Frontiers of the Roman Empire inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2005 Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site Hadrian’s Wall Management Plan 2008-2014 Banks East Turret, Hadrian’s Wall © Roger Clegg Management Plan 2008-2014 Preface Andy Burnham, Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport iv Foreword Prof Peter Stone, Chair, Hadrian’s Wall Management Plan Committee v Acknowledgements vi How to use the Plan vi Part 1: Introduction 1.1 The World Heritage Site 2 1.2 The need for a Management Plan 2 1.3 The WHS Management Plan Committee 3 1.4 The Interest Groups 4 1.5 Preparation of the 2008–2014 Management Plan 4 1.6 The role of the Plan 4 1.7 The status of the Plan 4 1.8 Hadrian’s Wall Heritage Ltd (HWHL) 5 1.9 The vision for Hadrian’s Wall 5 Part 2: Hadrian’s Wall WHS and its landscape setting 2.1 The Roman frontiers 7 2.2 The boundaries of Hadrian’s Wall WHS 7 2.3 The Buffer Zone 8 2.4 Hadrian’s Wall and its associated archaeological remains 8 2.5 Geology and topography 10 2.6 The landscape 10 2.7 The survival and condition of the resource 12 2.8 Finds and collections 15 Part 3: Interests in the WHS 3.1 Introduction 18 3.2 International interests 18 3.3 National government interests 19 3.4 Other national organisations 20 3.5 Regional organisations and local government 20 3.6 Cultural and academic interests 21 3.7 Economic and recreational interests 22 3.8 Local communities 23 3.9 Ownership pattern and management roles 23 Part 4: Values and significance of Hadrian’s Wall WHS 4.1 Assessing values 26 4.2 The OUV of Hadrian’s Wall 26 4.3 The draft formal Statement of Significance 26 4.4 The values of Hadrian’s Wall 28 i Contents Part 5: Review of 2002-2007 Management Plan period 5.1 Introduction 34 5.2 Significant changes affecting Hadrian’s Wall WHS since 2002 34 5.3 Assessment of the 2002–2007 Management Plan 35 5.4 Lessons learned during the 2002–2007 Management Plan period 37 Part 6: The management issues affecting Hadrian’s Wall WHS Introduction 40 Managing the WHS Issue 1: Management of the WHS 40 Identifying the WHS Issue 2: The boundaries of the WHS and its Buffer Zone 43 Protecting the WHS Issue 3: Legislative protection for the WHS 45 Issue 4: Protection of the archaeological remains in urban areas 48 Issue 5: Metal detecting 49 Issue 6: Risk preparedness and disaster management 50 Conserving the WHS Issue 7: Conservation of the archaeological monuments and sites 52 Issue 8: Rural land management 55 Issue 9: Research 58 Presenting, enjoying and transmitting knowledge of the WHS Issue 10: Sustainable physical access 60 Issue 11: Developing the visitor’s experience and understanding of the WHS and Buffer Zone 66 Issue 12: Sustainable development and economic regeneration 70 Issue 13: Engaging with communities 75 Issue 14: Marketing the WHS 76 Issue 15: Education 78 Part 7: Implementing the Management Plan 7.1 Action planning 82 7.2 Funding and resources 82 7.3 Monitoring and reviewing the Plan 82 ii Management Plan 2008-2014 Bibliography 84 Glossary 86 Figures index 89 Maps Map 1 The Frontiers of the Roman Empire 91 Map 2 Hadrian’s Wall WHS Overview 92 Map 3 Hadrian’s Wall WHS Cumbrian Coast 93 Map 4 Hadrian’s Wall WHS Central Sector 94 Map 5 Hadrian’s Wall WHS Eastern Sector 95 Map 6 Environmental Designations along the Hadrian’s Wall corridor Cumbrian Coast 96 Map 7 Environmental Designations along the Hadrian’s Wall corridor Central Sector 97 Map 8 Environmental Designations along the Hadrian’s Wall corridor Eastern Sector 98 Have Your Say 100 Appendices Part 1: Appendix 1.1 Relevant extracts from policy and guidance documents A1 Appendix 1.2 Current membership of the Management Plan Committee A4 Appendix 1.3 Preparation of the 2008–2014 Management Plan: The process A5 Appendix 1.4 Preparation of the 2008–2014 Management Plan: lessons learned A6 Part 2: Appendix 2.1 Structural description of Hadrian’s Wall and its associated archaeological remains A7 Appendix 2.2 Joint Character Areas defined by Natural England A11 Part 3: Appendix 3.1 The key legislative framework for the protection of the WHS and its Buffer Zone A13 Part 4: Appendix 4.1 Relevant extracts from the summary nomination for the Frontiers of the Roman Empire WHS (2004) A15 Appendix 4.2 Nature conservation interests of the Hadrian’s Wall WHS A16 Part 5: Appendix 5.1 Summary review of the 2002-2007 Management Plan A36 Part 6: Appendix 6.1 Summary of current proposals for investment at sites on Hadrian’s Wall A44 Appendix 6.2 Hadrian’s Wall WHS Continuing Learning Strategy A45 Part 7: Appendix 7.1 Long-term aims and medium term objectives for the WHS A48 Appendix 7.2 Summary of issues, policies and actions A50 iii Preface and Foreword Rt Hon Andy Burnham MP, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport The Government takes very seriously the responsibility that it Preface has, through my Department, to be accountable to UNESCO by the Rt Hon Andy Burnham MP, and to the wider international community for the conservation Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and management of each World Heritage Site. This Plan sets out the pressing issues in the conservation and management of the The remains of Hadrian’s Wall represent one of the most Wall, and outlines the mechanisms for implementation and for extraordinary achievements in our history and, as such, they monitoring. deserve a response from us that is commensurate in sustaining them for the enjoyment of future generations. This Management I am extremely grateful to the wide number of organisations and Plan is a significant step in ensuring that the Wall will benefit individuals who have contributed to the drafting of this from the highest standards of care and interpretation and Management Plan and particularly to the Hadrian’s Wall World maximise the appreciation and understanding of these Heritage Site Management Plan Committee and Hadrian’s Wall exceptional landscapes. Heritage Ltd. I am confident that this Plan will rapidly prove its worth as a framework for effective and coordinated action along Hadrian’s Wall was the first World Heritage Site in the UK for Hadrian’s Wall over the next five years. which a Management Plan was published (in 1996); that Plan, and its revised version in 2002, became internationally regarded as an example of good practice. This is the second revision of the Plan for the Wall, and much has changed since 2002. In 2005, another section of the Roman imperial frontier - the Upper German-Raetian Limes – was inscribed and, together with Hadrian’s Wall, formed the transnational Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site. In 2008 this was extended further Andy Burnham MP by the addition of the Antonine Wall, in central Scotland. This Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport exceptional transnational site provides a real opportunity to unite the remaining sections of the frontiers of the Empire, which ran from northern Britain, through continental Europe to the Black Sea, to the shores of the Red Sea and across North Africa to the Atlantic. Implementing Management Plans is a great challenge. In 2006, with the support of my Department, the Regional Development Agencies for the North East and the North West, together with English Heritage and Natural England, created a new not-for- profit company, Hadrian’s Wall Heritage Ltd, which provides a strong focus for the implementation of the Management Plan. The company is tasked with promoting and enhancing the World Heritage Site, with achieving a balance between public access and conservation, and with realising the economic, social and cultural potential that such a special place can bring to local communities. iv Management Plan 2008-2014 Professor Peter Stone © Newcastle University Much has changed over the period of the second Plan with Foreword increased interest in the Site from the two Regional by Professor Peter Stone Development Agencies, epitomised by their funding of the Major Chair, Hadrian’s Wall Management Plan Committee Study, and the creation of Hadrian’s Wall Heritage Ltd to help provide a focal point for Wall-wide initiatives. The latter has Welcome to the third iteration of a Management Plan for taken on many of the roles of the very successful Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Wall. We have come a long way since the first Plan was Tourism Partnership that worked so hard to make the Site published in 1996. I think it fair to say that that Plan was met relevant and useful to local communities. with much scepticism and not a little concern. On reflection, such a response should not have been unexpected as the 1996 The Plan has been drafted by a series of Interest Groups working Hadrian’s Wall Management Plan was the first ever such plan for to produce particular sections of the document that have been a UK World Heritage Site and, as such, broke totally new ground. brought together under the supervision of a Steering Committee Expectations in some quarters were high but were matched by drawn from the membership of the whole Management Plan an unease as to the potential impact the Plan might have on Committee. This has been a time-consuming (and not always those who lived and worked within the Site.