Geological Time Scale Lecture Notes
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Work Hours Calendar Work Hours Calendar
Work Hours Calendar Work Hours Calendar EMPLOYEE: DATES (Dates entered in this calendar, e.g., April–July 2016) EMPLOYER: START OF WORKWEEK: PAY: (Sunday / Monday / Tuesday / etc.) (Hourly / Tips / Salary / Piece Rate) Minimum Wage Generally, you must be paid at least the federal minimum wage for all the time that you work, whether you are paid by the hour, the day, or at a piece rate. Overtime & Regular Rate If you are not an exempt employee, you must receive time and one-half your regular rate of pay after 40 hours of work in a seven-day workweek. Regular rate includes most compensation, including non-discretionary bonuses and shift differentials. Misclassification Some employers misclassify workers who are employees under the law as something other than employees, sometimes calling them “independent contractors.” When this happens, the workers do not receive certain workplace rights and benefits, such as the minimum wage and overtime pay, to which they are legally entitled. Recordkeeping Generally, you should know that your employer must keep records of all wages paid to you and of all hours you worked, no matter where the work is done. Similarly, we recommend that you keep your own records of all the hours you work and of your pay. We recommend that you keep all your pay 1 stubs, information your employer gives you or tells you about your pay rate, how many hours you worked, including overtime, and other information on your employer’s pay practices. This work hours calendar should help you keep as much information as possible. Em ployers must pay employees for all the time worked in a workday. -
GE OS 1234-101 Historical Geology Lecture Syllabus Instructor
G E OS 1234-101 Historical Geology Lecture Syllabus Instructor: Dr. Jesse Carlucci ([email protected]), (940) 397-4448 Class: MWF, 10am -10:50am, BO 100 Office hours: Bolin Hall 131, MWF, 11am ± 2pm, Tuesday, noon - 2pm. You can arrange to meet with me at any time, by appointment. Textbook: Earth System History by Steven M. Stanley, 3rd edition. I will occasionally post articles and other readings on blackboard. I will also upload Power Point presentations to blackboard before each class, if possible. Course Objectives: Historical Geology provides the student with a comprehensive survey of the history of life, and major events in the physical development of Earth. Most importantly, this class addresses how processes like plate tectonics and climate interact with life, forming an integrated system. The first half of the class focuses on concepts, and the second on a chronologic overview of major biological and physical events in different geologic periods. L E C T UR E SC H E DU L E Aug 27-31: Overview of course; what is science? The Earth as a planet Stanley (pg. 244-247) Sep 5-7: Earth materials, rocks and minerals Stanley (pg. 13-17; 25-34) Sep 10-14: Rocks & minerals continued; plate tectonics. Stanley (pg. 3-12; 35-46; 128-141; 175-186) Sep 17-21: Geological time and dating of the rock record; chemical systems, the climate system through time. Quiz 1 (Sep 19; 5%). Stanley (pg. 187-194; 196-207; 215-223; 232-238) Sep 24-28: Sedimentary environments and life; paleoecology. Stanley (pg. 76-80; 84-96; 99-123) Oct 1-5: Biological evolution and the fossil record. -
GEOL 1104 Historical Geology
Administrative Master Syllabus Course Information Course Title Historical Geology Laboratory Course Prefix, Num. and Title GEOL 1104 Division Life Sciences Department Geology Course Type Academic WCJC Core Course Course Catalog Description This laboratory-based course accompanies GEOL 1304, Historical Geography. Laboratory activities will introduce methods used by scientists to interpret the history of life and major events in the physical development of Earth from rocks and fossils. Pre-Requisites Credit for or concurrent enrollment in GEOL1304 Co-Requisites Enter Co-Requisites Here. Semester Credit Hours Total Semester Credit Hours (SCH): Lecture Hours: 1:0:2 Lab/Other Hours Equated Pay Hours 1.2 Lab/Other Hours Breakdown: Lab Hours 2 Lab/Other Hours Breakdown: Clinical Hours Enter Clinical Hours Here. Lab/Other Hours Breakdown: Practicum Hours Enter Practicum Hours Here. Other Hours Breakdown List Total Lab/Other Hours Here. Approval Signatures Title Signature Date Prepared by: Department Head: Division Chair: Dean/VPI: Approved by CIR: Rev. January 2020 Additional Course Information Topical Outline: Each offering of this course must include the following topics (be sure to include information regarding lab, practicum, and clinical or other non-lecture instruction). 1. The Sedimentary Environment 2. Geochronology Part I: Relative Dating of Strata 3. Geochronology Part II: Absolute or Radiometric Dating of Strata 4. Fossils, Taxonomy, and the Species Concept 5. The Sponges: Early Multi-celled Animals 6. The Corals and their Relatives 7. The Bryozoans: “Lacy Animals” 8. The Brachiopods: Bivalved Lophophorates 9. The Bivalves: Clams, Oysters, and Relatives 10. The Gastropods: Snails, Slugs, and Relativesacticum, and clinical or other non-lecture instruction). -
The Mathematics of the Chinese, Indian, Islamic and Gregorian Calendars
Heavenly Mathematics: The Mathematics of the Chinese, Indian, Islamic and Gregorian Calendars Helmer Aslaksen Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore [email protected] www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/ www.chinesecalendar.net 1 Public Holidays There are 11 public holidays in Singapore. Three of them are secular. 1. New Year’s Day 2. Labour Day 3. National Day The remaining eight cultural, racial or reli- gious holidays consist of two Chinese, two Muslim, two Indian and two Christian. 2 Cultural, Racial or Religious Holidays 1. Chinese New Year and day after 2. Good Friday 3. Vesak Day 4. Deepavali 5. Christmas Day 6. Hari Raya Puasa 7. Hari Raya Haji Listed in order, except for the Muslim hol- idays, which can occur anytime during the year. Christmas Day falls on a fixed date, but all the others move. 3 A Quick Course in Astronomy The Earth revolves counterclockwise around the Sun in an elliptical orbit. The Earth ro- tates counterclockwise around an axis that is tilted 23.5 degrees. March equinox June December solstice solstice September equinox E E N S N S W W June equi Dec June equi Dec sol sol sol sol Beijing Singapore In the northern hemisphere, the day will be longest at the June solstice and shortest at the December solstice. At the two equinoxes day and night will be equally long. The equi- noxes and solstices are called the seasonal markers. 4 The Year The tropical year (or solar year) is the time from one March equinox to the next. The mean value is 365.2422 days. -
Islamic Calendar from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Islamic calendar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia -at اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ اﻟﻬﺠﺮي :The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (Arabic taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used (often alongside the Gregorian calendar) to date events in many Muslim countries. It is also used by Muslims to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual period of fasting and the proper time for the pilgrimage to Mecca. The Islamic calendar employs the Hijri era whose epoch was Islamic Calendar stamp issued at King retrospectively established as the Islamic New Year of AD 622. During Khaled airport (10 Rajab 1428 / 24 July that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to 2007) Yathrib (now Medina) and established the first Muslim community (ummah), an event commemorated as the Hijra. In the West, dates in this era are usually denoted AH (Latin: Anno Hegirae, "in the year of the Hijra") in parallel with the Christian (AD) and Jewish eras (AM). In Muslim countries, it is also sometimes denoted as H[1] from its Arabic form ( [In English, years prior to the Hijra are reckoned as BH ("Before the Hijra").[2 .(ﻫـ abbreviated , َﺳﻨﺔ ﻫِ ْﺠﺮﻳّﺔ The current Islamic year is 1438 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, 1438 AH runs from approximately 3 October 2016 to 21 September 2017.[3] Contents 1 Months 1.1 Length of months 2 Days of the week 3 History 3.1 Pre-Islamic calendar 3.2 Prohibiting Nasī’ 4 Year numbering 5 Astronomical considerations 6 Theological considerations 7 Astronomical -
Assessing the Chronostratigraphic Fidelity of Sedimentary Geological Outcrops in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, Eastern England
Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 Research article Journal of the Geological Society Published online August 14, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-056 | Vol. 176 | 2019 | pp. 1154–1168 Where does the time go? Assessing the chronostratigraphic fidelity of sedimentary geological outcrops in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, eastern England Neil S. Davies1*, Anthony P. Shillito1 & William J. McMahon2 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK 2 Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht 3584 CB, Netherlands NSD, 0000-0002-0910-8283; APS, 0000-0002-4588-1804 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: It is widely understood that Earth’s stratigraphic record is an incomplete record of time, but the implications that this has for interpreting sedimentary outcrop have received little attention. Here we consider how time is preserved at outcrop using the Neogene–Quaternary Red Crag Formation, England. The Red Crag Formation hosts sedimentological and ichnological proxies that can be used to assess the time taken to accumulate outcrop expressions of strata, as ancient depositional environments fluctuated between states of deposition, erosion and stasis. We use these to estimate how much time is preserved at outcrop scale and find that every outcrop provides only a vanishingly small window onto unanchored weeks to months within the 600–800 kyr of ‘Crag-time’. Much of the apparently missing time may be accounted for by the parts of the formation at subcrop, rather than outcrop: stratigraphic time has not been lost, but is hidden. The time-completeness of the Red Crag Formation at outcrop appears analogous to that recorded in much older rock units, implying that direct comparison between strata of all ages is valid and that perceived stratigraphic incompleteness is an inconsequential barrier to viewing the outcrop sedimentary-stratigraphic record as a truthful chronicle of Earth history. -
The Geologic Time Scale Is the Eon
Exploring Geologic Time Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1145 Paper #35-1146 Laminated Background Geologic Time Scale Basics The history of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientists divide it into smaller sections that are associ- ated with particular events that have occurred in the past.The approximate time range of each time span is shown on the poster.The largest time span of the geologic time scale is the eon. It is an indefinitely long period of time that contains at least two eras. Geologic time is divided into two eons.The more ancient eon is called the Precambrian, and the more recent is the Phanerozoic. Each eon is subdivided into smaller spans called eras.The Precambrian eon is divided from most ancient into the Hadean era, Archean era, and Proterozoic era. See Figure 1. Precambrian Eon Proterozoic Era 2500 - 550 million years ago Archaean Era 3800 - 2500 million years ago Hadean Era 4600 - 3800 million years ago Figure 1. Eras of the Precambrian Eon Single-celled and simple multicelled organisms first developed during the Precambrian eon. There are many fos- sils from this time because the sea-dwelling creatures were trapped in sediments and preserved. The Phanerozoic eon is subdivided into three eras – the Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era. An era is often divided into several smaller time spans called periods. For example, the Paleozoic era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,and Permian periods. Paleozoic Era Permian Period 300 - 250 million years ago Carboniferous Period 350 - 300 million years ago Devonian Period 400 - 350 million years ago Silurian Period 450 - 400 million years ago Ordovician Period 500 - 450 million years ago Cambrian Period 550 - 500 million years ago Figure 2. -
“Anthropocene” Epoch: Scientific Decision Or Political Statement?
The “Anthropocene” epoch: Scientific decision or political statement? Stanley C. Finney*, Dept. of Geological Sciences, California Official recognition of the concept would invite State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90277, cross-disciplinary science. And it would encourage a mindset USA; and Lucy E. Edwards**, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, that will be important not only to fully understand the Virginia 20192, USA transformation now occurring but to take action to control it. … Humans may yet ensure that these early years of the ABSTRACT Anthropocene are a geological glitch and not just a prelude The proposal for the “Anthropocene” epoch as a formal unit of to a far more severe disruption. But the first step is to recognize, the geologic time scale has received extensive attention in scien- as the term Anthropocene invites us to do, that we are tific and public media. However, most articles on the in the driver’s seat. (Nature, 2011, p. 254) Anthropocene misrepresent the nature of the units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart, which is produced by That editorial, as with most articles on the Anthropocene, did the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and serves as not consider the mission of the International Commission on the basis for the geologic time scale. The stratigraphic record of Stratigraphy (ICS), nor did it present an understanding of the the Anthropocene is minimal, especially with its recently nature of the units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart proposed beginning in 1945; it is that of a human lifespan, and on which the units of the geologic time scale are based. -
Geologic Timeline
SCIENCE IN THE PARK: GEOLOGY GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE ANALOGY PURPOSE: To show students the order of events and time periods in geologic time and the order of events and ages of the physiographic provinces in Virginia. BACKGROUND: Exact dates for events change as scientists explore geologic time. Dates vary from resource to resource and may not be the same as the dates that appear in your text book. Analogies for geologic time: a 24 hour clock or a yearly calendar. Have students or groups of students come up with their own original analogy. Before you assign this activity, you may want to try it, depending on the age of the student, level of the class, or time constraints, you may want to leave out the events that have a date of less than 1 million years. ! Review conversions in the metric system before you begin this activity ! References L.S. Fichter, 1991 (1997) http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/vageol/vahist/images/Vahistry.PDF http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html Wicander, Reed. Historical Geology. Fourth Edition. Toronto, Ontario: Brooks/Cole, 2004. Print. VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING ES.10 The student will investigate and understand that many aspects of the history and evolution of the Earth can be inferred by studying rocks and fossils. Key concepts include: relative and absolute dating; rocks and fossils from many different geologic periods and epochs are found in Virginia. Developed by C.P. Anderson Page 1 SCIENCE IN THE PARK: GEOLOGY Building a Geologic Time Scale Time: Materials Meter stick, 5 cm adding machine tape, pencil, colored pencils Procedure 1. -
Calculating Percentages for Time Spent During Day, Week, Month
Calculating Percentages of Time Spent on Job Responsibilities Instructions for calculating time spent during day, week, month and year This is designed to help you calculate percentages of time that you perform various duties/tasks. The figures in the following tables are based on a standard 40 hour work week, 174 hour work month, and 2088 hour work year. If a recurring duty is performed weekly and takes the same amount of time each week, the percentage of the job that this duty represents may be calculated by dividing the number of hours spent on the duty by 40. For example, a two-hour daily duty represents the following percentage of the job: 2 hours x 5 days/week = 10 total weekly hours 10 hours / 40 hours in the week = .25 = 25% of the job. If a duty is not performed every week, it might be more accurate to estimate the percentage by considering the amount of time spent on the duty each month. For example, a monthly report that takes 4 hours to complete represents the following percentage of the job: 4/174 = .023 = 2.3%. Some duties are performed only certain times of the year. For example, budget planning for the coming fiscal year may take a week and a half (60 hours) and is a major task, but this work is performed one time a year. To calculate the percentage for this type of duty, estimate the total number of hours spent during the year and divide by 2088. This budget planning represents the following percentage of the job: 60/2088 = .0287 = 2.87%. -
Day 6 Day # Date Week Day Day 6 Day # Date Week Day Day 6 Day
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 6 Day 6 Day 6 Day 6 Day Day Date Week Day Day Date Week Day Day Date Week Day Day Date Week Day # # # # 1 1A 9/8/2020 Tuesday 46 1B 11/11/2020 Wednesday 91 5 1/28/2021 Thursday 136 5 4/7/2021 Wednesday 2 1B 9/9/2020 Wednesday 47 2A 11/12/2020 Thursday 92 V 2/1/2021 Monday 137 6 4/8/2021 Thursday 3 2A 9/10/2020 Thursday 48 V 11/16/2020 Monday 93 6 2/2/2021 Tuesday 138 1 4/9/2021 Friday 4 2B 9/11/2020 Friday 49 3A 11/17/2020 Tuesday 94 1 2/3/2021 Wednesday 139 V 4/12/2021 Monday 5 V 9/14/2020 Monday 50 3B 11/18/2020 Wednesday 95 2 2/4/2021 Thursday 140 2 4/13/2021 Tuesday 6 3A 9/15/2020 Tuesday 51 4A 11/19/2020 Thursday 96 3 2/5/2021 Friday 141 3 4/14/2021 Wednesday 7 3B 9/16/2020 Wednesday 52 4B 11/20/2020 Friday 97 V 2/8/2021 Monday 142 4 4/15/2021 Thursday 8 4A 9/17/2020 Thursday 53 V 11/23/2020 Monday 98 4 2/9/2021 Tuesday 143 5 4/16/2021 Friday 9 4B 9/18/2020 Friday 54 5A 11/24/2020 Tuesday 99 5 2/10/2021 Wednesday 144 V 4/19/2021 Monday 10 V 9/21/2020 Monday 55 5B 11/25/2020 Wednesday 100 6 2/11/2021 Thursday 145 6 4/20/2021 Tuesday 11 5A 9/22/2020 Tuesday 56 V 11/30/2020 Monday 101 1 2/12/2021 Friday 146 1 4/21/2021 Wednesday 12 5B 9/23/2020 Wednesday 57 1 12/1/2020 Tuesday 102 V 2/15/2021 Monday 147 2 4/22/2021 Thursday 13 6A 9/24/2020 Thursday 58 2 12/2/2020 Wednesday 103 2 2/16/2021 Tuesday 148 3 4/23/2021 Friday 14 6B 9/25/2020 Friday 59 3 12/3/2020 Thursday 104 3 2/17/2021 Wednesday 149 V 4/26/2021 Monday 15 V 9/28/2020 Monday 60 4 12/4/2020 Friday 105 4 2/18/2021 Thursday 150 4 4/27/2021 -
A New Earth Study Guide.Pdf
A New Earth Study Guide Week 1 The consciousness that says ‘I am’ is not the consciousness that thinks. —Jean-Paul Sartre Affi rmation: "Through the guidance and wisdom of Spirit, I am being transformed by the renewing of my mind. All obstacles and emotions are stepping stones to the realization and appreciation of my sacred humanness." Study Questions – A New Earth (Review chapters 1 & 2, pp 1-58) Chapter 1: The Flowering of Human Consciousness Refl ect: Eckhart Tolle uses the image of the fi rst fl ower to begin his discussion of the transformation of consciousness. In your transformation, is this symbolism important to you? Describe. The two core insights of early religion are: 1) the normal state of human consciousness is dysfunctional (the Hindu call it maya – the veil of delusion) and 2) the opportunity for transformation is also in human consciousness (the Hindu call this enlightenment) (p. 8-9). What in your recent experience points to each of these insights? “To recognize one’s own insanity is, of course, the arising of sanity, the beginning of healing and transcendence” (p. 14). To what extent and in what circumstances (that you’re willing to discuss) does this statement apply to you? Religion is derived from the Latin word religare, meaning “to bind.” What, in your religious experience, have you been bound to? Stretching your imagination a bit, what could the word have pointed to in its original context? Spirit is derived from the Latin word spiritus, breath, and spirare, to blow. Aside from the allusion to hot air, how does this word pertain to your transformation? Do you consider yourself to be “spiritual” or “religious”? What examples of practices or beliefs can you give to illustrate? How does this passage from Revelation 21:1-4 relate to your transformation? Tease out as much of the symbolism as you can.