Year 7 History – Half Term 3(January – February)

Year 7 History – Half term 3(January – February) Week 1: Lesson 1 – The Harrying of the North – how did this help William keep control? Week 1: Lesson 2 – What were early castles like? Week 2: Lesson 3 –What was the Domesday Book and how did it help William keep control? Week 2: Lesson 4 – The Feudal System – who’s the boss? Week 3: Lesson 5 – How did castles develop over time? (1/2) Red Lessons: All about Week 3: Lesson 6 – How did castles develop over time? (2/2) how William kept control of England Week 4: Lesson 7 – What was life like in a Medieval village? following his victory Week 4: Lesson 8 – What were the villagers homes like? and conquest. Week 5: Lesson 9 – Why did towns grow in the Medieval period? Week 5: Lesson 10 – How dangerous and dirty were Medieval towns? Blue Lessons: All about Week 6: Lesson 11 – What did medieval people believe about illness and disease? what life was like in Medieval England once Week 6: Lesson 12 – Was the Black Death a disaster for Medieval society? the Norman’s had established control. Lesson 1 Week 1 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: The Harrying of the North and how did it help William keep control?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules) 2. Write down some adjectives to describe how you’d feel if Britain was invaded and the following happened: • A foreign army invades the South East then occupies the rest of the country • The head of state is killed and replaced by a foreigner • Anyone who has an important job loses it and is replaced by a foreign invader • The new ruler punishes anyone who disagrees with the new laws he passes, this could mean mutilation or even death! • Existing buildings are torn down and replaced by those built in a new foreign style • Everyone has to speak a new language, some even have to change their names Over the next series of lessons you will study how William systematically dealt with all the problems he faced as a foreign invader and eventual King of England. Think: What problems did William have? I am worried that as I Many English Lords do not am a new King, England accept me as the King. I can will be invaded by not trust them to keep Scandinavians. Also my control of their parts of the enemies in the north country. How can I keep my might aid any attacker country under control?

I need to collect taxes from my people. Although I have killed However, I do not know Harold, he still has how much money or strong support from possessions they have soldiers in the capital London.

There is a castle in Dover full of English soldiers. Should everything go wrong and I need to escape back to France they may cut off my route 1.Look at the source and describe what you can see.

2. What can we infer (work out) from this source about William’s reign in 11th century in England? INFO SLIDE Source D: A section of the Bayeux Tapestry that shows the Normans burning an English house.

INFO SLIDE INFO SLIDE INFO SLIDE INFO SLIDE The way King William crushed the people in the North of England is known as the “Harrying of the North”. Complete the tasks about this event below.

1. What caused the people of the North to rebel? 2. What did the English rebels actually do? 3. What did William do? 4. What is meant by the word “famine”? 5. How did William use famine as a weapon? 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of William’s actions? 7. What is a castle? 8. Why did William instruct his friends who were helping him run the country to build castles? Extension Task: The Big Write!

For this task you can choose to imagine that you are either an English Earl or William the conquerer himself! (Or you could even be both!)

If you have decided to be an English Earl, write a letter to William complaining about the way William has been treating the English during the Harrying of the North.

If you have decided to be William, write a letter to the English Earls explaining why you have decided to be so brutal. Lesson 2 Week 1 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: What were early castles like?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules) 2. Think back to 1069-70 and the Harrying of the North. Why did William order castles to be built all over England? Decision making – which would you choose to keep your men safe and why?

Mud Hut

Tree House

Castle

Stone Temple What features would you expect a castle to have?

Think: silently on your own Pair: discuss your ideas with someone at home if possible. Share: write your answers down in your exercise book. So, why did William build castles?

As William was French, had defeated the English King and now controlled England, he was expecting people to rebel. One of the strongest ways William could control the kingdom was to have castles built all over the land. At first he kept it simple by building motte and bailey castles. All they consisted of was an earth mound topped with a wooden keep. The Bailey was an enclosed area on a lower mount next to the motte. The kings men lived here, surrounded by a wooden fence, or palisade to keep them safe. INFO SLIDE INFO SLIDE Copy and complete the diagram of a motte and bailey castle by adding in the labels.

entrance palisade the bailey the keep drawbridge deep ditch stairs the motte huts palisade stairs the keep

the huts motte

the drawbridge bailey

deep ditch

entrance

Explain how 3 features of the motte and bailey castles would make them difficult to attack. Copy and complete the paragraph below into your books. Although ______was now ______of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated ______. So he brought over his ______and powerful friends from ______in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of ______and asked them to ______them on his behalf. These ______, as they were called, built large fortresses known as ______and ______castles to live in while they ruled their land. Copy and complete the paragraph below into your books (using the word bank below.) Although ______was now ______of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated ______. So he brought over his ______and powerful friends from ______in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of ______and asked them to ______them on his behalf. These ______, as they were called, built large fortresses known as ______and ______castles to live in while they ruled their land.

Barons motte Normandy King William rich English land bailey control Check your answers

Although __William_____ was now ___King____ of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated ______English______. So he brought over his ___rich__ and powerful friends from ____Normandy______in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of __land___ and asked them to ____control___ them on his behalf. These ___Barons___, as they were called, built large fortresses known as __motte___ and _____bailey___ castles to live in while they ruled their land. Where would you build your castle and why?

D OPEN COUNTRY

MARSH C A

HILL TOP B Write a short paragraph EXPLAINING where you WOODED AREA would build your castle. Lesson 3 Week 2 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: The Feudal System – Who’s the boss?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules) 2. Think: What problems is William going to have once he has conquered England? Make a list of as many as you can think of. (Remember – he doesn’t speak the language, he doesn’t know how big England is, he isn’t very popular in England and he has just killed an Anglo Saxon King. ) • How many of these problems did you manage to get? William’s problems: • How will William deal with these problems? 1. The people of England are angry – William is a foreigner with understanding of how the people of England live. He needs to get them in order quickly and let everyone know who’s the boss. 2. The Vikings are still a potential threat – they are mad about Hardrada’s death and might come back for revenge. 3. The English Saxons in the North of England are still angry about the death of Harold Godwinson. They could potentially threated William’s power with a rebellion. 4. Controlling London – William had defeated Harold at Hastings, but he hadn’t yet managed to reach London. Some of Harold’s army had stayed in London to guard it during the Battle of Hastings. 5. English Forts are strong in Dover and other southern English towns. These are full of angry English soldiers. William must defeat these before he marches to London. 6. William’s army are tired after the journey from Normandy and the Battle of Hastings. Lots of them also want rewards of land that they were promised if the William became King. Harrying of the North

The Feudal System How many of the methods How did William can you name? keep control of England? Castles

The Domesday Book The Feudal System was all about “Who’s the boss?”. It was a way of organising people so that everyone knew who was in charge. Take a look at the diagram below and see if you can work out the correct order. Can you put these in the right order?

Can you put these in the right order?

Challenge: What does each group receive? What does each group give in return? Check your work!

Can you put these in the right order?

Can you put these in the right order? Subtitle: How did the feudal system Make a copy of this diagram help William rule England? into your exercise books.

King Provides money Grants land to and knights

Provide protection Baron and military Grants land to service s

Knight Provide food & services when Grants land to demanded What do you think the advantages/disadvantages of the Feudal system were? Peasant Do you think they are the same for each person/group? Advantages Disadvantages

Loyalty, supply of knights, None income through taxes

Has to pay rent, fight and Lots of land, power & wealth promise loyalty

Has to pay rent, fight and Land promise loyalty

Protection but little else Has to pay rent, pay taxes, work, can’t leave village Who mattered in the Middle Ages? Rate these people’s importance out of 10

• King William • Sir Henry Gresham, a Norman knight • The Earl of Northumbria • Will Scarlet, a farmer from Cornwall • The Duke of Suffolk • Matthew Forbes, a fisherman from Portsmouth • Queen Matilda Who mattered in the Middle Ages?

10 Draw a status graph to show the importance of the following people: How important people were (/10) people important How were 9 cale: 8 S We need 10 lines. Fit 7 equal 7 size columns on your page.

5 Axes: Draw with a ruler. 4 3 Labels: 2 Copy labels in their correct 1 positions. 0 Title:

Remember to include a title and

Duke of Duke Suffolk

knight underline it.

Thomas

Gresham, Fforbes,

Sir Henry

Fisherman

farmer

The Earl of

King William

Northumbria

Will Scarlett, Queen MatildaQueen Use the Success Criteria on the Challenge Question: following slide to check your Who would you have most like to have been in work. the Middle Ages? Explain your choice. Success Criteria for Self Assessment • Equal spaces on axes. • A ruler has been used to draw the axes. • Straight lines are used throughout the graph. • No numbers are skipped. • Both axes have labels. • There is space between each bar. • The graph has a title. • The title is underlined. Plenary TITLE: How did the feudal system help William rule England?

We now need to explain how the Feudal System helped William to gain control of England.

Copy and complete the sentence below in no more than 25 words:

I think the Feudal system helped William to gain to control of England because…. Lesson 4 Week 2 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: What was the Domesday Book and how did it help William keep control?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules) 2. What were William’s main problems when he conquered England? 3. How did he solve the problem of keeping people in line and aware of who’s boss? Starter

It is now 1086. I have been on the throne for 20 years. In that time much land has changed owners. I no longer know who owns what or what taxes people should be paying.

To advise William: 1. What is William’s problem? 2. Why does he need to solve this problem? THINK of your own 3. What advice would you give him as to how to solve this answers to these problem? questions 4. Why do you think this is his best solution to the problem? How did William keep control of England? The Domesday Book

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om_BIzXaVwU

Watch the video clip from BBC Class clips by clicking the link above. How did making the Domesday INFO SLIDE Book help William to keep control?

William the Conqueror needed to defend himself against rebellions. He needed to defend his country against foreign attacks. For this he needed an army, who needed to be paid a lot of money. William also built many castles and his churches, which cost a lot of money. To raise this money, William would have to tax the people of England. But how much? What is the Domesday book? INFO SLIDE William sent researchers out to every town, village and manor of England to find out how much everything was worth. In each place they would ask lots of people, including the priest and two older men questions about the place they lived in. All the information they gave was collected in one book, which took two years to write. How did the Domesday book help INFO SLIDE William keep control of England?

William listed all the valuable property in England, and who owned it. • He could take land from people he didn’t think should have it. • He could tax everybody the right amount to pay for his armies and building. • He could take all the land owned by King Edward for himself. Think: Why do you think William wanted to know the amount of: LAND ANIMALS

PEOPLE GOODS

MACHINES BUILDINGS Think: Why do you think William wanted to know the amount of: LAND ANIMALS Can be sold, can grow food on Can be sold, Can do work

PEOPLE GOODS Can work, make money and pay taxes. Can be sold.

MACHINES BUILDINGS Can do work. Can be sold. It is now 1086. I have been on the throne for 20 years. In that time much land has changed owners. I no longer know who owns what or what taxes people should be paying.

Based on everything you have learned, write either a letter or a speech to William advising him how to solve his problem. You might start like this:

Dear William, I think the solution to your problem is to carry out a survey of England. [go on to say how he should do this and what the advantages are]. Lesson 5 and 6 Week 3 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: How did Castles develop over time?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules) Retrieval

2. When did William start building castles and why? 3. What were the first type of Medieval castles called? Cat can you remember?. palisade stairs the keep

the huts motte

the drawbridge bailey

deep ditch

entrance William first started building castles in 1067, almost as soon as he became King. He built castles in order to control England, using his Barons to control areas of land in the country. Castles were a reminder to all in the village of exactly who was in charge!

The early type of castles were called “Motte and Bailey” castles. Use your knowledge from lesson 2 to make a quick list of advantages and disadvantages of these early castles. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Quick to build Wood can easily be Cheap to build burned, smashed up Easy to recognise up or rot! high and show people in the village who was in charge A mini guide to Medieval castles

https://youtu.be/RXXDT hkJ3Ew

Watch the video clip by clicking the link above. Task 1: Research Different types of Castles

• Motte and Bailey Castles were never built to last forever. Their disadvantages meant that they would need replacing fairly quickly. But what makes a good castle? • Over the next few slides you are going to research about 4 new types of castles. • Read about each one and think about the strengths of each castle and what is good about the design. • You may wish to consider the following: Materials (what is it made of?) Position Lines of defence Comfort? view The Stone Keep Castle The Stone Keep Castle

• This castle was made of stone rather than wood. • The walls of a square keep castle were often up to 5 metres thick. • To make the main entrance safe, it was usually on the first floor, reached by a ramp or staircase and protected by a forebuilding. (see picture) • Only slit windows were used on the keep. Arrows could be fired out of these windows, but as they were narrow, nobody could climb in. • Stone Keeps would have living space inside, a Great Hall for feasts, bedrooms and storerooms. • It was surrounded by a thick stone curtain wall, replacing the palisade. Shell Keep Castle Shell Keep Castle

• This castle is made of stone. • The walls are about 5 metres thick. • Inside the keep • It has a keep and a curtain wall. • The main entrance to the keep is protected by a narrow bridge, gatehouse and portcullis. • This castle has round towers. These were better than square towers which were easy to mine under (see picture) The Concentric Castle The Concentric Castle

• Concentric castles had walls within walls so attackers who got through the outer defences then faced even stronger walls and towers. • The walls are made of stone. • They are about 5 metres thick. • The main entrance would be guarded by a gatehouse (see top diagram) with portcullises. • It also allows the defenders to fire arrows from two levels at their attackers. (see middle diagram.) • The central area would have been full of buildings, supplies, people and animals. • This castle has round towers. These were stronger than square towers which were easy to mine (see bottom diagram) Later castles - Palace Later castles - Palace

• This castle is made of brick. This is weaker than stone, but it keeps the building warmer. As England was now peaceful the think cold walls were no longer necessary. There are wide staircases and wooden floors inside. • There are large windows with glass in them. • There is an entrance on the ground floor in more than one part of the castle. • There are gardens at the back of the castle for entertaining guests. • Large banqueting halls are inside. • There would be large kitchens with lots of servants Collecting your research findings – fill in the table below in your books Type of Castle Good Points Problems you can see with this type of castle

The Stone Keep Castle

The Shell Keep Castle

The Concentric Castle

The Palace So, Can you work out the correct order for the castles?

The Motte and Bailey Later Castles -Palace

The Concentric Castle The Stone Keep The Shell Keep Answers

2. The Stone Keep 11th Century (1070) 3. The Shell Keep 12th Century 1. The Motte and Bailey 11th Century (1066)

4. The Concentric Castle 5. Later Castles –Palace 13th Century 15th Century Exam Ready: In what ways did the design of castles change? [8 marks]

RECALL – all you can about the ways castle design changed. DO NOT write about similarities. This question is about change. You must Select the two changes you can write most about. refer to what the castles had been like before and after the change. THINK – • What type of change occurred? • How quickly did it occur? • How far did the change improve castle design? • Did all castles change the same way? • Were the changes temporary or permanent? WRITE – • one PEE paragraph for each change identify briefly what the situation was before and what changed.

Don’t forget you SPED Exam Ready: In what ways did the design of castles change? [8 marks]

The first way in which the design of castles changed was the materials they This question is about change. You must used. refer to what the castles had been like before and after the change. Early Norman castles were made out of… but as castles developed they began to be built out of….

This change happened because… Exam Ready: In what ways did the design of castles change? [8 marks]

The second way in which the design of castles changed was to do with their This question is about change. You must shape. refer to what the castles had been like before and after the change. Early Norman castles were shaped like… but as castles developed they began to be shaped like…

This change happened because… Extension Task: Design your own Castle based on the four types we have looked at.

You must label you’re the parts of your castle and describe which castles you have used in your design and why.

It must be: Secure and protect the King and nobles. Lesson 7 and 8 Week 4 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: What was life like in a Medieval village?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules) Retrieval – Check 10 1. Who was defeated at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066? 2. Who was crowned King of England on Christmas day in 1066? 3. What was the name of the event that took place in 1069-70 and involved William crushing the people of the North of England? 4. How did William find out how much land/money the people of England had? 5. Who did the Villeins work for under the Feudal system? 6. Who did the King lend/give land to under the Feudal system? 7. What were early types of castles called? 8. Give one advantage of the early type of castle. 9. Give one disadvantage of the early type of castle. 10. Name 3 other types of Medieval castles? Check 10 answers

1. Harold Godwinson 2. William, Duke of Normandy 3. The Harrying of the North 4. The Domesday Book 5. The Knights 6. The Barons 7. Motte and Bailey Castles 8. They were quick/cheap to build 9. They were easy to destroy (burn/smash/rot) 10. Square Keep, Shell Keep, Concentric and Palace The next series of lessons will all be about life in the Medieval Period. (The Middle Ages) We https://youtu.be/8P7cRTYNCdI will be looking at what life was like for ordinary Watch the clip by clicking the link above. people, including where As you are watching write down 5 facts about life in the Middle they lived, what jobs Ages for ordinary people. they did and what their beliefs were. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Challenge yourself: What do you think would be the worst thing about being a peasant in the Middle Ages and why? What does a Medieval Village look like? From memory/your own ideas, draw a quick sketch in your book of what you think a medieval village will look like? Remember High 5 rules – pencil for drawing and pens for labels. Study the image of a medieval village carefully.

Write a list of all the things you can see in the picture. Did you find:

•Church •Mill •Peasants hut •Manor House •Crop Field •River?

What is the purpose of each of the above?

What do you think is the most important building in the village and why? Manor House Church Home of the Lord of the Manor. Centre for Peasants farm his religious worship land and pay and festivals regular tithes.

Crop Field Peasant’s Hut Peasants would be Where peasants expected to farm this lived and kept their for their Lord using animals. May have ploughs pulled by oxen. a small patch of land to grow crops. Mill Used to grind the wheat River farmed to make bread in Source of water for the the autumn village, powered the mill and provided fish at certain seasons. Copy and complete the paragraph into your books

The most important building in the village was the ______. The person who owns the village is called the ______. His house is much______than the other houses. The peasants grow their own ______in their garden. Many peasants also had ______of land in the fields and used the common land to graze ______. They share the ______with other members of the village. The peasants also had to work on the ______. Copy and complete the paragraph into your books (using the word bank below).

Word bank: Lord of the Manor, food, strips, church, plough, bigger, Lord of the Manor’s land, animals Check your answers

The most important building in the village was the __church_. The person who owns the village is called the ___Lord of the Manor_. His house is much_bigger_ than the other houses. The peasants grow their own __food__ in their garden. Many peasants also had __strips___ of land in the fields and used the common land to graze _animals__. They share the _plough_ with other members of the village. The peasants also had to work on the _Lord of the Manor’s land__. What did a Medieval Cruck House look like?

What clues can you see in this picture to explain why people might become ill? Ye Olde Customs of the Village

What were the rules of a 1. Each villein shall pay the same annual tax to the lord.

Medieval village? 2. Each villein shall give the lord 12 eggs at Easter, or their value. How restrictive do you think 3. A fine must be paid by a villein if his son leaves the village. 4. Each villein shall be liable to week work (on the lord’s land) living in a Medieval village on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. was? Why do you think this? 5. The lake, wood, and pastures are to be owned by the lord.

6. Each villein may take one cartload or wood for his own use, but no animals or fish from the village.

Challenge Yourself 7. No land can be exchanged or sold. Considering these rules, 8. No villein may leave the village. why do you think 9. Flour must be made in the village mill and a fine must be paid people lived in a village to the miller for the use of the mill.

like this? 10. The cottars have no grazing rights, and no right to wood or animals. (Cottars = previously free but became a tenant of a small holding in return for services to the lord.) An interview with…

If you could travel back in time and meet someone who lived in a Medieval village like the one you have just been looking at, what questions would you like to ask them? How would you describe where you live to them? What are the main differences? Are there any similarities?

Extension – write a script of the imaginary interview. Lesson 9 Week 5 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Why did towns grow during the Medieval period?

What is the difference between life in towns and villages today? Villages and Towns: Spot the Difference Compare the similarities and differences between villages and towns today for each of these categories: 1. Shops 2. Religion (Churches) 3. Houses 4. Social Structure (Who is in charge? Why?) 5. Women 6. Jobs 7. Pastimes (food and festivals) Challenge yourself Can you explain why some of these things may be different?

Over to you. Find it, remember it, get ready to use it. INFO SLIDE A typical Medieval town (about the year 1250) Push Factors: Pull Factors: Things Things making making them them leave want to go to villages towns

Why did people leave their villages?

Show you know by doing it. Why did people move from villages to towns?

Can you place the statements into the push and pull categories Push Pull • Become free from Factors the feudal system Factors: : Things • To learn a new Things making craft and new them career making want to • To enrol their them children in leave go to apprenticeships towns villages • Fairer law courts • Few entertainment opportunities in villages • Few trade opportunities Challenge yourself Can you think of any of your own? Why did people move from villages to towns?

In your exercise books, explain in twenty words or less why people decided to move from villages to towns. Challenge yourself What problems may this cause for villages? Or for towns? INFO SLIDE Medieval Villages

Government: Most Jobs: Most peasants villages were around were farmers who manor houses and the were busy year round land was given to with sowing seeds, peasants by the lords planting different crops to farm for him. In in different fields each return he received rent year and harvest. and taxes from them. Often they kept sheep as wool was very profitable.

Women: Most were controlled by men to begin their fathers then husbands. They were expected to cook clean and look after Trade: Most of the the kids. They may Pastimes: Most pastimes were linked to the church or Pagan activities (religion in England food was sent to towns help out at important before Christianity). On these days there would be wrestling on the village green, drinking to be sold at market. times e.g. harvest. of ale and competitions to see who could drink the most ale the fastest. INFO SLIDE Medieval Towns

Government: Many towns were started by royal charter (in return Women: They still had for a lot of money) to look after children meaning it was not and do the housework controlled by lords. but often had jobs as They were governed by bar maids and in trades themselves and had such as weaving. They their own law courts. could even join guilds.

Trade and Guilds: For people who all had Jobs: Unlike the similar jobs e.g. countryside there was carpentry. If you were a a variety of jobs and member you had people could get unrestricted rights to apprenticeships in trade in the town. This many jobs from was particularly Annual festivals: Every year the towns hosted festivals on holy days which often lasted barkers to weavers important for the cloth days and even attracted traders from foreign countries. People did archery, played bowling from the age of 14 trade. and drank mead as well as trading. Using the information on the previous two slides, answer the following questions in your exercise books:

1. How was life different for women in a Medieval town compared to a Medieval village? 2. How did jobs differ in a Medieval town compared to a Medieval village? 3. What new pastimes were available in a Medieval town, which weren’t available in a Medieval village? Lesson 10 Week 5 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: How dangerous and dirty were Medieval towns?

1. Write the date and title. (Remember High 5 rules)

These pictures were taken during the Birmingham Bin Strikes in 2017, where people’s rubbish was not collected for 3 months!

2. What problems do you think this would have caused for people living there?

Challenge yourself Most Medieval towns didn’t have bin men, how do you predict they stopped their streets looking like this? Are you ready to learn? Let’s get on with it then! ☺ Were Medieval towns dangerous and dirty?

How dangerous do you predict How dirty do you predict Medieval Medieval towns would have been? towns would have been? Why do you think this? Why do you think this?

Challenge Yourself! Where do you think these kinds of assumptions came from? What made Medieval towns so dangerous and dirty?

Examine this picture and make two lists in your exercise books:

• Things that were dangerous in a Medieval town

• Things that were dirty in a Medieval town

How many examples of dangerous or Challenge Yourself! dirty How accurate do you situations can think this picture is? you find? Why do you think this? Check your answers: What made Medieval towns so dangerous?

A cart has broken an 1 axle and fallen on a 6 woman – the driver flees fearing she is dead A man is threatened 2 5 by men who rode too close to a woman with a baby A man hits another 3 3 2 over an argument over a spilt bag of eels 7 A man steals apples 4 and the owner starts a ‘hue and cry’ Boys roll a barrel of 4 5 stones around the houses to annoy their 1 6 neighbours A wealthy woman 6 falls out of her sedan chair A boy falls through a 7 broken wall onto another How far did Medieval people try to keep clean? Some towns had a complex system built by Most towns had privies (a toilet located the Romans to supply water. These were in a small shed outside the house), with 1. Read through the facts about Medieval known as aqueducts and would help cesspits (holding tanks) underneath transfer water from one part of the town to where the sewage was collected. hygiene and decide whether it shows another. There were animals everywhere as they Due to towns growing rapidly, places they tried hard to keep clean or not. were used for transport. They created tons such as Exeter and London used new of a dung every week technology such as pipes made from lead and wood as more people needed 2. Summarise in a sentence your opinion water. Lead is now known as poisonous. There were open drains that ran down Cesspits would be dug out yearly by about the question: ‘How far did street centres to carry away water and gong farmers, however if they were not waste – these would often overflow. emptied regularly, the sewage easily Medieval people try to keep clean’? seeped into rivers and wells (polluting them in the process) Bath Houses were built in Medieval towns, There were no dustbins or rubbish where people could go and have a bath. collectors to remove waste so it just built Also some Medieval people used tweezers, up in the streets until the rain washed it Challenge Yourself! toothpicks and mouthwash. away. There were no sewers so household waste Water was rare so people did not wash Why do you think it was so challenging was chucked out into the street and left to their clothes or their bodies as much. rot. for Medieval people to keep clean? Streets outside the houses of wealthier The lack of good hygiene was mostly citizens were cleaned by their servants. because people had no knowledge of germs and how they linked to disease Go for Gold! and infection. Compare Medieval towns to Roman towns – how different are they? Why do you think this happened? Show you know by doing it. What were Medieval punishments like?

Watch the video clip. Briefly describe at least three different punishments

Challenge Yourself! Why do you think that the government chose to punish people this way? Were Medieval towns dangerous and dirty?

Go back to your predictions from earlier in the lesson: do you still agree with your prediction? Explain your answer using specific evidence (SPED)

Challenge Yourself! Why might someone argue against your view? How would you defend your opinion? Lesson 11 Week 6 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 Title: What did people believe about the causes and spread of disease?

1. Write the date and title

Try to answer the following questions:

2. What causes illness?

3. How can you try to prevent getting ill?

Challenge yourself Why would Medieval people not be able to work this out? What was the Black Death?

One of the most devastating plagues in History.

Killed 30-40% of the UK’s population, approximately 2 million people

Once infected there was no known cure.

What do you think caused it? What were the rumours and realities of the causes? While watching the video, answer the following questions.

1. What actually caused the Black Death?

2. What made the Black Death Spread?

3. Where did some people think the Black Death came from? https://www.bbc.com/bitesize /guides/z7r7hyc/video (until 1m20s) What did people believe caused disease? On the next slide you will find 4 numbered beliefs about the cause of disease. For each number 5. Witches cause, draw a picture in your book explaining the cause of disease using only 4 words maximum. A quite popular belief was that that Remember to include how popular it was! Witches caused disease by bringing bad luck or creating horrible potions An example is done opposite for the cause of witches.

Challenge Yourself! Why do you think your cure was as popular/ unpopular as it was? = Go for Gold! If people believe in these causes, how did the Black Death spread so quickly? 1. God 2. Bad smells (Miasma)

Religion was a huge part of the lives of Some Medieval people began to notice a people in the Middle Ages. A very popular link between disease and bad air (miasma) belief was that God sent a plague/ illness or bad smells because more people died in to punish people when they were being smelly, unclean towns than the sinful (disobeying his commands). countryside. People believed that the bad smells from the towns infected people and made them ill. This became a very popular belief over time.

3. The Four Humours 4. The Supernatural

The most popular belief was that people Some astronomers blamed the planets were ill because their Four Humours were being 'out of line' to explain why people out of balance. The body was made up of got ill. Some people believed that the four liquids called humours. People human body and the planets were made up believed a person became ill when the of earth, fire, air and water. For the humours were out of balance e.g. there body to operate well, all 4 elements had was too much of one or too little of to be balanced and the planets could another. cause this to become unbalanced.

What did people believe caused disease?

Supernatural God For each cause of disease on the previous slide summarise:

1. What the belief is?

Four Humours Miasma 2. How popular was it?

In a sentence in your exercise book describing each of the causes.

Challenge Yourself! Which cause was the most popular? Why do you think this happened? Show you know by doing it. What made the Black Death spread so far?

How do you think the disease spread from the East? How did the Black Death spread across England?

In your exercise book, answer the following Date Location questions in full sentences. 1338 Central Asia (Russia & 1. Where did the Black Death start? China) After 1338 India 2. Where did the Black Death enter England? Sometime between 1338 Italy and France & 1348 Just before 24th June 1348 Melcombe Regis (South 3. How do we know it entered from here? Coast) Challenge Yourself! Autumn 1348 Dorset, Somerset & Devon Why do you think it took such a long November 1348 London time to spread from London to Norwich? Go for Gold! January 1349 Norwich Why do you think it took less time for After January 1349 Lincoln then Hull the plague to spread from Devon to London? Fix my sentence

Using your knowledge from the lesson, can you fix and extend this sentence.

“Medieval people thought the Black Death was spread only by rats.”

Challenge Yourself! How might the Medieval people prevent the Black Death from spreading considering how they think it was caused. Lesson 12 Week 6 Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 https://youtu.be/m5q-PIN3KSE Was the Black Death a disaster for medieval society?

In and On:

What is happening in this picture?

Does it suggest the Plague was a disaster or not?

Challenge Yourself! What is the man in the circle doing? Why is he doing this? Are you ready to learn? Let’s get on with it then! ☺ How did the Black Death affect the population?

This graph shows how many people lived in Europe between the year 1000 and 1700.

What do you notice after the 1340s to 1400?

Answer these questions in your exercise book in full sentences 90 1) How many people were there in 1340? 80 2) How many had died by 1400?

3) When did the population number recover to its 1340 figure? Challenge Yourself! What do you think happened in the mid-1600s? Why?

Over to you. Find it, remember it, get ready to use it. How did the Black Death affect the population?

Check your answers

What do you notice after the 1340s to 1400?

Answer these questions in your exercise book in full sentences

90 1) In 1340, there were approximately 86 million people in the world. 80 2) By 1400, about 26 million people had died.

3) The population number recovered to its 1340 figure by around 1555.

Challenge Yourself! The Great Plagued of 1666.

Over to you. Find it, remember it, get ready to use it. What are the similarities between these pictures?

Challenge Yourself! Why do you think these pictures were made? Over to you. Find it, remember it, get ready to use it. They all have Death as a theme.

They all have skeletons, with instruments (or dancing) enticing people to their graves.

These pictures show how the fear of death became a major theme in medieval art after the Black Death. People became quite paranoid and morbid. How did the Black Death affect the population? This village was abandoned during the disease, and never How do you think this recovered. picture links to the Black Can you see the signs of where Death? old walls, buildings and a pond used to be?

Challenge Yourself! Can you link it to one of the previous tasks? The images you have seen suggest that the Black Death was a disaster for medieval society. But is it that simple?

AWhat small do plague you thinkpit recently this is a picturefound of?in London.

People couldn’t keep up with Challengethe huge numbersyourself! dying, soWhy they do had you to bethink buried this in happened?pits. Read the following facts. Work out if they show the disease S had a positive or a negative impact. . Also consider if they are examples of…. Social - people Political – who’s in charge Economic - money Artistic Religious

Challenge Yourself! A Which of these did the Black Death impact the Greatest? Why? Show you know by doing it. Was the Black Death a disaster for medieval society?

Agree: it was a disaster in some ways. Answer your Choose at least 3 of the most important negative effects of the Black title question Death. in full Which sections of society suffered the most? sentences and paragraphs! Disagree: it was a good thing in other ways! Choose at least 3 of the most important Use the ADC positive effects of the Black Death. writing frame. Which section of society benefitted the most?

Conclusion: What’s your personal opinion? Was the Black Death a disaster for medieval society?