Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ 1IIIIImllllllllllili GIPE-PUNE-002621 r E STOR.Y OF THE NATIONS ~ c €be ~tOtP of tbe .taations . • ~ S ITZERLAND. • • • THE STORY OF THE ~ATIONS. I. ROD. By AnTHUR GILliAN. 29. THE NORDIANS. By SARAII M.A. O({NE JEWETT • •. THE JEWS. By Prof. J. K ,;0. THE BYZAlI'TDIE EMl'IRE. HOSMER. llv C. W. C. OMAN. 3. GERlIlANY. By Rev. S. BARI""" 31. SICiLy: PhClOniciaa, Greek ""d GOULD, M.A. Roman. By Ihe lale 1'1'01. E. 4- CARTRAGE. By Prof. ALFRED A. FREEMAN. 1- CHURCH. 32. THE TUSCAll' REPU~CS. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMl'IRE. By Bv BtH.I.A Dur:F1', . Prof. J. P. MAltAFn. 33· POLAND. By W. It )IORFILL, 6. THE mOORS IJl' SPAIN. By M.A. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 31- P ARTRIA. lly Prof. GEORGE 7. AlI'CIENT EGYPT. By Prof. HAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 35· AUSTRALIAN COMMON, 8. RUNGARY. By Prof. ARMINIC. WEALTH. By GREVILLB VAIUDRI(Y. J TREGARTHE~. 9. THE SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WAlTS. GILMAN, M.A. 37. lAPAlI'. By DAVID MURRAY. 10. IRELAlI'D. By lhe Hall. EMILY Ph.D. LAWLESS. 38. SOUTH AFRICA. By GEORGB 11. CRALDEA. By ZENAiDB A. RAGOZIN. 39. vljI'Ml~Aty AI.ETHEA {VIE .. 12. THE GOTHS, By HElIRY BHAI>' 40. THE CRUSADES. By T. A. LEY. " AltCHER and C. L. ]{I)lGSFORO. 13. ASSYRIA. By ztNArDE A. RA· 41. VEDIC IJl'DIA.. By·Z. A. llA· GOZIN. GOZDl. 14. TURKEY. By STANLEY LASE· 4'. WEST INDIES and the SPAJl'ISH POOLE. MAIJl'. By JAMES RODWAY. IS. HOLLAND. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOHEMIA. By C. ED.IUND THOROLD nOGRRS. MAURICE. [M.A. 16. IlIEDLlEVAL FRANCE. By 44. THE BALKANS. ByW. M'LL.R. GUSTAVE MASSON. 45. CAlI'ADA. By Sir J. G. BOURI· 17. PERSIA. By S. G. W. llE'" NOT, LL.D. JA~IIN. 4f. BRITISH INDIA.. By R. W. 18. PHIENICIA. By Prof. GEO. FRAZER, LL.B. RAWLINSON. 47. MODERN FRAlI'CE. By AN DR';. 19- 1lIEDIA. By ZEN AiDE A. RA· La BON. GOlIN. 48. THE FRAlI'XS. By LEWIS SER· '0. THE RAlI'SA TOWNS. By GEANT. HELEN ZnUIERN. 49- AUSTRIA. By SIDNEY WHIT· 21. EARLY BRITAIN. By Prof. MAN. , ALFRED T. CHURCH. 50. MODERN ENGLAND. Before 22. THE BAItBARY CORSAIRS. Ihe Reform Bill, By JUSTIN By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. McCARTHY. 23. RUSSIA.. ByW.ll. MORFILL M.A. 51. CHIJl'A. By Prof. R. K DOUGLAs, "+ THE .JEWS UNDER THE 5'. MODERN ENGLAND. From Ihe ROMAlI'S. Bv W. D. MORRISON. Heform Bill to the Present 2S. SCOTLAlI'D. fly JOH" MAC""'· Time. Bv JnSTIN MCCARTHY. TOSH. LL.D. 53. mODERN SPAIN•. By MARTI)! 26. SWITZERLAND. Dy Mrs, LIliA . :\.. S. Hmuv.. HUG and R. STUD. 5+ MODERN ITALY. By PIElRO 27. Il!EXIOO. By SUSAN H AI.E. ORSI. 28. PORTUGAL. By H. MORSE 55. NORWAY. By H. H. B?YES.EN. STEPHENS, ;6. WALES. By O. M. ED\URD.. LoSDOll: 1;. FISlIEI< UNWIN, PATERSOS'fEII SQUAR1l, E.C. ANCIENT SWISS LAKE DWELLIM;S, ZURICH LAKE. (From lJesign /,)' Dr. F. Atller.) . S\XlITZ E RLAN D 1\., MRS. Ll~A HUG meHARD STEAD, B.A. T. FISHEl{ UNWIN 1'.\TERXosn:R S\.ll'A~E Entered at Stalioncrs' Hall By T. lo'ISH ER UNWIN RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO PROFESSOR GEORG VON WYSS AND PROFESSOR G. MEYER VON KNONAU -PREFACE. FOR many reasons, some of which are obvious to the least thoughtful, the history of Switzerland is peculiarly interesting, and not least so to English­ speaking peoples. In the first place, the" playground of Europe" is every year visited by large numbers of British and Americans, some of whom indeed are familiar with almost every comer of it. Then to the Anglo.Saxon race the grand spectacle of a handful of freemen nobly stt'uggling for and maintaining their freedom, often amidst enormous difficulties, and against appalling odds, cannot but be heart-stirring. To the citize"n of the great American republic a study of the constitution of the little European republic should bring both interest and profit-a constitution resembling in many points that of his own country. and' yet in many other respects so different. And few readers, of whatever nationality, can, we think, peruse this story without a feeling of admiration for a gallant people who have fought against oppression as the Swiss have fought, who have loved freedom as they x PREFACE. have loved it, and who have performed the well-nil incredible feats of arms the Switzers have performf And as Sir Francis O. Adams and Mr. Cunningha well point out in their recently published work on t Swiss Confederation, as a study in constitutional h tory, the value of the story of the development of t Confederation can hardly be over-estimated. Few of the existing accounts of Swiss history whi have appeared in the' English language go ba, beyond the year 1291 A.D., the date of the earlif Swiss League, and of course Switzerland as a nati, cannot boast of an earlier origin. But surely sar account should be given of the previous history of t men who founded the League. For a country whi has been occupied at different periods by lakem( Helvetians, and Romans; where Alamanni, Burgu dians, and Franks have played their parts; whe Charlemagne sojourned and ruled, and Charles tl Bold fought; where the great families of the Zaerin~ the Kyburgs, anCl Savoy struggled; and whence tl now mighty house of Habsburg sprang (and don neered)--all this before 1291-a ~ollntry with such story to tell of its earlier times, we, say, should f1 have that story left untold. Accordingly in tl volume the history of the period before the formati of the Confederation has been dwelt upon at sO! little length. It should be mentioned, too, that view of the very general interest caused bYe t remarka.ble discovery of the Swiss lake settlemel a few years ago, a chapter has been devoted to t subject l\iindful,however, of the superior importance oft PREFACE. xi formation and prog~ess of the Confederation, an en­ deavour has been made to trace that progress step by step, showing how. ,mel) differing in race, in language, in creed, and in mod'c! -of life, combined to resist the common en~my, and to ~ buildup the ~ompact little state, we now :;ee plaYlng i~s part on 'the European stage. The whole teaching of the history of the country may be summed up in Mr. Coolidge's words, in his" Bistory of the Swiss Confederation" (p. 65). "Swiss history teaches, us, all the way through, that Swiss liberty has _,been won by a -close union of many small states." And Mr. Coolidge adds an opinion that II it will be bes.t preserved by the same means, and not by obliterating all. local peculiarities, nowhere so striking, nowhere so historically impor- tant as in Switzerland." ' It remains to add a few ,Words as to the authorities consulted by the write~s of this little volume. The standard Swiss histories have naturally been largely used, such as those of Dr. Carl Dlindliker, Dierauer, Vulliemin, Daguet,. Strickler, Vogelin, and Weber (" Universal Histgry"). Amongst other histories and miseellaneoils writings-essays, pamphlets, and what not-may be mentioned those of Dr. Ferdinand Keller, Wartmann, Heer, HeierIi, Von Arx, Mommsen, Burkhardt, Morel, Marquardt, Dahn, BUdinger, Secretan, Von Wyss, Meyer von Knonau, OecJlsli, Schweizer, Fins~er, Roget, Bachtold, Marc­ monnier, Rambert, Hettner, Scherer, Roquette, Frey­ tag, Pestalozzi, Schulze, and Kern. Amongst the English works consulted ar~ Freeman's writings, the Letters of the Parker Society, Adams and Cunning- xii PREFACE. ham's" Swiss Confederation," Coolidge's reprint from the" EncyclopOEdia Britannica" of the article on the II History of the Swiss Confederation," Bryce's" Holy Roman Empire," &c. The authors are indebted for most kind and valu­ able assistance to several eminent Swiss scholars. To Prof. Georg von \Vyss and Prof. Meyer von Knonau special thanks ate due, whilst Prof. Kesselring, Herr J. Heierli, and others, have shown much helpful in­ terest in the progress of the work. They also owe many thanks to Dr. Imhoof, who has most kindly furnished them with casts from his famous collection of coins j and to the eminent sculptors, Vela and Lanz, who have given permission to use photographs of their latest works for illustration purposes. ZURICH and FOLKESTONE,J"9', 1890. CO~TENTS rI:.U.\.C£ • xiii TARLE SHOWING N.Ul~ A!tL~ AND l\)pllL\."%"IONS OF C.\.:lrTONS • ni,. I. Tlltl Lu.& D"-ElluS I-U Dt;..~ .>t La~ So,ttkmcnts-Dr. F_liMnd Kdltt's u· pb:tt........ -~ tli>tin... t q>t~-hs-nulJ lili: of !hoe LakdllO!tl -Lak~ s.ettkmoents': E.t:st \'~ u. Eslrot ol thdr lenitOlT-T"'~ !!,'wmmmt ud n""k ol Ii~ -Otgoct<>rix-Din.:-o ~IS I~ R'_II "'lIttS-C~ routs Ild~-Vm.i~OOs.-'·~ns-Rlm~ III. Han:n.\ tlNDE.R THE Ru."A!\."$. ltHl C~$ _..toe ol do:sling with ll~-AIIi>_ ....'-lIdYdia inn~"'_N inl\ll G~1lI - \"~<Wl-Abawml and Bv­ ~Chri>tu.mtr introJ~l. xiv CONTENTS. PAGE IV. THE ANCESTOR& OF THE SWISS· NATION 44-57 The Huns and their ravages-Alamanni-Burgundians-"Thc Nibelungcplied "-The Franks subdue both Alamanni and Burgundians-lrish monks preach in Switzelland. V. THE CAROLlNGl.\NS -CHARLEMAGNE Pepin Ie Bref-Charlemagne-His connection with Zurich. VI. THE KINGDOM OF BURGUNDY; THE DUCHY OF SWABIA; AND THE GERJIIAN EMPIRE 71-82 Division of Charlemagne's territory into three-Rudolf the Guelf-Swabian Dukes-Genealogical tables. VII. B(lRGUNDY AND ~WABIA UNDER THE GERMAN EMPERORS • 85-94 Bertha, the" Spinning Queen "-Her son Conrad-Helvetia in close connection with Gerl11any-I~enry IlI.-Strllggle with the Papal power.