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Curriculum for B.Sc. Degree in Geology 100 Level Harmattan

Curriculum for B.Sc. Degree in Geology 100 Level Harmattan

Curriculum for B.Sc. Degree in

100 Level Harmattan Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 101 Introduction to Geology I - 2 C BIO 101 Basic Biology I - 3 C BIO 107 Experimental Biology I - 1 C CHM 101 General Chemistry I - 3 C CHM 107 Experimental Chemistry I - 1 C MTH 101 Elementary Mathematics I - 3 C PHY 101 General Physics I - 3 C PHY 107 Experimental Physics I - 1 C CIT 111 Introduction to Information & - 2 R Communication Technology GNS 101 Use of English I - 2 R LIB 101 Use of Library - 1 R Total 22 100 Level Rain Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 102 Introduction to Geology II - 2 C BIO 102 Basic Biology II - 3 C BIO 108 Experimental Biology II - 1 C CHM 102 General Chemistry II - 3 C CHM 108 Experimental Chemistry II - 1 C MTH 102 Elementary Mathematics II - 3 C PHY 102 General Physics II - 3 C PHY 108 Experimental Physics II - 1 C CIT 112 Introduction to Computer - 2 C Programming GNS 102 Use of English II - 2 C STA 104 Statistical Computing I - 2 C Total 23 200 Level Harmattan Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 201 Physical Geology GLG 101, 2 C GLG 102 GLG 203 & Systematic GLG 101, 3 C GLG 102 GLG 205 Geological Map Interpretation GLG 101, 2 C & Field Mapping GLG 102 CHM 203 Analytical Chemistry - 2 C CHM 205 Physical Chemistry I - 2 C CHM 207 Inorganic Chemistry I - 2 C STA 201 Statistics for Physical Sciences & - 4 C Engineering Students GNS 201 Nigerian Peoples and culture - 2 R FRN 221 Basic French - 2 R Total 21

200 Level Rain Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 202 Invertebrate Palaeontology GLG 102, BIO 2 C 101 & 102 GLG 204 Resources - 2 C GLG 206 Introduction to GLG 101, 3 C GLG 102 GLG 208 Introduction to Surveying - 2 C PHY 214 Physics of the Solid Earth - 2 C PHY 212 General Physics III (Energy & - 1 C Environment) MTH 202 Elementary Differential Equation - 2 C I EPS 202 Entrepreneurship Studies - 2 R GNS 202 Osun Peoples and culture - 2 R FRN 222 French for Specific Purposes - 2 R Total 21

300 Level Harmattan Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 301 Optical and Determinative GLG 203 2 C Mineralogy GLG 303 Igneous Petrology GLG 206 2 C GLG 305 Photogeology and Remote GLG 205 2 C Sensing GLG 307 Introductory GLG 206 2 C GLG 309 and Sedimentary GLG 208 2 C Petrology GLG 311 GLG 101, 2 C GLG 102 GLG 313 Mining Geology and Drilling - 2 C STA 105 Statistical Inference - 4 C GNS 301 Entrepreneurial Skills - 2 R Development and Practice TOTAL 20

300 Level Rain Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite GLG 302 GLG 101, 2 C GLG 102 GLG 304 Metamorphic Petrology - 3 C GLG 306 GLG 205 3 C GLG 308 Stratigraphic Principles and GLG 101, 2 C Practice GLG 102 GLG 310 Principles of - 2 C GLG 312 Paleobiology GLG 101, 2 C GLG 102 GLG 314 Geology Mapping Techniques - 3 C GLG 316 GLG 204 2 C GNS 302 Introduction to Logic and - 2 R Philosophy Total 21

400 Level Harmattan Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 401 Advanced Igneous and GLG 303, 2 C Metamorphic Petrology GLG 304 GLG 403 Micropalaeontology and GLG 202 3 C Palaeoecology GLG 405 Applied Geophysics GLG 304, 3 C PHY 214 GLG 413 Mineral Exploration - 3 C GLG 415 GLG 101, 2 C GLG 102 GLG 497 Seminar In Geology - 2 C Electives: One of the following GLG 407 Regional Structural Geology and GLG 306 2 E GLG 409 Advanced Sedimentary Petrology GLG 309 2 E

GLG 411 Petroleum Geology - 3 E Total 18/19

400 Level Rain Semester

Course Code Course Title Pre- Units Status requisite

GLG 402 Precambrian Geology GLG 303, 2 C GLG 304, GLG 306 GLG 404 Geology of Nigeria GLG 205, 2 C GLG 399 GLG 408 Principles of and - 2 C Isotopic Geology GLG 412 Geology of Industrial GLG 204 2 GLG 497 Independent Mapping Exercise - 3 C GLG 499 Project in Geology - 6 C Electives: One of the following - GLG 406 Sedimentary Depositional GLG 308 2 E Environment and Basins of Africa GLG`410 GLG 101, 3 E GLG 204 Total 19/20

Course Description (B.Sc. Geology)

GLG 101 - Introductory Geology I: L1T0P3 (2 Units) Definition of Geology and relationship with other sciences. The solar system; internal structure of the earth. Physical geology and physiographic features of the Earth. Earthquakes phenomena, plates and plate movements / seafloor spreading. The earth materials - minerals and rocks. Minerals: their physical and chemical properties, classification, description and identification; Rocks as aggregates of minerals, their origin, classification and description. Identification of simple types in the laboratory and in the field. The rock cycle and plate tectonics.

GLG 102: Introduction to Geology II: L1T0P3 2 Units External processes, , , deposition and the formation of sedimentary rocks. Principles of Uniformitarianism, faunal , cross-cutting relationship and superposition. Theory of evolution of organisms. Distribution and classification of major fossil groups and their occurrence and uses. Principles of : introduction to fossils, and dating of rocks. Relative and absolute time in geology, . Short excursions during week-days to study external processes. GLG 201: Physical Geology L1T1P0 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

Origin of the earth and other planets. The nature of Earth’s interior: from core to crust. Mountains and mountain belts. Volcanoes, volcanic forms and processes, earthquakes and their causes in the context of Plate tectonics. Weathering, erosion, Mass movement, transportation and deposition of by running surface water, groundwater, glacier and wind. Soils and soil profile and factors affecting soils in different climatic settings. Identification of common rock forming minerals and rocks.

GLG 202 : Invertebrate L2T0 P3 (2 Units) ( Pre-requisite : GLG 102, BIO 101& 102)

Principles of taxonomy- nomenclature and classification. Major Invertebrate fossil groups- Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, Hermichordata, Graptholoidea and others; their morphology, classification, ecology, stratigraphic distribution and evolutionary trends. Index fossils

GLG 203: Crystallography and Systematic Mineralogy. L2T0 P3 (3 Units)

( Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

The nature of minerals. Crystals and elements of symmetry, crystal forms and the Crystallographic system; atomic substitution and solid solution in minerals. Isomorphism, polymorphism and pseudomorphism. Classification of minerals and systematic description and identification of common rock forming minerals

GLG 204: Mineral Resources L1T1P0 ( 2 units)

Earth Resources: Mineral occurrences and deposits. Origin of mineral deposits. Classification of mineral deposits. Metallic, industrial, fossil fuels and construction minerals (clays, sands and stones). Evaluation of quarrying of construction materials. Utilisation of economic minerals and energy resources

GLG 205:- Geological Map Interpretation and Field Mapping: L1T1P3 (2 units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

Topographic maps and their properties; profiles and cross sections. Geological maps and their properties. Interpretation of simple geological maps involving the thickness of strata and the geometrical forms of outcrops. The interpretation of published Nigerian geological maps and the drawing of simple geological sections. Local field excursions to identify and describe different rock types and structures. Measurement of simple geological structures and plotting of data on base maps. GLG 206: Introduction to Petrology L1T1 P3( 3 Units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

Principal igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The rock cycle reviewed. Magmas and the origin of igneous rocks. Crystallization of basaltic magma. Textures of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Characteristics and classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary processes and formation of sedimentary rocks. Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks. The types of metamorphism. Field and laboratory identification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

GLG 208: Introduction to Surveying L1T0P6 (2 Units)

Introduction to surveying instruments and methods. Methodologies and techniques of linear and aerial surveying and geological and mining evaluation

GLG 301 – Optical and Determinative Mineralogy: L2T0P3 (3 Units). (Pre-requisite :GLG 203)

Minerals and their physical properties. The nature and Properties of light. The refraction of light. The petrological microscope; minerals under the microscope; incident and reflected light, Description and identification of common rock forming minerals under the microscope.

GLG 302: Hydrogeology L1T1P0 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

History and scope of Hydrogeology. The Hydrologic cycle. Occurrence of ground water under different geologic conditions. Hydrologic processes, variable water budget. Elementary theory of ground water flow; Darcy’s law, conductivity, transmissivity of aquifers. Groundwater maps and flow nets. Methods of groundwater exploration and development in different geological terrains. Water well drilling techniques. Quality of water; radiochemistry and microbiological quality of ground water. Presentation and interpretation of results of chemical analysis. Groundwater quality standards, pollution and ground water quality protection strategies. Ground water in Nigeria.

GLG 303 – Igneous Petrology: L1T0P3 (2 Units). (Pre-requisite : GLG 206) Magmas; their origin and characteristics; magmas and igneous rocks; Bowen’s reaction series; variety and Classification of igneous rocks; Sources of magmas (basaltic, granitic, etc.), plate tectonics and environments of magma generation; associations; rocks of extreme composition (nephelinites, carbonatite,etc). The Older and Younger Granites of Nigeria. Charnockitic rocks of Nigeria.

GLG 304: Metamorphic Petrology L1T0P3 ( 3 units) Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks. Types of metamorphism. Classification of metamorphic rocks. Physico-chemical processes in metamorphism. Equilibrium and the phase rule. Textures of metamorphic rocks. Classical concepts in metamorphism: and facies series. Winkler’s classification; Composition assemblage diagrams. Metamorphism associated with various plate margins. Study of thin sections of common metamorphic rocks. (Pre-requisite : GLG 206)

GLG 305 – Photogeology and Remote Sensing : L1T0P3 (2 Unit) (Pre-requisite : GLG 205)

Remote Sensing defined. Types of platforms: Satellite Images, SLAR, Aerial Photography: stereoscopy; measuring and plotting instruments in photogeology and their procedures. The principles of interpretation of aerial photos; the factors that affect results. The application of remote sensing in reconnaissance mapping, economic mineral and water resources investigation. Interpretation of Satellite images and aerial photographs

GLG 306 – Structural Geology: L2T0P3 (3 Units). (Pre-requisite : GLG 205)

Nature of structural Geology. Stress and strain in rocks. Determination of Strain in rocks. Recognition, classification and significance of faults and joints. Folds their recognition, description and measurement; Geometric analysis of folds; classification of folds. Kinematics and dynamics of folding. Foliations; Description and classification of foliation; Axial plane foliation, transposed foliation; Origin and significance of foliations in metamorphic tectonites. Stereographic projection of structural data.

GLG 307 - Introductory Geochemistry: L1T1P0 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 206) Definition and scope of Geochemistry. Geochemical cycles. Elemental abundance and distribution in sun, meteorite and earth. Controls and elements movement during magmatic and metamorphic processes. Geochemistry of aqueous systems Elements distribution during sedimentary processes. Geochemical sampling.

GLG 308: Stratigraphy Principles and Practice L1T1P0 ( 2 units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

Stratigraphic Principles: Uniformitarianism, superposition, fauna and floral succession and cross-cutting relationships, Basic stratigraphic relations: Definition of terms-layers, , lamina, bed and fissility; stratification- breaks in stratigraphic records- diasterm, hiatus, and unconformity. Types of unconformities and recognition. Special types of stratification- cross bedding, graded bedding, varves, cyclotherm. Stratigraphic criteria; facies and facies changes- Walthers’Law of facies. Sedimentary depositional environment, their classification, importance and recognition. Correlation: meaning and criteria for correlation. Stratigraphic classification, Time Stratigraphy and Geologic time scale. Stratigraphic maps- isopach, isolith, facies maps, ratio contour maps. GLG 309 – Sedimentology and Sedimentary Petrology: L2T0P3 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 208*)

Weathering, transportation and deposition of particles. Textures of clastic sediments, concepts of size, grade, scales. Methods of grain-size analysis. Grain size distribution and interpretation. Shape, roundness, fabric and surface texture of clastics grains. Porosity and permeability. Non-clastic materials; transportation and deposition. Composition and classification of sedimentary rocks, Microscope studies of heavy minerals fractions. Sedimentary structures; study of diagnostic processes; common sedimentary rocks.

GLG 310 – Principles of Geophysics L1T1P0 (2 Units) Physical properties of rocks and materials and their measurement. The nature and scope of geophysics. Principles of the gravity, magnetic, seismic, radiometric, electric and resistivity methods. Data acquisition and their interpretation.

GLG 311: Marine Geology L1T1P0 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

Historical development in marine sciences. Topography of the ocean basin - continental margin, ocean floor and Ridge. Origin of ocean basin and plate tectonics. Methods of acquisition of marine data. Sources of marine sediments, distribution and sedimentary processes. Biological productivity in marine environment and factors affecting it. Basic oceanography and ocean resources

GLG 312: Palaeobiology L1T1P0 (2 units)(Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

Meaning of fossils and uses, palaeobiological principles, taxonomy, taxonomic principles. Fossil communities/assemblages, field observation and sampling. Evolution model as Palaeontologic model, causes and distribution patterns of individuals in a population, species diversity. Criteria for recognizing fluid dynamic conditions of the environment . adaptive and functional morphology. Statistical data analysis of Palaeontologic data.

GLG 313: Mining Geology and Drilling (2 units)

Definition and scope of mineral exploration; mode of occurrence and factors controlling deposition; concept of ore search; reconnaissance and detailed exploration techniques- geological, geochemical and geophysical; types of drilling and machinery used in drilling; ore researve estimation and classification; mining, methods of mining and facors controlling choice of mining methods; geological mapping and surveying of open-pit and underground mines; introduction to mineral economics; and mineral rights and minning laws.

GLG 314: Geology Mapping Techniques: (3 units)

Three weeks field training in basement area (igneous and metamorphic rocks ) as well as area of sedimentary rocks. Identification and description of different rock types. Description and measurement of small-scale structural elements; folds, foliations, lineation etc. Plotting of data in the field. Description of sedimentary rocks and sampling for laboratory study. Preparation of geological report. Students will spend two months in the field during the Harmattan semester. Field mapping and report make up 40% of the assessment

GLG 316- Economic Geology: L2T0P3 (2 Units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 204)

Principles and processes of formation of mineral deposits. Ground preparation and ore localization. Wall-rock alteration, paragenesis and zoning in mineral deposits. Ore textures: classification and distribution of mineral deposits. Metallic mineral deposits: ferrous, ferroalloy, non-ferrous and precious metals. Non-metallic mineral deposits and their classification. Metallogenic belts and epochs related to Plate tectonics. Mineral deposits of Nigeria.

GLG 401: Advanced Igneous and Metamorphic petrology L1T1P3 (2 units)

Case studies in igneous petrology. Geology and geochemistry of layered igneous complexes and evolution of major igneous associations including the Older and Younger granites of Nigeria. Metamorphic reactions, phase equilibra. Review of results of experimental petrology. The Nigerian basement complex. (Pre-requisite : GLG 303 & 304)

GLG 402 : Precambrian Geology L2T0P0 ( 2 Units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 303, 304 & 306)

Geology and evolution of Precambrian domains and rocks, with special reference to Africa. Radiometric age determination

GLG 403 – Micropaleontology & Paleoecology: L2T0P3 (3 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 202)

Microfossils defined. Preservation of animal and plants (microfossils). Sample collection and, preparation. Morphological classification. Paleontology, paleoecology and geological history of major microfossil groups – foraminifera, ostracoda and conodonts. Elementary treatment of spores and pollen and organic-walled microplankton (dinoflagellate cyst, acritarchs, etc.). relationship of palynomorphs to sedimentation. Applied Micropaleontology and palynology and their importance in applied Geology.

GLG 404 : Geology of Nigeria: L1T1P0 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 205 or GLG 399)

Study of the evolution, structure and stratigraphy of the Nigerian sedimentary basins. The pre-Cambrian of Nigeria and the adjacent terrains. The tectonic evolution of the Nigerian basement and sedimentary basins. Mineral deposits of Nigeria. A two-week excursion to the main geological units and mineral deposits of the country.

GLG 405: Applied Geophysics L2T0P3 (3 Units)

(Pre-requisite: GLG 304 or PHY 214)

Fundamentals of seismic, gravity, magnetics and electrical methods, emphasizing the interpretation of geophysical data related to applied geology

GLG 406: Sedimentary Depositional Environments and Basins of Africa L2T1P0 ( 2 Units)

(Pre-requisite: GLG 308)

Meaning of sedimentary environment, process –response model, facies concept. Methods of environmental diagnosis. Classification of sedimentary environment- continental, transitional and marine. Sedimentary patterns of the different environments and their recognition. Origin of sedimentary basin, types/classification. Sedimentary basins of Nigeria and other parts of Africa, Stratigraphy, sedimentary patterns and economic prospects associated with different sedimentary basins.

GLG 407: Regional Structural Geology and Global Tectonics L1T1P0 (2 Units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 306)

Review of theories of mountain building from classical orogenesis to continental drift and plate tectonics. Oceanic crust, upper mantle and ophiolitic sequences. Continental crust – composition, and evolution, absolute and relative plate motion. Consequences and constraints of plate boundaries. Plate tectonics and mantle convection. Study of modern plate boundaries and evidence for the Interpretation of the Pan – African belts in terms of plate tectonic processes.

GLG 408: Principle of Geochronology and Isotopic Geology (2 units)

Principles of isotopes geology and methods of isotopic age determination.

GLG 409: Advanced Sedimentary Petrology L1T0P3 ( 2 Units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 309)

Provenance of sediments, types, diagenesis and sedimentation processes. Quantitative and statistical analyses of textural and compositional parameters and reconstruction of sedimentary environment.

GLG 410 – Environmental Geology: L1T1P0 (3 Units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 101 or GLG 204) Fundamental concepts in environmental geology. Earth material and processes. Hazardous earth processes and their remedies: Flooding, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic activities, coastal hazards. Man-made hazards and man’s impact on environment: mining, engineering works- road and rail road, oil pollution, Industrial and municipal waste disposal and surface and groundwater pollution. Oil pollution with particular emphasis on the Niger Delta. Waste disposal systems. Geologic aspects of environmental health

GLG 411:Petroleum Geology L2T0P3( 3 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 308)

Origin of hydrocarbon and the theories, source rocks, reservoirs, traps, seals and their classifications. Properties and classification of crude oil. Migration and accumulation of petroleum, distribution of hydrocarbon deposits and fields. Subsurface maps and illustrations . Exploration methods, reserve evaluation. Drilling and well completion operations. The Niger Delta province

GLG 412: Geology of Industrial Minerals L1T0P3 ( 2 units)

(Pre-requisite : GLG 204)

Geology, distribution, and utilization of economic mineral and energy resources. Definition and classification of non-metallic minerals. Geology and exploration methods of construction materials. Ceramic materials, dimension stones, chemical and refractory minerals. Reserve evaluation and quarrying methods. Fossil fuels; surface and underground water . Pollution and its sources, hazards and control. Prediction and control of geologic hazards

GLG 413 : Mineral Exploration :L2T1P0 (2 units) Geochemical and geophysical methods in mineral exploration. Approaches to mining; role of geological factors in mining and mine development; Mining methods. Underground geological mapping and mine surveying; pre grade control. World supply and demand of minerals; metal prices and mineral marketing; mapping legislation, mineral rights royalties, Environmental impact of mining.

GLG 414 : Advanced Mineralogy L1T1P0 (2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 301)

Optical and x-ray properties and structures of minerals. Systematic mineralogy including crystal chemistry.

GLG 415 : Engineering Geology L1T1P0 ( 2 Units) (Pre-requisite : GLG 101 & GLG 102)

The and the engineer. Engineering properties of soils and rocks. Strength and failure in rocks, Engineering Geology in the solution of problems usually encountered during the design and/or construction of highways, dams, foundations, slopes and embankments. Soil classification, permeability tests, compressibility of soils. Triaxial compression test. Unconfined compression test. Rock as an engineering material. Excavations in soils and rocks. Quarries and construction materials. Erosion problems.

GLG 497 – Seminar in Geology: (2 Units)

Literature search, write-up and presentation of seminar on a chosen geological topic. This is to be selected by the students in consultation with staff and to be carried out under the supervision of relevant staff.

GLG 497: Independent Mapping Exercise: (3 Units)

This is a field based programme during the long vacation and is supervised by staff members.

GLG 499: Project: 6 Units

An independent research project selected on the basis of student’s interest and supervised by staff, involving field, laboratory and library studies and the preparation of a dissertation.

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