French Names Noeline Bridge
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 13:00 Page 8 The hundred surnames Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Zang Tsang Zang Lin Zhu Chu Gee Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Xi Zeng Tseng Tsang, Zeng Cai, Zeng Gong Zhu Chu Zhu Danian Dong, Zhu Chu Zhu Zhishan, Zhu Weihao Jeng Zhu Chu Zhu jin, Zhu Sheng Zha Cha Zha Yihuang, Zhuang Chuang Zhuang Zhou, Zhuang Zi Zha Shenxing Zhuansun Chuansun Zhuansun Shi Zhai Chai Zhai Jin, Zhai Shan Zhuge Chuko Zhuge Liang, Zhan Chan Zhan Ruoshui Zhuge Kongming Zhan Chan Chaim Zhan Xiyuan Zhuo Cho Zhuo Mao Zhang Chang Zhang Yuxi Zi Tzu Zi Rudao Zhang Chang Cheung, Zhang Heng, Ziche Tzuch’e Ziche Zhongxing Chiang Zhang Chunqiao Zong Tsung Tsung, Zong Xihua, Zhang Chang Zhang Shengyi, Dung Zong Yuanding Zhang Xuecheng Zongzheng Tsungcheng Zongzheng Zhensun Zhangsun Changsun Zhangsun Wuji Zou Tsou Zou Yang, Zou Liang, Zhao Chao Chew, Zhao Kuangyin, Zou Yan Chieu, Zhao Mingcheng Zu Tsu Zu Chongzhi Chiu Zuo Tso Zuo Si Zhen Chen Zhen Hui, Zhen Yong Zuoqiu Tsoch’iu Zuoqiu Ming Zheng Cheng Cheng, Zheng Qiao, Zheng He, Chung Zheng Banqiao The hundred surnames is one of the most popular reference Zhi Chih Zhi Dake, Zhi Shucai sources for the Han surnames. It was originally compiled by an Zhong Chung Zhong Heqing unknown author in the 10th century and later recompiled many Zhong Chung Zhong Shensi times. The current widely used version includes 503 surnames. Zhong Chung Zhong Sicheng, Zhong Xing The Pinyin index of the 503 Chinese surnames provides an access Zhongli Chungli Zhongli Zi to this great work for Western people. Surnames with same Pinyin Zhongsun Chungsun Zhongsun Heji are filed according to their number of strokes. For transliteration Zhou Chou Chow Zhou Yu, Zhou Enlai, purpose, the four tone marks are ignored in Pinyin. (This version Zhou Mi of The hundred surnames was compiled by Liqun Dai.) French names Noeline Bridge In the examples below, fuller forms of names than are an article and preposition, enter the name under the prefix. needed in indexing are usually used, especially in the The definite article in French consists of le, la, l’, and les. The sections dealing with nobility, royalty and religious persons. contractions, known as the partitive article (or partitive or Indexers should be guided by authors’ usage and the genre particle) in English and particule in French, are du and des. of book in deciding what needs to be included: academic, biographical and history books, for example, often call for a La Fresnaye, Roger de fuller usage, others a shorter form. Le Pen, Jean-Marie The glosses are intended to be explanatory for the L’Aubinière, Georgina de purposes of this article, not for addition to index entries Du Bellay, Joachim (although some could be used that way): they include English Des Ursins, Anne Marie de la Trémoille terms and names for French ones, along with other notes. Note that many French names with prefixes have evolved as one word: Surnames with prefixes Dubuffet, Jean The treatment of surnames beginning with prefixes depends Laplace, Pierre-Simon de on the nature of the prefix, and is largely governed by a few simple conventions. Some names with prefixes occur as both one and two words, a) When the prefix comprises an article or contraction of as in: C8 Centrepiece to The Indexer Vol. 25 No. 2 October 2006 names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 13:00 Page 9 Bridge, French names Du Bois and Dubois (vicomtesse), baron (baronne), chevalier, châtelain (châte- De l’Orme and Delorme laine), and seigneur, usually abbreviated to sieur. These titles, Le Brun and Lebrun usually followed by de, are placed at the end of the entry and must match the first element of the name. Note that French Word-by-word sorting can separate these variants from each titles are lower-cased. other, especially in a large index, and see also references should be provided. Condé, Charlotte-Marguerite de Montmorency, princesse de Orléans et Bragance, Louis, prince d’ b) Where the prefix is de or d’, enter the name under the Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de part following the prefix. Berry, Jean de France, duc de Paris, Henri d’Orléans, comte de Beauvoir, Simone de Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de Villepain, Dominique de Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, marquise de Aubigné, Theodore Agrippa d’ Turenne, Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de Montaigne, Michel de Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de La Vérendrye, Pierre Gaulthier de Varennes, sieur de In this article, I have capitalized all beginning prefixes for Royalty the sake of consistency. Practices do vary, however: indexers will encounter the use of both upper and lower case in texts Names of royalty are entered under the given name, not the and their bibliographies, and the indexing manuals often dynastic or family name. reflect this variance in the examples they give (see Booth, 2001; Mulvany, 2005). Publishers’ style guides may mandate Louis XIV, roi (King) the use of one or the other. Marie-Antoinette, reine (Queen) Joséphine, impératrice des français (Empress of the French) Louis-Philippe I, roi des français (King of the French) Compound surnames Eugénie, impératrice des français (Empress of the French) Where compound surnames consist of two elements linked Napoléon I, empereur des français (Emperor of the French) by a hyphen, index under the first element. Noble and royal names are prime candidates for indexers’ Joliot-Curie, Irène choices regarding longer or shorter forms. The following Bussy-Rabutin, Roger de examples are commonly seen and are quite adequate for Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme many indexing purposes: Douste-Blazy, Philippe Taeuber-Arp, Sophie Joséphine, impératrice (or Empress) Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin Louis XIV Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène-Emmanuel Montesquieu, baron de (or Charles de) When the names are not hyphenated, it can be difficult to Pompadour, marquise de (or Madame de) see where the surname(s) begin, whether the last names are Sade, marquis de simple or compound, as in Sévigné, marquise de (or Madame de) Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre As with beginning prefixes, capitalization of titles varies. Alembert, Jean le Rond d’ The French customarily use lower case; English texts vary Martin du Gard, Roger in their usage. Joly de Chouin, Marie Sylvain dit Larose, Pierre Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry Medieval names Vigée le Brun, Louise-Élisabeth Compared with other Europeans, the French use of surnames The best way to verify these is to consult reference books or began quite early in medieval times. Prior to the adoption of a library catalogues, and use an Internet search to see which surname (family name), an individual was known only by a element or elements are considered to be the surname. See given name which was then followed by a phrase, or byword, references from unused forms are almost mandatory for this which identified the person and distinguished him/her from category. others with the same given name. These names are indexed in direct order, given name followed by byword (if any). Dates and/or further explanations may be added for clarity. Special categories of persons Guillaume le Clerc Nobility Christine de Pisan The names for ranks of nobility are prince (princesse), duc Josquin des Pres (duchesse), marquis (marquise), comte (comtesse), vicomte Chrétien de Troyes Centrepiece to The Indexer Vol. 25 No. 2 October 2006 C9 names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 13:00 Page 10 Bridge: French names Blayve le charpentier Jean de Brébeuf Marguerite la lavendière Marguerite Bourgeoys Héloïse, 1101–1164 Jean-Marie Vianney Gislebertus (medieval sculptor) Diane de Poitiers where other library catalogues have entered them under surnames. Because many of these bywords went on to form surnames, overlapping can occur. Indexing decisions usually involve a French names outside France balance between author’s usage, reference sources, and indexer’s own judgement and sense of appropriateness in a Names beginning with the article or partitive are also particular situation. indexed under these: Two commonly encountered early names with surnames are: Du Boisgobey, Fortuné Abélard, Pierre (Abelard, Peter) Du Maurier, Daphne Pucelle, Jean L’Heureux-Dubé, Claire Over time, names outside France have often blended Writers, artists, etc., with one name prefixes and following surnames into one, thus obviating the Voltaire (real name François-Marie-Arouet de Voltaire) need to make decisions based on conventions. Moebius (real name Jean Giraud) Colette (birth name Gabrielle Sidonie Colette) Debellefeuille, Claude Willy (real name Henry Gauthier-Villars) DuBois, William Pène Molière (real name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin) Le Corbusier (real name Charles-Edouard Jeanneret) Where the prefix remains separate, the usual practice is to Crébillon (dramatist, if needed) index the name under the prefix. Benguigui (real name Patrick Bruel) De Forêt, Nancy Cumming See references often won’t be necessary unless the person is De la Mare, Walter not well known under the one-word name or the real name De Mille, Agnes is given prominence in the text. However, Canadian practice applies a subtle distinction in judging the use of de and d’. If these are predominantly capi- Religious persons talized in works by or about the person, they form the The names of the religious are usually entered under their