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Los Restos Directos De Dinosaurios Terópodos (Excluyendo Aves) En España
Canudo, J. I. y Ruiz-Omeñaca, J. I. 2003. Ciencias de la Tierra. Dinosaurios y otros reptiles mesozoicos de España, 26, 347-373. LOS RESTOS DIRECTOS DE DINOSAURIOS TERÓPODOS (EXCLUYENDO AVES) EN ESPAÑA CANUDO1, J. I. y RUIZ-OMEÑACA1,2 J. I. 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra (Área de Paleontología) y Museo Paleontológico. Universidad de Zaragoza. 50009 Zaragoza. [email protected] 2 Paleoymás, S. L. L. Nuestra Señora del Salz, 4, local, 50017 Zaragoza. [email protected] RESUMEN La mayoría de los restos fósiles de dinosaurios terópodos de España son dientes aislados y escasos restos postcraneales. La única excepción es el ornitomimosaurio Pelecanimimus polyodon, del Barremiense de Las Hoyas (Cuenca). Hay registro de terópodos en el Jurásico superior (Oxfordiense superior-Tithónico inferior), en el tránsito Jurásico-Cretácico (Tithónico superior- Berriasiense inferior) y en todos los pisos del Cretácico inferior, con excepción del Valanginiense. En el Cretácico superior únicamente hay restos en el Campaniense y Maastrichtiense. La mayor parte de las determinaciones son demasiado generales, lo que impide conocer algunas de las familias que posiblemente estén representadas. Se han reconocido: Neoceratosauria, Baryonychidae, Ornithomimosauria, Dromaeosauridae, además de terópodos indeterminados, y celurosaurios indeterminados (dientes pequeños sin dentículos). La mayoría de los restos son de Maniraptoriformes, siendo especialmente abundantes los dromeosáuridos. Las únicas excepciones son por el momento, el posible Ceratosauria del Jurásico superior de Asturias, los barionícidos del Hauteriviense-Barremiense de Burgos, Teruel y La Rioja, el posible carcharodontosáurido del Aptiense inferior de Morella y el posible abelisáurido del Campaniense de Laño. Además hay algunos terópodos incertae sedis, como los "paronicodóntidos" (entre los que se incluye Euronychodon), y Richardoestesia. -
Pterosaur Distribution in Time and Space: an Atlas 61
Zitteliana An International Journal of Palaeontology and Geobiology Series B/Reihe B Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Pa lä on to lo gie und Geologie B28 DAVID W. E. HONE & ERIC BUFFETAUT (Eds) Flugsaurier: pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer CONTENTS/INHALT Dedication 3 PETER WELLNHOFER A short history of pterosaur research 7 KEVIN PADIAN Were pterosaur ancestors bipedal or quadrupedal?: Morphometric, functional, and phylogenetic considerations 21 DAVID W. E. HONE & MICHAEL J. BENTON Contrasting supertree and total-evidence methods: the origin of the pterosaurs 35 PAUL M. BARRETT, RICHARD J. BUTLER, NICHOLAS P. EDWARDS & ANDREW R. MILNER Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas 61 LORNA STEEL The palaeohistology of pterosaur bone: an overview 109 S. CHRISTOPHER BENNETT Morphological evolution of the wing of pterosaurs: myology and function 127 MARK P. WITTON A new approach to determining pterosaur body mass and its implications for pterosaur fl ight 143 MICHAEL B. HABIB Comparative evidence for quadrupedal launch in pterosaurs 159 ROSS A. ELGIN, CARLOS A. GRAU, COLIN PALMER, DAVID W. E. HONE, DOUGLAS GREENWELL & MICHAEL J. BENTON Aerodynamic characters of the cranial crest in Pteranodon 167 DAVID M. MARTILL & MARK P. WITTON Catastrophic failure in a pterosaur skull from the Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil 175 MARTIN LOCKLEY, JERALD D. HARRIS & LAURA MITCHELL A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time 185 DAVID M. UNWIN & D. CHARLES DEEMING Pterosaur eggshell structure and its implications for pterosaur reproductive biology 199 DAVID M. MARTILL, MARK P. WITTON & ANDREW GALE Possible azhdarchoid pterosaur remains from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of England 209 TAISSA RODRIGUES & ALEXANDER W. -
Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in Later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2020-0174.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-Jan-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Holtz, Thomas; University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Geology; NationalDraft Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology Keyword: Dinosaur, Ontogeny, Theropod, Paleocology, Mesozoic, Tyrannosauridae Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Tribute to Dale Russell Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 91 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: 2 Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous 3 Asiamerica 4 5 6 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 7 8 Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA 9 Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 USA 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 ORCID: 0000-0002-2906-4900 Draft 12 13 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 14 Department of Geology 15 8000 Regents Drive 16 University of Maryland 17 College Park, MD 20742 18 USA 19 Phone: 1-301-405-4084 20 Fax: 1-301-314-9661 21 Email address: [email protected] 22 23 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 91 24 ABSTRACT 25 Well-sampled dinosaur communities from the Jurassic through the early Late Cretaceous show 26 greater taxonomic diversity among larger (>50kg) theropod taxa than communities of the 27 Campano-Maastrichtian, particularly to those of eastern/central Asia and Laramidia. -
Coossified Tarsometatarsi in Theropod Dinosaurs and Their Bearing on the Problem of Bird Origins
HALSZKA OSM6LSKA COOSSIFIED TARSOMETATARSI IN THEROPOD DINOSAURS AND THEIR BEARING ON THE PROBLEM OF BIRD ORIGINS OSM6LSKA, H. : Coossified tarsometatarsi in theropod dinosaurs and their bearing on the problem of bird origins, Palaeontologia Polonica, 42, 79-95, 1981. Limb remains of two small theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Mongolia display fused tarsometatarsi. Presence of fusion in the tarsometatarsus in some theropods is consi dered as additional evidence for the theropod origin of birds. E/misaurus rarus gen. et sp. n. is described based upon a fragmentary skeleton represented by limbs. Family Elmisauridae novo is erected to include Elmisaurus, Chirostenotes GlLMORE and Ma crophalangia STERNBERG. Key words: Dinosauria, Theropoda, bird origins, Upper Cretaceous, Mongolia. Halszka Osmolska , ZakladPaleobiologii, Polska Akademia Nauk, Al. Zw irki i Wigury 93,02-089 War szawa, Po/and. Received: June 1979. Streszczenie. - W pracy opisano szczatki malych dinozaur6w drapieznych z osad6w gornokredo wych Mongolii . Stopa tych dinozaur6w wykazuje obecnosc zrosnietego tarsomet atarsusa. Zrosniecie to stanowi dodatkowy dow6d na pochodzenie ptak6w od dinozaur6w drapieznych, Opisano nowy rodzaj i gatunek dinozaura drapieznego E/misaurus rarus, kt6ry zaliczono do nowej rodziny Elmisau ridae . Do rodziny tej, opr6cz Elmisaurus, naleza: Chirostenotes GILMORE i Macr opha/angia STERNBERG. Praca byla finansowana przez Polska Akademie Nauk w ramach problemu rniedzyresorto wego MR 11-6. INTRODUCTION During the Polish-Mongolian -
104Ornithodiraphyl
Millions of Years Ago 252.3 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5 Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Euparkeria Crurotarsi ? Scleromochlus ? Archosauria Pterosauria Lagerpetidae Ornithodira Marasuchus Genasauria Dinosauromorpha Silesauridae Neornithsichia Thyreophora Ornithischia Eocursor (esp. Dinosauria) et al. (2011), Yates (2007) Yates et al. (2011), Nesbitt etal.(2009), Sues (2007), Martinezet al.(2011), Irmis etal. Ezcurra (2006), EzcurraandBrusatte (2011), Phylogeny after Brusatteetal.(2010), Butleretal.(2007), Heterodontosauridae Pisanosaurus Dinosauria Ornithodira Sauropodomorpha Herrerasauria Saurischia Eodromeus Theropoda Daemonosaurus Tawa Neotheropoda Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5 Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late (2009), Norman et al. (2004), Thompson etal. (2011) (2009), Norman etal. (2004), Phylogeny afterButler etal. (2007a,b), Carpenter (2001),Galton &Upchurch (2004), Maidment etal.(2008), Mateus etal. Cerapoda Ornithopoda Eocursor Marginocephalia Neornithischia Othnielosaurus Genasauria (esp. Thyreophora) Genasauria (esp. Hexinlusaurus Stormbergia Genasauria Lesothosaurus Scutellosaurus Thyreophora Scelidosaurus Stegosauridae Stegosaurinae Dacentrurinae Stegosauria Kentrosaurus Tuojiangosaurus Huayangosauridae Gigantspinosaurus Eurypoda Tianchiasaurus Ankylosauria Nodosauridae Ankylosauridae Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5 Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous -
Octavio Mateus
Foster, J.R. and Lucas, S. G., eds., 2006, Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36. 223 LATE JURASSIC DINOSAURS FROM THE MORRISON FORMATION (USA), THE LOURINHÃ AND ALCOBAÇA FORMATIONS (PORTUGAL), AND THE TENDAGURU BEDS (TANZANIA): A COMPARISON OCTÁVIO MATEUS Museu da Lourinhã, Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530-157 Lourinhã, Portugal. Phone: +351.261 413 995; Fax: +351.261 423 887; Email: [email protected]; and Centro de Estudos Geológicos, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract—The Lourinhã and Alcobaça formations (in Portugal), Morrison Formation (in North America) and Tendaguru Beds (in Tanzania) are compared. These three Late Jurassic areas, dated as Kimmeridgian to Tithonian are similar paleoenvironmentally and faunally. Four dinosaur genera are shared between Portugal and the Morrison (Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus and Apatosaurus), as well as all non-avian dinosaur families. Episodic dis- persal occurred until at least the Late Jurassic. The Portuguese dinosaurs did not developed dwarfism and are as large as Morrison and Tendaguru dinosaurs. Resumo em português—São comparadas as Formações de Lourinhã e Alcobaça (em Portugal), Formação de Morrison (na América do Norte) e as Tendaguru Beds (na Tanzânia). Estas três áreas do Jurássico Superior (Kimmeridgiano/ Titoniano) têm muitas semelhanças relativamente aos paleoambientes. Quatro géneros de dinossauros são comuns a Portugal e Morrison (Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus e Apatosaurus), assim como todas as famílias de dinossauros não-avianos. Episódios migratórios ocorreram pelo menos até ao Jurássico Superior. Os dinossauros de Portugal não desenvolveram nanismo e eram tão grandes como os dinossauros de Morrison e Tendaguru. -
Microvertebrates of the Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Portugal)
Alexandre Renaud Daniel Guillaume Licenciatura em Biologia celular Mestrado em Sistemática, Evolução, e Paleobiodiversidade Microvertebrates of the Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Portugal) Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Paleontologia Orientador: Miguel Moreno-Azanza, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Co-orientador: Octávio Mateus, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Júri: Presidente: Prof. Doutor Paulo Alexandre Rodrigues Roque Legoinha (FCT-UNL) Arguente: Doutor Hughes-Alexandres Blain (IPHES) Vogal: Doutor Miguel Moreno-Azanza (FCT-UNL) Júri: Dezembro 2018 MICROVERTEBRATES OF THE LOURINHÃ FORMATION (LATE JURASSIC, PORTUGAL) © Alexandre Renaud Daniel Guillaume, FCT/UNL e UNL A Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e a Universidade Nova de Lisboa tem o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to dedicate this thesis to my late grandfather “Papi Joël”, who wanted to tie me to a tree when I first start my journey to paleontology six years ago, in Paris. And yet, he never failed to support me at any cost, even if he did not always understand what I was doing and why I was doing it. He is always in my mind. Merci papi ! This master thesis has been one-year long project during which one there were highs and lows. -
Additions to the Early Cretaceous Dinosaur Fauna of Transbaikalia, Eastern Russia
Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS Vol. 313, No. 4, 2009, рр. 363–378 УДК: 57.072:551.763 ADDITIONS TO THE EARLY CRETACEOUS DINOSAUR FAUNA OF TRANSBAIKALIA, EASTERN RUSSIA A.O. Averianov1* and P.P. Skutschas2 1Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Eight dinosaur taxa are currently known from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) Murtoi Formation in the Lake Gusinoe Depression of western Transbaikalia: the theropod Richardoestesia sp.* and indeterminate therizinosauroid, ornithomimosaur and dromaeosaurid material; a titanosauriforme sauropod (cf. Euhelopus), and cf. Mongolosaurus sp.; and an indeterminate ornithopod* and the ceratopsian Psittacosaurus sp. (taxa marked with an asterisk were not reported previously). In the more easterly Chikoi-Khilok Depression the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Khilok Formation has produced fragmentary remains of four dinosaur taxa: the theropod ‘Prodeinodon’ sp. and an indeterminate dromaeosaurid, an indeterminate titanosauriform (cf. Nemegtosaurus) and an indeterminate ornithopod. The most notable differences between the two faunas are the absence of large carnivorous theropods in the Murtoi Formation and the different composition of the sauropod and, perhaps, the ornithopod faunas in each basin. Key words: Dinosauria, Early Cretaceous, Transbaikalia, Russia ДОПОЛНЕНИЯ К -
︎Accepted Manuscript
︎Accepted Manuscript First remains of neoginglymodian actinopterygians from the Jurassic of Monte Nerone area (Umbria-Marche Apennine, Italy) Marco Romano, Angelo Cipriani, Simone Fabbi & Paolo Citton To appear in: Italian Journal of Geosciences Received date: 24 May 2018 Accepted date: 20 July 2018 doi: https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2018.28 Please cite this article as: Romano M., Cipriani A., Fabbi S. & Citton P. - First remains of neoginglymodian actinopterygians from the Jurassic of Monte Nerone area (Umbria-Marche Apennine, Italy), Italian Journal of Geosciences, https://doi.org/10.3301/ IJG.2018.28 This PDF is an unedited version of a manuscript that has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication. The manuscript has not yet copyedited or typeset, to allow readers its most rapid access. The present form may be subjected to possible changes that will be made before its final publication. Ital. J. Geosci., Vol. 138 (2019), pp. 00, 7 figs. (https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2018.28) © Società Geologica Italiana, Roma 2019 First remains of neoginglymodian actinopterygians from the Jurassic of Monte Nerone area (Umbria-Marche Apennine, Italy) MARCO ROMANO (1, 2, 3), ANGELO CIPRIANI (2, 3), SIMONE FABBI (2, 3, 4) & PAOLO CITTON (2, 3, 5, 6) ABSTRACT UMS). The Mt. Nerone area attracted scholars from all Since the early nineteenth century, the structural high of Mt. over Europe and was studied in detail since the end of Nerone in the Umbria-Marche Sabina Domain (UMS – Central/ the nineteenth century, due to the richness in invertebrate Northern Apennines, Italy) attracted scholars from all over macrofossils, especially cephalopods, and the favorable Europe due to the wealth of fossil fauna preserved in a stunningly exposure of the Mesozoic succession (e.g. -
Dinosaurs of Portugal Dinosaures Du Portugal
C. R. Palevol 2 (2003) 77–95 Systematic Palaeontology / Paléontologie systématique (Vertebrate Palaeontology / Paléontologie des Vertébrés) Dinosaurs of Portugal Dinosaures du Portugal Miguel Telles Antunes a,b,c,d, Octávio Mateus c,d,* a Academia de Ciências de Lisboa, Portugal b European Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 60, rue Monsieur-le-Prince, 75006 Paris, France c Centro de Estudos Geológicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (UNL)/Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal d GEAL - Museu da Lourinhã, 2530 Lourinhã, Portugal Accepted 6 January 2003 Written on invitation of the Editorial Board Abstract A synthesis on the state of art on dinosaur knowledge in Portugal is presented. The following genera have been recognized: Ceratosaurus, Torvosaurus, Lourinhanosaurus, Allosaurus, cf. Compsognathus, Stokesosaurus, cf. Richardoestesia, cf. Archaeopteryx, Euronychodon, cf. Paronychodon, Dinheirosaurus, Lourinhasaurus, Lusotitan, cf. Pleurocoelus, Lusitanosau- rus, Dacentrurus, Dracopelta, Phyllodon, Hypsilophodon, Alocodon, Trimucrodon, Draconyx, Iguanodon, and Taveirosaurus. Most are from Late Jurassic localities at the Lourinhã area and Guimarota. A new genus, Lusotitan, is here raised to include the Late Jurassic ‘Brachiosaurus’atalaiensis. Lower Cretaceous until Cenomanian material is scarce, except for dinosaur footprints. An interesting Late-Cretaceous, mostly small dinosaur association has been collected between Aveiro and Taveiro. To cite this article: M.T. Antunes, O. Mateus, C. R. Palevol 2 (2003) 77–95. © 2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Résumé On présente une synthèse concernant l’état actuel des connaissances sur les dinosaures du Portugal. Les genres suivants ont été reconnus : Ceratosaurus, Torvosaurus, Lourinhanosaurus, Allosaurus, cf. Compsognathus, Stokesosaurus, cf. Richardoes- tesia, cf. Archaeopteryx, Euronychodon, cf. Paronychodon, Dinheirosaurus, Lourinhasaurus, Lusotitan, cf. -
JPT N006 Special Volume.Pdf
FICHA TÉCNICA O seguinte exemplo é o modo preferível de citação dos resumos: [The following is an example of the preferred mode of citation of abstracts:] Araújo, R., Pound, M., and Natário, C. 2009. Sieving methods in the search of a micro- vertebrate fauna from the Late Jurassic of Lourinhã Formation, in Brandão, J.M, Callapez, P. M., Mateus, O. and Castro, P., International Conference on Geological collections and museums. Journal of Paleontological Techniques, 6: 22. Edição técnica: [Technical editing:] Sílvia Costa Ricardo Araújo Journal of Paleontological Techniques Museu da Lourinhã Lourinhã, Maio de 2009 ISSN: 1646-5806 Disponível em [available at]: www.jpaleontologicaltechniques.org COMISSÃO CIENTÍFICA Alcides Pereira (FCT, Universidade de Coimbra) António Ferreira Soares (FCT, Universidade de Coimbra) António Queirós (Liga dos Amigos de Conimbriga / CEFOP) Anne Schulp (Museu de Maastricht) António Mouraz Miranda (IST / Museu Décio Thadeu) Artur Abreu Sá (UTAD / Projecto Geoparque de Arouca) Carlos Cooke (UTAD / Museu de Geologia da UTAD) Helder Chaminé (ISEP / Museu de Mineralogia e Geologia do ISEP) Helena Couto (FCUP / Museu de História Natural da Univ. Porto / Parque Paleozóico) Isabel Rábano (Museo Geominero - IGME) João Carlos Brigola (CEHFCi / Universidade de Évora) João Pais (CICEGE / FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa) José Bernardo Brilha (Universidade do Minho / ProGeo) Josep Mata-Perelló (Museu Valentí Masachts / Univ. Politécnica de Cataluña) Luís C. Gama Pereira (FCT, Universidade de Coimbra) Manuel Francisco Pereira (Instituto Superior Técnico / Museu Bensaúde) Maria de Fátima Nunes (CEHFCi / Universidade de Évora) Miguel Telles Antunes (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa) Octavio Puche Riart (Museu Histórico Minero Felipe de Borbón / ETSIM, Univ. Politécnica de Madrid) Paulo da Gama Mota (Museu de Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra) Pedro Casaleiro (Museu de Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra) Philipe Taquet (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) Rui Dias (Universidade de Évora / C. -
Uncompahgre Dinosaur Fauna: a Preliminary Report
Great Basin Naturalist Volume 45 Number 4 Article 8 10-31-1985 Uncompahgre dinosaur fauna: a preliminary report James A. Jensen Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Jensen, James A. (1985) "Uncompahgre dinosaur fauna: a preliminary report," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 45 : No. 4 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol45/iss4/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. UNCOMPAHGRE DINOSAUR FAUNA: A PRELIMINARY REPORT James A. Jensen Abstract.—A diverse late Jurassic dinosaur fauna, discovered in western Colorado in 1963, contains many unde- scribed taxa that may represent evolutionary trends at the generic level not previously reported from the Morrison Formation. A preliminary faunal hst is given. Bones of the largest known dinosaur, Ultrasaurus , are present as are a variety of small animals, including Pterosaurs, in which one sacrum displays avianlike fused sacral neural spines. A new family, the Torvosauridae , erected, based on the genus Torvosaunis that is redescribed. One of the most diverse Jurassic dinosaur their field investigations "failed to find any faunas in North America was found on the convincing evidence of evolution at the Uncompahgre Upwarp in western Colorado generic level within the Morrison Forma- in 1963. This fauna contains more unde- tion." There are familiar forms in the Uncom- scribed taxa than has been encountered in any pahgre fauna, but there is also consistent evi- other North American Jurassic assemblage in dence of change, or "evolution at the generic this century.