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Geological Survey WASHINGTON . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. HENRY LANDES, STA TE GEOLOGIST. VOLUME I. ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1901. OLYMPIA, WA.Sa: GWIN HICKS, . STATE PRINTER, 1902. (} • BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. HENRY McBRIDE, Preaident. Governor of Washington. C. w. MAYNA.RD, Secretary. Treasurer of Washington. F. P. GRAVES, President of the University of Washington. E. A. BRYAN, President of the Washington Agrtoultural College and School of Soienoe. STA.FF OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. HENRY LANDES, • . State Geologist. Professor of Geology, University of Washington. SOLON SHEDD, • Geologist. Professor of Geology, Washington Agrioultural College and Sohool of Soienoe. w. s. THYNG, . Geol<Jg-ist. Professor of Mining Engineering, Washington Agrtoultural College and School of Science. D. A. LYON, Geol<Jgist. Late Professor ot Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Washington. • LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. To His Excellency, HENRY McBRIDE, Governor of the State of Washing­ ton and President of the Board of Geological Survey: Srn-I have the honor to present herewith the annual report of the State Geological Survey for the year 1901. It embraces a preliminary account of the geology and mineral resources of the state, to which is added a bibliography of the literature re­ ferring to Washington geology. It is hoped that this report, while very general in its nature, may serve as a basis for more elaborate and detailed reports in future years. Very respectfully, HENRY LANDES, State Geologist. UNIVEBSITY OF W ASBING'l'ON, SJIIATTLE, March, 1902. CONTENTS. PART I. PAGEi, CREATION OF A STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,, BY HENRY LANDES, 3 Introduction . • . 3 The:La.w Establishing the Survey. 4 Organization of the Board of Geological Survey. 5 Field Work of 1901. 6 Office Work. 8 Expenses ot the Geological Survey.. 9 AN OUTLINE OF THE GEOLOGY OF W ASRINGTON, BY HENRY LANDES •.... ···••·•·••••····••·· ...•...•..•• . • ..•.•...•...• 11 Topography . 1l Olympic Mountains . 12 Puget Sound Ba.sin. • . 13 Cascade Mountains......................... ... .. .......... 14 Okanogan Highlands . 15 Columbia Plain . 15 Blue Mountains. 16 Geological Formations ............. ............ ..... :......... 17 Metamorphic R.ocks.............................. ........... 17 Gneiss.................................................... 18 Schist. ......... .......................... ..... ....... 18 Crystalline Limestone . 20 Quartzite . 21 Igneous Rocks . 21 Granite ................... ............................ ... 22 Basalt . 24 Andesite......... ........................................ 27 Serpentine. 27 Sedimentary R.ocks . ..... ............... .. :·. 28 Pre-Cretaceous Period . 29 Cretaceous Period . 30 Tertiary Period. 80 Eocene Epoch. 81 Miocene Epoch . 33 Pliocene Epoch . • . 84 Quaternary Period ............ ....... , . 34 Pleistocene Epoch . 34 vi Contents. PART II. PAGJ!l. THE METALLIFEROUS RE.SOURCES OF W ASBINGTON ExCEPT lRoN, BY HENRY LANDES, WM. S. THYNG, D. A. LYON AND MILNOR RoBERTS ....• •..•• •• , . • . • . • . • • • . • . 39 Introduction . 39 Stevens County......................... 42 Northport District. .... ........ .. ... .. .. ............ 43 Myers Fa.Us District . 44 Fla.t C1·eek District . 44 Colville District . 45 Chewela.h, District . 45 Springda.le District . 46 Cedar Canyon District . 46 Ferry County . 50 Republic District . 52 Lincoln County . 60 Oka.nogan County. 61 Wauconda District......... .. ................... .. .. .... 62 Myers Creek District . .. .. .. 64 Palmer Mountain District. 66 Conconully District . 70 Moses District . 72 Upper Metbow District . 73 Twisp District . 74 Squaw Creek District . 75 Whatcom County . 78 Mount Baker District...................................... 79 Slate Creek District...... 83 Skagit County . 88 Thunder Creek District.......... 89 Bald Mountain District . 90 Chelan County . 90 Horseshoe Basin District. 91 Bridge Creek District........... ............. ............ 92 Railroad Creek District........... ...... ...... ..... ..... 92 Peehastin District . 94 Snohomish County. 98 Darrington District . 99 Stilaguamish District ........................ ........ .. .. 101 Monte Cristo District ..... ..... .. .................... 108 Silver Creek District....... ..................... ..... ... 111 Index District.............................................. 114 King County . ...... .......... .............................. .. 120 Kittitas County ...... .. ........... ... ...... ............. 125 Swauk District ............................ ........ ... 125 Content,. vii MetallUeroue Resources -Continued: uG•. Pierce County.. .•.......................................... 121 Carbon River District ...................................... 121 Lewis and Skamania Counties ............ .................... 131 St. Helens District ..........•............................. 131 REDUCTION PLANTS IN W ASRINGTON...•.••.••.•... , ••..•..• , .. , • 136 Smelting Works . 136 Chlorination and Cyanidation Plants. 147 Stamp M1lls ( Amalgamation ) . 150 Arrastrae . 152 Concentrators and Combination Plants ............ .... ...... 164 PART III. THE NON-METALLIFEROUS RESOURCES OF WASHINGTON, ExOEPT COAL, BY HENRY LANDES... 161 Building and Ornamental Stones.. .. .. ........ 161 Introduction .... ............................................ 161 Granite Quarries ............................................. 164 Index ..................................................... 164 Spokane . 165 Medical Lake . 165 Snake River . 165 Sandstone Quarries . 166 Chuckanut............ 166 Suoia Island . 167 Tenino .. .............................................. .... 167 Wilkeson ....... ....... ......................... ... ..... 170 Serpentine Quarries . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 170 Valley ..................................... ............. 170 Marble Quarries . ............ .............................. .. 172 Stevena County ........................................... 172 Clay Materials ........ .................. ...................... 173 Introduction ............... .................................. 173 Denny Clay Company . ............................... ....... 174 Little Falls Fire Clay Company ..................... ........ 178 Washington Brick, Lime and Manufacturing Company...... 182 Limestone . ..
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