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Durham E-Theses The sculptured decoration on roman votive altars and pedestals from northern Britain Kewley, Joyce How to cite: Kewley, Joyce (1970) The sculptured decoration on roman votive altars and pedestals from northern Britain, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9280/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE SCULPTURED DECORATION ON ROMAN VOTIVE ALTARS AND PEDESTALS FROM NORTHERN BRITAIN JOYCE KEWLEY, B.A. (MANCHESTER) A thesis presented in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Durham, 1970. Vol. II. Vol. II Contents Introduction to the Catalogs Catalogue Section A Altars of legions and their associated auxiliary units. Le;?io II Augusta certain nos. 1 - 11 probable nos. 12 - 22 Le.^io VI Victrix Pia Fidelis certain nos. 23 - 46 probable nos. 47 - 78 Ala Tun/?rorum no. 79 Conors I Baetasiorum certain nos. 80 - 85 probable nos. 86 - 87 Conors I Delmetarum certain no s. 88 - 91 probable nos. 92 -- 96 Cohors I Eatniorum certain nos. 47 •- 99 probable nos. 100 - 104 Cohors I Thracuta certain no s. 105 - 107 probable nos. 108 - 113 Cohors I Vardullorum certain nos. 114 - 122 probable nos. 123 - 132 Cohors II Gallorum certain nos. 133 - 134 probable no. 135. Cohors II Tun^rorum certain nos. 136 - 144 probable nos. 145 - 155 Cohors IV Gallorum certain no s. 156 - 163 probable nos. 164 - 166 Le.^io IX KisDana certain no. 167 Legio XX Valeria Victrix certain no s. 168 - 176 probable nos. 177 - 195 Ala Au.susta Ob Virtutem Appellata certain no s • 196 - 200 probable nos. 201 - 204 Ala Augusta Vocontiorurn certain no. 205 Cohors I Aquitanoruoi certain no. 206 Cohors I Cu^ernorum See no. 365 Cohors I Lin/jonum certain no. 207 probable nos. 208 - 209 Cohors .1 Tungrorum certain nos. 210 - 217 probable nos. 218 - 222 Cohors I Vangionum certain noa.223 - 228 probable nos. 229 - 237 Cohors II Delmatarum certain no. 238 Cohors IV Lingonum certain nos. 239 - 241 Cohors VI Kervioruta certain no. 242 Cuneus Frisiorum certain no. 243 probable nos. 244 - 246 humerus Enaudifridi certain no. 247 .Vexillatio Gaesatoruia Raetorum certain nos. 248 - 250 Vexillatio Sueborum certain no. 251 probable nos. 252 - 253 Section B, Altars from auxiliary units without obvious legionary affillations. - Ala Sebosiana certain no. 254 Ala Vettonuni probable nos. 255 - 260 Al3 II Asturum certain no. 261 Cohors I Batavorum certain nos. 262 - 268 probable nos. 269 - 270 ( Cohors I Aelia Dacorura certain nos. 271 - 290 probable nos. 291 - 298 Cohors I Hispanorum certain nos. 299 - 315 probable nos. 316 - 318 Cohors I Nervana Germanorum c ertain nos. 319 - 320 probable nos. 321 - 323 Cohors II Lingonum certain no. 324 probable nos. 325 - 326 Cohors II Kervioruia certain nos. 327 - 329 probable no. (33O Cohors II Thracum certain no.' 331 Co hops V Gailoriim certain nos. 332 - 333 Cuneus Frisionurn A'oallavensium certain nos. 334 - 335 Numorus Barcariorum certain no. 336 Numerua Squitum Stratonicianorutn certain no. 337 probable nos. 338 - 339 Kumeru3 :..aurorura certain no. 34O Vexillatio. Raetorum oertain no. 341 Vo/.E Section C Altars showing links with military workshops Main Centre nos. 342 358 Group 1 nos. 359 360 Group 2 nos. 36I 362 Group 3 Carrawburgh nos. 363 375 Group 4 Chester-le-Street, Lanchester nos. 376 384 Group 5 nos. 385 394 Group 6 nos. 395 399 Group 7 South Shields nos. 400 40 6 Group 8 nos. 407 409 Group 9 Altars in alphabetical of sites nos. 410 445 Section ~D Altars from other v/orkshops Main centre Group 10 (^Antonine Wall) nos. 446 449 Group 11 Banwell noo. 450 454 Group 12 Carrawburgh nos. 455 464 Group 13 Carrawburgh nos. 465 469 Group 14 Carrawburgh nos. 470 471 Group 15 Carvoran nos. 472 473 Group 16 Carvoran nos. 474 482 Group 17 Carvoran nos. 483 484 Group 18 Cheaters nos. 485.'- 48£ Group 19 Cheaters nos. 469 - 492 Group 20 Corbridge nos. 493 - 501 Group 21 Great Chasters nos. 502 - 503 Group 22 Housesteads nos. 504 - 505 Group 23 Housesteads nos. 506 - 510 Group 24 Laneheater nos. 511 - 544 Group 25 Leeds ! nos. 545 - 548 Group 26 Maryport nos. 549 - 568 Group 27 Netherby nos. 569 - 570 Group 28 Old Penrith nos. 571 - 575 Group 29 Old Penrith no s. 576 - 579 Group 30 Rudchester nos. 580 - 588 Group 31 South Shields nos. 589 - 591 Group 32 York nos. 592 - 594 Group 33 York no s. 595 - 596 Group 34 York nos. 597 - 598 Group 35 York nos. 599 - 600 Group 36 nos. 601 - 6O3 Group 37 nos. 604 - 6O7 Group 38 nos. 608 - 610 Group 39 nos. 611 - 617 Group 40 ' no s. 618 - 622 Group 41 nos. 623 - 625 Group 42 nos. 626 - 635 Group 43 nos. 636 - 638 Altars arranged in alphabetical order of sites nos. 639 _ 829 Concordance tables with RIB 1. In RIB order 2. In catalogue order Introduction Of the altars and fragments of altars from Northern Britain, fifteen surviving altars no longer retain their original form. A list of these is given in Appendix T. The catalogue describes the remainder. In the catalogue, the stones are arranged in four sections: A. Altars naming legions which may with confidence be ascribed to legionary workshops. These are arranged in the chronological order indicated either by the inscriptions or by stylistic criteria. There follow altars which on stylistic grounds are assignable to individual legions; these are arranged in alphabetical order of sites. The legions are in numerical order. After each legion's altars there are descriptions of the altars of the auxiliary units belonging to that legion's "school". These auxiliary units are arranged in numerical and alphabetical order of alae and oohortes, and in alphabetical order of ounei. numeri and vexilla,tiones. Where the attribution is certain the altars are arranged in chronological order as above. Where an attribution is "probable", the stones are arranged in alphabetical order of sites. B. Altars from auxiliary workshops which betray no obvious legionary influences, followed by stones assignable to these units. These are arranged in the same order of units as in Section A and in the best chronological order for altars of certain attribution and in alphabetical order of sites for "probables." C. Altars which probably come from military workshops but which it has been impossible to assign to any specific unit. The stones are arranged in the first place according to workshops where these can be defined, and within each group the stones may come from several sites. In the second place altars are arranged in alphabetical order of sites. D. Altars, possibly from civilian workshops, arranged first as far as possible in workshop-groups is alphabetical order of the main centres of each atelier, and seoondly in alphabetical order of sites. In all sections where altars are arranged under sites, the stones are grouped as follows! first the inscribed and secondly the uninscribed stones, in descending order of size: first complete stones, second those where only the upper part survives and third, those where only the lower part remains. Altars of uncertain provenance are put last. The measurements given are maximum dimensions* Where stones are set in cement, it has been assumed that the lowest part of the stone is on the same level as the base of the cement. Mouldings are described in descending order. No attempt has been made to give an exhaustive bibliography for each stone. For the most part, writers on Roman altars have confined their interest to the inscriptions, and many references deal solely with epigraphy. In the catalogue the reference most useful to the present study is given. Wherever a plate or figure appears, this referenoe is preferred, even though it may be older than more recent comments or interpretations. Where a stone is lost, that referenoe is given whose figure gives the clearest idea of the shape of the altar. It should be noted that, in many early publications, the figure bears little relation to the actual appearance of the stone. The failure of some earlier antiquaries to observe the shape of altars accurately casts doubt on the authenticity of their depiction of the form of altars now lost and of their rendering of the inscriptions on these stones. In the catalogue more than one reference is given only when a second or third contributes materially to the object of the study, as for instance when varying opinions as to the date are advanced, or if the altar is noted in a list of stones from a specific site, or in a catalogue. If the stone is illustrated, the LS number is given. When the altar is published in the same year both in a learned journal and in the Proceedings of a learned society, preference is given to the former. The numbers on the photographs in the filing drawers refer to the catalogue numbers.
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