Millions of Years Ago 252.3 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late
Euparkeria
Crurotarsi
? Scleromochlus ?
Archosauria Pterosauria
Lagerpetidae Ornithodira Marasuchus Genasauria Dinosauromorpha Silesauridae
Neornithsichia
Thyreophora Ornithischia Eocursor (esp. Dinosauria) et al. (2011), Yates (2007) (2007), Martinezet al.(2011), Nesbitt etal.(2009), Sues Ezcurra (2006), EzcurraandBrusatte (2011), Irmiset al. Phylogeny after Brusatteetal.(2010), Butleretal.(2007),
Heterodontosauridae
Pisanosaurus Dinosauria Ornithodira Sauropodomorpha
Herrerasauria Saurischia
Eodromeus Theropoda Daemonosaurus
Tawa
Neotheropoda Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late (2009), Norman etal. (2004), Thompson etal.(2011) Phylogeny afterButler etal. (2007a,b), Carpenter (2001),Galton &Upchurch (2004), Maidment etal.(2008), Mateus etal. Cerapoda Ornithopoda
Eocursor Marginocephalia Neornithischia
Othnielosaurus
Genasauria (esp. Thyreophora) Hexinlusaurus Stormbergia
Genasauria Lesothosaurus
Scutellosaurus Thyreophora
Scelidosaurus Stegosauridae Stegosaurinae
Dacentrurinae Stegosauria Kentrosaurus
Tuojiangosaurus
Huayangosauridae
Gigantspinosaurus
Eurypoda Tianchiasaurus
Ankylosauria Nodosauridae
Ankylosauridae Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Euhadrosauria Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Prieto-Marquez (2008), Varricchio etal.(2007) Godefroit et al.(2005),Makovicky etal.(2011), Paul (2006), McDonald etal.(2010), Norman(2004), etal.(2004), (2007), Phylogeny after Boydetal.(2009), Brownetal.(2009), Butleretal.(2007),Cambiaso (2007),Evans andReisz
Hadrosauridae Saurolophinae
Lambeosaurinae Hadrosauria Hadrosaurus
Bactrosaurus Probactrosaurus Hadrosauriformes Ouranosaurus
Styracosterna Mantellisaurus Ankylopollexia
Iguanodon
Dryomorpha Iguanacolossus
Theiophytalia Camptosaurus
Dryosauridae
Gondwanan Ornithopod Radiation Iguanodontia Rhabdodontidae
Ornithopoda Muttaburrasaurus
Tenontosaurus
Thescelosauridae Ornithopoda
“zephyrosaurs”
Hypsilophodon
“changchunsaurs” Cerapoda Marginocephalia Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Sampson andLoewen (2010), Williamson andCarr (2002),Zhao etal.(2006) (2007), Phylogeny after Butleretal.(2007), Chinnery(2004),Longrich etal.(2010),Makovicky andNorell (2006), Ryan
Ornithopoda Pachycephalosauria
Pachycephalosauridae Cerapoda
Stenopelix Marginocephalia
Yinlong
Chaoyangsauridae Ceratopsia Psittacosauridae
Liaoceratops Neoceratopsia Archaeoceratops
Leptoceratopsidae
Bagaceratopsidae Marginocephalia
Protoceratopsidae Coronosauria
Zuniceratops Ceratopsoidea
Centrosaurinae
Ceratopsidae Chasmosaurinae Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Torres etal. (2009), Yates (2007), Yates etal.(2009) Phylogeny after Allain and Aquesbi (2008), Ezcurra (2010),Ezcurra and Novas(2009), Remes etal.(2009), Royo Neosauropoda
Turiasauria
Eusauropoda Jobaria
Mamenchisauridae
Gravisauria Cetiosauridae
Shunosaurus Sauropoda Spinophorosaurus
Vulcanodontidae
Isanosaurus Anchisauria
Antetonitrus
Melanorosauridae Sauropodomorpha Aardonyx Massopoda Anchisaurus
Plateosauria Yunnanosauridae
Massospondylidae
Riojasauridae
Plateosauridae Sauropodomorpha Plateosauravus Efraasia
Pantydraco
Thecodontosaurus -
Saurischia Guaibasauridae
Theropoda Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Lithostrotia Sander et al.(2006), Upchurch etal. (2004) Phylogeny afterCalvo etal. (2007),Curry Rogers (2005),Lovelace etal. (2007),Royo-Torres etal.(2009), Remes (2006), Saltasauridae Eutitanosauria Nemegtosauridae
Antarctosauridae
Aeolosauridae
Titanosauria Argyrosauridae
Lognkosauria
Titanosauriformes Andesaurus
Tangvayosaurus
Lapparentosaurus
Astrodon
Brachiosauridae Macronaria
Europasaurus
Camarasaurus Neosauropoda
Bellusaurus Neosauropoda Diplodocidae Flagellicaudata
Diplodocoidea Diplodocinae
Apatosaurinae
Dicraeosauridae
Rebbachisauridae
Jobaria Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Tawa al. (2009), Smith etal.(2007, 2008),Xu etal.(2009) (2008), Clark etal.(2009),Ezcurra (2006),Ezcurraand Brusatte(2011), Holtzetal.(2004), Krauseetal.(2007), Nesbittet Phylogeny after Allain et al.(2007),Benson et al.(2009),Benton(2008), Brusatte&Sereno (2008),Carrano& Sampson
Liliensternus
Coelophysidae
Zupaysaurus
Cryolophosaurus “Elaphrosaurs” Neotheropoda Spinostropheus Dilophosaurus Deltadromeus
Ceratosauridae Ceratosauria Abelisauroidea Noasauridae
Abelisauridae
Megalosauroidea Spinosauridae
Megalosauridae Averostra Monolophosaurus
Piatnitzkysaurus Neovenatoridae Neotheropoda
Marshosaurus Carcharodontosauria Megaraptora
Chilantaisaurus Carnosauria Tetanurae Neovenator
Avetheropoda Carcharodontosauridae
Allosauridae
Sinraptoridae
Coelurosauria Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late (2009), Naishet al. (2011), Senter(2007),Sereno etal.(2009),Zanno etal.(2009) Phylogeny after Benson(2008),Choiniere etal.(2010), Holtz(inpress), etal.(2004),Li (2009),Makovickyet al. Carnosauria Avetheropoda
Ornitholestes Compsognathidae Tyrannosauridae
Coeluridae Bistahieversor ? Appalachiosaurus Xiongguanlong Coelurosauria Raptorex Dryptosaurus ? Tyrannosauroidea Eotyrannus Dilong Stokesosaurus
Tyrannoraptora Proceratosauridae
Ornithomimosauria Pelecanimimus Harpymimus Beishanlong Garudimimus Ornithomimidae Eshanosaurus Falcarius Therizinosauria Maniraptoriformes Beipiaosaurus Coelurosauria Therizinosauroidea
Alvarezsauridae Alvarezsaurus Alvarezsauroidea Maniraptora Patagonykus Haplocheirus Parvicursorinae Oviraptorosauria Incisivosaurus Caenagnathoidea
Metornithes Caudipteryx Caenagnathidae
Oviraptoridae
Eumaniraptora Millions of Years Ago 253.0 247.2 235.0 201.5 175.6 161.2 145.5 99.6 65.5
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Early Middle Late Early Middle Late Early Late Makovicky etal. (2005), Naish et al.(2011), O’Connor etal. (2009), Xu etal. (2011) Phylogeny afterClarke etal. (2006), Hu et al.(2009), Livezeyand Zusi(2007), Longrich andCurrie (2009), Oviraptorosauria
Troodontidae Deinonychosauria Unenlagiinae
Microraptorinae Dromaeosauridae
Saurornitholestinae Eudromaeosauria
Deinonychus ? Velociraptorinae Eumaniraptora Dromaeosaurinae
Archaeopterygidae? ? Scansoriopterygidae Jeholornis Avialae Omnivoropterygidae
Confuciusornithidae Pygostylia Enantiornithes
Eumaniraptora Patagopteryx
Ornithothoraces Samrukia Euornithes Yanornithiformes
Hesperonithes
Ichthyornis Ornithurae Palaeognathae Carinatae
Galloanserae Neognathae Aves
Metaves Neoaves
Coronaves