Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ 1IIIIImllllllllllili GIPE-PUNE-002621 r E STOR.Y OF THE NATIONS ~ c €be ~tOtP of tbe .taations .

•

~ S ITZERLAND. • •

• THE STORY OF THE ~ATIONS.

I. ROD. By AnTHUR GILliAN. 29. THE NORDIANS. By SARAII M.A. O({NE JEWETT • •. THE JEWS. By Prof. J. K ,;0. THE BYZAlI'TDIE EMl'IRE. HOSMER. llv C. W. C. OMAN. 3. GERlIlANY. By Rev. S. BARI""" 31. SICiLy: PhClOniciaa, Greek ""d GOULD, M.A. Roman. By Ihe lale 1'1'01. E. 4- CARTRAGE. By Prof. ALFRED A. FREEMAN. 1- CHURCH. 32. THE TUSCAll' REPU~CS. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMl'IRE. By Bv BtH.I.A Dur:F1', . Prof. J. P. MAltAFn. 33· POLAND. By W. It )IORFILL, 6. THE mOORS IJl' SPAIN. By M.A. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 31- P ARTRIA. lly Prof. GEORGE 7. AlI'CIENT EGYPT. By Prof. HAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 35· AUSTRALIAN COMMON, 8. RUNGARY. By Prof. ARMINIC. WEALTH. By GREVILLB VAIUDRI(Y. J TREGARTHE~. 9. THE SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WAlTS. GILMAN, M.A. . 37. lAPAlI'. By DAVID MURRAY. 10. IRELAlI'D. By lhe Hall. EMILY Ph.D. LAWLESS. 38. SOUTH AFRICA. By GEORGB 11. CRALDEA. By ZENAiDB A. RAGOZIN. 39. vljI'Ml~Aty AI.ETHEA {VIE .. 12. THE GOTHS, By HElIRY BHAI>' 40. THE CRUSADES. By T. A. LEY. " AltCHER and C. L. ]{I)lGSFORO. 13. ASSYRIA. By ztNArDE A. RA· 41. VEDIC IJl'DIA.. By·Z. A. llA· GOZIN. GOZDl. 14. TURKEY. By STANLEY LASE· 4'. WEST INDIES and the SPAJl'ISH POOLE. MAIJl'. By JAMES RODWAY. IS. HOLLAND. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOHEMIA. By C. ED.IUND THOROLD nOGRRS. MAURICE. [M.A. 16. IlIEDLlEVAL FRANCE. By 44. THE BALKANS. ByW. M'LL.R. GUSTAVE MASSON. 45. CAlI'ADA. By Sir J. G. BOURI· 17. PERSIA. By S. G. W. llE'" NOT, LL.D. JA~IIN. 4f. BRITISH INDIA.. By R. W. 18. PHIENICIA. By Prof. GEO. FRAZER, LL.B. RAWLINSON. 47. MODERN FRAlI'CE. By AN DR';. 19- 1lIEDIA. By ZEN AiDE A. RA· La BON. GOlIN. 48. THE FRAlI'XS. By LEWIS SER· '0. THE RAlI'SA TOWNS. By GEANT. HELEN ZnUIERN. 49- AUSTRIA. By SIDNEY WHIT· 21. EARLY BRITAIN. By Prof. MAN. , ALFRED T. CHURCH. 50. MODERN ENGLAND. Before 22. THE BAItBARY CORSAIRS. Ihe Reform Bill, By JUSTIN By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. McCARTHY. 23. RUSSIA.. ByW.ll. MORFILL M.A. 51. CHIJl'A. By Prof. R. K DOUGLAs, "+ THE .JEWS UNDER THE 5'. MODERN ENGLAND. From Ihe ROMAlI'S. Bv W. D. MORRISON. Heform Bill to the Present 2S. SCOTLAlI'D. fly JOH" MAC""'· Time. Bv JnSTIN MCCARTHY. TOSH. LL.D. 53. mODERN SPAIN•. By MARTI)! 26. SWITZERLAND. Dy Mrs, LIliA . :\.. S. Hmuv.. HUG and R. STUD. 5+ MODERN ITALY. By PIElRO 27. Il!EXIOO. By SUSAN H AI.E. . ORSI. 28. PORTUGAL. By H. MORSE 55. NORWAY. By H. H. B?YES.EN. STEPHENS, ;6. WALES. By O. M. ED\URD..

LoSDOll: 1;. FISlIEI< UNWIN, PATERSOS'fEII SQUAR1l, E.C. ANCIENT SWISS LAKE DWELLIM;S, ZURICH LAKE. (From lJesign /,)' Dr. F. Atller.) . . S\XlITZ E RLAN D

1\.,

MRS. Ll~A HUG

meHARD STEAD, B.A.

T. FISHEl{ UNWIN 1'.\TERXosn:R S\.ll'A~E Entered at Stalioncrs' Hall By T. lo'ISH ER UNWIN RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

TO PROFESSOR GEORG VON WYSS

AND PROFESSOR G. MEYER VON KNONAU -PREFACE.

FOR many reasons, some of which are obvious to the least thoughtful, the history of Switzerland is peculiarly interesting, and not least so to English­ speaking peoples. In the first place, the" playground of Europe" is every year visited by large numbers of British and Americans, some of whom indeed are familiar with almost every comer of it. Then to the Anglo.Saxon race the grand spectacle of a handful of freemen nobly stt'uggling for and maintaining their freedom, often amidst enormous difficulties, and against appalling odds, cannot but be heart-stirring. To the citize"n of the great American republic a study of the constitution of the little European republic should bring both interest and profit-a constitution resembling in many points that of his own country. and' yet in many other respects so different. And few readers, of whatever nationality, can, we think, peruse this story without a feeling of admiration for a gallant people who have fought against oppression as the Swiss have fought, who have loved freedom as they x PREFACE. have loved it, and who have performed the well-nil incredible feats of arms the Switzers have performf And as Sir Francis O. Adams and Mr. Cunningha well point out in their recently published work on t Swiss Confederation, as a study in constitutional h tory, the value of the story of the development of t Confederation can hardly be over-estimated. Few of the existing accounts of Swiss history whi have appeared in the' English language go ba, beyond the year 1291 A.D., the date of the earlif Swiss League, and of course Switzerland as a nati, cannot boast of an earlier origin. But surely sar account should be given of the previous history of t men who founded the League. For a country whi has been occupied at different periods by lakem( Helvetians, and Romans; where Alamanni, Burgu dians, and Franks have played their parts; whe Charlemagne sojourned and ruled, and Charles tl Bold fought; where the great families of the Zaerin~ the Kyburgs, anCl Savoy struggled; and whence tl now mighty sprang (and don neered)--all this before 1291-a ~ollntry with such story to tell of its earlier times, we, say, should f1 have that story left untold. Accordingly in tl volume the history of the period before the formati of the Confederation has been dwelt upon at sO! little length. It should be mentioned, too, that view of the very general interest caused bYe t remarka.ble discovery of the Swiss lake settlemel a few years ago, a chapter has been devoted to t subject l\iindful,however, of the superior importance oft PREFACE. xi formation and prog~ess of the Confederation, an en­ deavour has been made to trace that progress step by step, showing how. ,mel) differing in race, in language, in creed, and in mod'c! -of life, combined to resist the common en~my, and to ~ buildup the ~ompact little state, we now :;ee plaYlng i~s part on 'the European stage. The whole teaching of the history of the country may be summed up in Mr. Coolidge's words, in his" Bistory of the Swiss Confederation" (p. 65). "Swiss history teaches, us, all the way through, that Swiss liberty has _,been won by a -close union of many small states." And Mr. Coolidge adds an opinion that II it will be bes.t preserved by the same means, and not by obliterating all. local peculiarities, nowhere so striking, nowhere so historically impor- tant as in Switzerland." ' It remains to add a few ,Words as to the authorities consulted by the write~s of this little volume. The standard Swiss histories have naturally been largely used, such as those of Dr. Carl Dlindliker, Dierauer, Vulliemin, Daguet,. Strickler, Vogelin, and Weber (" Universal Histgry"). Amongst other histories and miseellaneoils writings-essays, pamphlets, and what not-may be mentioned those of Dr. Ferdinand Keller, Wartmann, Heer, HeierIi, Von Arx, Mommsen, Burkhardt, Morel, Marquardt, Dahn, BUdinger, Secretan, Von Wyss, Meyer von Knonau, OecJlsli, Schweizer, Fins~er, Roget, Bachtold, Marc­ monnier, Rambert, Hettner, Scherer, Roquette, Frey­ tag, Pestalozzi, Schulze, and Kern. Amongst the English works consulted ar~ Freeman's writings, the Letters of the Parker Society, Adams and Cunning- xii PREFACE. ham's" Swiss Confederation," Coolidge's reprint from the" EncyclopOEdia Britannica" of the article on the

II History of the Swiss Confederation," Bryce's" ," &c. The authors are indebted for most kind and valu­ able assistance to several eminent Swiss scholars. To Prof. Georg von \Vyss and Prof. Meyer von Knonau special thanks ate due, whilst Prof. Kesselring, Herr J. Heierli, and others, have shown much helpful in­ terest in the progress of the work. They also owe many thanks to Dr. Imhoof, who has most kindly furnished them with casts from his famous collection of coins j and to the eminent sculptors, Vela and Lanz, who have given permission to use photographs of their latest works for illustration purposes.

ZURICH and FOLKESTONE,J"9', 1890. CO~TENTS

rI:.U.\.C£

• xiii

TARLE SHOWING N.Ul~ A!tL~ AND l\)pllL\."%"IONS OF C.\.:lrTONS • ni,.

I. Tlltl Lu.& D"-ElluS I-U Dt;..~ .>t La~ So,ttkmcnts-Dr. F_liMnd Kdltt's u· pb:tt...... -~ tli>tin... t q>t~-hs-nulJ lili: of !hoe LakdllO!tl -Lak~ s.ettkmoents': E.t:st \'~ u.

Eslrot ol thdr lenitOlT-T"'~ !!,'wmmmt ud n""k ol Ii~ -Otgoct<>rix-Din.:-o ~IS I~ R'_II "'lIttS-C~ routs Ild~-Vm.i~OOs.-'·~ns-Rlm~

III. Han:n.\ tlNDE.R THE Ru."A!\."$. ltHl C~$ _..toe ol do:sling with ll~-AIIi>_ ....'-lIdYdia inn~"'_N inl\ll G~1lI - \"~tu.mtr introJ~l. xiv CONTENTS.

PAGE IV. THE ANCESTOR& OF THE SWISS· NATION 44-57 The Huns and their ravages-Alamanni-Burgundians-"Thc Nibelungcplied "-The Franks subdue both Alamanni and Burgundians-lrish monks preach in Switzelland.

V.

THE CAROLlNGl.\NS -CHARLEMAGNE Pepin Ie Bref-Charlemagne-His connection with Zurich.

VI.

THE KINGDOM OF BURGUNDY; THE DUCHY OF SWABIA; AND THE GERJIIAN EMPIRE 71-82 Division of Charlemagne's territory into three-Rudolf the Guelf-Swabian Dukes-Genealogical tables.

VII.

B(lRGUNDY AND ~WABIA UNDER THE GERMAN EMPERORS • 85-94 Bertha, the" Spinning Queen "-Her son Conrad-Helvetia in close connection with Gerl11any-I~enry IlI.-Strllggle with the Papal power. .

VIII. tHE REIGN OF THE HOUSE OF ZAERINGEN 95-100 Theirorgin - Freiburg and other towns founded -- founded-Defeated by Savoy-The Crusades.

IX.

THE HOUSES OF KYBl:RG, SAVOY, AND HABSBURG 101-117 Fall of the Zaerings-Kyburg dynasty-Growth of Feudalism -The Hohenstaufen - Savoy-Rise of the Habsburg.­ Rudolf. CONTENTS. xv

l>AGE X. THE CONFEDERATION, OR EIDGENOSSENSCHAFT II8-130 The Forest Cantons~The Oath on the Riitli-Rudolf op­ presses the Waldstallen-Tell and the apple-Investigation as to the facts relating to the foundation of the League.

XI. THE BATTLE OF MORGARTEN '31- 137 Attempt on Zurich by the Habsburgs-Albrecht-Gathering of the Wald peoples-Austrian defeat.

XII. THE LEAGUE OF THE EIGHT STATES. Lucerne joins the League-Zurich follows-War with AUoStria - attached to the League as an inferior or protected State -Zug joins the Union-Bern.

XIII. ZURICH AN EXAMPLE OF A 5wISS TOWN IN THE 147--157 Abbey Church of our Lady-Influence of the Lady Abbess­ Citizens in three classes-They gmdually gain freedom­ Trade of the city-ZUlJch a literary centre-Uprising of the working classes-A new constitution.

XIV. BERN CRUSHES THE NOBILITY: GREAT VICTORY OF LAUPEN 158-166 Bern of a military bent-Forms a West Swiss Union-Siege of -Bern opposes the Habsburgs-Acquires,Laupen -Victory at Laupen-League of the Eight States completed.

XV. THE BATTLES OF SEMPACH AND NAEFELS • Opposition to Austria-Leopold III., CharacteroC-,--His plans -Defeat and deat!!. at Sempach - Winkelried - Battle of Naefels. xvi CONTENl'S.

XVI. How SWITZERLAND CAME TO HAVE SUB]fCT LANDS 179-1 Acquisition of sunounding territories desimbl.:-Appenodl­ -Graubunden-Aargau-Quanels witb Milan.

XVII.

WAR BETWEEN ZURICH AND 190-1 Dispute concerning Toggenhurg lan

XVIII.

BURGUNDIAN WARS 200-.1 Charles the llold-Louis XI. of France-Caust:s which led to the war-Policy of Bern-Commencement of hostilities­ Battle of Grandson-Morat-Siege of N.mcy and death of Charles.

XIX. MEETING AT STANZ, &c. 21 7-2 Pre'tige gained hy the League-Di,putes respecting the ad· mis,ion of I'reiburg and Solothurn-Dict at Sranz-N;colas von der Flue-Covenant of Stanz-WaHm .nn -His execution. xx. THE LE.\GUE OF Tt\E THIRTEEN CANTON~ COM· PLETED • 230-Z. l\Iaximilian-Swabia... War-Separation of Switzerland from the Empire-Basel joins the l.e:l~ue-Schaffhausen-Appen. zell-Italian wMs.-Siege of Novara-Battle of Marign"lDO­ St. Gall. XXI.

THE GREI\T COUNCILS, LANDSGEMEINDE, AND DIET, &C. z43-2~ Two kinds of Canton--Constitution of Bern and of Zurich­ Landsgcmein.le-T..gsallung-Intellectual and literary life. CONTENTS.

nIL TIn RUOnuDOll III GElUU..,( SWIT%EJl.LUfD 254-268 Ztriog1i-His early IUe-His d.esDeb: • 'rcb:matioa-Ap­ poiated to Zaricb-A IWioaaI RetOr.ed Oaardt eublisbol -Spread m the _ bit1t-The Ka.ppeb Jdildasuppe--Dia- J"IIk5 bc:twes I...da« aad ZtriDgli-SealDd qund with the F an:Il-ZwingIi killed.

XXUL THE REroItlU.DOll III WEST S1FITZDlLAllD • 261)-278

Po1ibcal CXIIIdi.tima m '"ad ad ~ JIT. aDd Ge.ft - The .. LIdIe Squirts - - Boainrd throoo.. into OIilkR-Rcfonaed faWa praact.ed ill Freadl S..-iuaiaDd bJ Fud-Traty mSL JaJiaa-Opeatiaas ill SaW,.

XXIV.

GE!fEV A .urn Cu.VIlI •

Cahia-IIis "1Dsbbdes --His ~ mFaith-Banish­ _ en- C.eaen-lIi5 I'dIll1l-The c-wt..rn-The - ClUldrm c:I Geaen - - ScndIIS burnt - The Academy bmded-t.:.akiD's deaJla. • xxv. Tn CAmcuc RucnClI • 291-302 DmI.r...ue-I'f'J"!ia'~ BanoaM:o, Alchbisbopmllilaa -Barrome:ua Leagae-ProlestaDlS drivaa rr.:- I.oc:a.-­ S1riuerlaad .. asybma b: religious refugees Effect m S'" Rdarmatioa OIl EoglaDd-Rema1 m IeamiDg-Escalade of Geoeva.

XXVI. Tn Alusrocunc PDuoD. 30 3-314 Thirty Yeaas' Wu---(;r.mbiiDdm aDd its djffintlries-lbssacR in Valtdlioa-Rohaa-JCDatsda-Peasants' ~-Trea!f .-m. Fcmce. J(viii .CONTE.VTS.

PAGB XXVII POLIT1CAL MATTERS IN lHE EIGHTEENTH CEN- TURY 315-3 23 i\ristocracy and plebejans~French League-Massacre at Greifensee-Davel's 1,lot-Bern-Its thre~ castes-Constitu­ tional struggles in Geneva-i\fTray in Neuch5.tel.

XXVIII. SWITZERLAND AND THE RENAISSANCE: INFLUENCE OF VOLTAIRE AND ROUSSEAU" 324-342 Voltaire -- Residence at Ferney.- No special influence on Geneva--Rr)usseau-Maclamo c1~ Stael....,.Swiss savants­ :Zurich a Poets' Corner-.Breit!nger, Bodmer, Haller, Klop. stock, &c.·-PestaloW-Lavater-The lIelvetic Society.

XXIX. THE FJlENCH REVOLUTION AND SWITZERLAND 343-359 Swiss Guards massacred in Paris-Insurrection of Stiifa­ Treaty of Campo Formio-The Paris Helvdic Club-The .. Lemanic Repuhlic "-Surrender of Bern- proclaim'ed~Opposition by Schwyz, Stanz, &c. xxx. THE "ONE AND UNDIVIDED HELVETIC REPUBLIC" 357-368 i\ levy ordered by France-Franco· Helvet ic alliance-i\ustrian occupation - Russian occupation-Battle of Zurich - Su­ warow's extraordinary marches-Heavy French requisit:ons­ Rengger and Stapfer,-Centralists and Federalists- as mediator. XXXI. THE MEDIATION ACT AND NAPOLEON Conference in Pario on Swiss matters-Mediation i\ct signed­ The Bockenk.rieg-Six new cantons formed-Material and intellectual progress-Extinction of Diet-The" Long Diet .. -Con~ress of Vicnna-Completion of twenty-two ~anton~, CONTENTS. xix

PAGB XXXII. SWITZERLAND UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF -[ 815-48 382-394 Dissatisfaction with results of Vienna Congress-The French revolution of [Sla-The .. Day of Uster "-Thc Siebner Con· cordaJ-Catholic League-Progress of Ilducation-Politic:al -refugees in Switzerland-Louis Philippe-Loliis Napoleon­ Disturbances in Zurich by the Anti-Nationalists-The Sonder­ bundWal'. XXXIII.

UNDER THE CONSTlTUTrON OF 1848 New Federal Constitution - Federal Assembly - Federal Council-Federal Tribunal-Powersofthe individual cantons­ Militaryservice-Neuchitel troubles-Federal Pact amended­ The Initiative--The Referendum.

XXXIV.

INDUSTRY, COMMERCE, RAILWAYS, EDUCATION. THE

"RIGHT OF ASYLUM II • 40 8-421 Extent of trade-Exports and imports-Railways-Education -Keller the poet-The Geneva Convention-International Postal Union-Intern:tional Labour Congress-8witzerland as a political asylum-Franco-German War-Summary of population statistics.

GENEALOGICAl. TABLES

INDEX • 4 2 3 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS,

PAGE LAKE DWELLINGS, ZURICH LAKE, FROM A DESIGN BY DR. FERDINAND KELLER , Frontispiece MAP, SHOWING LAKE SETTLEMENTS AROUND ZURICH LAKE, BY· MR. HEIERLI • 2 (I) DECORATION ON SWORD HILT; (2 AND 3), STONE CELTS FOUND IN SWISS· LAKE DWELLINGS (COPIED BY PERMISSION FROM .. HARPER'S MAGAZINE ") • 4 (I) VE:,SELj (2) SPECI\lENS OF WOVEN FABRICS FOUND IN SWISS LAKE DWELLINGS (COPIED BY PERMISSION FROM .. HARPER'S MAGAZINE ") 7 SPECIMENS OF POTTERY rOOND lN SWISS LAKE DWELLINGS (COPIED BY PERMISSION FROM .. HARPER'S MAGAZINE ") 10 ]OHANNISSTEIN, WITH RUINS OF CASTLE OF .. HOHEN- RHArrIA:' NEAR THUSIS, GRAUBUNDEN 16 HOUSE (FORMI.RLY CHAPEL) IN ROMAUNSH STYLE, AT SCHULS, LOWER ENGADINE, GRAUBUNDEN 27 SILVER COIN, VERCllfGETORIX (DR, IMHOOF, WINTER- THUR) .' 29 xxii LIST 'OF ILLCTSTRATIONS.

PAGE GOLD COIN, VESPASIAN [VESPASIANUS IMPERATOR­ AETERNITAS] (DR. IMHOOF) 34 GQLD CO~N OF SIXTE,E~TH CENTURY [ST. F~LIX, ,ST. REGULA-SANCTUS CAROLUS] (DR. IMHOOF) THE EIGER GREAT MINSTER AND WASSERKIRCHE,ZURICH (APPENZELLER, ZURICH) FURKA PASS • CATHEDRAL (EXTERIOR), LAUSANNE CHATEAU DE VUFFLENS, VAUD (FOURTEENTH CENTURY) 102 BRONZE FIGURES FROM MAXIMII.IAN MONUlIIENT, INNSBRUCK (ARTHUR OF THE ROUND TABLE, BRITAIN; THEODOBERT, DUKE OF BURGUNDY; ERNEST, DUKE OF AUSTRIA; THEODORIC, KING OF THE OSTROGOTHS) 106 THE OLD HABSBURG CASTLE, CANTON AARGAU 1 U THALER OF THE THREE CANTONS (URI, SCHWYZ, AND UNTERWALDEN) 120 MAP OF OLD SWITZERLAND. 138 UPPER FALL OF THE REICHENBACH· (MEYRINGEN) 160 PORCH OF BERN MINSTER, WITH STATUE OF RUDOLF VON ERLACH. WINKELRIED'S MONUMENT, STANZ • 174 ARMS OF URI 189 ST. JACQUES MONUMENT, BASEL, BY SCHLOTH 196 ARMS OF SCHWYZ • 198 ELIZABETH, WIFE OF ALBERT II.; MARIA OF BUR- GUNDY; ELEANOR OF PORTUGAL;· KUNIGUNDE, SISTER OF MAXIMILIAN (FROM MAXIMILIAN MONUMENT, INNSBRl:CK) 201 LIST OF II.;LUSTRA.TIONS xxiii

PAGE MAP OF GRANDSON 2[0 OLD WEAPONS AND "ARMOUR IN ZURICH ARSENAL 2[4 INNER COURT OF THE ABBEY OF OUR LADY. LUTH ChAFTER OF ZURICH 220 ARMS OF UNTERWALDEN 229 MARBLE RELlEVr, MAXIMILIAN MONUMENT, INNS BRUCK 23 1 CITY WALLS OF MURTEN 235 TOWN HALL, FREIBURG 240 SAANEN, BERN 244 CITY WALLS, LUCERNE 246 ULRICH ZWINGLl 25 6 MINSTER, DERN 27 0 THALER OF 1564 (ST. GALL) 289 HIGH ALTAR, CATHEDRAL 306 ' ROUSSEATJ 32 9 PESTALOZZI 330 HALLER ·333- LAVATER 340 THE LION OF LUCERNE 344 LA HARPE .. 348 REDING. 354 DILIGENCE CROSSING THE SIUPLOlli PASS 362 INTERLAKEN, FROM THE FELSENEGG 386 POLYTECHNIKUM AT ZURICH 397 VIli:W OF SION 40 4 LAW COURTS AT LAUSANNE 40 7 "VICTIMS OF THE WORK," ST. GOTHARD TUNNEl., FROM A BAS-RELIEF BY VELA (BY SPECIAL PERMISSION OF SCULPTOR) ,PORTRAIT OF GOTFRIED KELI.ER, THE POET

!~T~RIOR Of LAU~ANl!'E C;:~T~EJ?R,~~ xxiv

TABLE

SHOWING NAlIIES (GERMAN AND FRENCII), AREAS, AND POPULATIONS 0." CANTONS.

German ~l ame. French Name.

I. Aargau ..•••.•...... •. Argovie •.••....•.••.•...... •• 543 193.000 54.000 2. AppenzeU ( tn~;rR~~~~:n Appenzell ( ~~~~:: f;;~~~~~': I~ 13.000 3· Basel Stadt ...... Bale-Ville ••..•...... •.... 14 74.000 62.000' 539.000 tt. ~:ili~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~:;~~~:~::::::::::::::::::::: 2·S [[9.000 6. St. Galler. •...•..•...... St. Gall ...... •...... 779 229,000 7. Genf ...... Gllneve (Geneva) ...... 1"9 107.000 8. Glarus "!...... Glaris ...... 267 33.000 9- Graul>iinden ...... ...... 2.774 g6.000 10. Luzern ...... Lucerne ...... 579 135.000 n. Neuenburg ...... :-leuchAtel ...... 312 109.000 12. Schaff hausen ...... Schaff house ...... n6 37.000 13. Schwyz ...... Schwyz (SChwytz)...... 351 50 •000 14. Solothurn ...... Soleure ...... 303 85,000 IS. Tessin ...... Tessin (Italian. Ticino) ...... 1.095 127.000 16. Thurgau ...... Thurgovie ...... 38[ 105.000 U t Id ObdemWald U Ie Id (Le Haut ...... 183 15.000 17· n erwa en {Mid dem.. n r'Ha en Le Bas...... 112 12,000 18. Uri ...... Uri ...... 415 17.000 19. Wallis ...... Valais ...... /2.026 102.000 20. Waadt ...... Vaud ...... 1.244 25(.000 2[. Zug ...... _ ... Zoug ...... 92 23.000 22. Ziirich ...... Zurich ...... 665 332,000

• This grand lotal of Ihe population. on Dec. I, 1888. is taken (rom the pro.. vi.ional Censqs T,\bles iS$qe!\ by \he !!wi~ Governm.ent in 188

A AI1~sta Vindelicorum, 32 Anrgau, subject land, 186 'C Ausserer Stand," Society, 320 Adams Sir F. 0., 412 Austria, 143, 146, 166; defeated Adolf of Nassau, 131 at Sempach, 172; defeated at A'.:neas Sylvius, 203, 253 N aefels, 177; renounces the Aetius defeated Huns, 45; gave Forest, 178 Savoy to Burgundy, 51 Autun, baltle of, S5 Agassiz, 14 Avars, the, 76 Agen, battle of, 20 Avenches, 97, 213; battle at, 368 Agnes of Konigsfelden, 141 Aventicutll, 14, 34. 39 Alamanni, 39,46,47, 49 Albrecht of Habsburg, 113, 120, B 131, q2 Baden (Zurich). 186 Alcuin,64 . Barbarossa, 96 Allobroges, 21 Basel. 14; treaty of, 236 ; divided, Allmend, or common land, 48, 387 126 Bayard,240 Alpinus,37 Beccaria, 294 Alpnach, bay of, 355 Bdlinzona, 188 Arilbiihl of Glarus, 176 Bern, founded, 97; defeated at Amman chosen in Uri, 127 Schosshalde, 158; forms Bur­ Am Stoss, battle of, 181 gundian Confederation. 159 : Appenzell, 181; admitted as an rules over Hasle, 163; League ally, 182; admitted as n canton, with Austria, 166; power over 237 house of Kyhurg, 166; seizes Aqure (Baden), 35 Halisburg, 186; fortifies Morat, Aqure Sex tire, battle of, 21 212 ; natural bent for rule, 245 ; Arbedo, engagement at, 188 governing families of, 320 ; Arelatisches Reich founded, 73 plun:lered by French, 351,353 ; Arnold of Brescia, reformer, 100, population, &c., 420 152 Bertha, the" Spinning Queen," Arnold von Melchthal, 120 74,86 Arnulf of Kaernthen, 76 Bertold I., Duke of Zaeringen, Arth, Battle of, 354 93 Asylum, Right of, 416, 418 Bertold V. founds Bern, 97; de­ Augusta.RauracoruDl, 35, 39 feated hy Savoy, 98 INDEX.

Bertold II., 94 Charles the Bald, 72 Bertold IV., 96 Charles the Hold, zoo, 205: Beza, 287, 290 ddeated at Grandson, 211 ; at Bibracte, baUle of, 23 Morat, 213 ; death, 21; Hituitlls, 19 Charles IV. of Germany. u, Bockenkrieg, 3i2 143 Bodmer, 334, 338 Chiavenna, 241, 346, 380 Bonivard, 273 Chillon, 109. 274 Ilorrom~nn League, 294 Christianity, introduction 0'.40 Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, Christian League, 264 293 Codex Manesse, 153 Bourbaki, General, 417 Columban, 57 Breisach, rising at. 205 Commerce, 409 Breitinger, 334, 336 Confefleration rorilled, 119 Brun, Burgomaster of Zurich , 140, Conrad I., of Germany, 77; If.• 146, 155, 157 88; III., 99 Buhenberg, Hans von, 164 ; Conradir., 114 Aflri.ln von, 206, 212 Constance, siege or, 304 Bullinger, Reformer, 268, 296 Clairvaux, monk, preach .. s Cru· Blind ob dem See, 181 sades, 99 llurgdorf,97, 166 Clovis, king of the Franks, 54 Llurgllndia Transjurana, 73 Crusades, 98 lIurgundy takes West Ifeh'elia, D 40; defeated by Huns, 50; D' Affry, 372, 376 defeated by Fr.nks, 55; two Davel, Major, 319 kingdoms of, 73 ; its wars, 200 "Delices, Les," 326 ; Iheatre Burkhard of Alamannia, 74 destroyed, 328 Burkhard of Chur-Rhretia, 78, 80. Diesbach, Nicolas von, 206 81 Divico, 20, 23 C Domo d'Ossola, 188 Caecina ravages Helvetia, 36 Dornhiihl, viclory at, 158 Campo Formio, treaty of, 347 Drachenried, engagement at, 353 Calvin, 279; his writings, 280; Drusus, 25, 32 settles at Geneva, 281 ; banished, Dufour, General, 393, 401, 415 282; founds Ihe Consistory, 283; burns Servetus. 286; his E policy, 287 ; death, 289 East Frankish realm, 72 Carlomann, 58 Eberhard the .. Quarrelsome," Carmagnola, General. 188 143; of Kyhurg, 161 Carolinum founded. 67 Education, 388, 412 Catalaunian Plain, great hattie on, Eidgenossenschaft, the, 118 45 Eight Slates League, 139, 166 Catholic League, 387 Einsiedeln, 82, 134 Catholic Reaction, 291, 294 Eishere the Giant, 62 Central GO\'ernmem, 396 Elizaheth of Hahsburg, '33 Centralists. the. 36:) .. Empty Pocket," Frederick Ihe, Chahlais, 380. 402 18, Charlemagne, 59; Emperor of Ihe Ensisheim, peace of, '97 'Vest, 60; legends concerning, Erlach, Ludwig von, 350 02; zeal for educalion, 64 Erlach, Rudolf von, 164 INDEX.

Ernest II. of 5wahia, 82 Geschworne Rrief, ISS Escalade of Geneva. 30Z Ges..ler, 121, 123 Eschenbach, 133 Giornico, victory at, IS9 Escher, 358• 375 Glarean, scholar, 254 Ewiger Bund, 129 Glarus, 141 ; 1st Lantlsgemcinde, Exports, 410 17S: defeats Austria, 177; defeated at Rapperswyl, 353 F Goelhe, 341 Gol,len League, 294 Farel, refonner, 275 Gothard, St., pa>'S, 187; tunnel, Faucigny, 380, 402 412 .. Faustrecht," the, 107 Gollerdammerung, So Federal Assembly, 396 Gotteshausbund, 184 Federal Council, 396 Grandson, bailie of, :zo8, 211 FP.deral Tribunal, 396 Grauhunden, 114. 234 ; religious Felix Martyr, 42 feuds, 3°5; massacre in, l07; Fellenberg, educationist, 374 Austrian occupation, JOlI' Ferney, 326 independence reco\·er~rl. 311 Feudalism, 103 Grauholz, conflict aI, lSI Fichte, 338 Gregory VII., I'ope, 91 Fontana, 234 GreifenS<.'C. 19-" 317 .. I'oul Peace," the, 175 Greyeu, 162, 164 Franche Comte, 215 Grey, Lady Jane, 298 Franco-German War, 417 Grey League, IS4 Franks, the, 54 Guillen"ins, the, 282 Fraubrunnen, skirmish ai, 350 Gumminen, 161 Frederick \,on Stauren, 93 Gundohad of Burgundy, 52 Fredelick I. (8arbarO!.s.'\), 105 Frederick II., 105, 127, I So H Frederick III., 190 Frederick the" Empty Pocket," Habshurg Castle, 113 lSI, ISS lIabsburg-Austria, family of, 113 Freihurg, 161, 221 Hahsburg-Laufenhurg, 113 French Revolution, 313 lIahshurg, house of, Ill, 114; Fridolin St., hanner of, at N aefels, king. of Germany, 115 177 Hadrian, Pope, 60, 63 •• Friedel" (Empty Pocket)_ 185 Hadwig, SI Ho!ri~e, the, 4S Hagenhach, Peter \'on, 204,205 G Haller, 334. 336 Gall.a, 25, 3S Hallwyl. Hans \'on, 212 Gallia Comata, 31 Harpe, La, 347, 359, 367, 372. Gall, St., 57, 62, IS2, 241, 346 3S4 Geneva, 24S; .. Children" of, Hartmann, loS, 161 27J, 285; hesieged by SaVI.y, Harsthorner, 209 276; occupied hy Bernese lIalto, Bishop, 66 army, 277; Calvin's rule in. Heer, Professor, S 28~' esc.tlade of, 302; F atio's lIeierli, II refo;ms, 322; admilted into He"-etia, 13, 31,32 league, 380; Geneva Conven­ Helvetians, 14; government, 17; tion, 415 feuds with Gernlans, IS ; victory INDEX.

over Romans, 20; defeated at • e Kappeler, MilchsuPFe," 264 Bibracte, 24; made associates Keller, Dr. Ferdinand, 3,414 by Rome, 25; split into two Keller, novelist, 154 sections, 36 ' Keller, poet, 414 Helvetic Ch,l>, 347 Kern, Swiss envoy, 400 Helvetic Republic, 352 Klaus, Bruder, 221 Heh'etic Society, the, 340, 342 Klingenberg, Henry of, 153 Henry 1., the'" City Fo~nder," Klopstock. 337, 338 80 Kloten,38 Henry II. of Germany, 87 Knonau Castle, 186; rising at, Henry III., ,88, 90, 105 227; Ludwig Meyer von, 340 Henry IV., 91, 93 Knox, 287 Henry VII., 134 Kochly. scholar, 416 Hericourt, Siege of, 208 Konigsfelden, Monastery, 133 Herpdotus, 8 Korsakow, 360,361 Hertenstein of Lucerne, 213 Kyburg Manor, 82; counts of, Hildegard, Princess; Abbess of 89 ; rise of family, 104; fall, Zurich,70 166 Hirzel, 339 Hohe Frau von Zurich, 149 L Hohenstaufen line, 107; extinc- tion, 114 " Ladle Squires," the, 274 Hooper, Bishop, 297 Lake dwellers, 5, 9, II .. Horned Council," 229 Lake dwellings, 3; construction • Hotze, 360 5; probable dates, II ; ditto in Hug, Dr. Arnold, scholar, 416 East Yorkshire, 12 Landammann, installation of, 249 Huns. 44.45 Huss, martyr, 198 Landenberg, 1:'1 Lander, the, 218 .. Landsgemeinde, 247 Latin right, 35 1m Grund, 219 Laupen, 97, 163 Imports, 410 Lausanne bishopric, 271 Initiative, the, 403 Lavater, 340, 359, 361 Innsbruck, 186 League of Perpetual Alliance, 119 International Postal Union, 415 l.emanic Republic, 349 Italian Wars, 237 Lenzburg, counts of, 89; family, 104 J Leopold, 135; defea!ed at Mor· Jacques, St., bailIe of, 191, 193, garten, 136 195 Leopold III. of Austria, 168; Jenatsch, 307, 309; stahbed, 310 defeated at Sempach, 172 John XXIII., Pope, 185 Letzinen, the. 162 Judith,72 Leventina, 188; rising in, 316 ~\ien, St., treaty of, 274 Libertines. 285 J uvalta, Anna, 30 7 Ligue a la Cassette, 316 Linth canal, 375 K " Lion of Lucerne," 346 Kaernthen. Arnulf of, 76 Locarno refugees. 295 Kappel, first hattIe. 264; second "Long Diet," 378 ditto, 267 Lorraine, kingdom of, 200 INDEX.

Lotha'r, 73, 96 Neuchiitd, 2og: rebels against Louis N apoleori, 389 Prussia, 323 : admitted to Louis Philippe, 3~9 league, 380; troubles in, 399; Louis,he Child, 76 Prussia renounces claim to, 402 Louis the German, 70 Neueneck, ellgagement at, 350 LOllis the Pious, 71 " NibelungenIied, "·5 I Louis XI., 195 Nicolas vori der Fliie, 219 Louis XtV., 312, 313 Nidau, Count of, 164 Lucerne, 140 Nidwaiden, 129 LuneviIIe, peace of, 367 Notker, chronicler, 62; Monachlls LiitzeIburg, Henry of, 133 S. Gallensis, 75 Lyons, 32 Novara, siege of, 239 Noviodunum, 33 !vi Maehren, the, 76 o Malleolus, .avant, 198, 253 Obwalden, 129 Mamelukes, the, 273 Ochs, Peter, 347, 352, 358, 367 Manesse, 142, 153 Octodurllm (Martigny), 35 Manufactures, 410 Omer, St., treaty of, 204 Marignano, 218, 240 Orcitrix, see Orgetorix Martel, Charles. 58 Orgetorix, 17; his treason and 1\1 assena, 360, 361 death,21 Maximilian, 232 Otho I., 80 I\layence, diet at, 93 Ot tokar of Steyermark, 116 . .. Mazze," the, 183 0110 of Strassberg, I J5 ; death, Mediation Act, 369 136 Meilen,3 Otto von Freysing, 151 Meistersinger, 251 Melchthal, Arnold von, i20 MermiIIod, Bishop, 402 P Milan, 187, 189. 238 Papal see, alliance with, 238 "Milchsuppe," the, 264 Paracelsus, 301 Military system, 39!! Paris, peace of, 377 Minnelieder, Ij3 Paulus Diaconus, 64 Misox, 295 Peasants' revolt, 311 Monk of SI. Gall, 62 Pepin Ie Bref, 58 1\I"rat, battle of, 212 Pestalozzi, 331, 339, 356, 366, Morg,uten, battle of, 131, 135; 374,385 another engagement at, 354 Peter Martyr, 295 MUller, historian, 124 Peter of Savoy, .. Second Charle· Murten. see Morat magne," 108; Savoy palace, Mytensiein, the; 12i log; war with Austria, 110: death, III N PHiffikon Lake, 6 Naefels, battle of, 175 Pfyffer, .. Swiss king," 293 Nancy, battle of, 215 Philip of Savoy, III Napoleon and Switzerland, 370 Pius II., 203 .. Natifs," the, 323 Planta, John von, 3"5; Rudolf, .. Negatifs," the, 322 30 7 Nel1enb~rg, counts of, 89 PolytechnikulU at Zurich, 398 INm~x.

Population, 418 Rudolf [V.• of Habsburg, 145 Postal Union, the, 415 Rudolf, .. Rector of J'urgundy," 91 R Rudolf the Guelf, 73 Railways, 410 Rudolf the Silent. 113 Rudolf von Erlach, 164 Rapinat, 36~ Rapperswyl, counts of, 104; .. Rufst du mein Vaterland," 178 skirmish at, 156; John of, RUtli. the oath on, 120, 122 156; battle at, 3:3 Raron, barons of, 182, 183 S Rauraci, 14. 33 Sahaudia (Savoy), SI Rauracian Republic, 345 Salis, Von, 305 Reding. 191, 194; advocates Salodunum (5.. leure), 35 Reislaufen, 226 Sarnen, the .. White BOlok" of, Reding of Schwyz, 353, 3S9, 367 124 Referendum, the, 403; of two Sa"oy, 98; Palace in Strand, kinds, 405 ; its working. 406 109; defeated at Visp, 182; Reformation in East S"itzerlaml, loses Lower Valais, 208; and 254; in West Switzerland. 267 Freiburg, 216; and Vaud, 277 Regensburg, peace of, 145 .. Savoyards," the. 273 Regula 'Martyr, 40 Sax·Misox, 183, 188 Reichsfreiheit. the. 126 Schaffhausen, 204, 236 Reinhard. 376. 379 Schau.nherg, 350, 355, 360 Rene of Lorraine. 208, 21S Scheffel's .. Ekkehard," til Rcngger, 365 Schindellegi, battle of, 354 Rh"'tians, 14; campaign of Schinner, Mallhaeus, 238 Drusus. 26; joined wit h East Schirnwerwandte, ISo Switzerland, 32; fall of Goths, Schmalkahlen wars, 291 S5 Schosshalde, battle of, 158 Rheinfelden manor, 91; hattie S

Wart stabs Albrecht of Hahs Zehngerichte (Bunel), 184 burg. 133 Zschokke, novelist, 374, ;':!4> Wasscrkirche (Zurich), 68. 224 414 • . \Vei;;s, '349 ' Zug, 142; exc!uded from leaguc; \Ven_~i. Nicol,s vorr, 268 - 145 ; readnlltted, 146 \Verdenherg. counts of. lOS" 176. Zugewandte,. ISo. 181 ; revolts, 316. . Zum Ranft, 219 Werner of Kyburg, ~04 · ZUnfte or guilds, 225 • . Werner Stauffacter, I~O Zurich, 60,66; abbey founded, 70• We~n. 175. 177 . 75; c1iet., 90 ; Reichsvogtei, 94; . , West Frankish realm, 72 - attacks Winterthur, 132; joins Westpha~ia, peace of, 311 Ie .gue, defeats Austrians, 142 ; Wieland, 337 Lenzburgs and Zaerings. 149; William 1 V. of Burgundy, 9S , a poet's corncr, ISS; "Mord· Willisa'.! \Iestroyed, 169 nacht," 156 ; war with Seh wyz, . Wimmis stormed, 162 .. 190, 193; gives up Austrian Winkelried, 171, 173. • Alliance, 197; revolts against Winkelriedstiftung, the, ..S Waldmann, 228; war with . \Vinlerthur, 74, 13 2 Forest. 264; religious refugees • \Yyss, Prof. Getlrg von, historian, 29S ; educational pre-elllinence, 69 398; largest Swhs city, 420 y .. Zurich putsch," 3CJC! Yorkshire, ' lake settlements in Zwingli, ~55 ; hirth, 257; called ·East, 12 to Zurich, 258; ahol.shes Reis­ Y verdon., 97 Iaufen, 260; eSlahlishes National • z Church, 262 ; with Zurich army, 264;. killed iu battle, 267, Zaeringen,house of, 95, 96; dis· solution, 101

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