Prehistoric (Stone Age to Iron Age) Corn-Dryer Although the Roman villa had a great impact on the banks The excavated heated room, or of the River Tees, archaeologists found that there had been caldarium (left). activity in the area for thousands of years prior to the Quarry The caldarium was the bath Roman arrival. Seven pots and a bronze punch, or chisel, tell house. Although this building us that people were living and working here at least 4000 was small, it was well built. It years ago. was probably constructed Farm during the early phases of the villa complex. Ingleby Roman For Romans, bath houses were social places where people The Romano-British villa at Quarry Farm has been preserved in could meet. Barwick an area of open space, in the heart of the new Ingleby Barwick housing development. Excavations took place in 2003-04, carried out by Archaeological Services Durham University Outbuildings (ASDU), to record the villa area. This included structures, such as the heated room (shown above right), aisled building (shown below right), and eld enclosures.

Caldarium Anglo-Saxon (Heated Room) Winged With the collapse of the Roman Empire, Roman in uence Preserved Area Corridor began to slowly disappear from Britain, but activity at the Structure Villa Complex villa site continued. A substantial amount of pottery has been discovered, as have re-pits which may have been used for cooking, and two possible sunken oored buildings, indicating that people still lived and worked here.

Field Enclosures Medieval – Post Medieval Aisled Building

Drove Way A scatter of medieval pottery, ridge and furrow earthworks (Villa boundary) Circular Building and early eld boundaries are all that could be found relating to medieval settlement and agriculture. Farmsteads were established in the area including Barwick Farm and Quarry Farm. The original Quarry Farm farmhouse was lived The ‘aisled’ building, looking in for hundreds of years until it was demolished during east. This building provided World War II. storage for farming equipment, cover for animals A and a place for craft activities. Modern ROMANO- A new farmhouse was built at Quarry Farm, but was demolished to make way for the current housing estates of Building photogtaphs by ASDU and artefact photographs by Tees Archaeology. Ingleby Barwick. It was the archaeological investigations which were carried out during the housing development BRITISH which uncovered the long and continuous settlement of this part of the Tees Valley. website: www.teesarchaeology.com Villa The Romano-British Villa at Quarry Farm, Ingleby Barwick The Romano-British villa at Quarry Farm, Ingleby Barwick was surrounded by a range of forts such as Binchester, coastal fortlets such as Huntcli, and Hadrian’s Wall, the Roman imperial frontier – the villa was on the northern edge of the Roman Empire. The position of the villa, near to well-used roads and on the south bank of a major river, meant that the residents had easy access to trade, and some of the excavated objects were imported from the far corners of the Roman Empire. The villa complex was probably constructed between c. AD 100-150 and fell into disuse c. AD 500, though it is dicult to be accurate as the main winged-corridor structure has not been excavated.

The villa was a working farm, with enclosures for livestock and a corn-dryer for processing crops. Items such as an altar and the crossbow brooch tell archaeologists that this rural settlement was rst built by a moderately wealthy retired soldier, but was he local, or did he come from somewhere else in the Empire? Many of the artefacts relate to the everyday running of a domestic Romano-British settlement. Coins - (left) relief of the goddess Victory on the back of a Denarius, AD196-7, (right) the head of the Emperor Trajan, on a Sestertius, AD114-7 - both There was a large group of iron of which were minted farming and wood-working tools. Hadrian’s Wall South Shields in Rome. Chesterholm Corbridge (Arbeia) A late Roman gilt bronze (Vindolanda) (Corstopitum) crossbow brooch. Carlisle (Luguvalium) Lanchester (Longovicium) 5 Binchester 7 6 (Vinovia) Huntcli 1 Holme House Farm Piercebridge 4 2 Dalton-on-Tees Goldsborough The pottery included Samian 3 Quarry Farm 1 3 ware from Gaul (right) and vessels such as amphorae, 4 Brotton (possible villa) 8 2 Ravenscar 5 Old Durham which would have been 6 Catcote Catterick imported from Spain lled Scarborough 7 Sedgeeld (Cataractonium) with olive oil. 8 Stanwick Filey Jewellery included items like this Roman glass bracelet - a type which is particularly common in northern England. Key York Romano-British Romano-British Major River High status items included settlement Villa or Building (Eboracum) fragments of a beautifully crafted polychrome glass Roman Town and Fort Roman Coastal Fortlet dish which came from Roman Fort Known Roman Road Egypt.