 224 Guizot, Franç ois 51 de Riencourt, Amaury 207–9 Hitler, Adolf 200, 256 n. 58 L’ère des nouveaux c é sars 207 Michels, Robert 197–9 democracy 1–3, 215, 224–6 (see also mass Mussolini, Benito 198–9, 256 n. 54 democracy) Pétain, Philippe 209, 257 n. 97 Barni, Jules 106–7 Rist, Johann Georg 53–4 Bonaparte, Louis-Napol é on 105–10 Robespierre, Maximilien 21 Conservative Revolution 193 Weber, Max 181–2, 185, 187, 223, despotism 50–1, 59–62, 64, 152–3 254 n. 167 development 5–6 Wilhelm II 252 n. 132 dictatorship, relation to 3–4, 58–62, 65, Charlemagne 27, 32, 36–7, 51, 55, 97, 193–4, 215–16 232 n. 94 Diezel, Gustav 94–5 Charles X 113, 158 Frantz, Constantin 92–3 Chateaubriand, Franç ois-Ren é de 37, 85 Germany 94–5, 192–3 M é moires d’Outre-Tombe 37 Heine, Heinrich 55–6 Chesnelong, Pierre-Charles 108 liberal 1 civilization 189–90 Maine, Henry James Sumner 153 Committee of Public Safety 15, 21 threats to 2–3, 224–6 communism 56, 71–2, 86, 91, 93, 99–100, Tocqueville, Alexis de 59–62 194–5 transitional 2 conceptual history 4, 7, 9, 227 n. 8 Weber, Max 180, 185–6 Conservative Revolution 191–3, 196–7 Western 1–2, 215 Constant, Benjamin 39–43, 46, 49–50, despotism 40–2, 49–51 (see also 217–18 dictatorship) De l’esprit de conqu ê te et de l’usurpation Barni, Jules 112 dans leurs rapports avec la Constant, Benjamin 40–1, 46, 49 civilisation europé enne 39, 49 democratic 50–1, 59–62, 65, 152–3 284 Index

feudal 50 First World War 10, 137, 176, 182, 184, Gerlach, Ludwig Friedrich Leopold 189–91 von 126–7 Fontanes, Louis-Marcelin de Guizot, Franç ois 50–1 Parall è le entre Cé sar, Cromwell, Monck Hugo, Victor 86 et Bonaparte 26–8 Luden, Heinrich 39 France 67–8, 183–4 (see also Bonaparte, military 53 Louis-Napolé on and Bonaparte, monarchical 50 Napoleon and French Revolution) religious 50 banking 104 Tocqueville, Alexis de 59–61, 65 Bonaparte, Lucien 23, 26–7 dictatorship 3–4, 57–8, 215 (see also Boulangism 162–7, 170, 183–4, 222–3 despotism) Bourbon Restoration 47–50 Bonaparte, Napoleon 32, 72–3 cohabitation 211–12 commissarial 20–1, 79, 92, 194–5 constitutional monarchism 47–9, 52, democratic 3–4, 58–62, 65, 193–4, 63–4, 127–8, 137–8 215–16 de Gaulle, Charles 209–12, 224 dictionary deﬁ nitions 57–8 economic and social reformism 102–4 Donoso Corté s, Juan 73–5 economy 67–8 Frantz, Constantin 92 First Empire 30–4, 99, 110, 112, 116 Neumann, Franz 205–6 Fift h Republic 209–12 Romieu, Franç ois-Auguste 76–80 foreign policy 112–13 Schmitt, Carl 20, 194–6 Franco-Prussian War 113–15, 119, 143, simple 205 157, 220–1 sovereign 20–1, 194–5 imperialism 110–15 totalitarian 205–6 industrialization 70, 100 Diezel, Gustav 94–5, 100, 120, 124, 220 Jacobins, the 15–16, 21, 24, 26, 37, 46, Deutschland und die abendl ä ndische 156–7, 159 Civilisation 94 July Monarchy 52, 64, 67–8, 76, 112–13, Frankreich, seine Elemente und ihre 158, 219, 237 n. 78 Entwicklung 94 Louis XVI 13, 15, 17, 25, 228 n. 10 German Caesarism 120 Louis XVIII 48 –9, 63, 113 Donoso Cort é s, Juan, Marqu é s de Louis-Philippe I 62, 68, 77, 113, 134, Valdegamas 73–6 237 n. 78 Ensayo sobre el catolicismo, el mass democracy 157–70 liberalismo y el socialismo militarization 90, 100 considerados en sus principios Mitterand, Franç ois 211 fundamentales 75–6 nationalism 119, 166, 184 Duncker, Maximilian 124 P é tain, Philippe 209, 257 n. 97 political reform 62, 105, 108–9 England 19, 27, 39, 132, 151, 192 (see also pro-Caesarism movement 160–1 Britain) proletariat, the 77–80, 88, 101–2 European Union 2 Revolution of 1830 54, 62 Revolution of 1848 56, 62, 67–74, 136, Fascism 190, 197–201, 203–4, 223 219 Ferdinand VII 218 Romieu, Franç ois-Auguste 76–80, 88, Ferrand, Joseph 160 91, 112, 115, 186, 220, 239 n. 47, 240 Cé sarisme et democratie 160 n. 75, 242 n. 127 Ferrero, Guglielmo 46, 156–7, 159 Second Empire 80–90, 100, 102–17, Il Militarismo 156 122 Index 285

Second Republic 68–9 constitutional monarchism 127–8, social reform 68, 70–1, 100, 104–5, 116 137–8 socialism 76, 88, 99–100 democracy 94–5, 192 society 136 First World War 190–1 suff rage 68, 105–7, 142–3 foreign policy 174 transport 104 formal constitution 137–8 Franco-Prussian War 113–15, 119, 143, Franco-Prussian War 113–15, 119, 143, 157, 220–1 157, 220–1 Frank, Walter 200 F ü hrertum 193, 196–7, 200 Frantz, Constantin 91–3 High Conservatives 125–33 Louis Napoleon 91 Hitler, Adolf 190, 196–7, 200, 256 n. 58 Franz II 111 mass democracy 170–3, 176, 179–81 Frederick the Great 36, 53, 129, 229 n. 26 Napoleonic myth 53–7, 64–5 French Constitution of 1791 14, 16, 25, 69 National Socialism 3, 190, 196–7, French Constitution of 1852 83–4, 108, 199–201, 223 138–9 Old Conservatives 125–6 French Constitution of 1870 108–9, 138 parliamentary government 192–3 French Revolution 9, 13–21, 43, 216–17 political reform 53–4 ( see also Bonaparte, Napoleon) Realpolitik 122, 133, 142, 145 18 Brumaire 23–4, 27, 30–1, 37–8, 43 Revolution of 1830 54 legacy 47–50 Revolution of 1848 90–1, 136 referendum 25 ruling class 125–30 Friedrich III 140 social policy 174 Friedrich Wilhelm III 111 society 128–9, 136–7, 174 Friedrich Wilhelm IV 125–9, 133 suff rage 142–3 F ü hrertum 193, 196–7, 200 totalitarianism 190–204 unifi cation 143–5 Gaius Gracchus 96 Weimar Constitution 182, 195–6 Garat, Dominique Joseph 24 Weimar Republic 177, 190–2, 195–7 Gaullism 209–10 Wilhelm II 145, 174–7, 184, 222–3, George III 15 252 n. 132, 253 n. 147 Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig von 126–7, 131 Young Germany ( Junges Deutschland ) Gerlach, Ludwig Friedrich Leopold von 54, 65, 124, 219 126–9, 131–3 Gladstone, William 186, 223 German Caesarism 91, 119–30, 135, G ö rres, Joseph von 37 146–8, 170–3 Resultate meiner Sendung nach Paris Bismarck, Otto von 130–48, 221–2 im Brumaire des achten Jahres 37 defi nitions 170–1 government 1 (see also democracy and Weber, Max 177–82 despotism and dictatorship and Wilhelm II 174–7 illegitimacy, political and German Imperial Constitution of 1871 legitimacy, political and monarchy) 138–9, 142, 144 authoritarian 2–3, 201–2 Germany 37–9, 184–5, 218–20 ( see also cohabitation 211–12 Bismarck, Otto von and German communism 56, 194–5 Caesarism) crisis 6 Bonaparte, Louis-Napol é on, reception monarchical despotism 50 of 90–102 monarchical republic 211 Bonapartism 94, 125–30 parliamentary 76, 92, 110, 169, 180–2, Conservative Revolution 191–3, 196–7 192–3, 213, 223 286 Index

popular sovereignty 13–14, 17, 23, industrialization 10, 19, 67, 70, 100, 104, 194–5, 214, 216–19, 224 136, 146 republicanism 18, 20, 43, 75, 92, 120–1, Italy 22, 54, 113–14, 124–5, 135, 150, 159, 191 156–7, 183, 197–9, 227 n. 3 revolution 5–6 totalitarianism 1, 7, 189–206, 223, Jacobins, the 15–16, 21, 24, 26, 37, 46, 257 n. 66 156–7, 159 usurpation 39–42, 46, 49, 110 Jarcke, Karl Ernst 57, 126 Western 1 Jellinek, Georg Gramsci, Antonio 204–5 Verfassungs ä nderung und Grant, Ulysses S. 155 Verfassungswandlung 222 Greece 48, 132 Jourdeuil, M. 158–9 great men. See heroes Du cé sarisme en France 158–9 Great Revolutions, the 17, 43, 50, 136, 206 July Monarchy 52, 64, 67–8, 76, 112–13, Gr é vy, Franç ois Paul Jules 69 158, 219, 237 n. 78 Guicciardini, Francesco 18 Jung, Edgar Julius 193, 197 Guizot, Fran ç ois 50–2, 59, 64, 68, 73 Die Herrschaft der Minderwertigen 193 History of Civilisation in Europe 50 Sinndeutung der deutschen Revolution History of Civilisation in France 50, 51 197 History of Representative Government in Europe 51 Koppe, Karl Wilhelm 45

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 38, 58, 64, La Fayette, Marquis de 20–1, 32, 44, 229 n. 96, 120–1, 218 34 Heine, Heinrich 54–7, 65, 124, 219 Larousse, Pierre Henri V. See d’Artois, Henri Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe hereditary monarchy 22–3, 27–34, 40, 57 si è cle 158 heroes 19, 51, 53–4, 58–9, 64, 170, 223, 225 Lasalle, Ferdinand 142, 145 ( see also charisma and leadership) Lazzaro, Giuseppe 135, 156 Hinckeldey, Karl Ludwig Friedrich von Il cesarismo e l’Italia 156 129–30 Le Bon, Gustave 167–70, 181, 184, 197, 223 Hindenburg, Paul von 176, 179, 186, Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, 253 n. 149, 257 n. 97 Th e 167 historical analysis 9 electoral crowds 169 Historismus 237 n. 60 leadership 6–7, 17–21 ( see also heroes) Hitler, Adolf 190, 196–7, 200, 256 n. 58 Bollmann, Karl 123 Hobson, John Atkinson Caesarism 180–1 Crisis of Liberalism: New Issues of Conservative Revolution 193 Democracy, Th e 154 crowd psychology 167–8, 170 Holland 69, 132 see also Netherlands Guizot, Franç ois 51 Hugo, Victor 85–7, 89, 106 Heine, Heinrich 65 Napol é on le Petit 85–7 Hitler, Adolf 196–7, 200 Hungary 2, 227 n. 3 mass democracy 170–82, 185–6, 198 Michels, Robert 197–9 illegitimacy, political 3, 46, 50–2, 64, 89, 129, prestige 168 170, 178–9, 181–2, 186, 215 (see also Rist, Johann Georg 53–4 legitimacy, political and usurpation) Weber, Max 179–82, 185–6 Constant, Benjamin 41–2, 46, 49 Wieland, Christoph Martin 22–3 Guizot, Franç ois 50–2, 64 Wilhelm II 175 Index 287

League of Patriots 162–4 France 157–70 legitimacy, political 1, 3, 6, 13–17, 24–6, 35, Germany 170–3, 176, 179–81 45–64, 181–2 (see also illegitimacy, Italy 156–7 political) Michels, Robert 198 Constant, Benjamin 41–2, 46, 49 Schmitt, Carl 192 Guizot, Franç ois 50–2, 64 United States of America 151, 154–5 Second Empire 102–4 Weber, Max 180–2, 223 Talleyrand-P é rigord, Charles-Maurice mass politics 165–7, 183, 223 (see also de 49 mass democracy) liberalism 50, 73, 75–7, 122 masses, the 150–7, 176, 221–2 (see also Germany 122, 124–5, 191–2 mass democracy and proletariat, Lieber, Francis (Franz) 95 the and working classes) On Civil Liberty and Self-Government Conservative Revolution 193 95 crowd psychology 167–70 Lincoln, Abraham 154–5, 249 n. 27 populism 213–14 Linguet, Simon-Nicholas Henri 19 Weber, Max 180–1, 182, 223 Littr é , É mile Mazzini, Giuseppe 156 Dictionnaire de la langue fran ç aise Meyer, Arthur 164–5 158 Michels, Robert 192, 197–9, 223 Loewenstein, Karl 207 Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der Political Power and the Governmental modernen Demokratie 192, 197 Process 207 Mitterand, Fran ç ois 211 Louis XVI 13, 15, 17, 25, 228 n. 10 modern age 5–6, 8, 65, 194, 201, 203, Louis XVIII 48–9, 63, 113 205–6, 221 see also modernity Louis-Philippe I 62, 68, 77, 113, 134, modernity 4, 8–9, 37, 126, 157, 177, 180, 237 n. 78 191, 219, 223 Luden, Heinrich 39 Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur 191 Nemesis. Zeitschrift f ü r Politik und Mommsen, Th eodor 96–7 Geschichte 39 Rö mische Geschichte 96 Ludendorﬀ , Erich 176 monarchical constitutionalism. See Luther, Martin 59, 167 constitutional monarchism monarchical republic 211 MacDonald, Ramsey 204 monarchy 6–7, 14–15 , 48, 77, 217–18 Machiavelli, Niccolò 18, 103 ( see also Bonapartism and Machiavellianism 9, 42, 122–3 Caesarism and constitutional Maine, Henry James Sumner 153 monarchism) Popular Government 153 absolute 172, 207, 229 n. 26 Maistre, Joseph de 20, 42, 44, 48, 217 constitutional 38–9, 62–4, 77, 99, 134, Considerations on France 20 173 Mann, Th omas democratic 99, 121 Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen 191 divine right 32, 63 Manteuﬀ el, Otto Th eodor von 32, 111, hereditary 22–3, 40, 57, 62–3, 83, 117, 128–32, 245 n. 39 146, 161, 179–80 Marx, Karl 87, 100–2 , 106, 135, 147, 220 hereditary empire 27–34 Der 18te Brumaire des Louis Napoleon military 112 100 military failures 110–11 mass democracy 149–170 (see also parliamentary 158, 176 democracy and mass politics) plebiscitary 116, 184 electoral crowds 169 social 73, 121, 146, 174 288 Index

Stein, Lorenz von 71–3, 121, 173–4 Poland 2, 48, 54, 227 n. 3 Wilhelm II 175–6 political legitimacy. See legitimacy, Monck, George 27 political Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, political reform 57, 63 Baron de 18, 103 Belgium 62 Mosley, Oswald 201, 256 n. 64 France 62, 105, 108–9 Mundt, Th eodor 99–100 , 115 Germany 53–4 Paris und Louis Napoleon 99 Tocqueville, Alexis de 59–61 Pariser Kaiser-Skizzen 99 Ponsonby, George 36 Mussolini, Benito 197–9, 204, 256 n. 54, popular sovereignty 13–14, 17, 23, 194–5, 256 n. 56 214, 216–19, 224 populism 45, 81, 148, 165–6, 213–14, 225, Napoleon I. See Bonaparte, Napoleon 258 n. 110–11 Napoleon III. See Bonaparte, Louis- Portugal 2, 132, 227 n. 3 Napolé on post-truth politics 225 Napoleonic Idea 70–1, 84, 99, 110, 128 power 76–8, 122, 225 Napoleonism. See Bonapartism proletariat, the 56, 67, 77–80, 101–2, 116, nation 13–14 134, 194–5, 205, 220 (see also National Socialism 3, 190, 196–7, 199–201, masses, the and working classes) 223 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 71, 87–8, 100, nationalism 67, 119, 166, 184, 191–2 115 Neufch â teau, Nicolas Fran ç ois de 31 La Ré volution sociale d émontr ée par le Netherlands 48, 227 n. 3 (see also Holland) coup d’état du 2 dé cembre 87, 100 Neumann, Franz 205–6 Prussia 36, 53, 113–15, 124–47 (see also Notes on the Th eory of Dictatorship Germany) 205 Przeworski, Adam Nicholas I 111 Democracy and Development 215

oligarchy 142, 192 Quidde, Ludwig Caligula. Eine Studie ü ber rö mischen Pericles 96 C ä sarenwahnsinn 175 Persigny, Jean Gilbert Fialin, Duc de 80, 103, 240 n. 76 Radowitz, Joseph Maria von 93–4 Discours sur les principes politiques de Ranke, Leopold von 237 n. 60 l’Empire 103 Realpolitik 122, 133, 142, 145 Perthes, Friedrich Christoph 53–4, 57 referendum 25-6, 182, 210-12, 240 n. 87 P é tain, Philippe 209, 257 n. 97 Regnaud de St. Jean d’Angé ly, Michel Peter the Hermit 167 29 Philippe d’Orleans, Comte de Paris 161 religion 56–7, 74–6, 98, 157, 165 Planck, Karl Christian republicanism 18, 20, 43, 75, 92, 120–1, Deutschland und der Napoleonismus 159, 191 94 revolution 5–6, 17 ( see also French plebiscite 25–6, 44, 141, 179–80, 210–12, Revolution) 217, 240 n. 87 American Revolution 9, 13–14, 25 Bonaparte, Louis-Napol é on 82, 84, 89, Bismarck, Otto von 132–3 106, 109–10, 115, 117, 159, 220, 231 Donoso Corté s, Juan 74–5 n. 77, 240 n. 87–8 Great Revolutions, the 17, 43, 50, 136, Bonaparte, Napoleon 25–6, 28, 31, 44, 206 217, 231 n. 77 Revolution of 1830 54, 62 Index 289

Revolution of 1848 56, 62, 67–74, 90–1, Segesser, Philipp Anton von 98–9, 115, 220 127, 136, 219 Studien und Glossen zur Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich 128–9 Tagesgeschichte 98 Die bü rgerliche Gesellschaft 128 Seume, Johann Gottfried 38 Rist, Johann Georg 53–4 Siey è s, Emmanuel Joseph 13–14, 23–4, 50 Robespierre, Maximilien 15, 21–2, 26, 44 Qu’est-ce que le Tiers- É tat? 13 Rochau, August Ludwig von 122 social reform 67–72, 100, 104–5, 174 Rohmer, Friedrich 121 socialism 67–9, 71–2, 75–6, 88, 99–100, Die Monarchie und der vierte Stand 121 116, 145–6, 166, 184, 192, 251 n. 101 Roman Empire 58, 68, 77 (see also Caesar, Southey, Robert 233 n. 128 Julius) sovereignty 13–17, 195 ( see also popular Romieu, Fran ç ois-Auguste 76–80, 88, 91, sovereignty) 112, 115, 186, 220, 239 n. 47, 240 n. Spain 48, 73, 75, 112, 132, 218 75, 242 n. 127 Spengler, Oswald 189–90, 197, 207 L’ère des C é sars 76, 78, 91 Jahre der Entscheidung 197 Le Spectre rouge de 1852 78, 91 Der Untergang des Abendlandes 189 Roscher, Wilhelm 172–3, 186, 251–2 n. 113 Sta ë l, Madame de (Anne Louise Germaine Umrisse zur Naturlehre des de Sta ë l-Holstein) 46, 52–3 C ä sarismus 172 Consid é ration s 53 Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich 121 Stahl, Friedrich Julius 126, 131, 140–1 Rotteck, Carl von Das Monarchische Princip 126, 140 Staats-Lexikon oder Encyklop ä die der Die Revolution und die constitutionelle Staatswissenschaft en 57 Monarchie 140–1 Russia 2, 111–13, 131 Stein, Lorenz von 71–3, 121, 173–4 Geschichte der socialen Bewegung in Savonarola 167 Frankreich von 1789 bis auf unsere Sch ä ﬄ e, Albert 172–3 Tage 71 Bau und Leben des Socialen Kö rpers 172 Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle) 52–3, 64 Schlabrendorf, Gustav von 233 n. 136 Mé moires sur Napolé on 52–3 Schmitt, Carl 3–4, 20–1, 92, 192–7, 223, Vie de Napol é on 52–3 255 n. 36 Sweden 132 dictatorship theory 20, 194–7 Switzerland 132 Die Diktatur 194, 195 Die Diktatur des Reichspr ä sidenten Talleyrand-P é rigord, Charles-Maurice de 195 23, 33–4, 49 Der Fü hrer schü tzt das Recht 197 Th ermidorians, the 15–16 Die geistesgeschichtliche Lage des Tocqueville, Alexis de 59–62, 65, 68, 88–90, heutigen Parlamentarismus 3, 192 99, 112, 173, 208, 219, 237 n. 68 Der Hü ter der Verfassung 195 De la d é mocratie en Am é rique 59, 61, Legalitä t und Legitimitä t 195 65, 88 National Socialism 196–7 Souvenirs 68 Politische Th eologie 195 totalitarianism 1, 7, 189–206, 223, Staat, Bewegung, Volk. Die Dreigliederung 257 n. 66 der politischen Einheit 196 Conservative Revolution 191–3, 196 Schmoller, Gustav von 172 Fascism 190, 197–201, 203–4, 223 Schoelcher, Victor 87, 89 National Socialism 3, 190, 196–7, Histoire des crimes du 2 d é cembre 87 199–201, 223 Schulz-Bodner, Wilhelm 57–8 Neumann, Franz 205–6 scientiﬁ cation 10, 166–70, 172–3, 222–3 Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques 19 290 Index

Turkey 2 Weimar Constitution 182 Twesten, Karl 142 Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 181, 253 n. 162 Ukraine 2 Weil, Bruno 200 United Kingdom. See Britain Gl ü ck und Elend des Generals United States of America 151, 154–5, 179, Boulanger 200 208–9 Welcker, Carl Th eodor Georg American Declaration of Philipp Independence 15 Staats-Lexikon oder Encyklopä die der American Revolution 9, 13–14 Staatswissenschaft en 57 United States Constitution 13, 25 Wieland, Christoph Martin 22–3 universal suﬀ rage 68, 81–2, 87–8, 105–7, Weimar Constitution 182, 195–6 142–5, 159–61, 169–70, 178–9, 213, Weimar Republic 177, 190–2, 222, 247 n. 91 195–7 usurpation 39–42, 46, 49, 110 Wilhelm I 140 Wilhelm II 145, 174–7, 184, 222–3, Villedieu, Eug è ne 252 n. 132, 253 n. 147 Le C é sarisme jacobin, les droits de Wilhelminism 176, 222–3 l‘Eglise et le droit national 159 Woltmann, Karl Ludwig von 38 working classes 70–2, 100, 102, 105, 145–6, Weber, Max 6, 173, 177–82, 184–7, 197–9, 252 n. 119 223 ( see also masses, the and Parlament und Regierung im proletariat, the) neugeordneten Deutschland 179 Wurttemberg 48, 53 political sociology 177–82, 223 Wahlrecht und Demokratie in Young Germany ( Junges Deutschland ) 54, Deutschland 180 65, 124, 219 291 292 293 294 295 296