November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38497 United States; to the Committee on Bank­ provide technical assistance to units of gen­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ing and Currency. eral local government to implement programs By Mr. ROY: which are designed to increase the use of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 11650. A b111 to amend the Internal carpools by commuters; to the Committee on bills and res.olutions were introduced and Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that the Interstate and Foreign Commerce. severally referred as follows: tax on the amounts paid for communica­ By Mr. UDALL (for himself, Mr. tion services shall not apply to the amount RHODES, and Mr. STEIGER Of Ari­ By Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota: of the State and local taxes paid for such zona): H.R. 11655. A bill for the relief of North services; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 11653. A bill ratifying and confirming Central Educational Television, Inc.; to the Means. an agreement by the Secretary of the In­ Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. STUCKEY: terior providing for the issuance of a life­ By Mr. KETCHUM: H.R. 11651. A bill to temporarily suspend time grazing permit to the Gray family now H.R. 11656. A bill for the rellef of Mrs. motor vehicle em1ssion standards and pro­ consisting of Jack Gray, Henry Gray, and Elmer Andreotti; to the Committee on the hibitions against modifying em1ssion control Robert Louis Gray, relating to the grazing of Judiciary. systems; to the Committee on Interstate and cattle within the confines of the Organ Pipe Foreign Commerce. By Mr. WHITE: Cactus National Monument; to the Commit­ H.R. 11657. A blil for the rellef of Miss By Mr. TIERNAN (!or himself, Mr. tee on Interior and Insular Affairs. BADn.LO, Mr. CoLLIER, Mr. El:LBERG, Maria Ann Sharar; to the Committee on the By Mr. WILLIAMS: Judiciary. Mr. GREEN o! Pennsylvania, Mr. H.R. 11654. A blll to suspend motor vehicle GUDE, Mr. HosMER, Mr. KYRos, Mr. emission and fuel standards for the duration MOAKLEY, Mr. NIX, Mr. PODELL, Mr. of the energy crisis in order to conserve fuel; PETITIONS, ETC. RANGEL, Mr. REt:TSS, Mr. RHODES, Mr. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign RosENTHAL, Mr. RoYBAL, Mr. ST Under clause 1 of rule XXII, GERMAIN, Mr. SARBANES, Mrs. Commerce. By Mr. BOWEN: 366. The SPEAKER presented a petition o! ScHROEDER, Mr. SE'IBEBLING, Mr. the Legislative Councll o! Maryland, Annapo­ STARK, Mr. THOMPSON Of New Jersey, H. Con. Res. 385. Concurrent resolution Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of California, expressing the sense of Congress that no par­ lis, Md., relative to the resignation of the Mr. WON PAT, and Mr. YATRON) : don, reprieve, or amnesty be given to desert­ resident clerk of the U.S. District Court for H.R. 11652. A bill to authorize the Secre­ ers or draft evaders; to the Committee on the Western Distrlct of Kentucky; to the tary of Transportation to make grants and the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE PRESIDENT SHOULD NOT RE­ which we are presently confronted. Such after study and deliberation, sent a tele­ SIGN AND CAN BE REMOVED a precedent would establish that a mi­ gram to President Nixon and issued a re­ AFTER IMPEACHMENT nority could through false accusations lease on November 7, which I ask unani­ and propaganda drive from the Presi­ mous consent to have printed in the dency a strong and able President and RECORD. HON. CARL T. CURTIS thus rob the people through false witness There being no objection. the release OF NEBRASKA and intimidation of their President was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES whom they had duly elected. It could re­ as follows: Wednesday, November 28, 1973 sult in the destruction of our form of COMMITTEE FOR CONSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY: government by visiting punishment upon PRESIDENT NIXON HAs A CONSTITUTIONAL Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, on No­ an individual, innocent of wrong-doing, OBLIGATION AND A DUTY IN THE NA­ vember 2, in this Chamber, our distin­ rather than to devote attention to the TIONAL INTEREST To IGNORE HYSTERICAL guished colleague, Senator BARTLETT, root causes of evil in our political system DEMANDS THAT HE RESIGN expressed to us his deep concern .over the and their orderly removal. The latter is, The Committee for Constitutional Integ­ suggestions and demands that President rity has this date addressed to President of course, our function as Senators. Nixon the following telegram: Nixon resign his office because of the ac­ I associate myself with what our dis­ cusations, insinuations, and innuendos President RICHARD M. NIXON, tinguished colleague, Senator GoLD­ of Watergate. This is, of course, a con­ THE WHITE HOUSE, WATER, said concerning the present crisis cern which each and every one of us must Washington, D.C. on November 4: share in equal measure, in view of the As a group of citizens concerned with the I'm asking in the name of reason, 1n the preservation of the Constitution, we, the disastrously adverse constitutional effect name of sanity, of justice and enlightenment, Committee for Constitutional Integrity, urge the establishment of such a precedent 1n the name of the great God above, for a mo­ you to stand firm against the hysterical de­ would create. ment of quiet thought and reflection. mands for your resignation. It is the genius As Senator BARTLETT pointed OUt, ar­ If we can have such a moment to quiet the of our Constitution that it permits our ticle n, section 4 of the Constitution pro­ hysteria that grips us, we may be able to pro­ Presidents to withstand the shifting winds vides that the President shall be removed ceed to the task ahead; w put in order our of partisan fury, and to serve out their terms from office only after impeachment for house of government; to eliminate the in­ of office unless they are impeached and con­ and the conviction of "treason, bribery, competent, punish the gullty, and to make victed for treason, bribery, or other hlg'h or other high crimes and misdemeanors." sure that what has happened wlll not happen crimes and misdemeanors. This is not the first again-but all this 1n an orderly, deliberate time that political partisans have first souglrt Not once in the almost 200 years of fashion. to discredit the authority of the President by our existence as a Nation has a President To the Congress, to the White House, to unscrupulous propaganda and then de­ resigned. No provision of our Constitu­ the Administration, to the press and the news manded that the President step down oft the tion even suggests, mueh less requires, media, to the pulpits and the universities, to ground that he has lost the confidence of resignation because of accusations or each and every one of us, I plead for restraint the people. President Truman at one point public clamor. Such demands cannot be in this crisis. For us to stay on this road of had a Gallup Poll rating substantially lower justified merely because of a lowering of unreason means stark tragedy. than that which the polls assign to you. public support, else several of our great Finally, in the words of the street, 1n God's Demands were made, notably by Senator Ful­ Presidents, including Lincoln, Wilson, name, "Cool it!" Give us time to think, and bright, that President Truman resign for the look at the road ahead. supposed good of the country. President Tru­ and Truman, each of whom sut:ered a man refused to heed these demands and later sharp drop in popular support while serv­ I wish to assure my colleagues of my was triumphantly reelected by the vote of the ing as President, might not have finished deep conviction that the vast majority of people. It is now universally agreed that their elected terms of office. our citizens-those who have not become President Truman served the country well, Even aside from the massive adverse propagandized into frenzied criers for and that he dld right to preserve the Con­ impact uPOn our constitut~onal system resignation or impeachment--entertain stitution by resisting pressure and intimida­ resignation would have, such action will the same thoughts. I know this to be true tion. prove nothing. It would, however, result The firm adherence to the constitutional of those who have studied the matter, mandate that a President should serve out 1n a serious and possibly fatal division unbiased and without partisanship. his term of office and not yield to the mo­ &nlong our people and thus seriously en- Such a group of citizens who, in 1971, mentary Winds of public opinion is what danger the proper solution of the grave associated themselves as the Committee saved this nation during the Civil War. At problems, domestic, and foreign, with for Constitutional Integrity, obviously one point President Lincoln privately des- 38498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 p.atred of reelection during the 1864 cam­ debts. None of these countries 1s today pay­ heartedly concur. I feel very strongly that paign. But under the shelter of a fixed term Ing even the interest on Its remaining debts a long-range policy must be developed of office, he did not quit but held firm. He to the United States. achieved reelection and saved the Union. When the franc was in danger of collap­ to secure alternate sources of energy for It is supreme folly to undermine the prin­ sing in 1956, it was the Americans who two primary reasons: First, we cannot ciple of serving out an elected term of office­ propped it up, and their reward was to be allow ourselves to be put in a position a principle which has served us so well-by insulted and swindled on the streets of of dependency upon other nations, nor pressure for your voluntary resignation. If Paris. should we ever subject ourselves to black­ there be those who are genuinely and pa­ I was there. I saw it. mail or boycott from foreign countries. triotically concerned over the loss of Presi­ When distanrt cities are hit by earthquakes, Second, even if other nations would sell dential authority, it should be their duty to it is the United States that hurries in to help. is stop the vendetta of members of Congress . . . This spring, 59 American corumunities us all the resources we need, it predict­ and the media launched against you and [were] flattened by tornadoes. Nobody ed that the need will be so great by 1980 your administration. Recently when you helped. that it could cost as much as $20 billion a proclaimed your mllltary alert, there were The Marshall Plan and the Truman Policy year for imports. Of course, that would people who snickered and said that this was pumped billions upon billions of dollars into put an intolerable strain on our economy an artificial move designed to distract tJie discouraged countries. Now newspapers In and our already suffering balance of pay­ people and divert them from their concern those countries are writing about the deca­ ments situation. dent, warmongering Americans. with Watergate. This suicidal cynicism is Mr. President, I bring this editorial blamed on you and is cited as a reason why I'd like to see just one of those countries you should step down from the Presidency. that is gloating over the erosion of the to the attention of the Senate and ask But all it demonstrates is that some people United States dollar build its own airplanes. that it be printed in the Extensions of have been so misled by hysterical propaganda Come on, let's hear it! Remarks. that they cannot understand the needs of Does any other country in the world have There being no objection, the editorial national security. It is a situation that a plane to equal the Boeing Jumbo Jet, the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, needs to be corrected by awakening the Lockheed Tristar or the Douglas 10? as follows: If so, why don't they fly them? Why do forces of reason to counter hysterical prop­ ISRAEL AND OIL aganda, and not by punishing a President all the International lines except Russia fly American planes? Some commentators believe the continUing who has manfully sought to protect the na­ confllct in the Middle East may eventually tion. Why does no other land on earth even consider putting a man or woman on the force American policy makers to choose be­ COMMITTEE FOR CONSTITUTIONAL, INTEGRITY, moon? tween the two alternatives: Israel or oil. Sev­ FRANCIS G. WILsoN, Chairman. You talk about Japanese technocracy, and eral Arab leaders including Faisal of Saudi The Committee for Constltution.al Integ­ you get radios. You talk about German tech­ Arabia have said they w1ll sharply reduce oil rity was established in March, 1971. Its pur­ nocracy, and you get automobiles. exports to the United States 1f Washington pose is to participate with other organiza­ You talk about American technocracy, and continues its pro Israel stance. Today we tions and individual citizens, likewise mo­ you find men on the moon-not once but import only 4 per cent of our oil from the tivated, to urge governmental organizations, several times--and safely home again. Middle East, but by 1980, if present trends government officials, and individual citizens, You talk about scandals, and the Amer­ continue, this figure may rise as much as ten­ when deemed appropriate, to maintain Integ-. icans put theirs right in the store window fold. rity in the preservation of our Constitution. for everybody to look at. After conducting a study of our futtire Its officers are: Chairman, Francis G. Wilson, Even their draft-dodgers are not pursued energy needs, the Anti-Defamation League PhD, Emeritus professor of Political Science, and hounded. They are here on our streets, (ADL) of B'nai B'rith has concluded that University of Ill1nois; Vice Chairman Franz and most of them-unless they are break­ American support of Israel will have much 0. Willenbucher, J.D., Captain USN (Ret.), ing Canadian laws-are getting American less influence on Arab oil production than lawyer; Secretary, Benjamin Ginzburg, PhD., dollars from Ma and Pa at home to spend most people believe. The ADL is a staunch former Research Director U.S. Senate Sub­ here.... advocate of Israel, so Its position is hardly committee on Constitutional Rights. impartial. Nevertheless, the arguments of­ When the railways of France, Germany, fered in its study are cogent and well worth and India were breaking down through age, consideration. it was the Americans who rebuilt them. The study quotes one writer who asserts When the Pennsylvania Railroad and the that, even If President Nixon "throws Israel A NEIGHBOR SPEAKS UP FOR New York Central went broke, nobody loaned to the wolves," the Arabs will feel little in­ AMERICA them an old caboose. Both are still broke. clination to step up production to meet all I can name you 5,000 times when the our needs. The Arab oil men, the study notes, Americans raced to the help of other peo­ realize their valuable resource is a finite one. HON. JACK F. KEMP ple in trouble. Can you name me even one Over the years they have traded it for dollars OF NEW YORK time when someone else raced to the Amer­ that have depreciated in worth and under­ Icans In trouble? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gone several devaluations. In addition, the I don't think there was outside help even Arab economics are priinitive and the num­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 during the San Francisco earthquake. ber of dollar investments they can absorb is Our neighbors have faced it alone, and Mr. is limited for the time being. Mr. KEMP. Speaker, it not too I'm one Canadian who is damned tired of Under the circumstances the Arabs have often that we get a chance to see our­ hearing them kicked around. a strong economic incentive to curtail pro­ selves as our neighbors see us-and be They will come out of this thing with their duction until the value of the dollar increases cheered by the image. flag high. And when they do, they are entitled and more investment opportunities arise. In Some time ago, Gordon Sinclair, the to thumb their nose at the lands that are the meantime, the temptation wm be strong Canadian radio and television commen­ gloating over their present troubles. for them to raise the price of oil they do tator, broadcast an editorial from Tor­ I hope Canada is not one of these. export, especially 1f we are highly dependent onto. Mr. Sinclair's commentary makes on it. The study cites quotes from Arab officials especially heartening reading for us right to substantiate this claim. One high official now, particiularly those who are short ISRAEL AND OIL in the Saudi government said "We have on perspective and long on pessimism. found the maximum revenue we can use­ Mr. Sinclair's editorial was reprinted fully absorb. Anything we produce over that in the November 19, 1973, edition of U.S. HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE harms our own Interests by keeping prices News & World Report, but for those who OF GEORGIA · down and by disturbing our economic bal­ ance. Another told the Christian Science may have missed it, excerpts are pre­ IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES Monitor, "We can absorb just so much money sented here: Wednesday, November 28, 1973 and no more ... It ls better to have re­ [From U.S. News & World Report, serves In the ground than a lot of depreci­ Nov.19, 1973] Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, there ating dollars in hand." "LET'S HEAR IT!" FOR U.S. was recently brought to my attention an The elimination of American support for excellent editorial from the Savannah Israel is a goa.l the Arabs desire but, accord­ This Canadian thinks it is time to speak Morning News regarding a study on our ing to the study, the Arab oil embargo sterns up for the Americans as the most generous more from economic roots than political ones. and possibly the least appreciated people on Nation's future energy needs that was conducted by the Anti-Defamation Lea­ One prevalent misconception about the all the earth. . . . energy crisis is that 1n the long run we will Germany, Japan and, to a lesser extent, gue of B'nai B'rith. The B'nai B'rith have to depend heavily on energy imports Britain and Italy were lifted out of the debris study and this editorial point out the because our domestic supplies are near ex­ of war by the Americans who poured in bil­ importance of self -sufficiency on the part haustion. Official government troops show lions of dollars and forgave other billions In of the United States, with which I whole- that the United States stlll possesses huge November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38499 reserves of conventional fuels. It is estimated, The grocer surrendered at the 48th Pre­ the boycott. Attempts to repeal this exemp­ for example, we still have oil reserves in the cinct station house and was charged with tion provision were made in 1972 and faUed, ground almost equal to all the oil discovered murder and 1llegal possession of a gun. thus bringing us to the third round. in the country up to 1971. Why all this fuss about chrome? Development of these resources has lagged [From the Washington Post, Nov. 13, 1973} Ohrome ore, from which chromium is tor a number of reasons which include gov­ OWNER SLAIN IN HOLDUP OF CARRYOUT made, is vital to this country's defense. ernment intrusions upon the market place, Existing U.S. supplies of the ore are slim, industry practices, and excessive environ­ The owner of a Chinese carryout restau­ rant at Kenilworth and Eastern Avenues in just enough to meet essential needs for mental regulations. These and other stum­ three ott four years at most. If that stock­ bling blocks are being attacked and every Prince Georges County was shot to death last night during an attempted armed hold­ pUe is used up, what do we do for security effort made to expand production . . . This needs in case of a real emergency? development coupled with nuclear technology up, county pollee reported. The victim, identlfied as Ken Lee, 39, the When Rhodesia. was sanctioned out of the and other energy sources should close the market place, Russia became our principal energy gap. Unfortunately, that time will not owner of the Continental Carry Out, 1701 arrive for at least 10 to 15 years. Kenilworth Ave., was shot once in the face supplier of this vital defense material. For a During this interval we have two choices. as he stood behind a counter, police said. He price, that is. High-grade chrome ore rose We can undertake public and private efforts was pronounced dead at the scene sliortly from a. pre-sanction cost of around $25 a to eliminate wasteful energy consumption after the 9:40 p.m. shooting. ton to over $70. After we began buying from Police said early this morning they have Rhodesia the price began to drop and now or we can comply with Arab demands and chrome costs an average of $57 a ton. hope for the best. not been able to determine exactly what In either case, energy costs will rise. Ex­ precipitated the shooting since Lee's wife, Other nations carry on large-scale trade cessive dependence on Arab oil, however, has Moy Yue Tel Lee, the only witness in the with Rhodesia without attracting much U.N. additional 11abll1ties. It we give in to what store at the time, speaks little English, and concern. In fact, some claim that much of amounts to blackmail, we set the stage for was being treated for shock at Prince Georges the chrome ore sold us by Russia came from similar tactics in the future. The cash export General Hospital. Rhodesia for resale. needed to pay for oil imports would weaken Apparently, pollee said, one or perhaps two But the United States, a victim CYf U.N. our balance of payments. This outflow of men armed with guns entered the store, de­ hypocrisy through the years, is singled out dollars would in turn place serious strains znanded money, and in the course of the for condemnation because of our limited on the world monetary structure. robbery shot Lee. trade with that country in order to obtain a All in all, the ADL study makes a con­ The gunmen fled immediately, police said, vitally needed defense material. vincing case that the crucial decision we and Mrs. Lee, who was not wounded by the Maybe we have detente with Russia at the must make in regard to our energy problems robbers, ran screaming to a nearby liquor moment. Nevertheless, it 1s dangerous to de­ is not one of Israel or oil, but of eventual store, where employees telephoned police. pend upon the Soviet Union for security ma­ self sufficiency or dependence. No arrests had been made as of early this terials. morning, police said. Officials, who said they Our exemption from at least this part of were unsure whether any money was taken the U.N. trade sanction should continue. in the holdup, were questioning Mrs. Lee Those who propose to keep Rhodesian early today through an interpreter from the BAN THE HANDGUN-V chrome out of this country, no znatter how embassy of the Republic of China.. good their intentions, should realize that our national security comes first. HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM OF NEW YORK CHROME FROM RHODESIA-SECU­ SECURITY OR IMAGE? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RITY OR IMAGE? The Senate Foreign Relations Committee recently approved a bUl to repeal the Byrd Wednesday, November 28, 1973 amendment that allows the U.S. to import Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, wide­ HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Rhodesian chrome, contrary to United Na­ OF VmGINIA tions economic sanctions against Rhodesia spread availability of handguns inevita­ in objection to that country's white suprem­ bly leads to tragic results. We are all too IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES acy government. A House subcommiltee familiar with the customer shooting and Wednesday, November 28, 1973 has approved an identical bill. killing the store owner during the course It is argued that U.S. prestige in the U.N. of a robbery, but as one of the articles Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ 1s damaged by the current U.S. policy of below describes, strict gun controls will dent, two leading newspapers, the Phoe­ ignoring the boycott and that plenty of also protect the customer from the shop­ nix, Ariz., Republic and the Boulder, chrome is available from the Soviet Union. keeper. Colo., Camera had excellent editorials In spite of the current detente with the The articles reprinted below which dealing with the question of the United Soviets, it is hardly prudent policy for the Nations embargo against Rhodesia. U.S. to remain dependent on them for a appeared in the October 28 edition of mUitarlly strategdc metal. Nobody knows the New York Times and the Novem­ These editorials discuss the matter of the importation of chrome into the when they will turn o1f the detente and re­ ber 13 edition of the Washington Post, turn to bellicosity toward the U.S. Further­ respectively, are further evidence of the United States from Rhodesia and the more, the U.S. pays exorbitant prices for need for strict gun controls, for the importance of chrome as a strategic ma­ low-grade Russian chrome, while the Rus­ safety of our shopkeepers--and their terial. sians buy high-grade ore from Rhodesia. customers. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Another hypocrisy is reflected in the fact The articles follow: sent that the editorial from the Phoenix, that 95 percent of Rhodesia's other export Ariz., Republic of October 30, 1973, and trade is carried on with countries giving Up (From the New York Times, Oct. 28, 1973} the editorial from the Boulder, Colo., service to the U.N. sanctions. GROCER KILLS A CUSTOMER IN AN ALTERCATION Camera of October 29, 1973, be printed Further hypocrisy is evident in the fact OVER BILL in the Extensions of Remarks. that the U.N. deplores white supreznacy in A 29-year-old Bronx grocer was arrested Rhodesia, an admirable ideological stance, yesterday in the fatal shooting of a customer There being no objection, the editorals while the world organization looks the other during an argument over a bill and in the were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, way from equally deplorable tyranny prac­ unintentional wounding of a passenger in as follows: ticed by black supremacy in other African a bus passing by. CHROME FROM RHODESIA countries. The police said the grocer, Elias Gaiarsa Committees devoted to foreign affairs in Ideology aside, it is our view that com­ of 1465 Boston Road, became involved in both the House and Senate have approved mercial and political relations with other an argument with Miguel Negron, 38, of bills that would prevent the United States countries should be grounded in our na­ 1010 East 178th Street, over a $51 grocery from importing chrome from Rhodesia.. tional interests and not on ideology, espe­ bill. Mr. Negron reportedly struck Mr. Gaiarsa This African country long has been the cially when the choice is between protection on the head with his fist, rupturing one of chief target CYf trade sanctions instituted by of national security and protection of an the grocer's ear druins. the United Nations. The United States went image. Mr. Gaiarsa then allegedly drew a pistol along with these sanctions until 1971 at Existing U.S. stockpiles are sufficient for and fired five shots, three of them striking which time our m111tary procurement people about three to four years. If they are used Mr. Negron and two going wild, hitting a decided it was foolish to us to be almost en­ up now, how would we be able to meet secu­ northbound No. 7 Transit Authority bus. tirely dependent upon Russia for our chrome rity needs if a real emergency occurs? Can One of the wild bullets passed through a bus supply. we afford to remain dependent on the vac­ window and through the hat of Thomas Much to the chagrin of the United Na­ illating Soviets? Or is it more judicious to Montgomery, 30, of 2114 Belmont Avenue, tions, the U.s. Congress voted to exempt keep access open to Rhodesian chrome cutting his scalp. Rhodesian chrome and other metals from reserves? 38500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 ENERGY: FUTURE ALTERNATIVES ward solving the energy problem have Union denies them the individual rights AND RISKS profound implications for our quality of to which they are entitled. life. For this reason, the forum will con­ Mr. Speaker, let us on this 55th anni­ sider the proposition that the greatest versary of the Latvian proclamation of HON. MIKE McCORMACK crisis in the energy problem-indeed, the independence applaud the courage which OJ' WASHINGTON real crisis-may come in choosing com­ the people of Latvia have consistently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES patible technologies and lifestyles. It is, demonstrated over the years. Let us fur­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 in my opinion, an important responsi­ ther resolve to urge and help the Presi­ bility for the Members of this House to dent to utilize our improved communica­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I see that the American people are in­ tions facilities with the Soviet Union so would like to bring to the attention of formed and become aware of the choices that Latvia may be given the right to this assembly that on January 29-30, that must be made regarding energy. self-determination. 1974, the National Academy of Sciences There is no turning back to things as will convene in its auditorium the sec­ they were. We can as a nation and as a ond of a series of public forums intended people choose our future. And it will be to illuminate controversial issues of na­ in open meetings such as this Academy MURDER BY HANDGUN: THE CASE tional importance involving the uses of forum, in the finest American tradition FOR GUN CONTROL-NO. 49 science. of choice based on fact, that we can The subject of this Academy forum is work together to help develop a respon­ one of critical and urgent concern to all sible, rational systems approach to solv­ of us-"Energy: Future Alternatives and HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ing the problems that face this Nation, OF MASSACHUSETTS Risks." It constitutes a major effort on and to do so while understanding these the part of the National Academy of facts upon which an integrated national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sciences to bring together the widest energy policy must be based. Wednesday, November 28, 1973 possible range of expertise to examine In closing, I would like remind you the energy problem, which is one of the to Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, on that the charter of the National Academy November 25, Boston equaled a record most complex and far-reaching we have of Sciences. which was passed by the U.S. faced as a nation. Each day brings some that no one can be proud of. On that day, Congress and signed by Abraham Lin­ Melvin Cook became the 117th murder new realization of the effects of the coln in 1863, calls upon the Academy to problem. As the sense of immediacy victim in the Boston area. He was shot mounts into what already approaches serve as an omcial adviser to the F.ederaJ six times. Government on any question of science There is little more that can be said hysteria, we are inclined to focus on or technology. It is my great pleasure to stop-gap measures for the present with about this disgraceful record or about bring its forum on energy to your at­ this particular tragedy, except that it. little thought for the future-an irra­ tention. tional approach which undoubtedly has like 53 percent of the murders that have brought us to our present dilemma. taken place this year in Boston, might not have occurred if adequate handgun I would like to commend this Acad­ LATVIA emy forum to you and to members of control laws had been in effect. your staff. It is a rare opportunity to I have included below the November 26 explore the totality of the energy prob­ HON. JOHN J. RHODES article by John Robinson of the Boston lem as it affects the physical, economic, OF ARIZONA Globe: and social welfare of the American peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MAN SHOT DEAD; HUB MURDER TOLL EQUALS ple. Despite, or perhaps even because of, 1971 RECORD our diligence in studying specific facets Wednesday, November 28, 1973 (By John Robinson) of the problem, our grasp of the whole is Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, on No­ Boston recorded its 117th murder of 1973 fragmented. vember 18, 1918, the small Baltic State Saturday, equaling a. homicide record set in will of Latvia proclaimed her independence. 1971. The forum convene for 2 days. The The latest victim wa.s 32-yea.r-old Melvin first day will address varied interpreta­ She ceased to be a nation in 1940 by the Cook, a. native of Columbia, Miss., one of six tions of energy supply and demand. Inas­ unilateral aggression of the Soviet children, and father of five. much as there is a significant range of Union. Latvian independence has been Cook's body wa.s found in a. first floor opinion on the implications of available nonexistent since that time. apartment at 20 Ames st., Dorchester. Ac­ data, it is necessary to examine this di­ The Russian rule of the people of cording to police, he wa.s shot six times. No vergence before any accurate assessment Latvia. which is entering its 33d year. weapon has been found. and no arrest has of the energy problem can be made. This has been marked by terrorism. exploita­ been m.a.d.e. tion, and utter suppression of personal Cook lived at 42 Humbolt av., Roxbury, confusion regarding data on production with his mother, Mrs. Ziller Cook, who moved and consumption has prompted me to freedoms and rights. The simple but her family to Boston in 1952 "to find a bet­ propose that an energy data and infor­ precious rights which we hold so dear in ter life." She is separated from her husband. mation center be established as soon as this country are denied the people of Cook attended local schools, including possible. As a result, the National Science Latvia by their unwanted Soviet masters. Trade School, which he did not complete. Foundation has funded a study to deter­ The United States has never recog­ At age 19, his mother sent him to live with mine just what computer capability nized the Soviet Union's arbitrary action her sister in Detroit, "to separate him, you would be required for an effective energy to consume Latvia and the other Baltic know, from some of the boys he wa.s run­ ning with," his mother said. data and information center. Meanwhile, States. The Soviet Union. it should be While in Detroit, he met and married Lou­ the forum offers an opportunity for us noted, is a signatory of the United ise Terry, had three children by her, and to explore in depth and in person, at one Nations Declaration of Human Rights. moved back to Boston in 1965. The couple time and in one place, a diverse range of · That statement guarantees the right to had two more children before separating in opinion on reserves and resources, the assembly, free elections. freedom of 1969. His wife moved back to Detroit with effects of conservation on supply and de­ worship, and the like. Also provided is the children. mand, and considerations of environ­ the right of people to cross over borders Cook held a.n assortment of jobs. He worked for a Malden sheet metal manufacturer, for mental health and safety. for emigration and visitation purposes. Boston College a.s a. cook and maintenance After defining the dimensions of the I am one of those Members who wel­ man, Boston City Hospital as an orderly, and energy problem, its magnitude and scope, comes President Nixon's continuing ef­ as a. painter and wall paper hanger. the second day of the forum will appraise forts to shape a genuine atmosphere of His last permanent job wa.s as a gas sta­ the institutional changes that may be detente between our Nation and the tion attendant, which ended in August when needed to solve it. Attention will be given Soviet Union. Certainly his success in the station went out of business. to both public and private roles as well as this area has the potential to lead to a His mother says he ha.s been doing day la­ regulation, aspects which are of great bor through a local manpower agency since far more stable world than we have seen August. interest to all of us. over the years. Besides his mother and wife, he leaves his The afternoon of the second day is pro­ But we cannot allow this recent suc­ father, Norman of Boston; the five children, vocatively titled "Choosing the Future: cess to blind us to the lessons of past Deborah, Rosetta, Melvin Jr., Stephanie and Energy, Research, and Human Values." history. The people of Latvia live in a Leronda.; four sisters, Mrs. Mattie Jones, Mrs. There is little doubt that all actions to- repressed atmosphere because the Soviet Faith Harding, Mrs. Da.bannee Resca., and November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38501 Miss Oketha. Cook, all of Boston; and a. lation to establish the National Center on goal, which in reality would be Soviet Rus­ brother, Trennell, of Mississippi. Child Abuse and Neglect together with ade­ sian world domination. By incisive logic, if Funeral services are incomplete. quate financial appropriations; and, be it the U.S. were to succumb, the Union of From 1960 to 1966, the number of homi­ further Soviet Socialist Republics would be prefixed cides in Boston ranged from a. low of 24 to a. Resolved, that The American Legion sup­ with "World." ... The continuity of tradi­ high of 58. In 1967 there was a. jump to 72 ports the establishment of a Presidential tional Russian imperialism, whether white and the following year a. dramatic rise to 102. Commission on Child Abuse and Neglect or red, is not sufficiently grasped in the West Since then, there w~re two years of decrease, whose purpose would be to study the many and, as indicated later, still less is its corol­ 1969 and 1972, with 91 and 104 recorded legal and policy questions yet to be answered lary technique of "peaceful coexistence," murders respectively. on this subject. which is not of Bolshevik creation. So far this year, the months in which the Vitally important, therefore, to the co­ greatest number of homicides have occurred existence principle of non-interference and have been June with 17, January and August well expressed in the Brezhnev doctrine, the with 12 each, October with 11, and July with THE DETENTE OF PEACEFUL CO­ rape of Czecho-Slovakia, genocidal Russifica­ 10. tion in the USSR, the Hungarian Revolution Handguns were used in 53 percent of the EXISTENCE IN THE COLD WAR: and a long series of aggressions since 1917, murders as of Oct. 25. Knives were the sec­ FACT OR FICTION? is the third perspective on Soviet Rus­ ond most common weapon, used in about 20 sian imperialism. . . . From Stalin through percent of the murders as of the same date. Brezhnev at the 24th CPSU Congress in 1971 HON. EDWARD J. DERWIN SKI a. consistent over-adulation of the prime OJ' ILLINOIS achievements of the Russian people, most of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES whom are victimized by this totalitarian-im­ AMERICAN LEGION SUPPORTS perialist system, permeates the official state­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 ments. PROGRAMB TO COMBAT CKnD Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Logically related to the preceding perspec­ ABUSE recent Mideast fiareup highlighted the tive and also of fundamental importance to the coexistence concept is that of the USSR confusion and doubts surrounding de­ as an empire-state, an imperium in imperio, HON. JOHN BRADEMAS tente and "peaceful coexistence." On an empire within an empire. If as so many of OF INDIANA November 6 our Committee on Internal our analysts nurture the misconception that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Security heard an extensive presenta­ the USSR is a nation-state rather than an tion given on this and related subjects empire-state composed of many nations, both Wednesday, November 28, 1973 by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky of Georgetown the first historical applications of "peaceful Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I want University. Though the entire testimony coexistence" by the Soviet Russians and the will be published by the committee, I current field of full play of the concept .are to remind my colleagues that earlier this lost to them. week the Committee on Education and believe the following excerpts will con­ And lastly, two more perspectives vital to Labor, by unanimous voice vote, ap­ siderably whet the reader's appetite to our subject, namely Communist morality proved S. 1191, a blll to provide financial examine the forthcoming publication: and the Pavlovian effect. Lenin set the cri­ assistance for a demonstration program THE DETENTE OF PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE IN terion of relativist Communist mora.lity­ for the prevention, identification, and THE CoLD WAR: FACT OR FICTION? "At the root of the Communist morality lies (By Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky) the struggle for the strengthening and treatment of child abuse and neglect. achievement of Communism"-in other Evidence of the broad support for this One need only reac. our daily newspapers, words, the end justifies any means. And in measure, Mr. Speaker, is that, without especially during this period of the Mideast the area of international treaties his foreign exception, public witnesses testifying be­ crisis, to appreciate the confusion, doubts minister, Chicherin, set the nature of Soviet fore the Select Subcommittee on Educa­ and apprehensions surrounding the terms Russian diplomacy in these words, "Every tion, which I have the honor to chair, "detente," "peaceful coexistence," and "cold treaty is merely an expression of forces oper­ endorsed this measure. war"; reactions that, if they persisted, would ative in the realm of facts." ... As for the Further support for this legislation, constitute prime meat for Communist manipulation of words, particularly the "peaceful coexistence" tacticians. Aesopian language of communist ideology Mr. Speaker, was recently received from The detente of peaceful coexistence, 1s and such favorites as "peace," "self-determi­ the American Legion, which at its 55th it fact or fiction? In this compressed analy­ nation," "liberation," "imperialism," "just National Convention in Honolulu, sis an attempt will be made to answer this and unjust wars" and "voluntary union," the Hawaii, adopted American LegiGn Reso­ fundamental question as rigorously and pre­ infiuence of the great Russian scientist I. P. lution No. 443. cisely as possible, with paramount, con­ Pavlov remains to this day, where such Resolution 443 cites the need for in­ tinuing focus placed on the conceptual manipulation engenders both conditioned creased assistance to fund programs to meaning of the basic terms but developed stimuli and refiexes." essentially in their contextual ramifications, THE MOVING CONCEPTS combat the national problem of child covering these respective spheres of applica­ abuse and it endorses as well the Na­ tion: (a) the historical (b) psycho-political The given perspectival groundwork is in­ tional Center on Child Abuse and Neglect (cultural) (c) economic and {d) m111tary. dispensable to a. clear understanding of the authorized by S. 1191. The consequences of this essentialist analysis dominant, moving concepts of cold war, Mr. Speaker, the resolution to which I will form its conclusion. But first several peaceful coexistence, and detente, their fields refer follows: prefatory and perspectival observations of application, and their import. The con­ bearing on the nature, meaning and signif­ cepts are, of course, related, and yet they are RESOLUTION No. 443 icance of my phrase "the detente of peace­ distinguishable. The broadest of these, the Whereas, Child abuse and neglect contin­ ful coexistence in the cold war." cold war concept, may be defined as a. twi­ ues to be a. major problem among this light condition of neither genuine peace nor nation's young people with estimates run­ CERTAIN SALIENT PERSPECTIVES hot war, where all the basic elements of a. ning as high as 60,000 cases each year; and For our first perspective, it should be noted hot war-predatory design, aggressive strate­ Whereas, There is evidence that many that, substantially, and except for differ­ gy, tactics and techniques-are present ex­ communities do not offer any or only limited ences in degree and nominal injections, such cept for open military combat between the child protective services to insure the pro­ as the relative decline of the U.S. in a. gen­ primary states. Given the fixed goal of world tection of the child; and eration and the mesmeric nomer "detente," communism or, in other words, Soviet Rus­ Whereas, It has been established that the there is nothing new in the current situation sian dominance, the concept bears a. global level of federal appropriatlon.J:s unaer Title as concerns ideological and political cleavages dimension and accommodates intra-empire IV-B of the Social Security Act which pro­ and the realities of cold war and peaceful domination and suppression and "wars of vides child welfare services, including child coexistence phenomena. The multipolar pres­ national liberation," which are not features protective services, has remained static at ence of nuclear arms only serves to em­ of the other two concepts. Thus the methodi­ $46,000,000 for the past several years even phasize these realities, even to the possible cal exploitation of the resources of the cap­ though the statutory authorization for such extent of nuclear blackmail. tive nations, both within and outside the services is much greater; and Our second perspective stresses the un­ USSR, proxy wars as in Korea., Southeast Whereas, There is little or no information shakable faith and goal of Russian Commu­ Asia, and the Mideast, and all sorts of in­ ~bout the effectiveness of state child abuse nist leaders in the ultimate world victory direct confrontations between the primary prevention programs as to their ability to of Communism. Aside from the Aesopian states to advance toward the fixed goal identify, prevent, and treat victims of child language involved, V. I. Lenin wrote, "All are evidential expressions of the cold war, abuse and neglect; now, therefore, be it nations will arrive at socialism-this is in­ which, contrary to much wishful thinking Resolved, by The American Legion in Na­ evitable." This so-called inevitability has of the present, is incessant. tional Convention assembled in Honolulu, been underscored by Stalin, Khrushchev Closely related to the broadest concept is Hawa11, August 21-23, 1973, that it urges the and Brezhnev, and nowhere on current rec­ the more restricted one of peaceful coexist­ Congress of the United States to enact legis- ord can be found any renunciation of this ence. From Trotsky and Lenin to the very CXIX--2425-Part 29 38502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 present, this vital concept has been adroitly and-let-live policy? All of this and more has espionage, particularly through satellite em­ employed as an integral part and means of been poured into the empty vessel of bassies, in Western Europe and in the Amer­ the intrinsic cold war make-up of the Soviet detente.... icas; and its intense and deep involvements Russian empire. On this score there are no By its very nature, detente can never be a. in Southeast Asia, the Mideast, the Indian •if's," "and's" or "but's" as to what Moscow substitute for any rational policy, unless a Ocean, Cuba. and elsewhere. The old Kazakh means, and the quotes are in abundance. suicidal copping-out is construed as a policy. proverb applied to Russian politicos-"When For examples, "The more deeply the prin­ The significant aspects to note here are as you travel with a. Russian, make sure you ciples of peaceful coexistence are imple­ follows: (a) detente is logically implicit in carry an a.x"-is one deserving of our utmost mented, the more confidently the people "peaceful coexistence" itself, especially in heed; fight ing for a ... radical change of the stimulating euphoria, loss of vigilance, and (c) Economically, in our growing trade sociopolitical conditions in the world can confusion; (b) as such, Moscow has most relations with the USSR, the applicabillty of act"; 1 •peaceful coexistence is a specific readily accepted the word and its possiblli­ the proverb runs high; this aside from our form of class· struggle between socialism and ties as a convenient adjunct to "peaceful co­ celebrated grain deal. A detailed elabora­ capitalism in the international arena . . . existence"; (c) however, in line with the tion of my pointed observations here is fur­ (It) does not exclude revolutions in the form matrix of "peaceful coexistence," detente nished in further background m aterial sub­ of armed uprisings and just national libera­ cannot be permitted to take hold as either mitted as parts of this testimony.6 In other tion wars against imperialist oppression . . ." a belief or in the form of unrestricted con­ periods of "peaceful coexistence," such as And on and on, the same theme in the same tacts in Eastern Europe; and (d) detente the 20's and 30's, we contributed heavily to open way that Hitler let everyone know could either be a disastrous response to the industrial build-up of our now prime Mein Kampf, but too few believed it. "peaceful coexistence," sponsored by Khru­ adversary so that trade was really economic Not to belabor the concept, it should be shchev since the mid-50's, or, with an eye to aid to a permanently aggressive regime. . . . obvious that in comparison with the cold the graded order and meaning of "peaceful Now, once again, Moscow and its satraps are war concept it is more restricted, more spe­ coexistence" and fixed Russian cold war seeking the best of American technology and cific, more systemic, and in poignant actu­ strategy, a real challenge to the "peaceful know-how to gain time and advance also ality is directed at the chief "capitalist coexistence" tactic. So far, our detente course their global objectives. The same old argu­ powers." The degrees of "peaceful coexist­ has not violated basic principles and alli­ ments heard 40 and 50 years ago on trade ence" can vary directly or inversely with ances by which we cannot but live; however, and amity and peace are being repeated those of cold war "Peaceful coexist ence" is it has produced many unstabllizing effects today. a. struggle applied by non-military means; in Asia, the Mideast, Western Europe, among Second, the imperio-totalitarian nature of the cold war invites military threats and the captive nations, and in the traditional the USSR state has predetermined its econ­ blackmail against the primary enemy, such moral thoughts of our country as concern omy as a. command and cold war type since as the U.S., and entails military action in the human rights, national self-determination, the first five year plan in 1928, and struc­ captive nation's area as well as proxy wars the odiousness of imperialist totalitarianism, turally no basic change has occurred in this against the interests of the primary enemy. and the bold visions of world freedom. To nature to present dat~. nor by reason of the Reduced to its ultimate meaning, "peace­ put it plainly, we all want peace, but what essential political character of this state is ful coexistence" is a tactical means of broad­ happened to justice and freedom? any such change possible. As a. structural er cold war strategy, designed to achieve in a THE CONCEPTS IN APPLICATION consequence, trade has been and is an insti­ low-intensity climate multiple ends and ob­ With these defined understandings it is tutional sieve, ut1lized intermittently to jectives of temporary, critical benefit to the not d11ficult to witness the rule of these con­ shore up the economy's deficiencies, which in permanent aggressor. It must be emphasized cepts in the various broad fields of applica­ recent years have been immense, to gain that both concepts sternly preclude any tion and to arrive at certain, necessary con­ cheaply the fruits of Western innovation and intra-empire changes resulting from expand­ clusions and guidelines of action; research and, in relief of its persistent cap­ ed external contacts and involvements... ital shortages, to sustain the pattern of re­ Before examining how the concept of de­ (a) Historically, it is sufficient here to emphasize that the cold war animus and source allocation for the state's unremitting tente fits into this framework it is worth­ the technique of peaceful coexistence have military build-up and global cold war opera­ while at this point to observe briefly several enjoyed a. long tradition in Russian empire­ tions. current expressions on the general subject. In the light of all this and to sensibly One, there are indications that Moscow is building, long before Lenin and Stalin ap­ peared. In relation to "peaceful coexistence," meet the "peaceful coexistence" challenge considering the extension of the "peaceful with realistic detentism, the poltrade policy coexistence" strategem to Red China, despite Clausewitz is frequently quoted (e.g. "War is the continuation of politics by other advocated by me years ago before the Senate the absence of systemic confiict. Second, Foreign Relations Committee is the only Brezhnev, not to mention others, has openly means") but few realize that much of what is contained in the Principles of War, and rational alternative.7 This pollcy, recognizing held that "peaceful coexistence" or low­ politico-economic values in any trade with keyed cold war conditions in the West best which Lenin studied assiduously, was ac­ quired by the Prussian general's studies in totalitarian communist powers, would con­ serve the communist struggle among "the stantly valuate economic advantages in rela­ capitalist powers," and only recently he the Russian Empire.' Important to note, too, is that the first application of "peaceful co­ tion to political benefits, just as the commu­ stressed the compatibility of a revolution­ nists do . . . The claim of interference in 2 existence" by the Soviet Russians was toward ary outlook with "peaceful coexistence ••• the newly independent non-Russian re­ "the domestic affairs of the USSR" is spe­ Third, contrary to the views of senator Jack­ cious from a. historical viewpoint and on son and others, there are no contradictions publics in the 1917-1920 period. These are now captive nations within the USSR.r; grounds of the international complexion of whatsoever in the typical Russian posture this state and the international involvements of waging cold war, pursuing "peaceful co­ (b) Psycho-politically, the cold war and peaceful coexistence concepts are well re­ of two of its national republics. Also, the existence," accepting "detente" and strivl.ng notion that the external policies of any state for overall military superior1ty.3 flected in what is essentially the traditional Russian Troika. policy. This consists of (1) can be viewed in void of its internal policies Finally, there can be no confusion as to in a crass, current myth; and the meaning of Soviet Russian cold war a. steady totalitarian and imperialist con­ solidation within its domain of power ( 2) (d) M111tarUy, this technocratic economy strategy and the tactic of peaceful coexist­ has been and is heavily biased toward a build­ ence, but there is much confusion in the under the banner of "peaceful coexistence," a divide and subvert process directed at the up that already in overall quantitative terms West as to what "detente" means, a. condi­ has made the USSR state the largest military tion that Moscow has not been slow to capi­ West, notably the dismantling of NATO and (3) a. progressive penetration and under­ power in the world, and its ongoing qualita­ talize on. The term's simple, dictionary form tive development may in short time enable of a relaxation of tensions is not very help­ mining of the less developed areas of the world. This race of three-abreast policy is, it to enjoy prime superiority. All this achieved ful 1f this psychosomatic phenomenon is not by an economy half the size of ours in total objectively related to determinative facts. In in part, exemplified by widespread Russlfica­ tion in the non-Russian republics in the gross product. The "steamroller" of m1llions short, relaxed tensions related to what and of troops under the last Czar of the imperial for what--fear of nuclear war, a self-induced USSR, forced economic regiona.lization, mass arrests of Russian, Ukrainian and other dis­ Russian empire is far exceeded by the devel­ euphoria, a traitorous willingness to surren­ oping nuclear steamroller under the present der in the historic conflict, a. selfish and sidents, and through COMECON and beyond a deepened dependency of the economies and Red Czar of a more expanded Soviet Russian immoral indifference toward the captivity empire ... and plight of one-third of mankind, a naivete states of Central Europe; its diplomacy, as to Soviet Russian background, perform­ united front CP operations and extensive FACT OR FICTION? ance and pretensions, or a blissful miscon­ In concluding, the answer to our original question is, of course, in the factual amrm- ception of "peaceful coexistence" as a llv~- • For background cases on this, the short Chapter XV "The Viennese Dance of the Cold tlzvestia, September 10, 1973 War" in my work The Vulnerable Russians, o "50 Years of the USSR Economy," The Ukrainian Quarterly, Spring 1973, pp. 28-42; 1 "Soviets Are Sent To Mideast." The Wash­ New York, 1967, is submitted at this point. (ngton Post, October 27, 1973, p. A6. " For background on this, the short Chap­ Chapter 9, "The Russian Trade Trap," U .S.A. 1 "Mideast Warfare Poses Challenge to U.S.­ ter 2, "Seeing Russia In Toto" in my work and the Soviet Myth. Soviet Detente Aims," The Washington Post, U.S.A. and the Soviet Myth, Old Greenwich, 1 Testimony on Ealiit-West Trade. East-West October 7, 1978, p. AS. Conn., is also submitted here. Trade, Hearings, Part II, 1966, p. 94-104. November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38503 ative. Moreover, the conceptions given here United States, the Secretary of State, Presi­ virtually any event of public interest on St. on "cold war," "peaceful coexistence" and dent Pro-Tempore of the Senate, Speaker of Thomas, and often to St. Croix and St. "detente" reallstically embrace all major the House of Representatives, the Senators John. sectors of the world and their critical rela­ from Pennsylvania, and the Congressmen He's often been asked, he says, how he tionships to both our external and internal representing Phlladelphia, as evidence of the manages to sniff out news and be on the security.... sincere sentiments of this legislative body. scene so quickly. "I know a lot of people on Khrushchev once said, "The best way to the island," he explains, "and they make sure eliminate war is the gaining of power by I keep up with what's going on." Communists all over the world." This typical As for those fires, which Lee covers almost play on Western nuclearitis is another way of as thoroughly as the firemen, he has a proven saying the World Union of Soviet Sociallst LEE CARLE: HE GOES FOR NEWS formula. His efficiency apartment on Black­ Republics with its capital in Moscow. The WHn..E OTHERS SNOOZE beard's Hill is within earshot of the fire present and subsequent regimes in Moscow station. When he hears the fire siren start wm not deviate from this ultimate goal which up, he calls the station immediately for de­ is being and w1ll be pursued in the acquired HON. RON DE LUGO tails. "If you wait till the siren is ftnlshed to spirit of their forebears under Asian domina­ OF THE VmGIN ISLANDS call, the line will be busy," he says knowingly. tion centuries ago .•. And in view of what Whlle Lee's nose for news carries him to a meager minority has wrought and achieved IN T~ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all points of the island, his reporting is not within the few historical seconds of 56 Wednesday, November 28, 1973 without its unixnaginative moments. One years, one cannot but agree with Karl Marx morning recently, for example, Lee bored and his insights into traditional Russian im­ Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, I would listeners for several minutes as he faithfully perialism, "The only ones in this tragi­ like to bring to the attention of my col­ recited St. Thoxnas' entire November cruise comedy who imperturbably pursue their old leagues an article on Mr. Lee Carle, con­ ship schedule during his early morning re­ objectives and who play masterfully are the sidered by many to be the No. 1 newsman port. Russians." in the Virgin Islands. Listeners eager for news on the Mideast war and the dispute over the Watergate Lee and I have been close personal tapes had to patiently wait for Lee to-recite friends ever since he walked into my the litany of ship names and dates. RESOLUTION OF CITY COUNCil.. OF recording studio at Radio Station WSTA St111 devotion to his job and first love, PHILADELPHIA 18 years ago. We were associates then, radio broadcasting, has made Lee Carle a during the infancy of radio news in the popular news figure in the Virgin Islands. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Virgin Islands, and I remain, today, one It also has allowed him a first-hand look at of his many fans. the way islanders live, work and play that OF PENNSYLVANIA Lee has since witnessed and infiuenced still makes him optimistic about the future IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Virgin Islands. the development of radio broadcasting 1n "I stlll believe in the Virgin Islands family Wednesday, November 28, 1973 our islands. As news director of WVWI unit,'' he explains, "and that's what is going Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the fam­ Radio, he continues to impress Virgin to keep the islands together. When a young Islanders with his incisive news cover­ dude who thinks he's so bad and so heavy ilies of those men missing in action dur­ goes to visit grandma, with her pot of kal­ ing active duty in Vietnam are anxiously age and enthusiasm for -his profession. Lee's professional contributions to the lalloo cooking on the stove, he's going to get awaiting the day when they will learn it from her if he pulls any of that rough something about their sons' whereabouts. general news awareness of the populace stuff. She won't stand for it. The matriarchal In the State of Pennsylvania, there are is surpassed only by his personal promo­ society is still very strong." still some 1,326 MIA's not yet accounted tion of island culture and aid to indi­ Lee thinks that the "tough" attitude dis­ for, including 5 men from Philadel­ vidual Virgin Islanders. played by so many young islanders today is phia. In order to help relieve the grief I commend to your attention, the news­ "a game they play, because they think it's of the families and friends of these men, paper profile of Lee Carle from the No­ the only way they can belong to the group. vember 8, 1973 issue of the St. Thomas When I see them dressing and acting like the City Council of Philadelphia has they came from 145th Street in New York, adopted a resolution asking that the Journal: I say 'Hey man, how come you yankin' (act­ President account for servicemen missing LEE CARLE AT THE SCENE-HE GOES FOR NEWS ing like a Yankee)?' I'd like to see the kids in action -in Southeast Asia. WHILE OTHERS SNOOZE have pride in being Virgin Islanders, not in At this time I enter into the RECORD (by Joan Riehm) imitating somebody else." the resolution adopted by the city coun­ It was September, 1955. A young man in Promoting island culture and islanders 1s cil on November 15, 1973. his early 20s, dressed in a black woolen suit a blg thing with Lee. When he first came, he that matched his black hair, got off a plane organized a "teenage disc jockey contest" RESOLUTION in St. Thomas. He was driven by a calypso­ among youths on St. Thomas and St. CroiX. Memorializing the President of the United speaking native to the studios of Radio Sta­ One 15-year-old was so good that he later States to utilize his good offices to seek an tion WSTA in Frenchtown. became manager of WSTA-that was Addle accounting of the servicemen "missing in The New Yorker was wide-eyed at the Ottley, now Lieutenant Governor. action" in Viet Nam and other Southeast chickens and dogs that roamed around the Lee also remembers organizing the island's Asian countries. WSTA building, and the French women sit­ first local talent show, in an effort to spark Whereas, Less than six hundred service­ ting on their porches weaving hats and some enthusiasm among island youngsters men of the more than 1,900 men who were baskets. he found were "listless and uninterested." lost whlle on active duty in Southeast Asia Inside, he was introduced to Ron deLugo, One of those who performed was Bllly Har­ have been identified by the enemy as alive who was doing a show at the time. Ron had rigan, now recording artist Jon Lucien. and captive; but some 1,326 men are sttll his shirt off and was drinking a can of beer Lee says he found out early what islanders missing; thirty-one are Pennsylvanians, five to cool off. His bare feet were propped up on like on radio, with the success of an after­ from Phlladelphia; and the turntable as he tracked a long-playing noon show he emceed call "Young Sound to Whereas, On November 15, 1973, the East­ Soul Side." "The show combined soul music, ern Pennsylvania Chapter of the National record. having people hear their names on the air, League of Famllies wlll participate in a "Walk Ron greeted the new disc jockey, and and gossip-the three things Virgin Islanders for Freedom" from Independence Hall to Italian from upper-state New York whose really like,'' he says. John F. Kennedy Plaza to focus national name was Leo Anthony Carlo. "You're doing "Music is a way to reach kids in all walks concern on the plight of our missing men; the 6 o'clock news tonight," Ron told him. of life," he believes firinly. "All of the kids and "Oh? Where's the Associated Press want to be entertainers." Whereas, Untll these missing men are ac­ xnachine?" the newcomer asked. counted for, their families continue to suffer "What AP machine?" Ron said, amused. the anxiety, grief and frustration experi­ "We have a copy of The New York Times though." enced by the relatives of those who disappear A LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT without a trace; therefore "But it's two weeks old!" the newcomer Resolved, By the Council of the City of exclaimed. Philadephia, That we hereby memorialize the "It doesn't matter," Ron answered. President of the United States to utllize his And that's the way that Lee Carle, the HON. JAMES V. STANTON good offices to seek an accounting of the voice of news to thousands of WVWI radio servicemen "missing in action" in Viet Nam listeners, was introduced to the Virgin OF OHIO and other Southeast Asian countries, to help Islands. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES alleviate the grief and uncertainty of their Like the islands themselves, news coverage Wednesday, November 28, 1973 families and loved ones. has changed a lot since those lazy-hazy days. Resolved, That cert1.fled copies of this Res­ Now, as news director of WVWI Radio, Lee Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. olution be forwarded to the President of the carries his microphone and tape recorder to Speaker, in the November 21 issue of the 38504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 Garfield Heights Leader, a weekly news­ been holding its Second Annual Art Ex­ colleagues. Highly interesting, it is typi­ paper in my district, William Klein­ hibit and Sale of various works created cal of the compassionate wisdom which schmidt, its editor, published a letter he by men and women currently incarcer­ has characterized Morris Pashman's had written to the President. ated in various New York State correc­ dedication to the people of New Jersey. I was very much moved by his letter, tional facilities as well as by other in­ The article follows: for it states the heartfelt concern that mates incarcerated in penal institutions PENAL REFORM AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION a citizen feels over the course our Nation, throughout the country and exoffenders (By Morris Pashman, Associate Justice, which expects the presidency to embody who wish to participate. This exhibit, en­ Supreme Court of New Jersey) the best in American life, has taken since titled "Art From Inside," has proven it­ One of the most critical and trouble­ the revelations of the Watergate scandal. self to be a visual means of demonstrat­ some areas in our social and legal structures I commend Mr. Kleinschmidt's letter ing to the community at large the theme is that of the prison-more recently called to the attention of my colleagues: of the project which is, "Given truly re­ the correctional institutions-its temporary A LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT habilitative programs and community and permanent occupants, prison conditions, and most importantly, prison reform. DEAR PRESIDENT NIXON: It is extremely support, these men and women are ca­ difficult to find loyalty these days to the Ad­ pable of contributing artistic and mate­ A few short years ago, the issue of prison ministration running our government. A per­ rial progress to our community upon reform had all the popular appeal of the son should reaJ.ly stand behind his leader bubonic plague. Today it seems to be a bit their release." more respectable. But the mood is not noble whatever the situation, but you have given I would like to take this opportunity us a situation which is hard to swallow . . • or generous. It is rather parochial and that being the watergate scandal. to commend the Society for Ethical Cul­ grudging. First it was members of your own staff who ture on the outstanding work being done There are no sure-fire remedies. There are were found to be underhanded 1n terms of by its organization in providing an outlet no easy answers. I leave the panaceas to those spying at the opposition's headquarters. Then for the creative talents of men and wom­ who claim special competence in the areas we heard of plans to make certain that your en presently incarcerated in institutions of crlminology, sociology, psychology and the opponent will be the one whom you want to many other penal sciences of which I do both in New York State and throughout not even know the names. My inquiry will oppose you in your quest for the presidency. the country. Through their efforts, these Yes, you even exposed the Democratic Vice be just that---.a questioning on a non-tech­ President nominee as one having mental men and women are being provided with nical level which, hopefully, any reflective problems. Maybe this was for the good, but an opportunity to develop new artistic person will recognize as not ridicule or con­ then what you and former Vice President skills as well as to improve those they demnation of our prisons but an honest ap­ Agnew did wasn't too good either. already have. But more importantly, they praisal of the effectiveness of our current Now we come to the tapes which you said are being given the recognition of their system. you made of talks you had with those mem­ talents and the encouragement to con­ What has piqued my curiosity and amaze­ bers involved in Watergate investigation. tinue their productive work UIDOn their ment is the persistence of such problems You wlsh to put down our throats the facts return to our communities. throughout recorded history. Society's chal­ that you were not aware of what was going lenge is to satisfactorily answer the ques­ on and that you wanted nothing but the tion-What shall we do with our undesira­ sentencing of those involved.... you wish bles? They are no less human than we; to be exonerated of all wrong doing, llke yet prisons do not treat them accordingly. Pontius Pilate did when he washed his hands PENAL REFORM AND THE LEGAL Man has attempted countless times to alter at the trial of Christ. PROFESSION the conditions of society's undesirables, but We hear that those tapes were lost, were with each effort he constructs an artificial never made, and are hard to listen to due to edifice-a castle in the sand. And in this too much noise in the background. Just way we have distorted the times and lives how much do you wish us to swallow? Es­ HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI of many humans. pecially when all suspicion leads to you OF NEW JERSEY The world has distorted time. With ma­ knowing about Watergate. Why did it take IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chines we have learned to expect instan­ you so long to release these tapes, 1f that is taneous results. Man has emphasized the what you are intending to do? Did you wish Wednesday, November 28, 1973 result and not the means of attainment. for the "Bombing of Watergate" to go away? Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, one of There has been our instant politics of assas­ Yes, Watergate ·and the Republlcan ad­ the most emotional and complex prob­ sination and creedless resolution. Our youth ministration is on the lips of nearly every­ 1s demanding instant ecstasy through drugs. one. The people who had elected you, Presi­ lems that we as a society have had to The present administration has looked to dent Nixon, are finding disappointment when deal with recently is the issue of prison bombing as the complete answer to com­ they look for someone to lead them as a Na­ reform. Presently, people in many differ­ munist insurgency in Southeast Asia. Our tion. No matter what you do from now on ent professions are wrestling with pro­ business community seeks instant abun­ in, the scandal of Watergate wlll be long re­ found questions concerning the way we dance. And people look to imprisonment as membered; you have stains on your gar­ deal with those who break our laws. the instant cure for all those who haunt our ment, the type of which can not wash out. Economists, educators, legislators, and society. Science and technology have re­ If there is a chance of you, President laWYers-just to name a few-have be­ placed those human institutions that once Nixon, being innocent of all that was said, made life meaningful. We can create and and I hold this as only a very minute chance, gun to focus on the tragic environment we can destroy. you wlll stlll have a far way to go to un­ of our prisons. Time 1s a very important possession as tarnlsh your image, the image we the people Recently, Morris Pashman, associate well as a concept because we have just so wish to look to, but find it extremely d111l­ justice of the Supreme Court of New Jer­ much of it. Time is the matrix for all human cult to do. sey, delivered an address at the annual existence. It is therefore imperative to order May God help us through the next three dinner of the Federal Bar Association. In our lives in a manner faithful to our own years as a nation, for I fear 1f we had to his remarks he focused on the urgent temporal nature. Do not make a chlld a rally together due to some catastrophe, we man, or anything into what it 1s not; and, would find it hard to rally around a leader need for improving conditions in our cor­ in like manner, do not make a criminal an who has proven to us to be scandalous. rectional institutions. Virtually everyone animal only Uving in the present with an Yours truly, present agreed that Justice Pashman's obliterated past and a hopeless future. The Wn.LIAM E. KLEINSCHMIDT. remarks were extremely informative and world of the criminal is fact, not fancy; law­ relevant and he was asked to prepare an breakers are a thorn in society's side, but article, based on his remarks, for the they are there nevertheless. Reporter, a publication of the Passaic Our country recognizes all sorts of groups of people in trouble and does much to help. THE PRISON REFORM TASK OF THE County Bar Association. Our foreign aid and reltef programs are tes­ NEW YORK SOCIETY FOR ETHI­ The article, entitled "Penal Reform· tament to that. Even if some groups In the CALCULTURE and the Legal Profession," offers pene­ end turn against us, we stlll do not cut o1f trating insight into the problems plagu­ our :foreign ald to many other countries. Yet HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL ing our prison system. when it comes to another group in trouble, "Man has attempted countless times to a group much closer to us than some obscure OF NEW YORK nation, America most Vividly demonstrates IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES alter the conditions of society's "unde­ its split personality. No one wishes to spend sirables," writes Justice Pashman, "but Wednesday, November 28, 1973 any sizable amount of money in this country with each e:fl'ort he constructs an arti­ for prison reform and rehabllitation pro­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, this past ficial edifice--a castle in the sand." grams. How can America in one instance week the Prison Reform Task of the New Mr. Speaker, today I would like to recognize the needs of so many groups York Society for Ethical Culture has share Justice Pashman's article with my around the world whlle it ignores one very November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38505 large group staring it in the face? It is as the course of his statement, Justice Douglas petual. He needs no motivation beyond his much a conscious choice as it is an uncon­ reviewed the factual basis of the petition­ sense of duty and his pride. And the fact that scious Inadvertence. the conditions under which solitary confine­ a moral obligation may end in !allure does America cannot afford to ignore this prob­ ment was imposed. I commend his words to not make it any less compelling. lem, even if it is an unintentional ignorance. you. We must force ourselves to think about it. "In fact, the terrible price we are paying in Until the time mind can truly overcome crime is because we have tended--once the matter, will society's mind have to contend drama of the trial is over-to regard all crim­ BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME with the body of its people even of the low­ inals as human rubbish ... we lawyers and est sort. judges sometimes tend to fall 1n love with The human being has shown time and procedures and techniques and formalism. HON. LOUIS STOKES time again its abllity to acclimate itself to But as war is too important to be left to gen­ OF OHIO almost any type of physical situation. As the erals, justice is far too important to be left body is strong and resilient, so, conversely, exclusively to the techniques of the law. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the mind and spirit of man are fraU. Prisons imbalance in our system of crlminal justice Wednesday, November 28, 1973 make little effort to restore a man's dignity must be corrected so that we give at least and confidence 1n himself. What prison ac­ as much attention to the defendant after he Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, the Novem­ tually does is destroy the human fiber which is found guilty as before. We must examine ber 1973, Ebony carries a photo-editorial makes man a part of the human race. Pris­ into the causes and consequences of the pro­ on crime in the black community. It is ons, if only meant for detention, serve this tracted warfare our system of justice fosters. most distressing that at a time when, for primative principle well; yet what else should Whether we find it palatable or not, we must survival, all black people must work a prison do? The criminal is told he must proceed, even in the face of bitter contrary pay his debt to society, but what or who or experiences, in the belief that every human together to build our communities, some where is society? being has a splrlt somewhere bidden 1n him blacks try to rip-off others. They play At sentence time the judge talks a little that will make it possible for redemption and the oppressor's game. And as Ebony says, about rehabllitation and deterrence. The rehabilltation. If we accept the idea that the time has come for all black citizens judge hopes for the best, yet he has only the each human, however bad. 1s a chlld of God, to use "their ballots and marching feet" vaguest idea of what happens to the offender we must look for that spark:'---chief Justice to counterattack the enemy within. after sentence day. If prisons are meant for Warren E. Burger. As chairman of the Congressional rehabllitation, making license plates is not While not so distant in space and time yet the answer. It is cruel and wrong to sen­ worlds apart from the Texas correctional Black Caucus I can say that the caucus tence one for rehabilitation to an institution viewpoint, our goal and commitment should would be glad to participate in any con­ where rehabilitation facUlties are completely be to undertake one of the finest forest vention dealing with the problem of lacking. reclamation projects, so to speak, taking black-on-black crime. Since we are not I am not saying empty the prisons and precedence over many others, because you are expert on the full social and economic break down the walls. No one can defend one not reclaiming trees, but human timber. impact of the phenomenon, our role hundred per cent decarceration. Prisons can­ What finer goal is there than to increase the should be supportive of the effort to draw not be totally abolished. We are not advocat­ greatest natural resource of the United States up a master plan. ing that philosophy. The millenium has which is the reservoir of its useful citizens. not arrived. Nor do I want to surface as a Then and only then shall we be able to insure The article follows: Utopian. There is a need for prisons, but not the right of the individual to live free from BLACK-ON- BLACK CluME the type that generally exist in this country. attack and not be required to endure the On the South Side of Chicago, a middle­ Allow the criminal to play some meaning­ pain Inevitably felt by tomorrow's victims. class black man parked his car about half a ful and fulfllllng role in society. Do not There is no political capital in prison re­ block from a busy intersection, walked to a completely extricate him from society and form. You wUl be called a bleeding heart or mallbox on the corner and was halfway back think you can plug him back 1n when the a liberal do-gooder. But you are not running to his car when he was assaulted by two time comes. for office. Neither the "soft on crime" nor the young men who knocked him down, took his It 1s the part of every citizen to help the "hard line" has worked. Someone must re­ wallet, kicked him and tried to stab him crim1nal as he would assist virtually any other assess these approaches. The Bar is the kind with a knife. Cut about the arm, the man group needing a helping hand. Reform 1s des­ of group which recognizes the only hope for defended himself as best be could. The thugs perately needed, and through the benevolence the prisoner. were so engrossed 1n their attack that they of every individual and the collective com­ In a society that has learned to tolerate did not notice a squad car pull up and two munity of individuals, we can strengthen our dissent, there must be room for espousing policemen leap out. Caught red-handed the nation and look forward to the perhaps un­ unpopular causes that are as just and mean­ men were arrested on the spot. This hap­ attainable day when barred cubicles colored ingful as human rights and civll liberties. pened 1n the early evening of a fall day. And in resignation, bitterness and disgrace wlll no The State and Federal Bars and Judiciary it happened just a block from a police station. longer need to exist. should join in prison reform. Only a sense of In a tenement stairway in Harlem, a teen­ Hardly a day passes without some news­ justice can enlist consensus. I invite all mem­ ager died of an overdose of drugs. He had paper report of prison riots, prisoner suicides bers of the Bar to join in a pledge of interest bought them from a neighborhood pusher actions by prisoners against wardens, and and cooperation. For myself, I hope to be with money he himself bad raised by stealing general barbarous conditions. We read about identified with those who are dedicated to and selling a television set. Attica with its bloody results. The subject has eliminating the blight of our present prison On an afternoon in Washington, D.C., enlisted the attention of men and women of system. It has serious pertinence not only to assassins burst Into the peaceful head­ many interests and professions. Among them the bench and bar, but it is directly pertinent quarters of a religious sect and brutally I must mention former Governor of New to the general welfare and well being of our killed men, women and chlldren-ln the Jersey, Richard J. Hughes, who has accepted country on every level. middle of an afternoon. the chairmanship of the American Bar Asso­ It is said that not even a bird falls to In a residential area of Detroit's West ciation Commission on Correctional Facillties earth unheeded. Let us not fail to recognize Side, police discovered seven bodies. Their and Services. He has been conscientious and the acutely delicate situation inside our pres­ bands had been tied behind their backs and devoted in his efforts to Inspire the members ent day prisons. Leonard Bernstein 1n his each had been shot 1n the back of the head 1n of the bar and to enlist their efforts in the Mass admonishes his audience when one of gangland execution style. They were victims elimination of this tragic condition. his singers bewilderedly muses, "How easily in a drug war brought on when young blacks I am satisfied that the quallty and the things get broken." How easlly man's spirit battled for control of the distribution of status of our institutions is a blight on the is broken! Let us evolve out of primitive marijuana, cocaine, pep pills and heroin. functioning of our laws governing the treat­ penal cruelty to the mind, body and, more The drug war spread from coast-to-coast and ment of condemned criminals. importantly, to the spirit of man. We can­ additional young men and women died in As an example of a more recent prison con­ not allow the present situation to persist if the underworld battle. dition, I would cite a case which was lately we expect inmates to relinquish their former In Ohicago, a van drove up to an apart­ submitted to the attention of the United selves while we reawaken and instill in them ment house. The "movers" went Into the States Supreme Court on an application for a sense of moral and social value. building, removed the door from an apart­ a writ of certiorari. The issue involved was A Russian ex-convict named Fyodor Dos­ ment and carted o:ff every piece of furniture the constitutional propriety of the treatment toevskl wrote: of any value. of a prisoner under a program of solitary "The degree of civllization in a society can confinement in a typical Texas correctional be judged by entering its prisons." Why must CRIMES OF BLACKS AGAINST BLACKS institution. The writ was denied in October we walt for a serious crisis to develop before The unifying theme of the crimes men­ 1972. Sellars et als., petitioners v. George Beto, we stand up to be counted and heard? tioned here (and they are just a sampling Director, Texas Department of Correction, 34 I know that as lawyers we can add very of the thousands committed every year) 1s L. Ed. 2d 233. Mr. Justice Douglas wrote a mi­ substantial "clout" in the minds of the that they are crimes by blacks agat.n.st nority opinion against the denial of the writ. general community. blacks, crimes committed in the ghetto by Justices Brennan and Marshall concurred. In A lawyer's obligation to society 1s per- people who also live there. 38506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973

They ~re among the crimes ranging from in every black ghetto, the good law-abiding We now know that the loss of many petty purse snatching to cold-blooded, pre­ and hardworking people greatly outnumber millions of dollars worth of timber can­ mediated murder which make the ghetto a. those who live outside the law. The law­ not be prevented by any other means ex­ dangerous, more expensive and inconvenient abiding people must, therefore, demand the cept the discriminate use of DDT-which place to live. In most major cities cab drivers right to live in peace and in safety, and that refuse to carry fares into many areas after demand must be made. and enforced, by was banned by the EPA in 1972. dark. Black businessmen, especially those whatever means are necessary. The black This country and this Congress can no operating small service businesses such as criminal must be told in no uncertain terms longer afford the luxury of simply be­ grocery stores, drug stores, real estate offices, that his assaults and his thievery and his moaning our fate at the hands of a taverns, laundromats, etc., find it difficult dope-pushing and his murders will no bureaucratic "Frankenstein's Monster" to secure proper insurance, and their losses longer be suffered in silence. He must be which we ourselves have created. We are from petty thievery to armed robbery often made to know that decent black people are in this situation because of our overre­ drive them out of business. A sign on a. real going to use their ballots and their march­ estate office in a. middle-class neighborhood ing feet to demand that the politicians they action to a perfectly valid concern for in Ch icago tells its customers, "We do not have elected now provide them with ade­ the indiscriminate use of pesticides; but accept cash for any transactions." Signs on quate, truly effective pollee protection as well in our eagerness to solve a problem, we delivery trucks declare: "Driver has no cash." as amelioration of all the horrid social con­ have created a situation in which respon­ Busses and street cars accept only exact ditions in which criminality breeds. He must sible Federal agencies, such as the Forest change with the money falling through the be made aware that decent black people Service and the Department of Agricul­ change box into a. safe which even the driver are on the lookout for him and that he is ture, have been prevented, in spite of cannot open. Some "public" stores have a subject to such measures as those taken by their obvious expertise in the subject, buzzer lock on their doors and will admit black mothers in Harlem who smashed only those customers the owner wishes to dope-pushers' cars with baseball bats and from directing the responsible use of ap­ let ln. Operation PUSH's "Black Men Moving" who propriate insecticides, even in the in­ MISUSE OF BLACK BROTHERHOOD confronted Chicago's vicious teen-age street stances where the only option was cata­ During the past decade there has been a gangs and announced "We've had enough strophic destruction of public and great growth of black pride among blacks in of your killing and your intimidation, and private property. all walks of life. More and more, blacks are from now on real black men are going to be It is now the responsibility of this Con­ realizing that they must work together the ones you'll have to take on." While we gress to impose rational restraints on the against a common oppressor if they are ever do not urge the vigilante approach, we cer­ tainly can understand the desperate situa­ extreme and authoritarian manner with to gain freedom in the white-dominated which well-intentioned laws have been United States. Unfortunately, some blacks tion which suggests that decent, law-abiding have misused black brotherhood. The two black people are fed up and wlll take no administered, and to do so in the inter­ men who attempted to rob and stab the more. ests of the welfare of the people of this middle-class Chicagoan later pleaded with country, our environment and our econ­ him through their lawyers that, as a "black omy. The time has come when we can brother," he should drop the case. Black WASHINGTON STATE HOUSE CALLS no longer base our decisions upon emo­ merchants sometimes use the "black brother" FOR USE OF DDT AGAINST TUS­ tionalism which allows no room for re­ appeal in unloading shoddy merchandise on SOCK MOTH sponsible consideration of the facts rel­ their black brothers and a few charlatans in ative to such urgent problems. the civil rights movement have used their H.R. 10796 was designed to put the groups to rip off both whites and blacks. HON. MIKE McCORMACK authority for the management and pro­ THE CAUSES OF CRIME AMONG BLACKS OF WASHINGTON tection of forest and agricultural lands Crime has aways been greater in areas of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against insect infestations back in the poverty, and the causes are legion. The poor hands of the Department of Agriculture. man struggling to keep his family fed and Wednesday. November 28. 1973 clothed will sometimes, in desperation, rob to insure that future wholesale and un­ a store. But the bulk of crimes are com­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker. sup­ necessary destruction, such as we in the mitted by those who are. psychologically, port has been coming in from all over Northwest have seen due to the tussock outside of society. Blacks today, even though the country for the legislation I have in­ moth, will not happen again. Because of they have made great strides forward in cer­ troduced (H.R. 10796) directing the Ad­ the lack of expertise and motivation in tain areas and now have "legal" equality, are ministrator of the Environmental Pro­ EPA, and their neglect of these critical still an oppressed people and, as psychiatrist tection Agency to accept and approve all insect infestations in the Nation, a major Alvin F. Poussaint has said in Why Blacks registration applications presented to outpouring of taxpayers' money must Kill Blacks, "Violence can be a. potent drug for the oppressed person. Reacting to the him by the Secretary of Agriculture for now be committed for necessary acceler­ futUity of his life, the individual derives an use on forest and agricultural lands to ated reforestation. ultimate sense of power when he holds the control insect infestations. We have turned to these legislation fate of another human being in his hands ... Thirteen of our colleagues ha.ve joined means to insure that this technical com­ frustrated men may beat their wives and in cosponsoring this legislation, which petence within USDA is brought to bear children in order to feel "manly." Expectedly, was just recently reported out by the in all future determinations, and that these impulses are exagger-ated in men· who House Committee on Agriculture on No­ administrative processes are based on are hungry and without work. Violent acts vember 12. I am particularly happy that thorough technical and professional find­ and crime often become an outlet for a desperate man struggling against a feeling one of the cosponsors is chairman of the ings and fact, not emotionalism and of inferiority." Subcommittee on Forests, Congressman dogma. That feeling of inferiority and the desper­ JoHN RARICK, who has been responsible This legislation is not designed or in­ ate desire "to be somebody" cannot be S81tis­ for the expeditious treatment this bill tended to respond to a singular event, fled with slogans. "I'm black and I'm proud" was accorded by the committee. Our co­ or a unique situation. It is intended as is all right as a beginner but the young black sponsors represent both political parties. general legislation to serve the entire must be given more if he is to be converted all sections of the country, and include country in the future. We want to make to true black brotherhood. The teen~ager other key members of the House Agri­ joining a ghetto gang is a.t least given a sense certain that the unnecessary waste of of belonging and a purpose in life--even if culture Committee·. our forests-an important facet of our that purpose be a wrong one. The bill, which was considered too con­ environment, our recreation, and our Many middle-class blacks who decry the troversial by some, is overwhelmingly im­ economy-and the health hazard now crime statistics built up by their poorer portant. It is urgent that the Congress faced by farmers who must use danger­ brethren are often themselves a part of the face up to the damage that has been ous pesticide substitutes for DDT, will cause of t he crimes. More than one "respect­ done by insect infestations in various not be sanctioned in the future. parts of the country, and take the neces­ able" South Side Chicago matron wm tell Mr. Speaker. at this point in the you, "I know a man who can get you any~ sary steps to correct it for the future. thing you want from Marshall Field's store. Devastation in the West by the tus­ RECORD, there being no objection, I Just give him the size and color." sock moth this year is equal to that done would like to insert the text of a Wash­ WHAT CAN BE DONE? by a number of major forest fires. If this ington State House of Representatives The problem of ridding the ghetto of crime much damage had been done by fire, it :floor resolution. sponsored by State is a difficult one and the solving of that prob­ would have been considered a major dis­ Representatives Johnson. Savage, Kil­ lem must start within the ghetto itself. With~ aster. bury, Conner, and Hayner. It is a bl- November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38507 partisan resolution, expressing the sense TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENERGY want to cover; various responses already have of the people of Washington State who CRISIS been made, but more imaginative response~ are concerned about our environment, can be made in the future as we come to our great turning point in man's use ot our recreation potentials, and our econ­ energy. omy. HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG Human beings make all kinds of responses The resolution follows: OF MICHIGAN to a crisis-usually emotional ones. We've RESOLUTION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES already had too much of this, along ;rtth Whereas, The Douglas fir tussock moth is insufficient technical response. The response defoltating Douglas and white fir trees and Wednesday, November 28, 1973 of man's technology to the energy crisis can other vegetation on an estimated 650,000 Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, in the take two forxns: acres in the States of Washington and Ore­ face of the energy crisis which has de­ Conserving energy with existing hardware; gon, which area aggregates about 1,000 square Looking into the future and utliizing en­ miles, of which some 230,000 acres, or 360 manded so much of the Nation's atten­ ergy to accomplish man's tasks on a more square miles, are in Washington State, and tion 1n the past few weeks, I wish to efficient basis through emerging technology. in addition there are major infestations in bring to the attention of my colleagues First, let's look at how energy is consumecl Idaho; and the remarks of Dr. Earle B. Barnes, the in our country today. Whereas, This area of damage is fifty per­ president of Dow Chemical, U.S.A., on USING AND SAVING ENERGY cent larger than the area predicted for 1973; industry's response. Industry uses about 40 per cent of our and Dr. Barnes, in his reasoned and en­ energy and conservation programs are well Whereas, This damage is threatening the lightening remarks, points out that all underway here; 35 per cent heats, cools and forest based economy of the area, is destroy­ energy consumers can take action to re­ operates home equipment; transportation of ing the entire ecological balance of the area people and of goods consumes the remaining including degradation of watershed values duce consumption and thus contribute to 25 per cent. necessary to the agricultural economy, .arid the alleviation of our difficulties. Further, As instrument engineers well know, pre­ is ruining recreational values; and he notes the responsibility of industry to cise measurements are now mandatory for Whereas, High soU temperatures and the long-term solution of the energy the industrialist who desires maximum yield, other problems in the denuded area make crunch. product quality, pollution control and a reforestation extremely difficult, and, to­ Americans have traditionally re­ sound energy conservation program. Today, gether with inadequate nursery capacity to sponded over the years to our national industry counts the Btu's required to make grow planting stock, will delay regeneration needs, so industry, which has the tools to a pound of product just like overweight of the area for many years; and meet this new challenge, will respond to­ humans count calories. In chemical plants, Whereas, Application of DDT is the only day. it has been a standard practice to keep ma­ known control measure for the Douglas fir terial balance records, but a recently intro­ tussock moth; and I commend Dr. Barnes' remarks to my duced extension of this idea is that the en­ Whereas, In 1963, 26,600 acres of heinlock colleagues: ergy used in each process is totaled, just as looper infestation were sprayed with DDT in TACKLING THE ENERGY CRISIS WITH are the raw materials used. Furthermore, the the State of Washington, and in 1965, 65,945 TECHNOLOGY energy needed for pollution control or any­ acres of Douglas fir tussock moth infestation (The following article is based upon a talk thing else in the manufacturing process must were sprayed with DDT, and the report pub­ of October 17, 1973 before the Instrument also be accounted for. A small increase in lished by the concerned agencies which moni­ Society of America. The author is Dr. Earle yield sometimes does not justify the energy tored both these projects reveals that no B. Barnes, President, Dow Chemical U.S.A.) consumed to generate the improved yield. SOme big process plants run heat and ma­ significant damage to the environment was Last spring, Johnny Cash was just start- detected; and terial balances every 20 minutes around the ing to sing about the gasoline shortage and clock and tune up accordingly for optimum Whereas, Acting on recommendations of people were deciding to stay home over forest entomologists, the U.S. Forest Serv­ plant operation. Memorial Day. About then, I succumbed to Energy can't be saved until you know ice, the States of Washington and Oregon, as the semantics of our time by using the phrase well as the town of Walla Walla, in 1973 where you are wasting it. So the energy prob­ "energy crisis". We have heard so much of lem offers a field day for those involved with requested the Environmental Protection this term that some people are probably Agency to grant permission for emergency instrumentation-both users and manufac­ getting a little tired of it. While a few !)arts turers. Industry will always need instruments use of DDT to control the Tussock Moth of the USA have experienced a shortage of that offer better measurements and greater disaster; and gasoline or a shortage of heating oil in the reliabliity, and new instruments to measure Whereas, The Environmental Protection past year, most of the American public has new variables continuously. Agency denied these requests; and not yet felt the effects of any real crisis... For highly instrumented plants, we no · Whereas, There is now no evidence that ex­ but they soon may. longer need ask the computer to do some­ pansion of this damage will be contained by Why call it an energy crisis? A crisis can thing and assume that it has been done. We natural causes or approved pesticides before be defined as a "turning point for better or now ask the computer, "Have you done what additional damage is created in 1974. worse", and we certainly are at a turning you were told to do?", and receive verlfl­ Now therefore, be it resolved by the House point. People with vision have s~en this cation. of Representatives, That the Executive and situation coming for a decade or two, so then To conserve energy, neither the consumer Legislative branches of the federal govern­ perhaps the so-called energy crisis is a good nor manufacturer can wait to coiTect a mal­ ment be requested to take all actions neces­ thing. function until after an energy loss. In the sary to assure that the appropriate agencies For years, both individual consumers and past, we postponed cleaning a heat exchanger have the authority and means, including industry used cheap energy inefficiently to when it quit working. Now a computer can the authority to use DDT if necessary, to save capital expenditures. If we now recog­ calculate heat exchanger efficiency contin­ take whatever steps are necessary to prevent nize that we are at a turning point, perhaps uoUSly; cleaning is undertaken at an opti­ additional damage from the Douglas fir tus­ a more rational approach can evolve from mum time rather than under emergency sock moth in 1973. the existing supply and demand marketplace. conditions. Increased energy cost wlll encourage the What does this approach to energy conser­ Mr. Speaker, the problems associated homeowner to insulate his house, will prompt vation mean to industry, and what have with insect infestations confronted many industry to redesign processes, and will sug­ instrumentation people contributed? Dow sections of the country in 1972, and still gest to the auto owner that perhaps he started an energy-conservation crash pro­ confront us in 1973. The time of action doesn't need a heavy 300-hp automobile. We gram about five years ago. Most of the first is essential. The protection of our forests must now invest capital wisely to save four years were devoted to creating sophisti­ energy. cated monitoring systems to find what we against mortality and fire, of our streams As wage rates soared after World Warn, were using or losing, where and when. La.st against sediment pollution from runoff, cheap energy in part enabled the U.S. to com­ year, Dow reduced energy consumption by 10 of our watersheds for lack of restraining pete in world markets. Now the U.S. manu­ per cent--while increasing yield-with an­ other 10 per cent reduction being realized foliage, our wildlife from lack of cover, facturer who expects to see his e~ort mar­ ket grow must respond quickly to rising this year. Certainly, Dow will reach a point and our recreation sites must be the first of diminishing return for its efforts, but in­ energy cos~top burning up fossile fuels order of environmental business. I be­ tends to set tough goals each succeeding year. at rapidly escalating rates. Analytical capa­ Most companies and private consumers can lieve H.R. 10796 is the responsible ac­ b1lity, &blllty to harness computers and in­ tion necessary at this time to insure this reduce energy requirements by at least 30 struments, and knowledge of process per cent, but even a conservative assumption Nation against further bureaucratic dynamics wUl enable the manufacturer to of 15 per cent is the equivalent of 2.8 million bungling in the future. conserve energy. And that's what I really barrels of oil per day. 38508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973

APPLYING TECHNOLOGY TO THE ENERGY THE WILD BLUE YONDER Alaskan pipeline and building nuclear plants PROBLEM I have been a science fiction fan for 40 fast. The point is that we are adequately The key to conserving energy-in a kitchen years and the most unbelievable thing is how forewarned that our response and technology or in an industrial plant-lies in consuming much of what was fiction 40 years ago iS to develop new sources must be greatly ac­ only the exact amount of energy required to science today. Remember: the time gap from celerated. do the job. When a housewife makes tea, she the invention of the wheel to putting man One response of technology to a real emer­ usually heats more water than required and on the moon's surface is less than a single gency is famllla.r to everyone. In December often lets the teakettle boll-wasting en­ heartbeat in the history of human life. 1941, the Japanese cut off our natural rubber ergy-while she does another task. But in­ Man's recently accelerated time table of supply from the Far East. This product was strumentation can help industry save that achievement w1ll not be maintained without needed if Western civilization was to defend 2.8 million barrels of oil per day (or its drawing upon imagination as we exercise itself'. and the technological response by energy equivalent), keeping industry's ket­ inventive minds and creative hands. American industry was fantastic. Dire neces­ tle from boiling too long, by maintaining a Look realistically, but with rekindled sity brought forth the development of syn­ precise energy level. imagination, at untapped energy sources, thetic rubber. Both consumers and industry must invest and let us always remember that man cannot Today, we look hungrlly at the vast oU capital to save energy by insulating, design­ create energy. The good Lord gave us energy reserves of the Middle East and play political ing new processes, and measuring accurately that is fantastically abundant from the and economic chess to maintain its fiow to the energy used as well as conserving energy ancestral sun. It is predicted that this source our shores. by the obvious methods of turning off un­ wlll be available to us for about four blllion · Today we are adequately forewarned, and needed equipment (lights we don't need). -years. our technological reservoir is far advanced Instrument manufacturers and users have a This gives us a little time. and often unused (this was not so in 1941). great opportunity to develop sensors to meas­ The sun provides 1 kW/m 2 per day. If you At the same time, we are acutely aware of ure what we're wasting so we know what to don't think that is a lot of energy, get out the need to reverse two trends, the waste of energy and the pollution of our planet save. your slide rule. Think for a moment about This line of attack is the best technolog­ what solar energy already does. It grows through misuse of energy and raw material. ical short-term approach, because we're al­ all of our plants, forests and food supply, The technological response has begun on ready using resources faster than we can af­ and provides rainfall. All the fossil fuels in both counts. Let's speed it up, a.nd approach ford to. But this isn't a way to conserve our eXistence could not outproduce the sun for our more serious problems as we did the con­ way out of present equipment and technol­ a single day. quest of space, always remembering that ogy applications. We must keep innovating Solar energy is here for the taking-waiting imagination is the first prerequisite and that to improve living conditions and give man for efficient conversion methods that can be the impossible 1s only a state of mind. Let's accomplished with available capital and effi­ work to leave future generations with such even greater leverage in his work with more an abundance of energy that all men can efficient use of energy. cient transmission methods that depend upon the development of solid-state con­ share it without exercising might and mlli­ Many technological advances lllustrate ta.ncy in its pursuit. this point; for example, low energy, solid­ ductivity or superconductors. Breakthroughs state devices such as transistors and inte­ wm come in our lifetime. Solar energy is grated circuits during the past 25 years absolutely clean, and no one can steal it; have saved countless kilowatts. everyone on this globe has an equal chance A TV set built with solid-state circuits re­ to acquire it; and there is no need to fight THANKSGIVING 1973 quires about half as much electricity as one wars to possess it. At the Solar Energy In­ containing vacuum tubes. If the electronics stitute of the University of Delaware, avail­ engineers succeed in their quest for a solid­ able technology makes it feasible to discuss HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI state substitute for the big picture tube, the the cost of solar energy as compared to a OF ILLINOIS energy savings wlll multiply five-fold. conventional steam turbine plant. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RCA recently announced the development Since the 1930s, a man in Florida has pro­ of a pocket-size television camera with an vided hot water for his home at least eight Wednesday, November 28, 1973 image-sensing component that contains months of the year-with a box on his roof Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker. since more than 120,000 electronic elements on a filled with coiled copper pipes and covered · sllicon chip the size of a nickel. Fairchild with a black surface. This man-not a the Members have just returned from the Camera has demonstrated a six-ounce TV trained scientist-is several decades ahead of Thanksgiving recess. it is only appro­ camera not much larger than a cigarette most of the world's scientists in doing some­ priate that I insert into the REcoRD an package. thing about solar energy. article on this great American holiday One big computer, completed more than If the impossible just takes a little longer, that places it into its proper prospective. 15 years ago, employed 15,000 twin-triodes there is a second way to harness solar energy. Rather than delve into this subject and required 60,000 watts to operate. In ad­ The sun does it daily through a magnificent scientific achievement called photosynthesis. any longer, I direct to the attention of dition, it needed a large air conditioning the Members an editoriaJ in the Subur­ system to carry off the heat generated by the The sun takes C02 out of the atmosphere tubes. This 60,000-watt computer could do and makes cellulose and oxygen, producing ban Life-Illinois-which appeared in little more work than one ot today's sophisti­ untold blllions of tons of plants daily. If man their Thursday, November 22 issue. The cated pocket calculators that contains ICs can duplicate this process of nature, once article follows: and batteries. Speaking of batteries, com­ again we have a limitless source of energy. THANKSGIVING 1973 panies recently announced the use of molten­ The cycle could be perpetual, making cellu­ Despite current and projected shortages in salt electrolytes to pack as much as 10 times lose which could be burned to provide everything from fuel and newsprint to food the energy of a standard lead-acid battery energy; the burning process would regenerate products and some clothing materials, there into the same size package. C02 for this photosynthesis energy converter. is still much for which we Americans should Light as a form of energy is just beginning Far out? Most of today's technology would be thankful today in observing the 352nd to be harnessed and is now at just about have seemed much farther out to our found­ anniversary of the first Pilgrim feast in ing father~> just 200 years ago. Fantastic Massa.ch usetts. the stage of usefulness that electricity was technological developments occur everyday. when Edison began his inventing. Lasers, for We remain the most prosperous, free­ In an era when people are more interested thinking nation on this earth. We waste example, can accomplish many things with in watching a football game than watching only a fraction of the energy input that other more food and natural resources than most astronauts walk on the moon, we are bound countries on this globe consume each year. devices use. to have trouble getting people to understand And this wasteful mess is beginning to catch Only a generation ago, scientists fi.rst how the energy crisis will be solved by up with us in our current energy crisis. learned how to "pipe" light. Already the technology. President Nixon and other governmental commercial significance of this discovery is TIME FOR APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY officials have asked for a voluntary cutb.ack great, making hundreds of industrial and Maybe an emergency instead of a crisis is in the use of fuel oils, gasoline and electrical consumer devices more efficient and less what was needed. Things may be tough for power. Voluntary acceptance of this neces­ costly. a while, but it would certainly shorten de­ sary conservation is the only way to avoid These examples lllustrate how new tech­ velopment time. We waste too much time and stringent federal controls. nology can make exciting contributions to human effort building ships and hauling oil We are proud of the efforts being made­ around the world--do1ng pr1m1tive things in our communities to reduce consumption both industry and home. Our c1v111zat1on has like hauling wood instead of working on an of energy, but more public support is needed seen man grow from a one r .orsepower-or electrical generator. to make any sizeable dent in our power out­ ox power or camel power:-to being a 500-hp Certainly on a short-range basis, we are lay. man (adding up all the devices which work forced to do primitive things such as harness­ We can make it 1! we all work together. for him). Technology should provide him ing geothermal energy wherever we can, If a. single unused light were turned off in with even more service for less energy. tapping new oU reserves, speeding up the every home in this community, it would be- November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38509 surprising how much energy could be saved. way to affect change is to act, to enter into For every dollar spent on State and local If each motorist in our area would save a the democratic process in some way, however taxes on communication services, an in­ gallon or two of gasoline each week, either by small. I then became a participant in a La­ dividual will have to pay 8 cents in 1974 driving under 50 miles per hour or walking fayette citizens' committee. for excise taxes. This may not appear to to the corner store, it would be a big help. To do that I had to gain enough confidence Our people and the entire nation can in myself to act. Many women my age and in be very much, but pennies count up and either conserve our energy supply voluntari­ my circumstances--middle class, house in the in these days of rising costs and inflation ly or we w111 be compelled to do so by fed­ suburbs, husband in business or a profession, every cent counts. eral law, a step no one wants to see happen. kids, inflation, pollution-are going through I strongly urge my colleagues to join in Let's all get with it and do our share: Our a personal crisis simllar to the nation's. It is this effort to eliminate this double taxa­ efforts may not only help our nation through very easy to submit, without thinking, to the tion. a diffi.cult energy crisis but also should re­ traditional roles. Not to act is perhaps the sult in real savings in our own pocketbooks. greatest temptation for us who have lost a As we sit down to our tables of plenty, personal sense of worth but can take refuse enjoying today's Thanksgiving feasts, let us in material comfort and in fulfilling the tra­ PRESERVING THE PUBLIC UNIVER­ an remember that we w111 keep our blessings ditional roles. The incipient promise of Amer­ SITY AND COLLEGE a lot longer if we demonstrate more pru­ ica that was ours as chlldren in school some­ dence with our resources. times emerges as we stand over the kitchen sink. We feel then the tremendous waste of HON. WILLIAM D. FORD our energies and intellect. It is like a pesky OF MICHIGAN fly buzzing into our safe and routine con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sciousness. we can either obliterate h1m and ELOQUENT BETRAYAL go on as before, or we can listen to our own Wednesday, November 28, 1973 conscience and do something before the promise of the American dream is withdrawn Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, HON. JOHN B. BREAUX forever, unrealized. on November 13, my friend and distin­ I have ended my sllence. I am learning to guished colleague, the gentleman from OF LOUISIANA act. If I can speak for other women, other Michigan (Mr. O'HARA) addressed the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans like me, I shall add, we have the convention of the National Association Wednesday, November 28, 1973 strength to be all, not only to fulfill our tra­ of State Universities and Land-Grant ditional roles, but to speak up for ourselves Colleges in Denver, Colo. Mr. BREAUX. Mr. Speaker, no doubt and to act for our not-so-small bit of hu­ all of us have been receiving nwnerous manity. Mr. O'HARA, serves this body as chair­ telegrams, telephone calls, and letters Only we can realize the American dream. man of the special subcommittee on edu­ concerning constituent reactions to the cation, which has jurisdiction over higher events of the past few weeks, reactions education legislation. He has, on several whioh have varied according to the sen­ occasions recently spoken out in opposi­ timent expressed. THE ELIMINATION OF A TAX tion to proposals to raise tuition at pub­ But aside from the direct reaction to ON A TAX lic colleges and universities. His remarks Watergate, impeachment, and related in Denver, which I include at this point matters of immediate concern, I have in the RECORD, swn up his views on this HON. JAMES ABDNOR controversial subject: noticed that people are giving deep and OF SOUTH DAKOTA very personal thought to these very seri­ ADDRESS OF HON. JAMES G. O'HARA ous questions and issues that are plagu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Let me say at the outset that I address Wednesday, November 28, 1973 this group in a state of substantial inse­ ing our Nation. curity. I am a new boy on campus in the A young housewife in my district, Mrs. Mr. ABNOR. Mr. Speaker, today I am field of higher education. My distinguished Judith B. Grossman of Lafayette, La., introducing legislation which if enacted predecessor, Representative Edith Green of has shared with me her feelings and be­ will remove the grossly unfair Federal Oregon, presided over the Special Subcom­ liefs on these matters and most elo­ excise tax on amounts paid for State and mittee for well over a dozen years before quently portrayed the concerns which I local taxes on communication services moving on to the Appropriations Committee. believe most Americans now hold. If any such as telephone bills. The problem is She left behind an impressive record of lasting benefit can come from the pres­ achievement and constructive legislation, such that the Internal Revenue Service and I have been busying myself during most ent situation, I believe it will come in the has ruled that the Federal excise tax of the ten months that I have had that chair fonn of an awakening realization must include amounts paid for State and in beginning to learn my way around and throughout the Nation that complacency local taxes on telephone bills. This through the secret passages, hidden trap­ 1s dangerous and that active participa­ amounts to double taxation and inequity doors and other gothic trappings in the tion in our governmental and politioo.l in our tax laws. Higher Education Act and its awrtliary stat­ system by everyone is vital if our system My State of South Dakota was one of utes. Only tlme will tell whether there is' is to survive. any way to get anywhere from where I now the first States the ms ruled against. am. But I am trying. Permit me to share with my coll~oues Today this double taxation effects Dli­ So this fall I have been speaking in front Mrs. Grossman's thoughts on this nois, Iowa, Kentucky, Minn~ota, Mis­ of a succession of the nation's most distin­ subject: sissippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, guished educators. A couple of weeks ago, ELOQUENT BETRAYAL North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South caro­ I chaired a panel at the meeting of the I am a housewife in her thirties. I have lina, and Tennessee. It has been pro­ American Council on Education. Shortly after never written my congressman before, I am jected that within the next year about that, I spoke to a luncheon group of the sorry to say, but I have rarely missed voting College Entrance Examination Board. Last in any election since registering in Louisiana 45 States will have to compute the 9 per­ week, I addressed a dinner meeting of the in 1962. cent excise tax by including any State Association of Independent Colleges and Contrary to rumors about the apathy of the or local taxes for services rendered. Al­ Schools. And today, I am addressing you. American people, I believe that most other though we will only have an 8 percent ex­ A reasonable question might be "O'Hara, citizens, as I, have sllently agonized over the cise tax next year in 1974 and decreas­ who are you to be telling these experts what tragedy that Watergate has come to mean to ing 1 percent each year thereafter, we is going to happen to education? Shouldn't the world. I have spent as much time search­ you content yourself with getting their ad­ ing my soul over my political thinking as over must act to correct this double taxation. my vice and acting on it?" any of my other beliefs. Yet I have never had When this problem first came to On the whole, I have been and wlll con­ enough confidence in myself to express my attention in August, I thought that it tinue to content myself with getting the ad­ political beliefs. I also felt that well-known was due to the particulars of the way our vice of spokesmen for every sector of Amer­ helplessness to do anything about it anyway. tax laws were written in South Dakota, ican education-including college and uni­ Because of the thinking begun by Water­ but it is now apparent that all but New versity presidents, student financial aid of­ gate early on, I saw through the fallacy of York and Georgia may be affected and fleers, the people at One Dupont Circle in the "sllent majority," that a silent majority thus the need for our action. My col­ Washington, among the most helpful of is no majority at all, but an abnegation of be whom w111 always be my old friend Ralph responsibility (however small) as citizens. leagues might better ab!e to see the Huitt a.nd my new friend Jerry Roschwa.lb. Not only was my laziness irresponsible, but it possible affects to their State by know­ I shall continue to soltcit and give very care­ was used to indicate support for thinking ing that in South Dakota alone, this ful and respectful attention to the ideas of sometimes contrary to my own. My silence double taxation will amount to a total economists and political scientists and stu­ was working against me. I saw that the only of about $300,000 to $400,000 in 1974. dents of postsecondary education itself. The 38510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 men and women who man the controls and 15 to 20 percent for the lowest group, up to and property a.s a source of income were as make the machine go will be among the first perhaps 70 or 75 percent for the highest." follows: I shall always consult if my Subcommittee That a family with a.n income of under Income of $5,000 to •15,000-85% from is to function in a.n informed and useful $6,000 ought not to be burdened with 40 wages, 12% from property. manner. percent of the cost of educating its children Income of 15,000 to 25,000-78% from But in the last analysis, in the field of in college is obvious. wages, 21% from property. higher education a.s in every other field, it We do not burden such a. family with that Income of 25,000 to 50,000-47% from is precisely the inexpert value judgments of kind of cost when those children are in ele­ wages, 51% from property. the public which wlll prevail and if we are mentary and secondary school, and I see no Income of over lOO,OOG-17% from wages, to accept the basic idea of free government, reason why we should continue to do so at 82% .from property. should prevail. the postsecondary level. Remember that the tax rate on property The interests that education legislation But I !all to follow the chain of logic that income averages 65% of the tax rate on wage must serve first are the interests of the stu­ leads !rom the proposition that the burden income. dents who use the system and the interests must be lifted from the very low-income Remember, too, that enormous amounts of of the parents and the other taxpayers who consumers to the conclusion that it must that property tax derives from tax-free mu­ provide the system with all of its llfeblood. then be added to the burden already borne nicipal bonds, and other tax shelters-and So I comfort myself as I look at a. · room by the consumer in the $10-20 thousand try to understand that the man whose income filled with men whose educational credentials dollar income range. derives mostly from his own one or two jobs, I cannot hope to meet. I comfort myself with And to assert that doing so would lower and his wife's job, is not going to be im­ the thought that, a.s a. taxpayer, as a father the financial barriers between postsecondary pressed when we tell him that he is being of seven children, the two oldest of whom education and the consumer is simple non­ "subsidized" because he is not charged most are just beginning postsecondary education, sense. of what lt costs to educate his kids a.t a and a.s a.n imperfect refiection of the ideas Let me tell you from the point of view of university his taxes pa.ld for. and prejudices and hopes and aspirations the Detroit area auto worker who is making Let me stay with Dr. Raines' article briefly of the people of my Congressional District, I over $12,000 a year now and is working over­ because he presents us with some very dis­ a.m not wholly disqualified to have judgments time to do it--from the point of view of the quieting evidence about the lifestyle of these on how this nation should and will direct school teacher or the policeman or the ac­ supposedly affiuent, supposedly upwardly its attention. My judgments are falUble. countant or the salesman who has to moon­ mobile middle Americans. And to some extent, they refiect the con­ light to make ends meet, it doesn't make Let's look as he does, a.t the 1971 Bureau cerns of a constituency of middle-income sense blithely to suggest that he ought to be of Labor Statistics "Intermediate Level of Americans who pay the bllls and shoulder forced to pay more of the money he doesn't Living" budget, and see how an urban family so many of the burdens of these troublesome have to send his kids to college--in the name of four with an $11,000 income really lives. times. of removing financial barriers. First--almost two thousand dollars of that Let me put it another way. I have one Dr. John Raines, assistant professor of income went to taxes. son a.t a. great State University and another religion at Temple University recently wrote, $50 dollars a week went to food. When a.t an equally great State Land-Grant Insti­ for Christian Century, an article called "Mid­ these figures were compiled that meant meat tution, and I will use every opportunity I dle America: Up Against the Wall and Going three times a week-mostly hamburger. I get to talk to you about what the future Nowhere." I think some of Dr. Raines' ob­ suspect that is a dimly remembered dream ought to hold for these two sons--and their servations make a. great deal of sense here. for many of these families today. brothers and sisters. In 1949, he points out, one per cent of the $219 a. month went to housing expenses, And it is !rom that point of view that I American people owned 21 per cent of the including utllities, mortgage payments, fur­ think we are going to have to address the total personal wealth in the nation. During niture, repairs, etc. great educational policy questions that are the past twenty-five years while we have $612 a year went to medical costs. now being so hotly debated. been comforting ourselves with the idea that Almost a. thousand dollars a. year went to on one of those issues, as I think most more and more Americans are becoming af­ transportation-which is mostly the cost of of you have heard, I have recently spoken fiuent, that one per cent has raised its share getting back and forth to work and the out. of total personal wealth to 40% or more! grocery store. I have denounced, and I wlll continue to Says Dr. Raines, "There has been upward A little over a thousand dolla:rs a. year denounce the proposals which have been mob111ty 1n America--not at the middle but went to clothing for this family of four. made, and which will continue to be made, to a.t the top, which 1n 20 years has doubled its $563 a year went to insurance, union dues, demand that the alleged "tuition gap" be­ distance !rom the rest of us." Christmas presents, and charitable contribu­ tween those institutions supported by tax­ He further cites income statistics-al­ tions. based appropriations, and those institutions ready six years old-so we can safely assume $684 a year went to amusements, includ­ supported by tax-privileged endowments be that lnftation has made them substantially ing the payment of the TV, to books and narrowed by raising the fioor, in the apparent worse-which show that in 1967, 56% of the records and newspapers, a vacation, and hope of making the ce111ng look lower. American families in the 7-10 thousand in­ school supplies and toys! I have said about those proposals that it come bracket; 67% of those in the 10-12 That is the lifestyle of an American family is time to blow the whistle on the efforts of thousand bracket; and 75% of those in the which, the academic economists tell me is the rich to aid the poor with the resources 12-15 thousand dollar bracket got there by "above the median." That is the lifestyle that of the middle-class. having two or more wages 1n the family. some bankers, attorneys, and industrialists And I will continue to say it a.s long as In other words, according to Dr. Raines "Not think can be made a little more austere so those proposals continue to be made. massive middle-class a.ffiuence but massive that these "upwardly mobile" Americans can I may have missed some aspect of eco­ middle-class moonlighting-that 1s what the avail themselves of the privilege of an edu­ nomic analysis, but I a.m finding it very con­ figures show." cation for their kids. fusing to be told that people who are already I submit, ladles and gentlemen, that mid­ That is how the people live who are ac­ finding it difficult to go to the public uni­ dle-class Americans in families where both cused by the academic economy of not con­ versity are going to be helped to go to the parents have to work-sometimes a.t more tributing enough toward their own kids' ed­ private ones by raising the tuition at the than one job-just to stay where they are-­ ucation-and the education of other people's places they can barely afford to attend right are not going to understand the reasoning kids, too. now. that suggests they are among the wealthy Part, of course, of the rationale for seeking Call it naivete, call it a. poor background and that they are not paying their fair higher tuition payments 1s the acceptance, ln undergraduate economics, ca.llit what you share of the cost of postsecondary education. perhaps out of pure pessimism, of the idea, will. Let's remember, whlle we are looking at fervently preached by the present Admin­ I don't think playing musical chairs with this affiuent auto worker whose wife has an istration, that we have reached the highest financial barriers to education helps anyone. office job, who probably has a small equity level we can hope to achieve in the public As I understand the reasoning which in a. house, owns a.n automobile he helped brings us to these conclusions it begins with support of postsecondary education, and build three or four years ago, and who owns that the only alternative is the rearrange­ the proposition that tuition does not, for a large bunch of bllls he and his wife are the most part, cover the total cost of instruc­ ment of those resources in more beneficial barely :::.ble to pay at the end of each ways. tion. month-that he 1s prob!llbly also paying a One set of figures in the recent Carnegie )l.igher effective rate of ta.x-sta.te and fed­ I am not suggesting any bad faith or evil Commission Report suggested that families eral on his income-based wealth than the motives on the part of those who accept, as in the below $6,000 income bracket contrib­ higher income professional man, or business­ graven on stone, the view of public priorities uted in tuition about 40 percent of the total man, whose true wealth may well rest more which has the blessing of Richard Nixon, cost of their chlldren's education, whlle fam­ and Roy Ash. ilies in the over $18,000 bracket contributed on property income than on wage income. But we do not have to assume that we have in tuition 55 percent of that cost. Let's look at those figures, too, if you think But at a recent Washington meeting, a we are creating a straw man here. no more resources to put into education. respected scholar drew from this the conclu­ In 1967, the same year a.s that from which It is possible to lower financial barriers at sion that "A system with real social equity John Raines drew the statistics quoted above, the bottom of the scale, without raising them would have resulted in a range from only the percentage relationships between wages further up on that scale. November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38511 And there 1s untapped wealth at the un­ attendance in the form of tuition fees at the who happen at the moment--as undergrad­ taxed top end of the income scale which can time of high school graduation, is as un­ uates or graduate students-to be "using" be used to help pay the costs of public edu­ sound as it would be to impose such bar­ the system. cation. riers at the end of the elementary school The American taxpayer has earned his But, above all, I am suggesting that the or at the end of the fourth grade." reputation as one of the most patient and economists' assumption that eduCSition only There, I suggest, you have the argument law-abiding people 1n the world. benefits the student is wholly unproven! in a nutshell. He pays his taxes, even when he isn't al­ I admit the validity of the argument that Either the education system benefits the together sure that he approves of what they a college education substantially increases a society as a whole, and access should be truly are being used for. student's likely income. universal-or it only benefits the student, He knows he is paying more taxes than his The figure I have seen most emphatically and he should pay the entire shot. President, and suspects, rightly or wrongly, offered is that a college degree holder w1l1 If education only benefits the individual that he is paying more than his banker, his likely earn, over the course of his lifetime, then we are beggaring ourselves as taxpayers doctor, his lawyer and perhaps even more something over $400,000 more than the aver­ to provide an expensive system of education, than the academic economist who is ponti­ age high school graduate. from the Kindergarten through the 16th ficating on how well subsidized that taxpayer I am not sure that figure takes into ac­ year, or beyond, which ought to be made is! count the effects of inflation either in terms available only to those who want to, and can Tell that taxpayer that he has to help a of money or in terms of job credential re­ pay for it. little more to open up the doors to college quirements-nor am I sure to what degree If that premise is correct, then there is, in­ for his own kids and everyone else's, and that figure may be attributable to the per­ deed, no justlfl.cation for the public educa­ he wlll grumble, but he will help. sonal drive and ambition that caused the tional institution, and none whatever for But you tell him that the sacrlfl.ces he 1s degree holder to go to college in the first the money-losing private educational institu­ already making, and the new ones you want place. tion. him to make are not to help his kids--that But let's assume for the sake of argument If that premise is right, indeed, education he and his children are too "a.filuent" to need that the degree itself produces that 400,000 should be wholly a profit-making enterprise, help-and we may have a very vivid bicen­ dollars. and Harvard and Macomb County Commun­ tennial observation of the Boston Tea Party! My answer is "so what?" ity Colleges should both start making money, But I think we can avoid that kind of The highway and the subway are both fi­ or go into the drink. confrontation between those who want to nanced, in large part, by non-users. But if that premise is incorrect--if as we save the values of a mixed educational sys­ In 1971, the United States Government have always believed, and as Whitehead so tem, and those who wm, in one form or subsidized 13 regional airlines to the tune eloquently said, "The race which does not another, have to continue to carry the load. of 63 m1111on dollars, and we are subsidizing value trained intelligence is doomed," then I think we can, without doing violence to shipbuilders, airports, and the sale of wheat the society itself derives a benefit from its our institutions, or stretching our legislative to Russian consumers! educational system far in excess of any in­ ingenuity out of shape, come up with educa­ The tax system is filled with provisions vestment that can be put into it in advance tional finance systems which wlll enable us which subsidize the home buyer, the bor­ by its immediate clientele. to reach the goal Thomas Wolfe painted rower of money, the motorist, the user of And if this is the case, I suggest that our for us: installment credit, the contributor to job is not to try to accustom ourselves to "So then to every man his chance-to every churches and nonprofit organizations. today's small visions, but to raise our eyes man regardless of his birth, his shining, And not least among the beneficiaries of to the goal of a truly universally available golden opportunity-to every man the right this latter kind of public subsidy is the bene­ educational system without cost barriers. to llve, to work, to be himself and to become factor of the private educational institution. I think we ought--indeed, I think we must whatever thing his manhood and his vision I am not singling out tax subsidies or try to create the opportunity for every Amer­ can combine to make him-this, seeker, is cash subsidies for criticism or defense. ican-whatever his background, whatever the promise of America." Whatever the merits of any one of them, his economic class-whatever his age or the we can all agree, at the very least, that the point he has reached in his career-to have individuals who claim each of these tax or access to a full range of postsecondary edu­ cash subsidies personally benefit from the cation opportunities-to the full extent ha HUD LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAM activities subsidized. can benefit from them. And some of those who do not benefit The kid just comtng out of high school; directly and individually from such subsi­ the mature person who wants to change a dies are among those whose tax payments HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ career, or who finds that his career has been OF TEXAS are needed to fund the cash subsidies and threatened by technology; the person ap­ replace the tax subsidies. proaching retirement who wants to live a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But a subsidy is justlfl.ed-or not--in richer life-to each of these the doors of Wednesday, November 28, 1973 terms of the benefit to the public as a postsecondary education must be opened, and whole. kept open. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, today I And until we are ready to abolish alto­ And an indispensable element of this, an am introducing a bill that would estab­ gether any form of subsidy to any activity element without which we cannot remain lish a HUD loan insurance program for which benefits any individual personally, where we are, must less move forward, is a then I think we have a long way to go be­ loans to nursing homes and intermediate well-financed, nation-wide system of low­ care facilities to enable them to install fore we can begin to justify singling out the tuition or no-tuition state universities, and student and his family for this exercise in colleges and community and junior colleges. fire safety equipment. Under this pro­ moral regeneration. That element is no less valuable than the posal loans would be limited to the Sec­ I submit that we do not spend money on indispensable system of independent institu­ retary's estimate of the reasonable cost education-we invest it, and I submit that tions which must be strengthened and pre­ of the equipment fully installed, and the we have done so since the origins of this Re­ served to provide a wide variety of choice for loans would contain other terms and public, and we have done so knowingly and those seeking an education. conditions prescribed by the Secretary. wisely. I accept the proposition that private edu­ The Northwest Ordinance, the Morrill Act, A provision to provide the necessary cation should not be priced out of the edu­ loans to nursing homes had been included the long list of Federal and State and local cational market place. decisions to put public money to the most We need our entire educational system. by the Housing Subcommittee in the pro­ fundamental of public purposes--the educa­ There is more need for education, for com­ posed Housing and Urban Development tion of children-all these bear witness to petent teaching, for research, for the spark· Act of 1972, but as you know this bill the validity of a concept that we are now ing of intellectual curiosity, and for training never reached the House :floor for a vote. being asked to discard, so that we can trim in job and professional skills, than we can As a result many nursing homes will our educational aspirations to the Pro­ hope to provide with the educational system begin to close their doors at the end of crustean dimensions set by the Budget. wenowha.ve. December because they have not been I think John Dale Russell made the point The wide-spread acceptance of the idea able to obtain loans to install the fire best in 1960, when he said: that the demand-indeed, the need-for equipment stipulated in regulations The reason for the support of education our educational system is shrinking is a out of the public treasury is that an im­ counsel of despair on which we cannot build prescribed in the 1967 Life Safety Code. portant public benefit is produced ... In our educational policies. The Social Security Amendments of these times there should be no question The American people wlll support, as they 1973 imposed the requirement that all whatever that education beyond the high are already supporting, a broadly based, open nursing homes and intermediate care school for a great many young people is as educational system. facilities meet the provisions of the Life essential to the public welfare and security And they wlll support it more readily if Safety Code of the National Fire Protec­ as education of elementary or secondary its costs are spread across the society it tion Association in order for patients in school level. To impose barriers to continued serves, and not concentrated wholly on those such facilities to retain their eligibility 38512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 under the medicare and medicaid pro­ 11ent points about it. "Overpopulation" is in­ before modern medicine brought about dra­ grams. creasingly cited as one of the principal rea­ matically increased life expectancies the I am sure that we all recognize the sons why unrestricted abortion has now be­ world over, thereby triggering the modern beneficial effect of such a requirement in come "necessary." We xnay note in passing "population explosion." Not only must the that the same alleged need for Lebensraum, recession of the death rate eventually cease, increasing the security of patients or living space, was brought forward to justi­ there are indications that it has ceased. In against fire. However, without the loans fy the extermination programs of the Nazis October, 1970, the World Health Organiza­ proposed in this bill many nursing homes 1n Germany. Just as xnany people acquiesced tion announced that the steady decline in and intermediate care facilities-a rough in the programs of the Nazis because of the death rates observed over the past 150 years estimate is 1,500 to 2,500 facilities-will supposed overriding needs of the German (coinciding precisely with the "population have to close their doors because they Fatherland, so today many people, fright­ explosion") appears now to be coming to a cannot obtain the financing for the pur­ ened by the horror stories told by the popu­ halt; mortality rates are fast approaching, chase and installation of the required lation Cassandras 1n our midst, seem to or have reached, an irreducible minimum. have been persuaded that abortion is neces­ "The findings have important implica­ safety equipment. Patients from these sary as a population control measure ... Ja­ tions for the problem of the population ex­ nursing homes will have to be absorbed pan, for example, has dramatically reduced plosion,'' a news story disclosing WHO's con­ by the State hospitals, and we all know its population growth rate by allowing abor­ clusions stated. "One of the causes of net that a majority of the State hospitals are tions virtually on demand. population increase . . . has been medical terribly overcrowded without these addi­ It is quite true that killing does reduce advances reducing infant mortality and com­ tional patients. the population, if that is indeed the only batting once-fatal diseases in later life. If I believe that you will recognize the consideration. In point of fact, however, we those advances have about reached their do not have to take at face value aJ.l the limit-and if sooner or later the same phe­ importance of this legislation, and I hysteria. a-bout the so-called population ex­ nomenon will be duplicated in presently sincerely hope that you will support my plosion. underdeveloped countries whose standards efforts when this bill reaches the fioor (1) The catastrophic predictions of many are rising-then at least one of the factors in for consideration. scientists and demographers are based on a the population increase will become stabi­ number of "if's" which are far from in­ lized." evitable. As for continuing high birth rates, the The first of these "if's" concerns the ac­ economist we have just quoted above makes IS THERE A POPULATION tual present population of the world. We are a further point: "All demographers know EXPLOSION? told that it is around 3.6 bUllon, having in­ that birth rates, even In the overpopulated creased by 2.5 billion 1n a litle more than a countries, are not up. They have been stabi­ century; it 1s calculated that it will double lized for years, and in the prosperous coun­ HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN in about 35 years. But--one of the experts tries are actually down in some cases sharp­ candidly admits-"the statistics are not ly. The United States at present has the OF KABYLAND exact, of course. There is no way of reg­ lowest birth rate in its history., (Italics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES istering 1the daily births and deaths for much added) The U.S. birth rate, in fact, has de­ of Asia., Africa, and South America. But the Wednesday, November 28, 1973 clined every year from a high of 25.3 per 1000 experts are in close agreement about the in 1957 to a low of 17.4 in 1971; a report by Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, one of the figures." This must inevitably remind us of the Washington Center for Metropolitan primary justifications for destroying un­ the "one million illegal abortions per year Studies indicates that there were 15.5 per cent born chUdren by abortion is the so-called in the United States,'' for which, however, fewer children under 5 years of age in 1970 there are no reliable statistics ••• than in 1960-this decrease of chlldren coin­ population explosion, despite the fact Whatever the accuracy of the figures, it that the United States is experiencing the cides with the greatest increase in the num­ is perfectly true and demonstrable that ber of people of child-bearing age. This de­ lowest birth rate in the history of our world population has grown phenomenally. crease of births has been accelerating over an Nation. Even if there were a population We do have the figures for North America, entire decade; it would seem that the in­ explosion, no one could justify denying Europe, and some other parts of the world, creased availa.b111ty of abortions occurred the natural God-given right to life of a and we know that population growth in the too late in the decade to have substantially single person any more than one could past century has been unprecedented. If­ affected the figures. justify throwing persons overboard in an and this is the second big "if"-departing As if to underline the hazards of trying to from our present large population base, we predict merely by projecting existing trends, overcrowded ship. If we accept the idea project indefinitely the same rate of growth that some human lives are expendable, the U.S. Census Bureau announced, in Au­ we have witnessed in the past hundred years, gust, 1970, "a major aownward revision in why start with the youngest? Why not we will be able to calculate a given date population projections for the next 30 those over 60? Why not eliminate the when the sheer weight of human bodies will years ... It is possible, the Bureau said, that cripples and the lame? As horrible as equal the weight of the earth itself; or a there will be nearly 100 million fewer Amer­ these thoughts are they are logical ex­ date when there will be more than one per­ icans in the year 2000 than had been fore­ tensions of our current antUife attitude. son for every square foot of the earth's cast in one maximum projection made just surface. In fact, such projections are regu­ We do, in fact, have a population prob­ three years ago." larly being made by some of the more frantic Subsequent studies have continued to con­ lem-the problem being the continued scientists. (One of the interesting things firm this new trend. In its issue of Novem­ decline in the number of young persons. about the population alarmists is that the ber 5, 1971, for example, the New York Timu Each year the number of students in our most extreme among them almost invariably reported on three different new studies­ schools is rapidly declining. Thousands of turn out to be biologists; real demographers the 1970 National Fertility Study, a survey teachers have lost their jobs because of tend to be a good deal more cautious in their by the U.S. Census Bureau, and a compila­ a lack of children. The number of child­ projections.) tion by the National Center for Health Sta­ These apocalyptic projections, however, are tistics. All of these studies not only con­ ren in America under 5 years of age has the purest science fiction. They depend on declined by a whopping 15.5 percent from firmed marked reductions in actual births; an indefinite or a very long-term extension they confirmed a sharp and rapid drop in the 1960 to 1970. In other words, there are of the present growth and doubllr1'g rates number of chUdren women intended to have. 15.5 percent fewer children under 5 years of the world's admittedly large present popu­ Birth expectations are generally regarded as of age in the United States in 1970 than lation. But the present growth and doubling highly accurate overall indicators of future there were in 1960. This dramatic decline rates of the population cannot continue in­ births, and these three reports all confirmed occurred prior to the general spread of definitely, and not merely because we will all a "half-a-chlld" drop 1n such expectations. abortion. The outlook for our country is die of starvation or disease or nuclear war Informed demographers are now talking grim indeed with the impact of abortion long before the earth's available living space about a "birth dearth" or "baby bust" more is all used up. The current growth and dou­ than they are talking about a "population coupled with the already plummeting bling rates cannot continue for quite explosion." birth rate. another reason; the rapid rise in population Of course, the new forecasts may be just as The following is a segment of the growth we have seen in modern times is due, faulty as the old. Nevertheless, an "expert" chapter, "Is There a Population Explo­ as one economist puts it, "not to rising birth population projection which is three years sion?" and examines population growth rates, but to a recession of the death rate ... later found to be off by 100 million, for exam­ as an excuse for scraping live babies out And every sensible person should realize that ple, can hardly be considered exact science. of their mothers' wombs: death rates cannot go on receding indefi­ We may be pardoned for demurring when, to nitely." counter an alleged overpopulation which can­ Is THERE A POPULATZON ExPLOSION? Slnce, eventually, everybody 1s golng to not be demonstrated, we are asked to accep't Although it 1s impossible to do justice here die, death rates simply cannot keep going policies such as abortion-on-demand which to what fs called the population explosion, down indefinitely; they have to come into overturn the most basic legal and moral we must nevertheless consider several sa- equ111brium with birth rates, as they were principles by which American society has al- November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38513 ways governed itself. The evidence for this and heaths which could only be fertilized at vide in-depth analysis .of the President's future overpopulation clearly remains of the great expense, and which are preserved for budget. So when Congress votes to spend most speculative sort. forestry and recreation. Dutch Jl,griculture more for a. program than the President wants, The other big "if" of the prophets of popu­ produced 1,070 tons of grain equivalent per the President vetoes the appropriation and lation disaster concerns the capacity of the square kilometer of farm land . . . the re­ criticizes Congress for overspending. world to feed itself-not only its present quirements (at Dutch standards of consump­ That makes Congress a less-than-equal large population, but the much larger popu­ tion) for 865 persons." In other Nords, al­ branch of government. And it won't be equal lation it will certainly have when birth and though it is the most densely populated until it establishes its own budgetary office death rates reach a new equilibrium. "This country in the world, the Netherlands can so members of Congress can have enough problem has been dealt with most capably produce on its own land adequate food to information of their own to enable them to by Birtish economist Colin Cle.rk who enjoys feed its own population at a high standRrd play a. role in setting spending priorities. international repute as an expert in the area of living. This inequality also exists at the local of economc development and demography,'' Scientists Paul Ehrlich and John P. Hol­ level. In Chicago, Mayor Daley makes up the Professor Rupert Ederer writes. "Using ac­ dren have disputed the relevance of popu­ budget every year, not the 50 aldermen. The cepted statistical techniques and reliable lation density figures in general and the mayor gives each of them one copy of his data on world land resources, Clark has ca.l­ Dutch example in particular to the deter­ budget book and then, just three weeks later, culated that presently available land on this mination of what constitutes overpopula­ they have to vote whether to adopt it or not. earth suitable for agriculture ... could tion. They speak of a. "Netherlands fallacy,'' At least Congress has time to evaluate appro­ feed-using the best agriculture techniques and point out that "the Netherlands actually priations requests over a period of months presently avallable--47 billion people at max­ requires large chunks of the earth's resources instead of Chicago's quick take-it-or-leave-it imum, i.e., at American standards of diet. and vast areas of land not within its borders way of adopting a budget. Accepting that Americans eat more than they to ma.tnta.in itself. For example, it is the sec­ We're not criticizing President Nixon or need to, Clark further estimates that for peo­ ond largest per capita importer of protein ln Mayor Daley. By law, they have the duty to ple living at Japanese stande.rds of food con­ the world .••" What the arJZWD.ent falls to present their budgets. The problem 1s that sumption and timber requirements, the take into account, of course, is what the Congress and the City Councll have failed world's potential agricultural and forest land Netherlands exports, and from which other to assert themselves ln this process. Unless could supply the needs of 157 blliion people." countries trading with the Netherlands the people we elect as legislators grab a Dr. Jean Mayer, Professor of Nutrition at benefit. share of their authority to set priorities at Harvard and another renowned authority on Both prosperity and the high Dutch rate the beginning of the year, they're not in a the subject, has reached conclusions similar of production result not from a sma.ll popu­ very good position to complain the rest of to Colin Clark's. "Considering the world a.s lation but from its possession of advanced the year about how the money is being spent. a. whole," he writes, "there is no evidence technology. The same applies to other coun­ that the food situation is worsening and tries. Hong Kong, for example, which houses there is at least a likelihood that food may 3.1 million people on 398 square miles (12,700 at some time (20 or 30 years from now) be per square mile) has been able to double its PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS removed altogether as a limiting factor to output of goods and services ln ten years. population." Noting that since 1850 the in­ REVIEW ORGANIZATIONS crease in food production has been still more rapid than the phenomenal increase in pop­ ulation, and that since the early 1950's espe­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS cially, the average rate of increase for world FEDERAL BUDGET food production has been 3 per cent per year OF IDAHO while the population has increased on the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES average only 1.7 per cent, Professor Mayer Wednesday, November 28, 1973 underlines the further spectacular increases 01!' ll.LINOIS in food production which can result from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, today I the application of what is already known Wednesday, November 28, 1973 have introduced a bill to repeal title XI about scientific agriculture, especially from of the Social Security Act; this title is the economical harnessing of photosynthesis Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, next better known as the professional stand­ in plants, and adds, "all this is no longer week, it is expected that the Rules Com­ ards review organizations provision. I science fiction. It is as much a reality as the mittee will summit a legislative package Federal Income Tax." believe that it is essential that we main­ Nor does all this represent an argument, to the Members on the subject of the tain in this country a system of per­ unresolvable by laymen, among experts-­ Congress budget proceedings. sonalized, efficient, progressive health some experts holding that the world can sup­ Appropriately, station WMAQ-TV­ care. port any foreseeable population, while other NBC, Chicago-broadcast an editorial Last year the Congress, in its desire experts cry "overpopulation" as the contem­ on November 3, on this subject. While the to approve the social security amend­ porary version of the "yellow peril." We can editorial also is directed to the local attest that, whatever our future perils may ments presented to it, enacted as a part be, food and other basic resources seem rea­ budgetary problems, it very properly dis­ of those amendments a little-noticed sonably in balance both now and for the cusses appropriations to be considered section which will, if permitted to stand, future. by Members of Congress. The editorial greatly jeopardize the quality of health (2) The problems of pollution, congestion follows: care received by those many medicare and undernourishment in the world today EorroRIAL BY STATION WMAQ-TV and medicaid patients who have been are not necessarily, or even principally, the The federal budget--charts, graphs and led to believe they would receive, through result of overpopulation. almost incomprehensible statistics-is a.Uttle those programs, the highest quality of By the standards of its available technol­ less exciting to read than the telephone book. ogy, a sparse band of Indians in a South care the medical profession has to Maybe that's why Congress allows the Ex­ offer. American rain forest is surely suffering from ecutive Branch to make up the budget. the effects of "overpopulation." "Before the It might be dull, but the fede}"al budget Unfortunately, while the purpose of invention of agriculture," Lester R. Brown essentially determines how our government is the PSRO seems innocent enough in has noted, "the plants and animals sup­ going to spend $270 billion of our money. concept, the specific provisions of the ported by photosynthesis on the total land But we cannot expect the average American law, when applied to the medical pro­ area [of the earth] could support a human citizen to analyze the budget and send along fession's activities, will impose on the population of only about 10 mllion." The appropriate suggestions to Wa.shJngton. professional and its patients a system reason for this was that the resources of Theoretically at least, that should be a job the earth had not been organized for the pro­ of care standardized at the level of the duction of food. With every development of for the 535 people we elect to represent us lowest common denominator. Tl:Je law agricultural technology, however, the num­ in Congress. will, in addition, practically remove ber of people who can be supported increases But Congress allows the budget to be the those guarantees of privacy which have phenomenally. Today, the most densely popu­ private property of the President and the non-elected people he picks to run the Of­ been so important a part of the close lated country in the world, the Netherlands, relationship which enables doctors to With 375 persons per square kilometer, given fice of Management and Budget. So the Of­ today's available agricultural technology, 1s fice of Management and Budget operates as provide their patients with highly per­ one of the most prosperous countries in the sort of an "invisible government" making sonal and highly efficient care. world. the crucial decisions about national priori­ These are only a few of the provisions "The Dutch (agricultural) productivity ties. of the PSRO legislation which impose figures are the most remarkable in the Congressmen can complain that we're world," Colin Clark writes. "Only about 70% spending too much for this and not enough on us a necessity to reconsider our ac­ of the country is farmed. The rest consists for that. But Congress has no alternative tion of last year and repeal PSRO's al­ of urban and industrial sites, or of dunes budget of its own. It has no office to pro- together. 38514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 DEATH PENALTY SUPPORTED IN Why should there be second-time murder­ 17 times as frequent as deaths due to PUBLIC SURVEY ers? Keep the death penalty.... Abolish firearms; deaths due to home accidents the death penalty for life imprisonment with no possible parole.... Death versus death are 21 times as frequent; deaths due to HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS is a meaningless question as long as prisons "other" causes are 15 times as frequent; are in such need of change. Prison reform and industrial deaths were twice as fre­ OF PENNSYLVANIA first! quent. I can only conclude that the furor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The death penalty has its merits but I about the number of accidental firearm Wednesday, November 28, 1973 could never vote to impose it. . .. Put the deaths is a grasping at straws by those question to a vote in the next national who have exhausted their meager stock Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, the ques­ election. tion of whether capital punishment ac­ of arguments favoring a Government tually acts as a deterrent to murder and Mr. Speaker, perhaps this last ex­ monopoly on guns. other major crimes is one of the most ample best sums up the dilemma in seek­ Second, the report purports to pro­ perplexing ones facing our Nation today. ing an answer to the death penalty vide evidence for the hypothesis of its · There are strong arguments on both question: ,,''Pray for the wisdom of Solo- authors that "the number of firearm in­ sides and the debate flares anew each mon •.. cidents--nonfatal as well as fatal-is a time the media reports a killing so vio­ function of the number of guns in civil­ lent it shocks the entire Nation. The de­ ian hands.'' Unfortunately I cannot dis­ CRIME CONTROL NO. 14 cover within the report any data at all cision of the U.S. Supreme Court, in Fur­ on the number of guns privately owned man against Georgia which cast a cloud by the citizens of Cuyahoga County, and on the constitutionality of all Federal HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE must assume that the hypothesis remains and State laws imposing the death pen­ OF INDIANA unproved since the evidence for it is not alty and served to further confuse the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presented. issue. I should, however, point out that could I realize there is no easy answer to this Wednesday, November 28, 1973 Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, on the hypothesis be "proved," it would en­ highly emotional question of whether to tail nothing about privately owned guns impose or dispose of the death penalty. November 26 the distinguished Senator and crime, for "function" is a mathe­ In an effort to learn how the residents from Massachusetts, Senator EDWARD matical concept, and, as every good of the 2oth Congressional District of KENNEDY, placed in the RECORD the full statistician knows, does not mean Pennsylvania felt about the question, I report of four community health officials "cause." The two concepts are not onJ.y sent a questionnaire throughout the Dis­ from Cuyahoga County, Ohio. I must say logically distinct, but they have abso- trict, asking the people if they felt: that I have not yet had the opportunity ·lutely nothing to do with each other. (1) The death penalty is justifiable in to examine this report in detail, but I As I pointed out some time ago, one cases of first degree murder and other major have made a cursory examination and crimes; (2) the death penalty should be im­ wish to point out several things about may establish a very high correlation be­ posed on second-time murderers; (3) the . the report which the distinguished Sen­ tween any two phenomena and still not death penalty should be abolished in favor ator did not emphasize. make any statement about causality. I of life imprisonment; and (4) any other have heard that attendance at theaters opinion the people cared to eXpress. First, accidental deaths cannot be used has a very high correlation with the as an argument against private gun The response was impressive. I re­ ownership unless those who so argue phases of the Moon-are we therefore to ceived nearly 26,000 replies, many of wish to ban private ownership of all conclude that moviegoers "cause" the them accompanied by letters further ex­ phases of the Moon or that the phases of things that cause accidental deaths. the Moon "cause" persons to go to plaining the writer's opinion on capital Might I suggest that in the interest of movies? punishment. consistency the gun controllobbyists The results of the survey showed 94 urge confiscation of private motor ve­ Third, I would like to provide two percent of the people responding favored hicles and private homes before confisca­ quotations from the report itself. First: the death penalty. Of that total, 72 per­ If The city rate [of accidental firearm tion of private guns. they are genuinely deaths] in the last five year interval [1968- cent advocated it for first degree murder concerned about accidental deaths, they 1972] is four times greater than it was in the or other major crimes. must advocate abolition of private homes period 1958-1962. Similarly, of the 22 percent favoring and vehicles because these two items the death penalty for "second-time'' cause far more deaths than firearms. Second: murderers many indicated this should be The report itself points out that ve­ The annual number of accidental firearm the last resort, imposed only after all at­ hicular deaths per 100,000 people were deaths in Cuyahoga County tripled in 1968 as compared with the average for the previ­ tempts at rehabilitation had failed. 10.3 during the period 1958-62, 12.3 in ous ten years, and the increased level was Six percent of the responses felt capi­ 1963-67, and 15.7 in 1968-72. During the sustained for four consecutive years. tal punishment should be completely same three periods accidental deaths at­ abolished. However, here too, there were tributabl:e to all firearms were 0.3, 0.3, In point of fact, since 1968, the year in differences of opinion. Some felt life im­ and 0.9. This means that the number of which the landmark legislation con­ prisonment was punishment enough for vehicular deaths was as much as 41 times trolling guns was enacted and went into any crime, providing the convicted party as great as the number of firearm deaths. effect, the number of accidental firearm served the full sentence. That is life, no It is also significant that while firearm deaths in CUyahoga County has reached parole, ever. Others felt our entire penal deaths per 100,000 people amounted to 77, while the total for the 10 years pre­ system drastically needs revision with only 0.3 in the 10 years preceding en­ ceding enactment of the 1968 gun control greater emphasis on education and re­ actment of the 1968 gun control law, fire­ law was 51. While the number of acci­ habilitation. If this is accomplished, they arm deaths have tripled in the 5 years dental deaths cannot be used as an argu­ were willing to parole the "rehabilitated'' since tha.t landmark legislation was ment against private ownership of guns, party. passed. it can be used as an argument against I would like to include in my remarks However, vehicular deaths, even gun control laws whose express purpose some. excerpts taken from responses to though at one point-1963-67-41 times is to decrease the number of firearm the questionnaire. They illustrate the as frequent as accidental firearm fatali­ deaths. Anyone who doubts the differ­ wide range of feeling on this issue: ties, are surpassed in number by fatal ence in the number of deaths between An eye for an eye, etc. . . . Only first de­ domestic accidents, which during the the years preceding 1968 and the years gree murder should be punishable by death same period were 54 times as frequent as following 1968 may simply glance at the but not ALL cases of first degree murder.... firearm deaths. Deaths attributed by the report on S21038. The death penalty should be used only with Undoubtedly we will now be told that great discretion and in extraordinary cases. report to "other" causes are also many Death is justified on repeat or multiple times greater than accidental deaths at­ the 1968law has failed because it was not first degree murder convictions; life impris­ tributable to firearms. tough enough. Undoubtedly we will be onment on first time conviction with m1Illi­ In the latest period availa;ble-1968- told this by those who urged Congress to mum of 10 years and parole; life imprison­ 72-the report itself points out that pass the 1968 law in the first place. But ment with NO parole for repeat convictions. deaths due to vehicular accidents were why should we believe the gun control November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38515 lobbyists now? Their predictions for the system-substituted the equality of terri­ That is just what Washington meant when 1968 bill have not come true. And if tories and states for the old world-type of he wrote, in the moving circular to the states they should reply that the report from colonialism, and built the political party. of June, 1783: What has our own generation-or the past "This is the time of their political proba­ Cuyahoga County is atypical and that three or four generations--contributed in the tion, this is the moment when the eyes of the the 1968 law has actually worked to some realm of political institutions, or even of world are turned upon them, this is the mo­ extent, then why has the Cuyahoga political practices? Secrecy, perhaps? ment to establish or ruin their national County report been inserted in the How do we explain this precipitous decline character forever . . . for according to the REcoRD? The gun control lobbyists con­ in statesmanship and in political resource­ system of policy which the states shall adopt tradict themselves no matter which way fulness? Why is it that a nation statistically at this moment, they Will stand or fall, and they turn. ____ ..___ the best-educated in the modern world and by their confirmation or lapse, it is yet to be certainly the best-experienced in self-govern­ decided whether the Revolution must ulti· ment, fertile and talented in so many fields­ mately be considered as a blessing or a cause; science, technology, medicine, literature and a blessing or a curse not to the present age THE NEED FOR LEADERSHIP the arts-is unproductive in the quintessen­ alone, for with our fate will the destiny ot tial realm of politics? unborn millions be involved." The first explanation is a practical one. The founding fathers knew, with Milton, HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Eighteenth Century America was a simple that "fame is the spur"; they were animated, agrarian society which provided few oppor­ most of them, by a passion for fame and, all OF MASSACHUSETTS tunities for the cultivation of talent and few of them, by a sense of obligation to posterity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES openings for such talent as appeared. Nowhere is the changing sense of values more Wednesday, November 28, 1973 What Henry James wrote about the ostentatious than in the attitudes toward America of Nathaniel Hawthorne's day was posterity of the· revolutionary generation, Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, even more valid for the America of Washing­ and our own; nowhere is it more dramatic Henry Steele Commager, the eminent ton's: "No state, in the European sense of than in the decline of the fiduciary sense historian, wrote "America's No. 1 Short­ the word, and indeed scarcely a national which animated that earlier generation but, age: Leadership," which appeared in the name. No sovereign, no court, no personal in Jefferson's wonderful phrase, for "our loyalty, no aristocracy, no church, no clergy, descendants to the thousandth and thou­ November 11 Boston Globe. His profound no army, no diplomatic service, no country sandth generation." comments on the present situation de­ houses, nor parsonages, nor thatched cot­ How this attitude shines forth, over and serve the attention of every Member of tages, no great universities nor public schools over, in a Washington, a Jefferson, an Adams, Congress. We have been elected to pro­ ... no literature, no novels, no museums, no even a Tom Paine who had no posterity and vide leadership for a troubled Nation, pictures, no political society, no sporting barely even a country of his own. Remember but as a body are failing in that respon­ class." his plea for independence-"tis not the con­ sibility. We might all profit by a better A LIFE OF SERVICE cern of a day, a year or an age. Posterity is understanding of Mr. Commager's Certainly the spectacle that greeted a involved in the contest and will be affected analysis. Franklin, a Jefferson or an Adams was even to the end of time." The text of Mr. Commager's article more negative than that which greeted Haw­ PRIVATE ENTERPRISE follows: thorne when he turned to the profession of For a century and a half we were a pos­ literature. Added to James's list could have terity-minded people, but now who thinks or AMERICA'S No. 1 SHORTAGE: LEADERSHIP been no cities, no manufacturers, no news­ speaks of posterity? We no longer seem con­ (By Henry Steele Commager) papers or journals of importance, no libraries, scious of our fiduciary obligation to later Two centuries ago when the emerging no professions except those of the law and generations. We waste the soil through strip United States had a population smaller than the church, no music, no opera. mining, we pollute the lakes and streams that of metropolitan Detroit today, the po­ In the old world, a young ma.n of talent until all life in them is dead and some ot litical landscape was thronged With the most had a wide choice of careers open to him; be our rivers actually catch fire, we poison the distinguished group of statesmen any mod­ might be a bishop or an admiral, a scientist air with our noxious gases, we klll off birds ern nation has ever produced in one genera­ or an artist, a man of letters, an academician, and animals with our pesticides, we have de­ tion. a soldier of fortune, an adventurer, a social stroyed more of the land and the waters, of Today, With a population of more than hanger-on, a great lover. In America, he was flora and fauna, than has Europe in a thou­ 200 mlllion, the most conspicuous feature pretty much limited to farming or fishing, sand years. on the political landscape is its desolation. land speculation, the church, the law, and In almost everything we seem ready to A meager people, scattered over a vast politics. place the interests of the present above the area, without great cities, without a capitol, Nor-except in land speculation-was there interests of the future, and there are, alas, without familiar institutions of church and any quick road to wealth to distract ambi­ no national leaders to call a halt to what is tious young men from public service. Nothing systematic betrayal of the most sacred ot state and university and the learned profes­ was more revealing than the simplicity of sions, in one long generation produced Benja­ fiduciary obligations. life of even the famous and the powerful; What the American people admire and min Franklin and George Washington, John Washington borrowing $500 to go to his in­ Adams and Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson what the young are expected to emulate are auguration, Hamilton casting about for $20 the achievements of private enterprise. Cor­ and Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and to tide him over some crisis or other, John James Wilson, John Marshall and Thomas poration executives, not educators, sit on the Adams pitching hay on his Braintree farm, boards of colleges and universities; business­ Paine, and a score of others scarcely less Thomas Jefferson walking from his inaugural eminent. men, not artists and musicians, run museuxns to his boarding house and waiting his turn at and orchestras; captains of industry and fi­ Today, With every advantage of wealth and the dinner table, Tom Paine living in poverty power, of science and learning, we have Mr. nance dominate the hospitals, not doctors in his little cottage on the outskirts of New or scientists. Nixon in the White House and Mr. Agnew York and buried in a pauper's grave. in disgrace, the government in disorder, the It is the entrepreneurs, too, who win pub­ Such talent as there was had no effective lic recognition and reap public rewards. Oc­ opposition in disarray, the Congress in con­ outlet except in public service of one kind fusion and the courts in retreat, and not a casionally a Kennedy will honor a Robert or another and, what is more, that area of Frost or a Pablo Casals, or will invite to statesman in sight who can be compared service was not only inviting, but compelling. With the founding fathers without embar­ the White House a bevy of Nobel prize win­ What a challenge confronted the handful ners. But these are gestures that few take rassment. of leaders of that nation-making year, and PRINCIPLEs--AND LIMITS seriously. what prodigies they performed. They had to What can be done to revive the passion Nor is this contrast between the 18th and Win independence, create a nation, set up for public service and public enterprise that the 20th centuries merely a matter of indi­ state governments and then a national gov­ animated t~e generation of the founding viduals or personalities. If we look away from ernment, write constitutions and laws, win fathers? Nothing perhaps but changes in the the great figures who dominate the vaunted the west and provide it With government, de­ general climate of opinion in the country. stage of history to the principles they formu­ velop a network of commercial relations and Some changes are already under way. The lated and the institutions they established, negotiate treaties with nations of the old misconduct of the Nixon-Agnew Adminis­ the contrast between the revolutionary gen­ world, protect far-fiung frontiers against the eration and our own is even more sobering. Indian and against the aggressions of foreigJ tration-a misconduct grosser and more The generation of the founding fathers nations, lay the foundations for a nationa_ dangerous than anything in our history­ created a nation (they were the first to do culture-we could go on and on. has shocked the country into a realization so) and invented the constitional convention, CONCERN FOR POSTERITY of the truth of John Stuart Mill's aphorism that "With small men no great thing can which is the way in which democracy works. Wherever we look, we are forced to the They also imposed limits on government­ conclusion that there is nothing like war for ever be accomplished." limits that were really efi'ective, such as a bringing out fortitude, nothing like emer­ WHAT CAN BE DONE written constitution, bllls of rights, separa­ gency !or bringing out ingenuity, nothing There are already signs not only of an tion of powers, judicial review and a federal like challenge for bringing out character. awakened conscience but of an awakened 38516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 realization that conscience is not enough. CONTINUED REPRESSION OF SO­ similar trumped-up charges; and in We can see for ourselves that Gresham's Law, VIET JEWS WHO SEEK TO EMI­ Tblisi, the capital of Georgia, Isai and long familiar in the old world, operates in ·GRATE TO ISRAEL Gregory Goldstein are rumored headed politics as well as in the economy: Base men will drive out honorable men, decency is at for trial. Again, these individuals have a disadvantage when confronted With done nothing except seek to emigrate to squalor, it is easy for self-service to usurp HON. JEROME R. WALDIE Israel. the place of service to the commonwealth. OF CALIFORNIA It is all too apparent, then, Mr. Speak­ One method of encouraging public rather er, of what is exactly going on today in than private careers is to move resolutely to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Soviet Union, and it is something wards equalizing the rewards, even the mate­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 that the Congress cannot ignore. We rial rewards, of the two careers. This cannot must do whatever we can to stop this be done by paying public servants the kind Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I would· of salaries and endoWing them with the pre­ like to bring attention today to the on­ wave of political repression and the wave requisites which businessmen now enjoy going and escalating repression of Soviet of emerging political trials. (imagine g1 ving a senator, a doctor or a Jews who seek to emigrate to Israel. I have, therefore, today, Mr. Speaker, teacher a bonus twice the size of his salary As an illustration I would use the case sent the following telegram of protest to for doing his job well!). of Mr. Leonid Yakovlevich Zabilizhensky, Anatoly F. Dobrynin, the Soviet Ambas­ It can be done by providing for higher a distinguished engineer and former sador to the United States. I would also taxes on high incomes and by closing those urge my colleagues to take action on this loopholes which make our tax laws look like teacher who is scheduled to go on trial in nothing so much as Swiss cheese. A brief Sverdlovsk in the near future for the most important matter. consideration of the flourishing state of pri­ alleged crime of "parasitism." In fact, The text of the telegram follows: vate enterprise in Sweden, Holland, Wes·t it is clear that Mr. Zabilizhensky's only ANATOLY F. DOBRYNIN, Germany, where taxes on high incomes are offense has been his stated desire to live Ambassador, Union of Soviet Socialist Repub­ almost confiscatory, should dissipate the in Israel. lics, Office of the Embassy, Washington, notion that our economy would be injured In November of 1971, Mr. Zabilizhen­ D.C. somehow by a reformation in our tax laws sky was a member of the faculty of the DEAR MR. AMBASSADOR: It has come to my designed to achieve a more equitable system attention that Mr. Leonid Yakovlevich of rewards to the private and the public Eural Polytechnical Institute, and had Zabilizhensky is about to go on trial in sector. been recently commended by his superi­ Sverdlovsk for the alleged crime of "parasi­ A second practical measure to revive inter­ ors as a "hard working and creative" tism." In fact, investigation into this case est in public enterprise is equally obvious: teacher. has led me to the irrevocable conclusion that To take private money out of politics, to But, his filing of an application to he is on .trial for the sole reason that he is make it impossible for a candidate for any emigrate to Israel on November 11, 1972, a prominent Soviet .Jew who wishes to offlce, from that of mayor to that of Presi­ has brought upon Mr. Zabilizhensky and emigrate to Israel, and the Soviet Govern­ dent, to buy his election. ment is attempting to hold him up as an This could be achieved by the simple device his family a 2-year period of harassment which has denied him the right to work example. Indeed, Mr. Zabilizhensky's case is of prohibiting any private or corporate con­ but one of many in recent weeks which in­ tributions to elections and placing responsi­ and support his family, and has now dicate a concerted effort by your Govern­ bility for the modest financing of elections culminated with his jailing in the Cen­ ment to use political trials as a means of on the government itself. That would not be tral Prison in Sverdlovsk on trumped-up repressing the right of emigration of Soviet a sure guarantee that all candidates would charges. citizens. In the interest of better relations hereafter be elected on their merits, but it After filing his emigration application, between our two countries, I strongly urge would at least give merit a better chance. Mr. Zabilizhensky was quickly fired from that your Government drop charges against As for changing the climate of opinion, Mr. Zabllizhensky and allow him to emigrate that is, needless to say, more dlfflcult. It his job on November 25, 1971, on the grounds of being "unsuitable for the po­ to Israel. could at least be encouraged by a return to JEROME R. WALDIE, the teaching of those great wellsprings of sition of an educator of students"-in U.S. Congressman. literature--many of them in the Aegean and direct contradiction to his earlier com­ the Mediterranean Seas-which nourished mendations. the minds and spirits of the generation of Since that time he worked as a loader the founding fathers. in a store, a milkman, and a porter, all But that, perhaps is too much to hope for. FUEL CONSERVATION: THE the while being denied re-entry into his ELECTRIC CAR profession. Meanwhile, his reapplications at 6-month intervals for emigration have HON. RONALD V. DELWMS NEED FOR COPYRIGHT REVISION continued to be turned down without comment. OF CALIFORNIA Finally, in May of this year, Mr. Zabi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES llzhensky was fired from a factory job Wednesday, November 28, 1973 HON. TOM RAILSBACK under false pretenses, and was charged OF ILLINOIS with "parasitism" because he had vio­ Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, I re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lated Soviet law which requires its citi­ cently received some information very Wednesday, November 28, 1973 zens to hold employment. In American applicable to our present energy crisis parlance, this is obviously a "Catch-22" from one of my constituents. Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, this situation, because Soviet authorities have Bill Jacob, of Orinda, Calif., has con­ morning's Washington Post carried an denied him the opportunity to work. structed an electrically powered car article which described the recent U.S. In short, Mr. Zabilizhensky now faces which he uses daily to commute in the Court of Claims' ruling concerning copy­ a number of years at hard labor for Berkeley-Oakland metropolitan area. righted materials. Briefly stated, the nothing more than wanting to live in The car is powered by batteries, thereby court ruled photocopying magazines and Israel. By itself, the case cries out for eliminatL11g the need for gasoline, and books by libraries and scientists does not justice. But what is equally disturbing emits virtually no pollutants into the violate the copyright laws. is the fact that this case is but part of atmosphere. The fact that the court was split on an emerging and concerted effort by the Th1s type of vehicle appears ideal as this matter and that this ruling will un­ Soviet Union to repress emigration to a possible solution to our energy and pol­ doubtedly be appealed, I think points out Israel by jailing, on false charges, lution problems. It would be necessary that we need better definitions of exactly prominent and activist Soviet Jews who for the car to be small, for a larger vehi­ what constitutes "fair use" of an author's seek to emigrate. cle would require more batteries. The work. For example, last Friday in Kiev in a use of the car would have to be restricted Fortunately, revision of the 1967 copy­ secret trial in a factory, Alexander Feld­ to metropolitan use because its top speed right law is now under consideration in man was given 3% years at hard labor­ is 40 mph. But a small nonpollutant the Congress at the present time, and I his real crime was seeking to join his vehicle would be ideal in our now con­ am hopeful that we can move as expe­ wife and six children in Israel. Two gested and polluted urban areas. Along ditiously as possible on this important weeks ago in Derbent, Pitya Pinkhasov with its practicality, the electric car is issue. was sentenced to 5 years at hard labor on rather inexpensive to operate. Mr. Jacob November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3.8517 reports that his car costs him approxi­ ination against veterans with bad con­ sponding corporations admitted that mately three-fourths of a cent a mile duct discharges; and they know how to determine the specific and that the total construction of the car Seventy-three percent conceded dis­ reasons behind a serviceman's discharge cost only $1,000. crimination against veterans with dis­ by decoding numbers on his discharge In the past I have introduced legisla­ honorable discharges. certificat~. These corporations are ap­ tion that would authorize a program of Mr. Speaker, I want to point out that parently not deterred or disabled by the research and development for nonpollut­ these :figures represent the lowest pos­ fact that the Defense Department oflici­ ing motor vehicles. The electric car ap­ sible percentages of the large corpora­ ally prohibits distribution to the public pears to be nonpolluting as well as a tions which discriminate. Some 27 per­ of lists explaining these separation pro­ means to conserve our dwindling oil sup­ cent of the corporations responding to gram numbers--SPN's. plies. I urge Congress to consider au­ the questionnaire indicated that they had By having these numbers on the dis­ thorization of a program to study non­ no policy regarding hiring veterans with charge certificate, the Defense Depart­ polluting, energy saving vehicles such as unfavorable discharges or that they had ment makes it possible for employers to the electric car. a decentralized hiring practice which decode them. It thereby participates in made them unaware of any such policy. an invasion of the privacy of thousands Therefore, the figures I cite represent of veterans, including many who have only the admitted discrimination. The honorable discharges but unfavorable DEFENSE DEPARTMENT PROMOTES percentage of corporations which actual­ SPN's. UNFAIR JOB DISCRIMINATION ly discriminate may be substantially We do not permit other Government higher. departments and agencies to operate At the same time, I want to emphasize elaborate discharge systems in which HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING that not all the corporations admitting, every person is classified upon being re­ OF OHIO this employment discrimination totally leased. Why should the Defense Depart­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prohibit hiring veterans with unfavor­ ment be allowed to act as a screening able discharges. It is inescapable, how­ agency for private employers? Wednesday, November 28, 1973 ever, that the standards for hiring vet­ This investigation makes clear the need Mr. SEIDERLING. Mr• . Speaker, I erans with unfavorable discharges are for remedial legislation, such as that in­ sincerely regret the necessity of report­ different than those for hiring other job troduced by Mr. KocH, to abolish the ing to the House the inescapable fact applicants. One may safely conclude use of SPN's. Serious consideration of that the Defense Department is encour­ that the veteran with a less-than-hon­ remedial legislation by the distinguished aging private employers to practice mas­ orable discharge probably will not be members of the Armed Services Commit­ sive employment discrimination against hired unless he has qualifications going tee and the Secretary of Defense would veterans with other-than-honorable dis­ beyond those normally expected from help make employable many thousands charges. This conclusion is based on re­ applicants for jobs. of veterans who have been unfairly de­ sponses to a questionnaire I sent to the UNFAVORABLE DISCHARGE PERCENTAGE nied access to jobs because of the unwise Nation's 100 largest corporations. HIGHEST EVER discharge policies of the Defense Depart­ Of the 74 corporations responding, over For those who may think the problem ment. 40 percent admitted discriminating is minor or inconsequential, consider the against veterans with general dis­ following fact: According to Pentagon charges-a type the Pentagon considers figures, in the past 4 years there have WE NEED A NEW MINIMUM to be "under honorable conditions." been 286,000 less-than-honorable dis­ WAGE BILL Veterans with less favorable discharges charges. This total includes 148,000 gen­ face even more job discrimination. This eral discharges; 121,000 undesirable dis­ investigation proves the utter falsity of charges; 15,500 bad conduct discharges; HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN the Pentagon's characterization of gen­ and 1,500 dishonorable discharges. OF ILLINOIS eral and undesirable discharges as non­ Only 6 percent of the veterans with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES punitive. unfavorable discharges were court­ The problem is far more serious than martialed out of the Armed Forces. The Wednesday, November 28, 1973 has previously been suspected. The mill­ other 94 percent with unfavorable dis­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, when tary discharge classification system in­ charges have administrative nonpuni­ JOHN DENT's "Ode to ERLENBORN" came vites society to punish hundreds of thou­ tive discharges, but society is treating across my desk last week, a thought oc­ sands of former servicemen who have them in the same way it reacts to con­ curred to me. Maybe my pleas in poem not been convicted or even charged with victed felons. and song for action on the minimum any crime and even though the armed The Congress and the American pub­ wage bill have been misdirected. services have not seen fit to punish lic have been propagandized to believe After all, our subcommittee chairman them. that the Armed Forces are helping vet­ is an experienced legislator. He knows It is particularly unfair to base a per­ erans readjust to civilian life following the importance of compromise in the son's fitness for civilian employment on the national convulsions over the Indo­ legislative process. He knows that, as his military record. Most of these men china War. No doubt they are, in many troubled as the American people are and women with unfavorable discharges instances. about matters which come under the have committed no offense by civilian Analysis of the Defense Department heading of Watergate, most are still standards. Every Member of Congress discharge figures, however, suggests that concerned about their pocketbooks. who has served in the Armed Forces the Pentagon may be creating more re­ He knows, too, that men and women knows that mtlitary service is very differ­ adjustment problems than it is solving. at the low end of the wage scales deserve ent from civilian life. Yet veterans with Unfavorable discharges are now being the time it would take for Congress to unfavorable types of discharges are given to the highest percentage of serv­ pass a good minimum wage bill. And he often, for no other reason, considered icemen ever, according to Defense De­ knows that, as a subcommittee, we have unfit for civilian employment. partment statistics. One out of every had nothing at all on our agenda for DISCRIMINATION BY EMPLOYERS ten servicemen released receives an oth­ the past 2 months. er-than-honorable discharge. The per­ In light of this, I am confident that The specific quantifiable results of this centage of servicemen receiving general our chairman would provide for early ac­ investigation are that among the re­ and undesirable discharges during the tion on this bill if he were free to do so. sponding corporations- first 4 fiscal years of the Nixon ad­ But we all know the great influence ex­ Forty-one percent conceded discrim- ministration was twice the percentage ercised by the leaders of Organized 1.nation against veterans with general of the previous 4 years. The percent­ Labor on the majority of the Education discharges; age of bad conduct and dishonorable dis­ and Labor Committee. So again, resort­ Sixty-one percent admitted discrim­ charges remained fairly constant. ing to simple rhyme, let me suggest: ination againt veterans with undesirable CORPORATIONS DECODE SPN'S John, John, he's our man- discharges; Another alarming finding of the in­ If he can't do it, Georgie can! Sixty-two percent admitted discrim- vestigation is that 20 percent of the re- (And, 1f he won't, he·s a real meany!) 38518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 WEST TECH HIGH SCHOOL WINS The Warriors finished the 1973 campaign With regard to competence, Mr. Ford has OHIO STATE SOCCER CROWN with a 12-1-1 record and Marie attributes no administrative experience, little experi­ much of that success to a superstition of buy­ ence in foreign affairs, and no record of con­ ing oranges from Little Tony's Open-Air structive legislative draftsmanship. No im­ HON. JAMES V. STANTON Market before each game. Marie explained portant bills or proposals bear his name. He OF OHIO that everytime he bought oranges from Little has been almost totally uncreative during Tony's, located at W. 73rd and Clark, his his 25 years in the House of Representatives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES soccer team won. In 1970, he displayed remarkably poor judg­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 "It became a routine thing for me to do," ment and inadequate understanding of the Marie said. "And, yes, I visited Tony's before constitutional separation of powers when he Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. Speak­ the championship game." personally initiated the futile attempt to er, on November 8 West Tech High impeach Supreme Court Justice William 0. School, which is in my congressional dis­ Douglas. trict, won the State soccer championship Representative Ford's relentless efforts to in a closely fought match with Cincinnati A FUTURE PRESIDENT undercut the open housing law, the right to Anderson. vote law, and virtually every other civil rights statute of the past decade afford no A victory like this is the product not comfort to the nation's Negro citizens and only of skill, but also great dedication HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN are clearly out of step with majority senti­ and hard work. It speaks very highly of OF NEW YORK ment in this country with regard to racial the players on the team, their coach, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES equality. His legislative record is remarkably Nick Marie, and the school they repre­ lacking in compassion. sent. Wednesday, November 28, 1973 In voting on this nomination, members To them I extend my warmest con­ Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, the of Congress are not obliged to rubber-stamp gratulations, and in tribute to their Mr. Nixon's choice. On the contrary, as sur­ House Committee on the Judiciary will rogates for the people, they have a responsi­ achievement I would like to insert the soon vote its recommendation on the bility to weigh this nominee's competence, following article into the REcORD: nomination of GERALD R. FORD as the next judgment, independence and philosophical WEST TEcH WINS STATE SOCCER CROWN Vice President of the United States. It outlook in terms of whether he is the man (By Don Fogleson) is very possible that the committee will they can conscientiously endorse as potential West Tech's Cinderella soccer team finally indeed be voting to approve the confir­ President of the United States. found its glass slipper and made it a sweet­ mation of the next President of the heart of a finish last Thursday at Baldwin­ United States. · Wallace stadium, beating Cincinnati Ander­ The editorial of the New York Times ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SERVICE son 1--0 to win the state scholastic champion­ ship. of Monday, November 26, 1973, makes an There was no doubt among the 2,000 fans urgent appeal to the sense of judgment in Berea that the two top soccer teaxns in of the Members of Congress and their HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI Ohio were meeting for the state champion­ responsibility to the American people in OF NEW JERSEY ship. The two clubs battled to a scoreless tie this crucial rna+ ter. I urge my colleagues IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for 89 minutes of play before Tech sophomore to give this editorial which follows the Wednesday, November 28, 1973 Wolfgang Urban brought down the house highest and most serious consideration: with a left-footed boot from 18 yards out that A FUTURE PRESIDENT Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, the split the Cincinnati net. Felician Sisters are a worldwide order Urban was mobbed by teammates and fans After announcing that the Senate Rules of nuns who have dedicated themselves and had to be rescued from the throng of Committee had unanimously approved the worshippers by coach Nick Marie. nomination of Rep. Gerald R. Ford as Vice to teaching, care of orphans, nursing, After playing scoreless ball through regu­ President, Senator Cannon, the committee mission work, and social service. Last lation time, the two finalists played two five­ chairman, was asked by reporters whether he week, the Felician Sisters began a year­ minute overtimes and two five-minute sud­ still thought the group was recommending long celebration marking their 100th den death periods. It was in that final sud­ the next President. "I think that's a very anniversary of dedication to the people den death period in which Urban blasted strong likelihood," he replied. of America. The centennial celebration, home the championship shot. Judged by that demanding standard, and which began with a mass of thanks­ West Tech gained a berth in the state play­ it is the only proper standard to apply, it is offs by tying for the Western Division crown not clear that the Rules Committee has fully giving in each of the group's nine North of the Ohio Scholastic Soccer League. Eight discharged its responsibility under the Con­ American provinces, is scheduled to Ohio teaxns made it to the playoffs: four di­ stitution. When Congress approved the 25th continue through November of next year. vision champions, two wild card teams and Amendment in 1965, the legislative history The story behind this group is rather two top independent schools. makes clear that Congress was expected to go remarkable. The community, which now In the first round of play, Hudson beat beyond the routine tests of character and numbers nearly 5,000 members, was Hawken School 1--0; Brecksville whipped personal fitness customarily invoked in the established by five sisters who came to Rocky River 3--0; Cincinnati Anderson confirmation of a Cabinet officer or a judge. this country in 1874. Today, the Feli­ stopped University School 2-1 in overtime; It was, in addition, acting as a surrogate for and West Tech defeated Dayton Centerville the American people. cian Sisters work in 31 out of 50 States, 2-1. Senator Ervin of North Carolina had ini­ in addition to Canada, Brazil, and The warriors drew Hudson in the semi­ tiaJly introduced an amendment providing Europe. finals and that, too, was a nail-biter all the that Congress alone fill a vacancy in the Vice The Felician Sisters have long been way. Tied 2-2, sophomore sensation Mike Presidency. Presidential nomination and active in New Jersey. The Immacula.te Hubach drove for the Hudson goal and ap­ confirmation by both Houses was a compro­ Conception province in Lodi, for ex­ peared to have a clear shot. A Hudson de­ mise between that procedure and the leaving ample, was the fourth American prov­ fender desperately grabbed Hubach, who in­ of the appointment entirely to a President's stinctively passed the ball to an open team­ discretion. ince to be established. mate who made a fine boot to the net. Seeing Essential prerequisites for the Vice Presi­ Mr. Speaker, totiay I would like to that it would be a goal, the Hudson goalie dential nomination are: ( 1) that the nomi­ take this opportunity to salute the Feli­ lunged at the ball, grabbing it with his nee be of good character; and (2) that there cian Sisters and to thank them on be­ hands. be no break in political continuity should he half of the many people they have Because grabbing the ball is a soccer viola­ succeed the President, Mr. Ford, as a Re­ helped. An interesting article focusing tion, Tech was awarded a free kick with just publican and minority leader, provides the on the Felician Sisters appeared Novem­ 18 seconds showing on the clock. Hubach continuity; the lengthy F.B.I. investigation ber 22 in the Garfield, N.J., Messenger. lined up for the shot and put the ball square­ apparently confirms that he is a man of ly into the Hudson goal for a 3-2 victory and good character. But the Democratic major­ In view of the fact that the article offers a berth in the championship game. ities of the House and Senate also have to additional information about the Feli­ It set the stage for the climatic windup ask themselves whether Representative Ford cian Sisters, I would like to take this against Anderson, which upended Brecksville meets the test of competence and whether, opportunity to share their story with 1--0 in the semifinals. as representatives of the people, they are my colleagues. The article follows: "I'm afraid I'll wake up and find out that justified in assenting to the selection of a FELICIAN SISTERs To CELEBRATE 100 YEARS OJ' it was all a dream," Marie said after the candidate with what can fairly be called his SERVICE IN UNITED STATES championship triumph. "These are a great unrepresentative views on such major ques­ The Fellcian Sisters, a worldwide order of bunch of kids. They deserved it." tions as civil and human rights. nuns dedicated to teaching, nursing, care of November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38519 orphans, social service and mission work, THE WASHINGTON POST LOOKS AT tries, increased competition both from pri­ w111 begin a year-long observance of their MAJOR Oll.J vate independent companies and from emerg­ 100th anniversary in America this week ing state oil authorities and strict regula­ with a Mass of thanksgiving in each of their tion in the consuming countries. nine North American provinces. The Cen­ But in less than two months, they have tennial celebration will continue through HON. J. J. PICKLE lost any say over crude oil prices or produc­ November, 1974. OF TEXAS tion levels and are grappling with loss of From five Sisters who came to the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES control over the world's most important oil States in Noveml:er of 1874, the community fields. has grown to 5,000 members who work in 31 Wednesday, November 28, 1973 Only last week, Saudi Arabia said it wanted of the Union's 50 states as well as in Canada, immediate 51 per cent control over the Ara­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, a lengthy, bian-American 011 Co., instead of waiting Brazil, Europe and general headquarters in in Rome. but thorough, article published the for the scheduled date of 1982. OWned by four His Excellency Thomas A. Boland, arch­ Washington Post gives a good insight of the five American on giants (75 per cent) bishop of Newark, will open the centenary into the role of the larger oil companies and Saudi Arabia (25 per cent), Aramco is activities for the Felicla.n Sisters of Immac­ in the present energy situation. the world's largest petroleum production ulate Conception province, Lodi, with a I thought it most informative reading company. Solemn High Mass on Nov. 21, 11 a.m. at and would like to print it in the RECORD It is a great paradox that profits should be Lourdes Motherhouse chapel. Concelebrat­ at this time: soaring almost out of sight just as the com­ ing Mass with the archbishop will be Msgr. fortable world the majors created for them­ Theodore Bonelli, assistant chancellor; Rev. OIL MAJORS SQUEEZED FROM BOTH ENDS selves is falling apart. Royal Dutch Shell, Richard Groncki of Bellevllle, Rev. Edward (By Ronald Koven and David B. Ottaway) the world's largest non-American company, Hajduk and the Franciscan chaplains Rev. The profits of the major on companies has just posted a spectacular 274 per cent Humphrey Tobias, Rev. Camillus Janas, have never been so high; yet the pressures third quarter jump in profits over last year. Rev. Amandus Piontek and Rev. Bertrand and uncertainties they face, both in their Its big sister Exxon, the world's second larg­ Bluma. home countries and in the oil-producing est company (after OM), showed a handsome The community, officially known as the regions, have never been so great. Each pass­ 80 per cent rise and Gulf on 91 per cent. Congregation of the Sisters of St. Felix, was ing day brings news of fresh demands, con­ These figures would not be quite so spec­ founded in Poland by Sophia Truszkowska. trols or expropriations against the majors• tacular if 1972 had not been an exceedingly in 1855. At the request of Rev. Joseph Da­ holdings-not only in the Middle East, but lean year for the companies. But even com­ browski, five Sisters opened their first foun­ even in politically "safe" areas like Europe pared to 1971, a very good year, the jumps dation in this country in 1874 teaching and Canada. are solid in most cases. The great profits were grammar school in Polonia, Wisconsin, to Top oil experts say they are confused as earned outside the United States. children of early Midwestern settlers and to whether the future of the world's most Many of sma.ller independent companies Indian youngsters. important multinational corporations is which have only relatively minor foreign The Immaculate Conception province, grim or rosy. concessions, had little to complain about, Lodi, was the fourth American province to For, even though the majors have been either. Cities Service posted a 61 per cent be established. In 1897, the Felician Sisters losing their share of the world oil pie, the gain, Getty 71 per cent and Continental 011 staffed St. Anthony's School in Jersey City pie's size is not fixed-it has, in fact, been 38 per cent. marking their entrance into New Jersey. groWing in circumference at a phenomenal Such extraordinary yields were possible By 1906 there were seven more schools in rate. So the majors' reduced share will prob­ only before Oct. 16, when Persian Gulf New Jersey staffed by the Fellcian Sisters: ably be larger in absolute terms than it ever oil ministers more than halved the produc­ St. Stanislaus, Newark (1897); St. Joseph, was, leaving plenty for the smaller oil pro­ tion profits of the companies-from a high Camden (1901); St. Joseph, Passaic (1902); ducers, the so-called independents as the of more than 75 cents a barrel (multiplied Holy Cross, Trenton (1902). Also Our Lady world's energy needs continue to grow. by mllllons of barrels a day) to about 35 of Mount Carmel, Bayonne (1902); Sacred Still, it is clear that the days when the cents, according to the calculations of the Heart, South Amboy (1902); and St. Stephen, so-called Seven Sisters-standard 011 of New respected Petroleum Intelligence Weekly. Perth Amboy (1906). Jersey (Exxon), Royal Dutch Shell, British The oil ministers decreed a new pricing mechanism assuring that 88 per cent of any Presently, the 574 Felician Sisters of the Petroleum, Texaco, Mobil, Standard Oil of new price increase the companies declared Lodi province serve in 11 dioceses, staffing california (Chevron) and Gulf Oil-ruled would go into Arab and Iranian state coffers. 3 hospitals, 2 orphanages, 8 high schools, 47 the world of petroleum as absolute mon­ Before Oct. 16, the companies were profit­ elementary schools, 26 kindergartens, Fell­ archs are over, and that momentous changes ing from a steady rise in oil output, ever­ clan College and a School for Exceptional are taking place within the industry. These Children. widening production profit margins (from 22 changes may leave them as little more 'than cents a barrel in 1970 to 44 cents in early The Sisters are also engaged in summer service contractors, transporters and distrib­ 1973 and, finally, as high as 75 cents) and camp programs, catechetical instruction, re­ utors for the oil-producing states. relatively compliant consumer governments treat centers, prayer groups, free lunches A once heretical thesis, by MIT oil econ­ that allowed much of the steady price in­ for the poor, homes for the aged or retired, omist M. A. Adelman, is that the oil com­ creases to be passed on to the consumer. reading clinics, and diocesan projects. Their panies have been nothing but "tax-collecting The Oct. 16 decree was the result of in­ sphere of activity extends through New agents" for the Arab oil producers for sev­ tensive economic intelllgence work by Middle Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, eral years now. Soon there will be little East producers on the structure of company District of Columbia, Virginia and Okla­ ground for dispute of his view. profits in Europe. Although detailed infor­ homa. The implications of the companies' decline mation is jealously guarded, it is generally Mother Mary Amadeus, provincial superior goes far beyond their own commercial posi­ agreed that the companies had traditionally of the Lodi Fellcians, has announced a pro­ tions: Since five of the Seven Sisters are been making more than 80 per cent of their gram of spiritual renewal as well as a series giant American corporations, their loss of overall profits from production. The formu­ of cultural and social events which will com­ power also marks a major reduction in las the Arabs worked out show, one top U.S. memorate the Sisters' century of service in America's economic power in the world. oilman says, that they have decided that America. Since the Immaculate Conception Abroad, the five U.S. Sisters are the sym­ overall company profits should be restricted province was founded in April of 1909, special bols of American "economic imperialism," to 10 or 15 per cent, at best. activities will be scheduled at the Lodi choice targets for all sorts of economic na­ "In the first flush of despair, at least," said motherhouse during that month. tionalists. To radicals, they uphold the Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, "some tend Planned projects include days of prayer, hated status quo; to nationalistic conserva­ to feel it would be better to be nationalized symposium, exhibits, memorial services and tives, they threaten national independence. than bled white through this form of price Centenary concerts by elementary, high In 1950, the seven oil giants-each of which and profit-margin dictation since it won't be school, and college choirs conducted by the is an integrated international company­ worth investing the necessary capital for ex­ Felician Sisters. Climaxing the celebration controlled 99 percent of the crude oil pro­ pansion of production." will be a Pontifical Mass on April 27 at duction in the world trade. By 1971, the "The phenomenal earnings we have just Sacred Heart Cathedral, Newark. seven, known as the majors, had seen their seen are definitely an Indian summer, those The Congregation of the Fellcian Sisters control drop to 81 per cent in the 11 prin­ last beautiful blooms before the frost," com­ published a Centennial Calendar and a com­ cipal on-exporting countries (not counting mented a leading U.S. domestic oilman. "The the Soviet bloc and Canada). Japan, which Seven Sisters are finishing their golden age." memorative book, "Response", which depicts must import all its oil, buys about 70 per the history of the Fellcians in America. Both An oil analyst for a respected Wa.ll Street cent of it from the majors. The Common firm complained. "The bosses want me to publications are being distributed to the Market, which must also import the bulk of make 1974 oil company earnings estimates. public. its oil, buys half of it from the majors. I'll make them. But they won't be worth the A major project of the centenary year for The latest Middle East war has only pre­ paper they're written on." the Lodi province is the renovation of the cipitated trends that were long undermining Another factor in the companies' recent Immaculate Conception Chapel located on the majors' dominant position. They already high profits was that during the period of the motherhouse grounds. faced gradual takeover by producing coun- wild price rises, the giants were selllng off 38520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 stocks of oil bought before petroleum prices Chase officials calculated that to meet its quintupled before the Arab on embargo, the started doubling and redoubling in what was investment needs the industry would need Seven Sisters had an average cost advantage described as "embargo-induced hysteria.," to double the rate of its profit margin, since over those paying "spot" tanker rates of at some North African oil that had gone for 1955 to 16 per cent. "The expansion of net least 50 cents a. barrel and sometimes as much about $3.50 a. barrel in mid-1971 brought earnings over the past four years was not as $3. •12.64 in bidding in Tunisia. recently. even one-fourth as large as the indicated The present replacement value of the ma­ The Arab oil ministers also made it clear need," said a Chase study. In any case, said jors' tanker fleet is about triple what it cost on Oct. 16 that they are prepared to ration a bank official, "We're doubtful that govern­ to build the same ships only two years ago. production so as to make the most money ments would allow such high profits." Everyone is scrambling to build tankers-at from the least amount of oil. The production Nevertheless, the search "will have to be a cost of $50 million for a 250,000-tonner. The cutbacks prompted by the use of oil as a conducted deeper in the earth, in more re­ majors' stUl-substa.ntia.l capital holdings political weapon against the backers of Israel mote regions and in offshore areas. In each give them a. built-in advantage over the in­ also established that the governments, not case, the investment required will be much ternational independents and the newcomers the companies, will control the level of the greater than the amount needed for the to otl shipping. oil flow. smaller-scale efforts of the past. Most estimates, however, are that tanker "The Arabs were volume-oriented for It is calculated, for example, that a 9,400- building wm catch up to the needs in two years," said a U.S. oilman. "Those days are foot onshore oil well costs $140,000. But drill­ years or less, bringing rates down and wiping over." The Arabs have decided to manipulate ing costs rise geometrically. A 25,000-foot out the majors' advantage. The reopening of prices and production to maximize the in­ exploratory hole costs about $5 million and, the Suez Canal could create a glut within a comes of national treasuries at the expense of like as not it is dry. Atlantic Richfield year. company profits, he said. (Arco) chairman Robert 0. Anderson agreed Refining. In 1971, the majors owned around Meanwhile, consumer governments have that the best a petroleum geologist can gen­ hal! of the entire non-Communist world's been moving to increase their control over erally promise, no matter how ecstatic he gets refining capacity of 47 million barrels a. day the companies at the other end-a move ac­ about the prospect of finding on, is an 8-to-1 (including 48 per cent in the United States). celerated by current Arab oil embargoes and chance of actually finding it. "An 8-to-1 shot The cost of entering the refining sector is production cutbacks. is pretty good in our business," said Ander­ almost prohibitive, except for the majors, American oil executives fear piecemeal, son. Other costs are phenomenal, too. Losing state oil companies and the handful of pri­ country-by-country nationalizations, not an occasional $100 million drilling platform marily domestic American ~·mini-majors" only at the production end, but also in the in a. North Sea. gale has to be counted as part like Standard of Indiana (Amoco). It costs consuming countries. "Everywhere the majors of the game. $2,000 per barrel of capacity, or $400 mUUon go, they run into the same pressures. The The industry has traditionally had to gen­ for a 200,000-ba.rrel refinery. word is out. It's not just the Arabs," said an erate 80 per cent of its own new investment Marketing and Distributing. Because of oilman. capital because of the large element of gam­ their worldwide outlets and transportation West Germany was the only important Eu­ ble in so many of its operations. But even capacity in ships and pipelines, the majors ropean government allowing a. free market in before the present Middle East crisis, Chase w1ll continue for years to have a clear edge. petroleum, until the Arab cutbacks forced it estimated that the industry would have had Even the state oll companies wlll need the to join its neighbors in regulating the com­ to borrow 40 per cent of the $1 trillion from majors to help get the right amount of oil panies. Several European countries now seem outside sources-eight times as much money to the right place at the right time-a func­ tempted to squeeze the majors out altogether. as it borrowed from 1955 to 1970. tion known as "balancing the barrel." The France is threatening to revoke their refining As it was, the industry's self-financing ca­ majors own more than half of the world's and marketing privileges if they do not main­ pacity was declining, and it had doubled its marketing network; Exxon alone claims tain French supplies to the last barrel. expenses for interest payments in four years. about 10 per cent of all sales. ENI, the Italian state oil combine, was say­ Now, with a severe profit squeeze expected Goodwill. The intangible asset of an estab­ ing only a few months ago that Italy "would in a year or less, the companies may have lished worldwide reputation assures the be in serious trouble if the multinational to go even more heavily into debt than ex­ majors of a. continuing advantage with pro­ companies should suddenly withdraw." Nev­ pected. Yet, investors are unlikely to be at­ ducers as well as motorists, and-just as ertheless, the Italian government was squeez­ tracted to an industry faced with declining importantly-with investors and whole­ ing the companies' profits by not letting profits as a result of price controls, heavy salers. Even in Arab Socialist states (not to them pass on their increased costs, a situa­ indebtedness and a substantially reduced mention conservative, non-Arab Iran), tion intenslfled by the latest round of price access to its raw material. where the majors have been nationalized increases during the Middle East war. "Nobody is going to invest that kind of big the new state on companies have often Even before the war, Shell, British Petro­ money if they think the industry is going turned to them for service contracts, to help leum, Exxon and Gulf had all been acting to turn into a. public ut111ty," said a. veteran them find and extract crude, build new to reduce or liquidate their Italian interests; stock analyst. facilities and get the on to Western markets. now there is serious talk of ENI taking over Even before the latest Middle East war, the Access to Oil. Even though the oil states crude oil imports from the majors in direct main question around Wall Street-after the are gradually taking control of Western­ deals with the producing countries-wiping outcome of Watergate-was, "Whither the owned fields and production, the majors stlll out the majors' role in Italy. oil companies?" (Oil and oil-related stocks retain access to considerable amounts of There is not much more comfort for the represent 20 per cent of the issues on the oil. If Saudi Arabia takes a 51 per cent American majors at home. Once used to New York Stock Exchange, according to &n share of Aramco, it would leave the four getting their way with both government and analyst at the respected Wall Street firm of American majors with about 4.5 million consumer, they have been living for more Schroder Naess & Thomas.) barrels dally, at the planned prewar produc­ than a year under the constraints of the Cost Despite all the problems, the investment tion level of 9 million for this month. Even of Living Council, which has let them pass analysts point out that the turmoil the ma­ as service contractors in Iran, the majors on increased raw materials costs but not the jors have endured in the recent past only goes are getting the bulk of that country's cur­ costs of new investmen-ts. Now, since the to show that they are best at dealing with rent 6 million barrels dally production. Arab embargo, the companies also face gov­ the very thing they fear most--constantly There are still enough politically "safe" ernment allocation and rationing programs. changing circumstances. deposits to assure some of the majors of "The problem," said an executive of one "It's hard to imagine an industry which large fields of their own. In the North Sea, of the majors, to the agreeing nods of a group has changed so radically in a. year's time, and which is apparently far richer than had of colleagues, "is that government decisions still they have done very well," said an execu­ been imagined, British Petroleum and Shell respond to political and social pressures and tive at a. leading oil-investment bank. "It have holdings that may eventually meet don't take into account our business needs." shows their res111ency and a.b1lity to cope. It's most of their future needs. BP is also well­ Another of the industry's major uncer­ the result of their having to deal with a. wide entrenched in Alaska's North Slope oil. tainties is where to find the tremendous variety of experiences in different countries. These combined assets of the majors have amounts of investment capital it needs for They are wen-trained to adapt to changing led Robert Mertz, who has made a study of expansion. Italy's anxiety coincides with in­ circumstances. It's a high-risk business. They them for the Brookings Institution, to con­ creased domestic political pressure to limit expect the worst. That way they're prepared. clude that the "frequent predictions of the oil profits by turning the companies into Any other industry would have been wiped imminent demise of the majors are vastly public utilities. out." exaggerated.'' The Chase Manhattan Bank had estimated In addition to their flexibility and exper­ "Their global marketing structure," he even before the Arab oil cutbacks that be­ tise, the majors have an impressive array of said, "is their greatest asset for the future tween now and 1985 the industry would need other strengths and assets: competitive position and share of the market ~1 trillion for investment and current oper­ The world's largest tanker fleet. The majors and will be the most important factor in ating expenses to meet the world's rising own, or control under long-term charter, joining their interests with those of the energy needs. It considered $600 billion neces­ about 1,400 of the 3,500 otl tankers in the producing countries. Besides, three quarters sary for new investment and $400 blllion non-Communist world--40 per cent of the of the major's capital investment are down­ needed to maintain ongoing operation. By bottoms and 47 per cent of the tonnage. stream 1n transportation, refining and comparison, in 1971 the industry's total in­ (About 60 per cent of all merchant shipping marketing. Shell Oil, to take one example. vestment over the years in fixed assets was Ia petroleum nowadays.) has about 77 per cent of its assets down­ calculated at $223 blllion. With tanker rates having tripled and even stream beyond the reach of expropriators." November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38521 But the majors' very size, strengths and With Iran to build a $1 billlon jointly owned in refining because, as worldwide operators, success make them peculiarly vulnerable to export refinery with a 500,000-barrel-a-day they can more easily plan on the assumption economic nationalists. capacity. that they Will somehow get the oil to keep As the current crisis in the Atlantic Alli­ .Such independents are already veterans new refineries busy. Even a medium-sized in­ ance has shown, even our European alUes from whom the majors know what to ex­ dependent cannot afford to build new re­ suspect that American companies will be pect. Now, however, they are being crowded finery capacity at current prices unless it is forcecl into an America-first policy. Arco's by a whole flock of new buyers like Coastal assured of long-term supplies, and most of Robert Anderson pointed out that while a States of Texas, the refiner who paid the rec­ the independents are too small to have their company operating in 100 dttrerent countries ord $12.64 a barrel in Tunisia and bought eggs in very many baskets. hacl no problems so long as there was more "hot oil" from Libya that the majors With "We are all faced," said Atkins of Ashland, than enough oil to go around, in a tight sup­ U.S. government backing, claimed in court "With the inability to get a long-term com­ ply situation it must prove to each of those was illegally sold from their expropriated mitment. We're not planning to build a new 100 governments that it is dealing equitably. Libyan fields. refinery till we can see the crude oil supply The crisis has forced the companies into In addition to such unorthodox operators, picture. A company needs at least a 10-year the uncomfortable position of allocating the U.S. public utllities are going straight to contract to go aheacl with a refinery. Last reduced quantities of available oil among the producing countries for their oil. Shortly year, Saudi Arabia was sell1ng its oil on competing countries. They are being ac­ before the war, southern California and New three-year contracts. This year, it Will be cused of breaking supply contracts and York power companies were dickering di­ only !or two years." expect to face an inextricable tangle of rectly for oil at then-record prices. Even the majors are holding back on re­ lawsuits. The prospect is somewhat different for finery expansion because of the murky sup­ At home, the majors are viewed by much each of the American majors, Exxon, the ply prospects. Historically, refining has pro­ of the public as the cllrect descendants of the giant of giants, is generally agreed to be in vided profits of only 2 to 3 per cent, accord­ turn-of-the-century "robber barons." Thus, good shape. Its worldwide interests mean ing to a leading Wall Street oil investment even the relatively minor gasoline shortage that whenever there is trouble somewhere, broker. last summer was immediately attributed to there is news that Exxon has been hurt, but As for marketing, the majors are reorga­ a "conspiracy" by Big Oil to force up prices. it also means that it is widely scattered nizing, reversing the accepted strategy of the There were immediate demands in Congress enough to weather almost any storm. 1950s and 1960s. Then, the prime considera­ for strict new controls and even nationaliza­ Mobil is also said to be well off, because tion was not how much money a major's gas tion and the companies found little w1111ng­ it was the least committed of all the majors stations were making, but what share of the ne~ to debate the merits of their case. "Our to Middle East production. market they represented. As Standard & credibility is zero," said the president of one Gulf is considered to be in the most Poor's investment analysis service puts it, of the majors. trouble. More than half of its Eastern Hemi­ "The majors are tightening up on their One of the charges against the majors was sphere oil sources are in one spot--Kuwait, downstream operations in the U.S., weeding that they were trying to force the independ­ the first of the conservative Arab states out unprofitable service stations, and even ents out of business. But some of those in­ to demand 51 per cent control. There are de­ selling off whole geographical chunks which dependents-medium-sized international op­ mands in Kuwait for a total takeover. were not carrying their weight." erators like Occidental or Continental Oil­ Gulf's Kuwait oil once represented more Exxon has been selllng off its stations in have been making gains at the expense of than 100 per cent of its profits, according most of the North Central states. Gulf has the majors in their former preserves and to officials at one of Wall Street's top oil been getting out of the West Coast. have suddenly found themselves the favored banks, since the company was losing money "We are in a semi-liquidation position," partners of t h e Middle East state oil com- on all the rest of its operations. Gulf's 91 one marketing official for a major oil com­ panies. . per cent third-quarter profit flattens out to pany said. "We are losing market share, but Both radical and conservative in the Mid­ what Petroleum Intelligence Weekly called making more money. If governments only dle East have used the independents' will­ "a barely healthy 10.8 per cent, when aver­ allow price increases for raw materials to be ingness to pay fancy oil prices as wedges for aged out With the last three years' results. charged to the consumer, then we do better general price increases. John H. Lichtblau, The situations of Texaco and Standard of if we don't make new investments, which are a top independent oil analyst, said, "National California are considered to be between the at vastly Inflationary rates." oil companies may prefer to sell to independ­ two extremes-neither good nor bacl for the The majors are diversifying. Besides seek­ ents to keep more buyers bidding. The more moment. ing new sources of oil-in places as nearby buyers there are, th~ better off the national Some of the majors, at least, seem philo­ as the Long Island and New Jersey coast­ on companies are ... sophical about being turned into closely reg­ lines and as far away as Timbuktu, inland The turmoil of the past several years has ulated public utilities. "Other industries hundreds of miles into the wastes of the demonstrated that there is plenty of room have managed as utilities. We would, too, if Sahara Desert--they have been betting on an for an aggressive independent, with no stake it came to that," said the president of one of eventual comeback of coal. in preserving the status quo, to make in­ the healthier companies. Many of the oil companies began buying roads on the traclitional turfs of the majors. If the majors are to avoid the fate of up coal fields back in the mid-1960s: Exxon Armand Hammer of Occidental immediately having the independents and the state oil has estimated coal reserves of 7 billion tons, accepted a Libyan demand this summer for companies feed off their carcasses--as the largely in Wyoming and Montana; Gulf has 51 per cent control of his concession. He has majors themselves fed off the petroleum 2.6 billion tons. The American "m!ni­ been getting more Libyan oil than ever be­ from the fossilized remains of the swamp majors" are also hedging on coal-Continen­ fore, while the majors have been restricted dinosaurs pictured in the old Sinclair 011 tal on has an estimated 8 billion tons. to 49 per cent of their previous amounts. ads--they must find new strategies for sur­ "Besides oil," says Standard & Poor's, "the The majors accuse Hammer of having vival. major U.S. oil companies now are estimated started the whole unraveling process in the Their main problem is that the center to provide 20 per cent of our coal and to Middle East by eagerly accepting every suc­ of profits in production, is driving up. A new hold over half our known deposits of ura­ cessive Libyan demand since 1970 so as to locus of profits must be found to provide nium." The five U.S. majors all have a stake expand his mini-empire. While the majors the enormous amounts of investment capt­ in shale oil extraction in the Rocky Moun­ are fighting a rearguard action against being tal needed in the coming decade. tain states, and are branching into nuclear reduced to service contractors, Hammer says, The companies are moving in two direc­ energy. "It's a natural tendency for countries to want tions--downstream, in their traclitionally With crude prices up so dramatically, to control their own resources. There's no low-yield petroleum shipping, refining and some of the exotic processes that were con­ sense fighting It. Our company has been a marketing operations; and out of conven­ sidered uneconomical until recently have pioneer in service-type contracts, versus the tional oil operations, both back into old­ suddenly become very attractive, although old ownership contracts where private com­ fashioned alternatives like coal and into some still look like nonstarters when it panies think they own the minerals in the exotic new ones like extracting oil from comes to providing significant\ quantities of ground." shale rock and coal liquefaction and gasifi­ oil any time soon. Exxon calculates that Crude-short Ashland 011 of Kentucky cation. synthetic crude oil from coal can now be struck a deal with the Iranian National 011 For the immediate future, however, most made at a once-prohibitive $7 a barrel. co. for an assured supply of 60,000 barrels analysts agree, the big money must come Exxon 1s also participating in a $1 billion project to extract 150,000 barrels of oil daily a day-growing to 100,000 by 1975-·in ex­ from getting most of the profits from down­ from the Athabasca tar sands in Alberta­ change for a half of its interests 1n New stream oil operations. For the first time in a an investment of almost $7,000 per barrel of York State, including a petrochemical plant long time, marketing and refining will have dally production capacity. The company 1s and 180 service stations. This dovetails neatly to stand on their own feet," said a Wall also heavily committed to pilot projects in with Ashland's plans to expand its 60,000- Street analyst. "The days when they just the liquefaction and gasification of coal. barrel a day refinery in Buffalo, N.Y. to served to realize the profits made on produc­ "The majors will have to become full­ 100,000. tion are gone." energy companies, able to produce coal, gas, Orin E. Atkins, president of Ashland, called With a glut coming in the shipping busi­ nuclear energy or what-ever," said an execu­ the deal "the logical approach to securing ness, refining and marketing are the only tive in the petroleum division of a leading long-term supplies." major sectors left for generating profits, and Wall Street investment bank. "They know A group of largely unknown independents there are major uncertainties in both fields. what energy 1s all about. They're attuned to signed a memorandum of intent this month But the majors have a relative aclvantage the problems, but this is likely to get them 38522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 entangled with the antitrust laws, the Fed­ The Federal Oil and Gas Corporation ico; Petrobas in Brazil, and YPF in Ar­ eral Power Commission and the Federal would assure that the public which owns gentina; Oil India; in each the idea­ Trade Commission and so forth." these resources benefits as soon as pos­ development of vital resources in the Noting that a company dealing in a prod­ sible. public interest-is the same. uct in short supply is likely to do well, oil analyst Lichtblau said, "Who would you There are four essential purposes to be One recent entry into the national expect to make money when a commodity is achieved by the establishment of a Fed­ energy company field is the Norwegian scarce but the people who sell it? eral Oil and Gas Corporation: State Oil Co. A recent study of national "It's not as 1f their product is going out First. It would develop publicly owned oil companies by the Canadian Govern­ of style. It's not like cigarettes, you know. resources on Federal lands to satisfy ment notes that- The majors aren't going out of existence. national energy needs rather than to With the discovery of o111n the Norwegian Exxon will be around as long as we are. maximize private sector profits. sector of the North Sea the Norwegian Gov­ They'll make money, but maybe not like in Second. Corporation would stimulate ernment took aggressive action to ensure that 1973." competition in the petroleum business. on developments would be under terms and The majors themselves talk just as con­ Third. Corporation would provide the conditions which maximized the benefits fidently. "Thing are tight," said the head to the nation. of one of the Seven Sisters, "and when public with knowledge of actual cost of things were tight in the past, we always producing oil and gas so public policy can The purpose of the Federal Oil and Gas managed to make money." be geared to the Nation's interest. It Corporation I propose would be to take would give the Nation a "yardstick" aggressive action to insure that oil and against which to judge performance of natural gas deposits--primarily under private oil companies. public lands-are developed and on terms FEDERAL on. AND GAS COR­ Fourth. Corporation would contribute and conditions which maximize the bene­ PORATION additional fuel supplies which the Fed­ fits to the Nation. eral Government could effectively allo­ It is not the purpose of this legisla­ cate to essential public needs. tion to provide a forerunner for nation­ HON. JOHN E. MOSS The Corporation would have access to alizing the American petroleum industry. OF CALIFORNIA publicly owned gas and oil rights on Fed­ The purpose is to develop public re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral lands, as well as power to acquire sources--and preserve the free enterprise similar rights on private lands. It could system in the petroleum industry. But Wednesday, November 28. 1973 enter into the full range of activities private oil companies need a spur, a yard­ Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I introduce necessary for exploration, development, stick, an incentive, and competition. This for appropriate reference legislation to refining, transportation, and marketing Corporation would provide that yard­ create a Federal Oil and Gas Corpora­ of petroleum and gas products. It would stick. tion. The primary task of this Corpora­ be able to enter into activities outside ex­ tion is to explore for, develop, and pro­ ploration, development, and production duce the large deposits of oil and natural only if unable to sell crude oil and nat­ THE CASE FOR THE SAFE SCHOOLS gas on lands owned by the Federal Gov­ ural gas to companies which would pro­ ACT ernment. mote competition in the industry. Our growth has exceeded our capacity The Corporation would have authority to be self-sufficient in oil. In addition to issue bonds to cover indebtedness, and HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM to this there is the Arab oil embargo Federal appropriations in the amount of OF NEW YORK proving we dare not become dependent $50 million per year would be authorized IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES upon other nations. Some other foreign for the first 10 years. countries are taking further advantage The Corporation would be required to Wednesday, November 28, 1973 of our needs to hike their prices. Our make public disclosure of its proprietary Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, in Jan­ response must take the form of energy information to assure data on actual pro­ uary of this year I introduced the Safe conservation and energy self -sufficiency. duction costs in the petroleum industry. Schools Act, H.R. 2650, a bill that would One matter is not at issue, there re­ It would make available to the public amend the Elementary and Secondary mains in the United States adequate do­ patents and inventions, and corporate Education Act of 1965 to assist school mestic resources of oil and natural gas profits would inure to the Federal Treas­ districts to carry out locally approved to meet our intermediate term needs, and ury for benefit of all citizens. school security plans. The aim of the that the United States owns most of this Development of public resources by a legislation is to aid school districts in oil and natural gas. public corporation is not new. The rec­ their efforts to reduce crime against The U.S. Geological Survey estimated ord of the Tennessee Valley Authority students, employees and facilities. Con­ there are almost 500 billion barrels of oil speaks for itself. Countries with national gressman PERKINS, the distinguished in proved, indicated additional and un­ oil companies today are more nearly the chairman of the House Education and discovered reserves, and almost 2,400 rule than the exception. In 1914, the Labor Committee and of the General trillion cubic feet of proven and undis­ British Government, at urging of Win­ Education Subcommittee held hearings covered natural gas reserves yet to be ston Churchill, bought controlling inter­ on H.R. 2650 to develop the merits of my found both onshore and offshore in the est in British Petroleum-BP. Churchill proposal. At that time, I listed numerous United States. It must be remembered argued that the British Navy needed a se­ examples of serious criminal activity in that we presently consume about 6.5 bil­ cure source of oil under British control, various schools throughout the country. lion barrels of oil and 22 trillion cubic that if the navy had its own supply of oil Incidents of serious crime in public feet of natural gas per year. Estimates it would no longer have to rely on a world schools against students, staff and facili­ of how much of these resources are un­ market dominated by gigantic corpora­ ties have steadily increased. There is no der Federal lands range from 50 to 75 tions, and that long-term energy require­ nationally uniform system for comput­ percent. The bulk of our vast domestic ments in war and in peace would be as­ ing the statistics on school crime, how­ oil and gas resources are public resources sured at reasonable prices. Churchill's ever, my most recent research, for ex­ and should be developed for the people. arguments might well be made in an­ ample revealed that: Yet only about 2 percent of Federal other time and place-today in the On December 21, 1972, a pipe bomb lands under which oil and gas may be United States. exploded in a corridor at the Glendale found have been leased for exploratory The British Gas Council, a govern­ High School in Glendale, Calif., destroy­ and developmental purposes to private mental agency, has authority to develop ing 1 locker and damaging 10 others. oil and gas companies. Recent testimony gas on offshore public lands, primarily In January 1973, two different New before a Senate subcommittee indicates in the North Sea. Its existence has in­ York City teachers were raped on the that wells on over 10 percent of leased creased natural gas production and re­ same day in two different elementary acreage have been classified by the U.S. duced natural gas prices. schools. Geological Survey as "producing shut­ There are numerous other examples-­ In San Francisco, a 17-year-old boy in." These are wells capable of com­ the Compagnie Francaise des Petroles­ was stabbed to death after he teased a mercial production but temporarily CFP in France, the Ente Nazionale Idro­ classmate about losing a game of domi­ "shut-in" and held back from production. carburi-ENI-in Italy; Pemex in Mex- noes to a girl. November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38523 In 1 week in April, there were no hot Kansas City spent $231,801 on security formed the person calling of the item in­ meals for the students of New York City's guards and other security measures. volved, namely a kitchen knife. She also in­ PS 65. The entire week's supply of food formed the person that she could lay no Surely these statistics warrant con­ blame on the product; the operator was for the South Bronx school, including gressional action to assist schools to com­ solely to blame. 154 pounds of ham and 90 pounds of bat the incredible increase of crime, I admire the etliclency of a system thai cheese, had been stolen the night before, property destruction and personal injury can get word to Washington and back in only hours after delivery. to faculty, students, and staff. Millions of less than one week about our pear relish Other startling statistics involving dollars are being drained from the al­ operation. Further, quite honestly, this is crime in the Nation's public schools in­ ready overtaxed school budget on secu­ much more government than I am interested clude the following: rity systems, and on equipment and man­ in, care to have or want to pay for and rec­ ommend that this is one place you can start Schools have become the third most power replacement. These moneys should balancing the federal budget by cutting down popular target for bombers in the Nation; be spent for the proper education and on employees and their accompanying ex­ Sixty percent of all school fires now training of our youth. Due to lack of penses. originate as arson or during an act of funds for the educational curriculum Yours very truly, vandalism; itself, and in response to the increase in W. A. CoLLINS, Jr. School fires cost $50 milllon in 1973; crime, some school systems, such as Chi­ Even rural schools are finding it "al­ cago and Washington, D.C., have intro­ most impossible" to purchase insurance duced armed guards and policemen in an because of vandalism, according to the attempt to maintain order. These schools WAR POWERS LEGISLATION National Association of Secondary School are inadvertently becoming armed Principals; camps. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Cleveland Public School Security Di­ Our public schools need help. The Safe OP INDIANA rector William Strawbridge has stated Schools Act would earmark Federal that "crime is accelerating at an alarm­ funds for the purpose of studying the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing pace." school crime problem, developing and Wednesday, November 28, 1973 In the Seattle public schools: testing techniques for dealing with it, Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I in­ One million forty-two thousand nine and assisting the most vulnerable school clude my Washington Report, entitled hundred and eighty-two dollars of prop­ districtS in formulating and implement­ "War Powers," at this point: erty was destroyed in 8,662 cases of van­ ing organized programs to achieve a se­ dalism in 1972 : WAR PoWERS cure learning environment for students When historians take a look at the record One thousand eight hundred and and a secure working environment for of the Congress 1n 1973, my guess is that they eighty-six crimes against persons were staff. It is supported by educators, the will judge the War Powers law as the most reported in 1972, including homicide, sex 75,000-member union of the United Fed­ important piece of legislation enacted be­ offenses, robbery, assault, narcotics or eration of Teachers, police officials, and cause It marks a turning point 1n the con­ other drugs, and weapons possession; administrators across the country. tinuing struggle within the American con­ Assault with intent to inflict serious I cannot stress too strongly the urgent stitutional system to restore the Congress as injury increased more than 70 percent a co-equal branch of government. and profound need to come to the aid of The War Powers law, a product of 3 years between the 1971 and 1973 school years; our schools and enact safe school legis­ of Congressional work, aims at llmlting the Incidents of robbery doubled over the lation. Presidential power to commit armed forces to same period. hostllltles abroad without Congressional ap­ In the Los Angeles public schools: proval. It contains the following provisions: Three million dollars of the school PEAR RELISH AND THE FEDERAL 1. The President is required to consult with budget was spent on security; GOVERNMENT Congress before introducing U.S. forces into The number of assaults on students any foreign hostllitles; and teachers doubled from September 2. The President is required to make a full HON. DALE MILFORD report to Congress within 48 hours after to December 1972 as compared to the committing armed forces abroad; same period in 1971; OF TEXAS 3. The President must withdraw all troops Assaults increased from 423 in 1971 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES within 60 days 1! Congress has not declared to 1,052 in 1972; Wednesday, November 28, 1973 war or speclflcally authorized the commit­ Three and seven-tenths million dol­ ment. The President can extend the period lars was lost in vandalized property in Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, one of my for 30 days by certifying to Congress that the 1971 as compared to $2.9 million in 1970; constituents, Mr. W. A. Collins, Jr., of additional period is necessary for the safe In the 1971-72 school year alone, there Arlington, wrote a letter this fall point­ withdrawal of U.S. forces; ing out the long term of big govern­ 4. And it requires the President to with­ were 885,000 reports of burglary, 201,000 draw all troops Immediately if Congress at reports of burglary related crimes, 650,- ment. The letter is amusing, but unfor­ any time adopts a veto-proof concurrent reso­ 000 of glass breakage, 580,000 of arson, tunately factual, and I would like to lution to end an action. 65,000 of mischievous destruction, and share this with my colleagues: The War Powers law seeks to assure that 280 assaults, 17 with guns. PEAR RELISH AND THE FEDERAL GoVERNMENT the most important decision made by gov­ Across the Nation during the 1972-73 ARLINGTON, TEx., September 21, 1973. ernment--whether or not to go to war--is school year: Congressman DALE MILFORD, shared responslbillty between the President Washington, D.O. and the Congress, as the U.S. Constitution A Fort Lauderdale teacher died after DEAR Sm: On Thursday, Septem intends and the standards of democracy re­ receiving gunshot wounds inflicted by a DEAR Sm: On Thursday, September 13, quire. The merit of the blll is that it com­ former student; 1973, my wife and I were making pear relish, pels the President to consult with Congress An 18-year-old St. Louis student was something we have done for many years. when committing American forces overseas shot and killed while trying to stop a (It's wonderful on black-eyed peas.) She and to obtain Congressional consent for any theft from his school locker; got carried away with quartering the pears prolonged mllltary action. The consultative Cleveland, Ohio, city schools reported and sliced the end of her left little finger­ process will require him to justi!y his actions five stitches worth. She was well taken care to Congress, and it will bring the decision­ 50 incidents of sexual molestation; of at the emergency room of the Arlington making process on whether to go to war into One hundred and fifty-five Chicago Memorial Hospital. the open. In my view, this is the law's chief teachers were assaulted in 1 month in I am sure you are wondering why I'm tak­ virtue. A primary lesson of the Vietnam War 1972; ing the time and trouble to inform you of the is the peril of secrecy in the conduct of for­ Maintenance cost of the Houston, foregoing. Read on- eign policy and the necessity of open leader­ Tex., school security force has increased On Wednesday, September 19, 1973, my ship. Basic foreign policy decisions must rest from $20,000 in 1972 to $389,000 in 1973; wife received a long distance telephone call upon informed public support. from what she thinks was the National Elec­ The War Powers law also signals a resur­ The city of Dallas expects to spend as tronics Surveillance System of the Federal gence of Congressional independence after a much as $1.5 million in their securjJ;y Drug Administration asking 1! a product was long period of acquiescence to the President's programs; involved. The person seemed to have con­ war-making power. Beyond the vital Congres­ Washington, D.C., public schools spent siderable more interest in the product than sional check it conta.lns, the law's s1gn11l­ $535,692 on vandalized property; in the state of my wife's health. My wife In- cance is that the Congress is reclaiming some 38524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2.8, 1973 of its Constitutional power after along period my colleagues of what is fa.cing the Con­ For nearly 200 years, the B111 of Rights has of allowing it to be eroded. The President's gress and the Nation if we do not act withstood the attempts of many presidents weakened political position because of Wa­ on this matter. to overrule its limits. Some have succeeded tergate may have been a factor, but I do not The article follows: occasionally, and almost all presidents have View the bill as a vote of no-conftdence 1n violated one or another individual right. But President Nixon. Rather, it reflects the new THE IsSUE Is OUR FUTURE until now, no president has so systematically attitude among Congressmen that the Con­ (By Ira Glasser) and thoroughly taken the position that his gress must play an important role in the Nixon is not the only issue. He should be power is unllmited by law. Richard Nixon has question of whether we go to war. The law 1.8 impeached, but impeachment is a grave pro­ taken that position, and he must be stopped. directed at all recent Presidents, and says, 1n cedure, not to be entered into lightly, and We are at a crossroads today that we have effect, that future Presidents should not never to be entered into for partisan politi­ not been at since the beginning of this na­ make war without Congressional approval. cal reasons. We should not support impeach­ tion. Richard Nixon is not the issue. The House Majority Leader Thomas O'Neill ment because we have opposed Riohard Nixon next three years is not the issue. The issue is (Mass.) said, "If the President can deal with politically for 20 years, and we should not our future. the Arabs, Israelis and the Soviet Union, he shrink from impeachment because we have For if we do not impeach Richard Nixon ought to be willing to deal with the congress supported him in the past. now, then we invite every future president of the U.S." We should impeach Richard Nixon because to claim the same unlimited powers. If we do The war Powers law had a rocky road to he has tried to make himself an elected king. not restore those limits now, we abolish our enactment. When it :first came up for con­ He has taken unto himself powers that no rights. Individual rights are synonymous sideration, few legislators expected it to be­ person-and no government--should ever be with legal limits upon power. If Richard come law, and most were surprised when allowed to have. He has taken the power to Nixon is not impeached, then the lesson will events converged to enable the Congress to wiretap people who are not criminals, and be clear to all future presidents: they'll all override the President's veto. Some conser­ without even a warrant. He has bombed a do it, and the Bill of Rights w111 become a vatives claimed it was unconstitutional and foreign nation and kept it a secret from Con­ meaningless document. deprived the power of the President to act gress. He has set up a private secret pollee-­ Any United States Representative who is decisively in a crisis. However, the law spe­ the plumbers--to burglarize, spy, and inter­ not for impeachment is an accomplice to the cifically states it is not intended to alter cept the mall of his political opponents. He destruction of the B111 of Rights. Any citizen the Constitutional authority of the President, has stolen the :files of a man's psychiatrist. who does not write his or her Representa­ but only to establish a procedure for its He has sought to use the Internal Revenue tive is covering up the destruction of Uberty. legitimate exercise. The measure does not service to harass his political opponents. He Impeachment is not a process merely to re­ preclude bold and effective Presidential ac­ has withheld evidence in a criminal case. He move Richard Nixon; it is instead a referen­ tion in a crisis, but only requires him to has defied a court order. He has authorized a dum on liberty. gain Congressional support. For example, the close aide to offer a federal judge the direct­ Nixon must be brought to trial. This nation law would not have hindered the President orship of the FBI while that judge was pre­ needs a public inquiry into his conduct and in following his chosen course in the recent siding over the trial of Daniel Ellsberg. He he deserves a fair trial on the charges against Mideast war, or, for that matter, in any of has authorized Ulegal dragnet arrests of him. The only way to have tha,t trial is to the recent international crises. thousands of peaceful demonstrators. He has impeach him. Anything less is complicity. Some liberals objected to the law because systematically harassed the press and used they claim it gave to the President authority his federal regulatory agencies to intimidate he does not now have to wage war for 60 investigative reporting. He has transformed days. This argument ignores the fact that the gran.Q juries into instruments of political in­ REPORTED MISTREATMENfi' OF President already acts in this manner. quisition. He has impounded funds appro­ ISRAELI PRISONERS OF WAR No miracles should be expected from this priated by Congress and, in effect, refused to legislation. It does not insure the nation execute the laws. against future wars or make the decisions He has violated a hundred times over his about going to war any easier. The War oath to uphold the Constitution. He has sys­ HON. JOE MOAKLEY Powers law probably will not have any im­ tematically t~en the kingly position that the OF MASSACHUSETI'S mediate practical effect since American sol­ legal limits which restrain every citizen and diers are not in combat today anywhere in every public officia.l do not restrain him. He IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the world, or expected to be in combat any­ has left us no doubt: he means to function Wednesday, November 28, 1973 where. Even with this legislation, the Presi­ above the law. And if we let him do it, we dent, on his own, can still commit the wlll all be accomplices to the establishment Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, just as armed forces to foreign combat. And once of a monarchy in America. I spoke out against inhuman treatment the m111tary power of the U.S. is commit­ Individual rights are a limlt upon govern­ of political prisoners under the Thieu ted, and with it the honor and prestige of the ment power. To say that an individual has regime in Vietnam, I cannot be silent at country, it is unlikely that any Congress will the right to distribute a leaflet is to say that the reported atrocities against Israeli reverse the President and force an end to the government is without power to stop him. prisoners in the recent war in the Middle the fighting. But, this law will make future If we have the right to vote, that means no East. Presidents more cautious and deliberative in government offi.cia.l has the power to stop us. committing American forces, and more in­ If we have the right to be secure in our The Geneva Convention of August 12, clined to consult with Congress on their de­ homes, that means the government has ;no 1949, specifically mandates standards of cision and to think about its impact on the power to enter, except under very limited morality for the protection of defenseless American people. circumstances and even then only with a persons, including prisoners of war, to warrant issued by a judge. safeguard their basic human rights. This Every individual right can be seen as a Convention has been agreed to by most limitation upon government power. The Blll of Rights is nothing less than a list of limita­ of the countries in the world including THE ISSUE IS OUR FUTURE tions. Our rights are guaranteed only because Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. As of the B111 of Rights limits government power. October 26, o:i:lly Lebanon and Israel had After the American Revolution, the men presented apparently complete lists of HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL who wrote the Constitution decided to in­ prisoners of war in accordance with OF NEW YORK clude a Bill of Rights because they believed article 122 of the Convention prescrib­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES strongly that unless the power of the govern­ ing a full account of all prisoners. ment was explicitly and speciftcally limited Recently a rally was held in Boston Wednesday, November 28, 1973 by law, our rights would not exist. The Founding Fathers especially feared the presi­ on behalf of the Israeli prisoners of war Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, as the dency. They feared that unless the awesome and to protest reported charges of cruel House Judiciary Committee begins to in­ powers of the president were limited, he and abusive treatment. I am including vestigate the possibility of impeaching could become an elected king. Unless we llmlt the statements of leading members of the President, we, as the representatives the president's power, wrote one early Ameri­ the Massachusetts clergy as well as that of the people, must not forget what 1s can, "we shall find that we have given [him) of Harvard Law Prof. Philip B. Heyman at stake if this constitutional crisis enough [power] to enable him to take all." as they relate to these charges of mis­ So in order to prevent a presidency of un­ comes. Does the Constitution still exist limited power, the Bill of Rights was made treatment of prisoners of war. or has the President become a self-ap­ part of our Constitution. It placed limits HARVARD UNIVERSITY, pointed dictator? upon the power of all government officials, Cambridge, Mass., November 7, 1973. An article by Ira Glasser, in a recent but especially upon the president. For if the .The Jewish people h&ve often been sold edition of the New York Westsider ex­ president's power was not 11mited, what for a. prize by other nations and by Chris­ amines the possibility of President would stop him !rom entering our homes, in­ tians. We now witness the great threaJt of it Nixon's impeachment. I place it in the vading our privacy, punishing us for our be­ happening again. This time for the comforts CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as a reminder to llefs and spying on our activities? of private cars and well-heated homes--for November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38525 oil. We must shout aloud: Let it not happen The convention demands humane treat­ spokesman's reaction to the question of pris­ again. men t of all POW's and emphasizes the point oner exchanges. He said this question of As a Christian who loves Israel for Jesus' in a way that I think is very rare in inter­ prisoners must be linked with future nego­ sake, I say: Let not the "energy crises" be­ national law, by making torture or killing tiations on a final peace settlement. Other come a cover up for injustice to Israel-and an internationally punishable crime. State Department officials say that our gov· now especially to the Israeli prisoners of The Geneva Convention requires prompt ernment's position is that prisoner ques­ war. notificaiton in two different ways of all tions must receive priority on a negotiating KRISTER STENDAHL, names of prisoners of war. agenda. In either event, the question is Dean, Harvard Divinity School. It requires, unconditionally, the prompt treated as a political one. I think that posi­ repatriation of all seriously wounded and tion is profoundly wrong, misconceived, and sick prisoners. short-sighted. The Geneva Convention rela­ PRAYER BY REV. DAVID Kn..l.zAN, C.S.P. AT tive to the treatment of prisoners of war was GOVERNMENT CENTER It guarantees these rights by providing that the ICRC can visit and interview all agreed to by most of the nations of the Lord, we come together first of all to say prisoners of war. world for the express purpose of removing that we do not glory in war; we reject the Finally, the Convention states that healthy this subject from international politics. Un­ concept of a "holy war"--a concept that POW's shall be released and repatriated til now, this has been the clear and forceful suggests that you would countenance brother without delay after the cessation of active position of the United States government. killing brother for some sacred cause; we hostilities. When the question was the handling of the admit that war is evil and to be avoided. I cannot personally vouch for the condi­ U.S. POW's 1n North Vietnam during the But we also affirm that even in war some tions of compliance and non-compliance la.te 1960s, it was the North Vietnamese who principles and standards remain namely, that I am about to describe. What I am demanded that this be dealt with only as safeguarding the rights and lives of innocent describing is, however, not simply a matter part of a general peace settlement. A general non-combatants; refraining from mass of Israeli reports. It includes information peace settlement was years otr and we in­ slaughter and torture; fair and humane coming from the International Red Cross sisted that international law was clear, that treatment of prisoners of war. and the public press; I have checked much the rights of POW's were established by Now that the hostilities have died down of it with our own State Department. What treaty and were not part of any political in the Middle East we implore all countries to is the situation with regard to prisoners of negotia.tion. return prisoners of war, to treat prisoners war in the Middle East? The Israeli Ambas­ I will return to this but let me begin, humanely, to give an accounting of those sador to the U.N. has reported that bodies more systematically, by explaining why I living and dead. of executed Israeli prisoners have been think the position of the United States We deplore the news of the mis-treatment found in areas once held by Syrian forces. should be firmly in favor of prompt and torture and murder of Israeli prisoners of Syria's past record with regard to Israeli rigorous enforcement of international law war and we urge all to recognize the Geneva prisoners is hardly encouraging. Torture is on this issue. There are four reasons; each Convention regarding prisoners of war. well established. In this context, it may well is strong enough to require a different policy And Lord, we pray, bring us your promised be significant and it is surely frightening than that suggested by the State Depart­ Shalom. that Syria is making no effort to comply ment spokesman. Together I believe the case Amen. is overwhelming. with the provisions of the Geneva Conven­ First, the United States stands for hu­ tion that are designed to assure protection STATEMENT OF REv. RONALD G. WHITNEY, maneness and the international rules deal­ for prisoners of war. Syria is not providing ing with prisoners of war are fundamental ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DmECTOR OF THE lists or any notification of whom it holds, GREATER SPRINGFIELD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES requirements of common decency and hu­ although Israel estimates 150 Israeli mllitary manity. Over the last 100 years the idea has The cold blooded murder of Israeli mllitary personnel may be held there. Without lists, steadily emerged that war is horrible enough prisoners by the Syrians is an unspeakably no one may ever know what happens to without needless mistreatment of non-com­ brutal and barbaric act. This shocking and Israeli prisoners of war. batants. The casualty figures on both sides senseless slaying of helpless Israeli prisoners, Syria is not permitting visits to prisoners in this war are a recent reminder. POW's bound hand and foot, is a deplorable and by representa.tives of the International Com­ fall at the heart of the protection of non­ despicable atrocity which affronts the moral mittee of the Red Cross. And this is the most combatants. Both sides in any war can mis· conscience of mankind. Speaking as a important protection against mistreatment. treat POW's, but such mistreatment is Christian, I call upon the Syrian govern­ There has been no indioa.tlon of a willingness recognized as an act of cowardice, small­ ment, along with all other parties to the to exchange sick and wounded or other ness, and cruelty that gains neither side in sad and senseless conflict in the Middle East prisoners both of which are required. by the the long run. Prohibiting mistreatment--in­ to take all necessary measures to insure sat~ Geneva. Conventions. deed making mistreatment an international and humane treatment for prisoners of war The record of Egypt, while less disturbing, crime-and requiring protective measures as provided for by the Geneva Convention. is wt best one of partial compliance with the such as Red Cross visits, lists, and prompt There is simply no excuse for the murder or Conventions. Egypt has so far furnished only exchanges says something about an inter­ mistreatment of prisoners of wa.r by anybody, a pa.rtlal list of na.mes-perhaps 100. Israel nationally shared obligation of humane anytime, anywhere. estimates that there are 300 prisoners of treatment even on occasions when it is war in the UAR. Egypt has so far permitted hardest for nations to remember this obliga­ STATEMENT OF PHILIP B. HEYMAN, PROFESSOR inspection by the IIllternational Committee tion. America is still a country that speaks OF LAW, HARVARD LAW SCHOOL of the Red Cross of only some of those pris­ out for rules of humanity. Power politics, I was asked to speak to you today as a law oners it holds. rt is making an exchange of like anything else, has its limits and the professor, but I accepted because of another prisoners of war conditional on other politi­ Geneva Conventions represent such limits. role I played for some time a few years cal moves---4;he debate about the location of Second, in this case at least what is re­ ago. From 1965 until 1967, I had a substan­ the cease fire line-although the obligation quired by international politics conforms to tial responsibllity with regard to American to exchange prisoners at the termination of what is required by common humanity. The prisoners of war in North Vietnam. My posi­ active host1lities is absolute and binding by United States was prepared to prolong a war tion in the State Department put me directly treaty. for months or years until the safe release under Governor Harriman in that area dur­ I am told that Israel has allowed the In­ of less than 1,000 POW's was assured. This ing the latter part of the period. ternational Committee of the Red Cross to is the one point on which a very wide spec­ There isn't a great need for a law profes­ visit Arab prisoners wherever they are held trum of Americans agreed. Had clear knowl­ sor on an occasion when it looks like pris­ and as soon as they arrive at detention edge of mistreatment come out before the oners of war are in danger of being mis­ camps, that Israel has furnished complete war was over, peace would have been far treated and when the Geneva Conventions lists numbering nearly 8,000 names to the harder to reach. The 450 or so Israeli POW's are not being complied with. Law professors Arab governments, and that Israel is ready would correspond to over 30,000 Americans tell you what the law says when the law is to engage in full compliance with the Geneva in enemy hands. 150 in Syrian hands would unclear. Nothing could be clearer than the Conventions on a reciprocal basis with either correspond to over 10,000 Americans. Surely Egypt or Syria. I know of no complaints of it is clear that any mistreatment of these legal situation in this case. An international mistreatment of ArSib prisoners of war. convention, having the force of a treaty, POW's could only lead to increased hatred and agreed to by Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, and My position here is not, however, thwt of and exacerbate a conflict already tragically an apologist for Israel or a critic of the .Arlab difficult to resolve. The Israeli speak Syria speaks in words that cannot be con­ states. I am here to speak for the Geneva fused: movingly of their conception of a peace that Conventions and the rights of prisoners of could include real friendship with the Arab It defines POW's in a way that plainly war. I am here to speak for some consistency covers soldiers and airmen captured by any states. Only this kind of peace is in the long­ party in this war. Once a soldier has been with American traditions on this subject. If term interests of the U.S. too. Using POW's taken under the control of his enemy, once it turns out that Israel is violating the Ge­ as pawns, threatening their indefinite deten- he has surrendered, he is entitled to a whole neva Conventions, I would speak out as tion and perhaps mistreatment, doesn't set of protections that most of the civilized shMPlY against that country. further the prospect of a long-term peace. world has agreed to since 1949 and indeed A story in the New York Tlm.es two days Third, the Geneva Conventions are a mat­ 1n some form for decades before that. ago paraphrased the State Department ter of international law. Perhaps above all CXIX--2426-Part 29 38526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 else the United States stands for a rule of ALLENDE AND CHILE The government solution to the 6, 24, and law in the international area. It is that con­ 4:8 hour lines for basic food products such as ception on which the treaties negotiated be­ bread, milk, meat, and sugar WM rationing. tween the United States and the Soviet HON. BEN B. BLACKBURN The rationing cards were given out, a. card Union dealing with strategic weapons rests. OF GEORGIA for each item, by Marxist-controlled organi­ That is the foundation of our efforts with zations. To get these cards the person had to regard to nuclear proliferation and atomic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES submit himself to the scrutiny of the orga­ testing. The Geneva Conventions are no less Wednesday, November 28, 1973 nizational representative, who surveyed the International law than any of these other number of members in the family, the num­ treaties. Like any rules of law, they do not Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, re­ ber of rooms in the house, and the polltical depend for their force on the bargaining cently I received a letter from a gentle­ beliefs of its members. position of the parties at any particular man in Chile concerning the events that 6. The chaos in the Chilean economy was time. They are intended to remove certain have been transpiring in Chile during the not due to the boycott on the part of the matters from the bargaining realm and have last few months. Chliean businessmen or even to the incredi­ them decided once and !or all by priot I found his letter most interesting and ble inefficiency of the Allende government. agreement. informative and want to take this time It was due to the communist doctrine that I! we stand with those who would treat you must completely destroy the nation's the Geneva Convention on prisoners of war to share it with my colleagues. It follows: bourgeois economy to put it back together as nothing more than an expression of widely CENTRO DEDD"USION CRISTIAN A, again according to Marxist norms. held opinion, perhaps like a resolution of the Santiago, Chile. 7. Mr. Allende was an intimate friend of U.N. General Assembly, then we Ameri~ns Honorable BEN B. BLACKBURN: Fidel Castro. In a plan to take over the gov­ are under-cutting the force of law in inter­ As a long time resident of Chile, I would ernment totally for the MarXist, Allende's national relations. The United States gov­ like to share some insights into the events party elaborated the intricate "Plan Z," ernment could not have been clearer on this that have been transpiring in Chile during which was to be carried out according to the issue when what was involved were Ameri­ the last few months. I feel this need because Cuban model, assassinating those elements of the move by Mr. Edward Kennedy and can POW's. The question is the same w~en within the Armed Forces not favorable to the prisoners of war in the Middle East are m­ other u.s. Senators to have economic aid cut government. The amount of arms from Rus­ volved. The question is whether interna­ otf to Chile "until the civil rights of Chileans sia and other socialist countries would have tionallaw has any force. have been restored." I believe this move been completely adequate to outfit any num­ There is a final point that is important is due to a false understanding of what the ber of regiments. This plan was backed by supposed Chilean democracy has been like to make; it involves national integrity. The hundreds of citizens from Marxist countries United States has, as I have said, stood firmly during the last three years, and also to what who taught the use of arms and revolution­ I consider to be very distorted reporting on ary tactics. on the proposition that the handling of the part of the American press. prisoners of war is not a matter for political The history of the ChUean Armed Forces negotiation at least when it involves parties I ask you to take into consideration some has been loyalty to the elected government. of the things that took place during the three It was no different during the Allende re­ who have agreed to the Geneva 'Jonvention. years of the Allende government. During the late 1960's, we went to ~ations gime. The Armed Forces had given the gov­ 1. Mr. Allende was elected by a. minority, ernment a more complete backing than any that were unsympathetic to our po.tcy in about one third of the popular vote. He never Southeast Asia and said to them: other government before, repeatedly serving ruled as President of Chile, but rather as in the ministries and many other govern­ "Whatever you may believe about the war President of his polltical party. ment posts. They were obedient to the civU in Vietnam, you have an obligation to sup­ 2. Unlike traditional political parties in a authorities even when Allende repeatedly port the rule of law as it 1s applied to pris­ democracy, Mr. Allende sought to gain total humlliated high officers by asking !or their oners of wa.r." power over the Chilean Republic in the fol­ resignations !rom their posts and then re­ The International Committee of the Red lowing ways: quiring them to resign from the m111tary. cross is a small group of men wholeheartedly a. Bank credits !rom nationalized banks Finally when Chile had become completely dediciated to the application of international determined which businesses and industries broken economically, socle.lly and morally rules protecting non-combatants. But it is would survive or die according to their ut111ty with no hope for recovery, the military felt a group without political influence, a group to the Allende regime. obligated to intervene. From the vantage that is even reluctant to speak out clearly b. The land reform program, instead of point of another country the new govern­ e.nd forcefully on violations because of its giving the peasant land, made him an em­ ment undoubtedly must seem highly restric­ fear that such statements may only result in ployee of the State. tive. One must take into account, however, weakening its l::.and as it tries to aid pris­ c. In the government-controlled industries that every bone in the institutional body was oners of war. The power of the rule of law party membership was a pre-requisite to em­ broken. Someone had to put on the cast. 1n this area of common humanity depends ployment, and learning of Marxist doctrine Mr. Allende's government we.s part of the upon nations which are not involved in a was important in keeping one's job. Thou­ international communist propaganda. ma­ particula!' confiict taking a firm and out­ sands of professional people and technicians, chine whose aim is to deface the image of spoken position behind the Geneva Con­ who could not fit into the system, joined the the U.S. around the world. For three years ventions. When it was our citizens that were ranks of the unemployed and thousands on Chliean radio, press, and TV, the Allende involved, we felt it was right to remind other more were forced to leave their homeland government portrayed the U.S. as the im­ nations of these facts. What credib111ty wm to make a. life somewhere else. Meanwhlie, perialist monster who was responsible for the we have in the future it we do not now take the government continued to create artificial Uls of Chlie and !or those of all under­ the position that we urged on uninvolved conflicts in private industries, sending in developed nations around the world. My nations during the Vietnam war? government mediators which eventually rec­ country has made grave errors in its foreign It is crucial that we show that we are not ommended their becoming part of the na­ policy and in the way that it has allowed a country that asserts its rights under inter­ tional domain, steadily decreasing a. citizen's its businessmen to behave themselves in right to be employed where he was not fitted national law but is indifferent to the appli­ into a Marxist mold. other countries, but I believe that the Marx­ cation of La.w when the rights of other people ist portrayal of us 1s untrue. The new Chilean 3. Mr. Allende ruled a. democracy of which are in issue. I deeply believe that we are a government is a friend of the U.S. and a sal­ country of humanity and that we are a coun­ the Executive Branch formed only one part. vation to Chile. It deserves much more con­ However, he ignored the Congress and at­ sideration than it has received. try devoted to law and principle. If we are, tacked the Justice Department as a tool of our course of action m the present situation the bourgeois system. Respectfully yours, is perfectly clear. We must say to the Arab 4. The so-called educational reform sys­ JDT MYERS. government--and, if it ever proves necessary; tem that the government sought to impose to Israel ~that prisoners of war are not on all levels of the educational system was a political pawn and that rules of law made designed to indoctrinate the student only ac­ for times of conflict do not disappear on the cording to Marxist phUosophy. THE TUSSOCK MOTH EPIDEMIC very occasion of confiict to which they are 5. No Chilean escaped suffering the gov­ supposed to apply. We must speak out for ernment control of consumer goods. Since the exchange of sick and wounded, for the things such as television sets and refrigera­ HON. MIKE McCORMACK exchange of all prisoners of war, and in the tors were no longer sold on the open mar­ OF WASHINGTON meantime for the protections against mis­ ket, they had to be gotten through factory treatment that are represented by !ulllists o! organizations who charged not only in cur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prisoners and complete rights of access to rency but in ideological faithfulness. Those Wednesday, November 28, 1973 prisoners by the International Committee of who did not have access to these items the Red Cross. Our position on mistreatment through government sources were forced to Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I o! prisoners cannot be equivocal. What ts at buy them through the government-created spoke earlier today of my legislation, stake is our humanity, our principles, and black market, which sold for as much as H.R. 10796, to transfer authority over our basic integrity a.s much as the lives and 400% more which meant that the majority pesticides used on agricultural and forest welfare of Israeli prisoners of war. of the people were unable to buy. lands against insect infestations from November 2.8, 19_7 3 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38527 the Administrator of the Environmental suitable for large-scale aerial appllcation to most four times the timber loss EPA said Protection Agency to the Secretary of forest land. it expected when it denied emergency use of W111iam Ruckelsha.us, then EPA admin­ DDT last spring. Timber loss during the past Agriculture. In speaking of this legisla­ istrator, denied the requests in April 1973, two summers now totals about 800 million tion, I briefly discussed one of the most saying "the benefits do not outweigr the board feet. And these totals do not include dramatic facets of the problem which risks." He based his refusal largely on the the vast numbers of young trees below the has prompted this general legislation­ EPA decision that the infestation would not age of 40 kllled by the larvae, since the figures the devastating infestation of the tussock do significant additional damage a.nd would were developed in planning salvage opera­ moth in the Pacific Northwest States of collapse in 1973 due to a. natural virus that tions of the mature timber. Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. attacks and eventually destroys most tussock Salvage operations are underway as lum­ To better acquaint the Members with moth fiare-ups. ber companies hurry to move the moth-killed But the epidemic did not collapse. Instead, timber into saWmills before it rots. White fir, the severity of the problem in the North­ the area. of infestation trebled during the which makes up the majority of the present west regarding this insect infestation, summer and spread into Idaho. Visible de­ kill, must be salvaged within a. year and a. which can only be brought under con­ foliation now covers more than 650,000 acres half after dying. trol through the use of DDT, I would like in the three states-an area. nearly the size Mills in the area are working at full ca­ to insert in the record the written text of Rhode Island. Already it is the largest pacity to handle the salvage operations. But of an informational brochure, "The Tus­ tussock moth epidemic ever recorded, and there is so much dead timber, with about a sock Moth Epidemic." This information no end is in sight. third of i:t inaccessible, that most of it may was collected and published by the Na­ To most residents of the infested area, not be salvaged in time. Further, the future the benefit-risk balance scales tipped far capacity of the damaged forests to support tional Forest Products Association in an over in favor of emergency use of DDT long m1lls in the area. has already been dealt a. effort to show the disastrous effect that ago. Close to a. b1llion board feet of mature stunning blow. a localized insect infestation has on the trees have jeen k1lled since the epidemic Experts estimate that the insect epidemic economic and environmental well-being began. And this does not include the massive has set back forest management in the region of all Americans. loss of young trees under 40 years old for some 30 to 60 years. They say that damage There being no objection, the text is which no figures are available. The forests in thus far Will require expenditures for re­ as follows: the area have been set back he.lf a. century, forestation alone of an estimated $25 million and the economy dealt a. staggering blow. by public and private landowners over a 20- THE TuSSOCK MOTH EPIDEMIC-WHY CHEMI­ year period. The Forest Service says that $17 CALS ARE NEEDED TO CONTROL FOREST PEsTS VORACIOUS DEFOLIATOR m1llion will be needed just during the next Insects are everywhere in the forest. They The life cycle of the tussock moth (so six years for reforestation and fire hazard re­ are part of the natural forest environment, called because of the larva's tufts or tus­ duction. like the rain and the sun. As the forest grows, socks) begins in mid-May or early June when But commercial timber losses are only part dies, decays and regenerates, insects play out tiny caterpillars only ~-inch long emerge of the values threatened while the infestation their roles in the whole, grand, natural order from egg clusters deposited the previous fall. expands unchecked. An insect-infested forest of the miracle of things that live. These lightweight larvae are covered with is an eyesore. The dead and dying trees turn But when, by some quirk, the numbers of long hairs, enabling the wind to carry them reddish-brown and finally gray as they are insects suddenly multiply to enormous pro­ long distances. The larvae begin eating im­ completley defoliated. mtimately, they give portions, what was once normal becomes very mediately, and continue eating through five the forest a. sepulchral appearance. Wildlife bad. Destruction can be awesome when in­ to seven moltings until late July or ?6rly habitats are seriously damaged as natural sect populations surge to epidemic heights. August when they reach theiT full size of cover falls victim to the insects and wildlife That is what is happening now, in forests about 1% inches and enter their pupal or needing dense forest cover either declines or on both coasts of the United States, the "resting" stage. The larvae wrap themselves moves elsewhere. Recreational values are di.s· inter-mountain region and the South. Insect in cocoons from which they emerge 10 to 18 rupted for decades. epidemics have struck, and at a time when days later as moths. The wingless female The risks are further inflated by a. dra­ pressure against man's management of na­ moths immediately mate With the Winged matic increase in the danger of forest fires. ture has created public policies restricting males, then lay clusters of about 250 eggs, The Forest Service has stationed extra. fire­ the use of insecticides that are the only hope attaching them to the cocoons from which fighting personnel and equipment through­ of checking the outbreaks. Well-intentioned they emerged. The adult moths do not eat. out the infested area. So far, they have been caution against the use of chemicals to con­ They die shortly after mating. involved in two large wtldfires that burned trol forest pests, aimed at improving the Since the major dispersal of tussock moth out of control. The Forest Service reports quality of our life, is achieving the directly populations is by windborne larvae, '!hemtcal that "there is no question (the tussock opposite effect. control measures must be taken as soon after moth) was a very significant factor" in con­ Millions of trees are being destroyed by the hatching as possible to contain an infesta­ tributing to "the size of these fires and con­ western spruce budworm in the Northern tion. trol di.ffi.culties." As more trees die and the Rockies, the mountain pine beetle in Yellow­ The larvae prefer to live and eat in Doug­ explosively infiamma.ble debris builds up, the stone Park, the southern pine beetle in the las-fir, grand fir and white fir trees. But they threat of uncontrolled Wildfires Will increase. South, the gypsy moth in the Northeast, and w111 feed on many other trees and shrubs PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARD the tussock moth in the Pacific Northwest. after consuming these, particularly pon­ Interim control measures have consistently derosa pine, sub-alpine fir and spruce. The The infestation also poses a. public health failed because no effective alternatives to new larvae begin by eating the buds and hazard. Allergic reactions in humans to the DDT and other proven insecticides have been tender new needls in tree crowns and branch­ body hairs of the larvae cause painful welts, found. Most new chemical and biological con­ tips. The older needles, lower down, are non­ itching rashes and breathing diificulties. The trol alternatives are only experimental. Con­ sumed either a.s the larvae grow, or during hairs, which characterize the tussock moth sequently, premature moratoriums on the subsequent years of an infestation. However, and provide it With protection against preda­ use of proven chemicals have left pest con­ during a tussock moth epideinic entire trees tors, cover its cocoons and egg masses. The trol vacuums soon filled by insect epidemics. are often defolia.ted in one summer. hairs set loose in the five to seven moltings The tussock moth alone is destroying for­ are often carried great distances by the wind. ests throughout a 1,400 square mile area in FOREST DEVASTATION The allergy problem is particularly acute Oregon, Washington and Idaho. The gover­ A single defolla.tion is usually all that 1s for loggers when these hairs fiy all about nors involved, as well as other leaders, warn needed to klll an evergreen tree. A pa.rtia.l de­ them a.s infested trees are felled. Logging that action is urgently needed this fall to foliation stunts growth and weakens the tree companies have reported that 75 to 90 per­ make DDT available on a standby basis in so that it is susceptible to killing by sub­ cent of the logging crews, road crews, truck case it is needed next spring to fight this sequent attacks of other Insects and disease. drivers, foresters and scalers needed for sal­ record-setting tussock moth epidemic. Reduction of future regeneration is an even vage operations are susceptible to varying ae­ The tussock moth story illustrates both more Insidious consequence of the epidemic. grees of irrigation. Employees have quit the gravity and the impact of not having The buds from which the seed cones develop rather than work in infested areas, and log­ control methods available. grow in the crowns or on the tips of branches ging contractors have had diificulty assem­ EPIDEMIC EXPLODES where the insects attack first. Thus, cone de­ bling crews for salvage operations. The current tussock moth infestation was velopment is severely retarded or terminated CONTROL ALTERNATIVES at a. virtually undetectible level in 1971. But in the early stages of a. tussock moth epi­ demic. Young trees, With new, tender needles, A virus disease (nuclear polyhedrosis vi­ it exploded during 1972 to defoliate 196,000 rus) that attacks the larvae and pupae has acres in the evergreen forests of eastern are also early victims. Such damage to forest proven to be the most effective naturally Oregon and Washington. Seeing the infesta­ regeneration may not be evident immedi­ occurring control of tussock moth epidemics. tion spread Wildly, the governments of Ore­ ately, but will become all too real within a. It normally appears during the third year of gon and Washington joined the Forest Serv­ few years as new growth le.gs and future pro­ an infestation and causes a. dramatic collapse ice in asking the Environmental Protection ductivity falls far behind. of the insect population. However, the virus Agency (EPA) for permission to use DDT on The Forest Service estimates that nearly does not always follow this pattern, as il­ an "if needed" basis. DDT is at present the 700 m1111on board feet of Ina.ture timber was lustrated by its fa.ilure to fulfill predictions only effective anti-tussock moth chemical killed during the past summer. This is al- of such a. collapse during the past summer. 38528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 'The :Forest Service says that once the rate spray 66,000 acres of forest with .75 pound of Requests to EPA for authorization to use of virus incidence achieves 30 percent, the DDT mixed in one gallon hydrocarbon sol­ DDT next spring on an "if needed" basis may insect infestation of such a virus-infected vent and No. 2 fuel oil at an application rate soon be renewed. But there are many who area is on the verge of immediate collapse. of only 12 oz. per acre. The successful results fear EPA may not reverse its position, re­ The virus was on the rise this summer in were closely monitored to determine residue gardless of the evidence. many sectors, combining with starvation and levels. There is certainly precedent for EPA ap­ natural parasites to kill large numbers of the The Forest Service reported in the June, proval of the use of DDT. Shortly after peti­ larvae in defoliated areas where the outbreak 1972 issue of Pesticides Monitoring Journal: tions for its use against the tussock moth is several years old. The epidemic may well "Survelllance operations by the Bureau of were denied, EPA approved a request to use have run its course in these areas. But hun­ Sport Fisheries and Wildlife indicated that DDT against the pea leaf weevil on 125,000 dreds of thousands of acres that were infested the DDT spraying had little effect on the wa­ acres in eastern Washington and Idaho. ThiS for the first time in 1973 have little, if any, ters and organisms of Malheur Lake, toward is the only limited use registration of DDT indication of virus. Therefore, even 1! the which Rattlesnake Creek flows. Levels of to be granted by EPA since it cancelled nearly infestation collapses from virus in some sec­ total DDT accumulation in the food chain all DDT uses in December, 1972. EPA per­ tors, the epidemic could stlll keep spreading of Rattlesnake Creek were very low in all mitted the spraying of· 0.9 pound of DDT per in other areas. The extent to which the virus components of the sampled community." acre-a heavier application than is recom­ has developed will not be known conclusively More specifically, the article said, "DDT res­ mended to control the tussock moth. until next spring when the egg masses can idues in the forest floor decreased steadily CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITY be analyzed for virus. with time, and at the end of 3 years, more There are many who feel that the timber Following the recommendations of EPA Ad­ than half the DDT originally added had dis­ loss due to the tussock moth epidemic was ministrator Ruckelshaus to "formulate an appeared." It further noted that "DDT did and is far more disastrous than any possible action plan based in the use of available not leach from the forest floor to underlying damage caused by use of DDT. Both Secre­ chemical methods, other than DDT, that mineral soil," and that in the streamwater tary of Agriculture Earl Butz and secretary could be put into operation on an immediate samples "the maximum total DDT concen­ of Interior Rogers C. B. Morton, following re­ emergency basis," the Forest Service has been tration found over a period of 3Y:z yea.rs after cent visits to the devastated forests, have testing four insecticides-Zectran, Dylox, spraying was 0.277 parts per billion," with pledged their support of efforts to get DDT Sevin 4-0il and Bioethanomethrin-and two most samples containing "concentrations of released for use in case it is needed. biological agents--the natural virus and a DDT near the lower limit of detection." This And there is growing sentiment that Con­ bacteria called Dipel (baclllus thuringien­ concentration is far below the conservative gress may have to step in to stop the sense­ sis). limit of five parts per milllon (or 5000 ppb) less, needless destruction. Legislation has The Inter-Agency Tussock Moth Steering established by the Food and Drug Admin­ been introduced in both the House and Sen­ Committee, made up of representatives from istration as a totally safe tolerance level. ate to make DDT and other chemicals avail· the Forest Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, With this sort of concrete evidence, the able if they are needed for pest control. Oregon State University and the forestry de­ cities of Walla Walla, Washington, and House hearings were quickly scheduled. partments of Oregon, Washington and Ida­ Milton-Freewater, Oregon, petitioned EPA in Senators Mark 0. Hatfield (R-Ore.) and ho, reports that both the biological controls May for the limited use of DDT to protect James A. McClure (R-Idaho) voiced deep have been highly successful in kllling the their watersheds from denuding by insect concern when they wrote Sen. Henry M. larvae in test plots. But neither can be made damage and probable wildfire. The cities Jackson (D-Wash.), chairman of the Senate available in sufficient quantity next year to judged that EPA's concern over watershed Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, be effective. There are also difficulties with contamination, cited as a risk in EPA's re­ asking for hearings on the tussock moth. application techniques that must be solved fusal to permit the emergency use of DDT, They charged that the infestation "has not before large-scale use. was a minor consideration compared with been dealt with in an adequate manner by Of the insecticides, Zectran received the the harsh realities of watershed damage. the federal agencies," and said: "Because of most extensive testing. It has only a 48-hour Supporting the cities' judgment were the the serious and damaging impact of the EPA effective life. It had previously proved effec­ findings of federal examiner Edmund decision on our public and private lands, tive against the spruce budworm, and showed Sweeny, whose conclusions in April, 1972, and the probab11ity of simUar future deci­ some promise against the tussock moth. after seven months of hearings and 8,900 sions, we feel that oversight hearings by our About 70,000 infested acres were treated with pages of testimony on DDT, included: "DDT Committee would be highly appropriate." a double application of Zectra.n that killed is extremely low 1n acute toxicity to man. The tussock moth epidemic is a classic ex­ large numbers of the moth-but not enough DDT is not a carcinogenic hazard (cancer) ample of how well-intentioned environmen­ to halt the epidemic. The more llmlted tests to man. DDT is not a mutagenic or terato­ tal concern can go awry, resulting in far of the other insecticides showed slmllar re­ genic hazard (mutation) to man. DDT is not sults. The Inter-Agency Committee recently more environmental, economic and social a safety hazard to man when used as damage than would have occurred otherwise. reported: "Results of the tests in Oregon and directed." Washington show that all the chemicals All forest chemicals-pesticides, herbicides killed considerable numbers of tussock moth ACTION NEEDED NOW and fertilizers-are affected by this growing larvae, but none reduced the population suf­ DDT may not be needed next spring to problem of premature moratoriums on chem­ ficiently to prevent severe defoliation and control the tussock moth. But what 1f the ical use. tree mortality." natural virus does not increase enough to Already mllllons of dead trees litter thou­ The heavier the in!em&tion, the higher the stop the epidemic? sands of square miles throughout the United insect kill must be in order to reduce the A survey of egg masses to determine the States as mute reminders of well-intention­ insect density to a safe level of approximate­ size and severity of next year's tussock moth ed neglect. Until adequate alternative meth­ ly two larvae per square foot of foliage. In population is now underway and should be ods and materials are developed to combat the hardhit areas, this may mean a kill of completed by December. However, there 1s no forest epidemics of insects and disease, un­ as much as 99 percent is needed. Although way to know conclusively until next spring warranted restrictions against the use of all the chemicals showed enough promise to whether or not this population w1ll be con­ chemical tools will continue to foster the warrant continued testing in 1974, none are trolled by the virus and further damage same kind of needless disasters. ready for operational use next year. minimized. QUOTATIONS To make DDT ready 1n case it is needed, "But when you balance what you know the DDT MAY BE NEEDED the wheels must start rolUng soon. Months of Therefore, 1f the natural virus does not tussock moth can do against the probable extensive preparation are required to have a effects of DDT, you can't do anything but increase enough by next spring to halt the safe and effective spraying program. The DDT epidemic, the only way to control the out­ come out for DDT." Robert H. Torheim, orders must be placed and the chemical pro­ deputy regional forester, U.S. Forest Serv­ break will be with DDT. duced. Then it must be delivered to the sites ice, at a press conference on the tussock Several tussock moth epidemics already and prepared for mixing. The spraying logis­ have been successfully controlled by DDT. A moth held August 28, 1973 in Portland; Ore. tics must be carefully developed, and equip­ "Without control, this thing can go on in­ chapter on the tussock moth in the Forest ment collected and made ready. All this must Service book Enemies of Western For­ definitely. That's what scares me."-Kessler Insect take place before the eggs hatch so that the Cannon, assistant for natural resources to ests tells how a 1946-47 outbreak covering spraying operation can move quickly during Oregon Governor Tom McCall. about 500,000 acres in Oregon, Wa.S'hington the critical application periOd of late May "The gambling with this magnificent re­ and Idaho "might have destroyed nearly two and early June of 1974. source must be stopped."-Tom McCall, Gov­ billion board feet of timber had it not been No carte blanche permission is being ernor of Oregon. brought under control with aerial spraying sought !or indiscrlmlnate spraying. Better "You have to see it to belleve it:•--sec• on a vast scale." In this case, the Forest equipment and increasingly sophisticated retary of Agriculture Earl Butz. Service used "airplane spraying with one techniques make the application of pesti­ "People around here were against stuff like pound of DDT 1n one gallon oil carrier per cides more effective and less hazardous than DDT until the moth got their land. Now they acre, applied to 413,469 acres. ever before. But time is a crucial factor. Per­ don't care what it takes. They want this thing In a 1965 outbreak, near Rattlesnake Creek mission is needed soon to start getting the stopped."-John McGhehey, state forester in eastern Oregon, helicopters were usedto DDT ready, or it will be too late again. for the La Grande, Oregon region. November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38529 TRffiUTE TO LUCIOUS SELMON, two fumbles and recovered two fumbles; And, to paraphrase the Creek tongue, ALL-AMERICAN he has made 56 unassisted tackles and a the Selmon's have "split them up and total of 92 tackles and in addition to his made them go to other places." I under­ other honors, he has been named All Big stand that if Lucious gets the Chevrolet HON. CLEM ROGERS McSPADDEN Eight twice. Lucious Selmon is much of scholarship one more time, they are OF OKLAHOMA a man and much of an athlete. going to make him General Motors On December 15 in Eufaula, there will chairman of the board. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be a street named for Lucious Selmon. Mr. Speaker, I offer this tribute, not Wednesday, November 28, 1973 It will be Selmon Drive. There will be a only to these great and honored athletes, Mr. McSPADDEN. Mr. Speaker, in the parade, laughing and joy unbridled, but to their parents, their brothers, and Second District of Oklahoma is a town feasting, and festivities, bringing honor sisters, their teachers, their coaches, and named Eufaula. The town is named for to the brothers Selmon and their their friends and neighbors in Eufaula. an old Creek Indian town located on the parents. Each one that touched their lives have Chattahoochie River in Alabama named All three of the brothers were All State had a small part in making them the men Yufala, which means, we are told, in the running backs. They are agile and fast they are today. Creek language, "They split up here and according to Coach Switzer and as those Mr. Speaker, I share that pride. went to other places." Apparently the of you who were fortunate enough to Creeks did not mess around with unnec­ see them on television Friday can attest: essary verbage saying in six letters what the last time OU will be seen on TV for it takes the white man nine words to 2 years. VON BRAUN LOOKS TO BRING convey. Lucious, a modest man, says the broth­ POOREST OF POOR EDUCATION Eufaula, in Oklahoma, was one of the ers gained much of their strength by BY SATELLITE earlier establishments in Indian Terri­ pushing a plow behind a mule on their tory with a post office opening February farm. 6, 1874. In the intervening 99 plus years, Recalls Lucious: HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE many people and products have come We always had bad fences that helped­ OF TEXAS agility and speed-because the hogs and from Eufaula, but none have brought IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES such fame, such honor, and such glory cows were always getting loose. You get pretty quick chasing those hogs and cows. If Wednesday, November 28, 1973 as three brothers, one-third of the chil­ we had had good fences, we probably would dren of Mr. and Mrs. Lucious Selmon, not be as quick as we are now. Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, who farmed 160 acres of land near Eu­ the October 4, 1973, Sentinel Star of Or­ faula, until his retirement about 7 years Mary Rule, editor of the Indian Jour­ lando, Fla., carried an article about ago. nal, has this to say: Wernher von Braun and pointed out Mr. Selmon is 5-foot-4. His wife, Jessie, Lucious Selmon Day should be great in some of the benefits we derive from our is 5-foot-5. The Selmon family is highly our little town (population 2,355) on De­ space program. respected in the Mcintosh county seat cember 15th. Along with the three Selmons, The article carries comments that von Lucious, Dewey and LeRoy, many digni­ Braun made at the keynote address to town because of their application to hard taries are expected and invited to take part work, their diligence in raising their nine in the great celebration. If you have not the American Society of Photogram­ children, and their instilling into the been fortunate enough to meet and visit metry's convention last month. I recom­ children the desire to achieve. with Mr. Selmon, their mother, you've missed mend the article to fellow Members and December 15 will be a big day in Eu­ something. She's a great lady." to the general public. The article follows: faula for it is that day when Lucious Sel­ Of the Selmon family, Eufaula citizens mon the younger will be honored. The say the black family had the respect of VON BRAUN LOOKS To BRING POOREST OF Governor of the State of Oklahoma will the predominantly white community POOR EDUCATION BY SATELLITE be there, we are told, along with Senator before the trio's football heroics. (By Blll Osinski) BARTLETT, Lt. Gov. George Nigh, and my­ Says Associate District Judge Mar­ Wernher von Braun, the man who led self if Congress has adjourned, among America in its reach for the stars, said shall Warren, a long time friend of the Wednesday he was "gratified" by his new others. family: Lucious Selmon has been described by challenge of bringing education by satellite It's just a fine famlly. They have integrity, to the "poorest of the poor." the University of Oklahoma football honesty, and intelligence. He characterized As the former director of NASA's Marshall Coach Barry Switzer as the finest down Lucious, the player, as a tremendous indi­ Space Flight Center in Huntsvllle, Ala., Von .lineman he has ever coached. Coach vidual. He just doesn't talk about football. Braun helped develop the Saturn 5 moon Switzer says that the 5-foot-11, 240- He talks about world problems. He has a lot rocket, but now he is trying to bring literacy pound Lucious should not only be a strong of compassion for others. He's majoring 1n to the most isolated spots on earth. candidate for the Outland Trophy, but special education and he likes to work with Von Braun said a global satellite network for the Reisman Trophy as well, if the kids. that can beam basic education to areas un­ Reisman is ever awarded to a lineman. Overall, I think this town is as proud of serviced even by roads is the "only solution" those three boys as any one could be. Men­ for developing nations with high illiteracy It was Lucious, the All-American, tion the name Selmon is like mentioning rates. flanked to the left and right by his "lit­ Eufaula now. Or maybe it's the other way "It's no good to give a man a bag of fer­ tle" brothers, tackles LeRoy, 6-foot-2, 250 around. tilizer, only to have him eat it because he pounds, and Dewey, 6-foot-1, 245 pounds, can't read the label," Von Braun said. who spent about as much time in the Lucious Selmon takes the accolades in In what he described as the "ultimate" in backfield of OU's foe last Friday, Novem­ stride. He recalls that farm life was not communications satellite technology, places ber 23, as did the opponent's quarter-: easy, but has nothing but kind words like rural India, Eskimo villages and Ameri­ back. Out of compassion to our friends for Eufaula and its citizenry. Lucious can Indian reservations could receive satellite said as Ron Jenkins, AP sports writer, programs with devices much like standard and colleagues from the great State of television antennas. Nebraska, I will decline to mention the records- He depicted open-air classrooms fed by the fact that the final score, 27-0 was the It wasn't an easy life. Being a farm boy, satellite with children's and adult program• first time that foe had been zipped since there was a lot of hard work. But as far as ming that could penetrate regions where 1968, if we are to believe the news media. being black, I think we were treated pretty formal training is impossible. equally by the people of Eufaula. That's "We were often attacked in manned space Incidentally, the win gave OU the Big really true. Eight title and moved the Sooners into fiight for doing costly things only for the rich Mr. Speaker, I think it only fitting that few," Von Braun said, "but now the space second place in the national standings. program is providing solutions for the poor· For those of you who are knowledge­ a street be named Selmon Drive because est of the poor-and it is their only solution.,. able about football statistics, let me cite t.he brothers Selmon have opened up Von Braun's remarks were part of an over­ a few about Lucious without boring you: enough holes in their opponents lines, to all report on space technology he gave as the he has broken up five passes, dumped the drive several diesel rigs through, nat­ keynote address to the American SOCiety of quarterback for losses eight times, caused urally at 50 miles per hour. Photogrammetry convention being held at

• 38530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 the Walt Disney World Contemporary Resort year, the Latvian people, after several A MODEST PROPOSAL CONCERNING Hotel. centuries of foreign domination, finally GASOLINE RATIONING Speaking at times as 1! he were still part of the NASA team he left in 1972 for private had a chance to take their rightful place industry, Von Braun was optimistic Qn the among the free nations of the world. A HON. BILL D. BURLISON future of an American space program cur­ period of economic and cultural growth rently beset by funding and manpower cut­ followed and the Latvians were able to OF MISSOURI backs. enjoy the happiest period of their his­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He said he regarded the success of the first tory as masters of their own state and Wednesday, November 28. 1973 two skylab 'missions as a milestone in the carvers of their own destiny. In the first history of manned space flight that has al­ two decades the nation proved its ability Mr. BURLISON of Missouri. Mr. ready exceeded NASA's expectations. to govern and became a responsible Speaker, Dr. Robert J. Long of Southeast "Maybe we've all been too conservative," Missouri State University in my district he said, commenting on the apparently ex­ member of the community of nations. However, this period of independence has brought to my attention some cellent condition of the Skylab crew recently to returned from 59 days in space. was brief. It was the invasion of Poland, thought provoking concepts relating Von Braun also listed several "major" in­ resulting from the Molotov-Ribbentrop our fuel shortage and resultant rationing novations of America's Space Shuttle pro­ pact in August of 1939 that provided the that may ensue. Below are his comments gram, designed to utilize reusable, airplane­ springboard from which the Russian which I wish to share with my colleagues: like vehicles in orbit by 1978. These included: Communists launched their attack A MODEST PROPOSAL CONCERNING Cost savings-For nonrecoverable space ve­ against the sovereignty of Latvia and GASOLINE RATIONING hicles, the pricetag is $1,000 per pound of (By Robert J. Long, Ph. D.) payload, but the Space Shuttle costs are the other Baltic States. estimated at about $160 per pound, he said. On June 17, 1940, the Russians pre­ There are, at the present time, various Last-Minute rejects-For prior satell1tes, sented Latvia with an ultimatum. This proposals for gasoline rationing in the United the ability to function was not known until was followed by invasion, breaking the States in the face of an apparent gasoline after it was launched, he said. Sometimes, a existing peace treaty of 1920 and the shortage and, that some action be taken pur­ failure resulted in a "$10 million piece of suant to this problem, appears to be almost mutual assistance pact of 1939. Since a certainty. It is therefore appropriate to orbiting junk," he said. However, he said, the that time the Russian domination and Space Shuttle can take a satellite up and, if mention some ideas on such rationing. it malfunctions, the Shuttle pilots can then exploitation of the Baltic countries has A great majority of non-socialist econ­ take it back and tell the contractor the thing represented the most flagrant case of omists believe, consistent with their belief doesn't work. Von Braun called this pricing Russian imperialism and colonialism in in the supremacy of the price system, that policy of paying only for successes "F.O.B. an age in which the principles of self-de­ the price system is the best rationing device Orbit." termination of nations prevails through­ that exists. We maintain that uncontrolled Passenger capabil1ty-Extra room in the prices will limit the amount of gasoline de­ out the free world. Expropriation, exploi­ manded by virtue of the income restraint Shuttle plane will enable several non-astro­ tation, russification, suppression of hu­ nauts to go along, he said. Such passengers of the buyers. Rationing becomes essential might be "anybody who could fly on an air­ man rights and fundamental freedoms only when maximum prices are imposed upon liner," he said. In the past, Von Braun said, and terrorism are the marks of Soviet a commodity and, further, that such price such a policy was impossible, "because we occupation in Latvia. controls should be only a temporary measure. couldn't have any half-astronauts." Shortly after the annexation of Latvia, It is incidentally noted that, in general, a The only drawback to the Shuttle, from the Soviets perpetrated one of history's "black market" will tend to develop for such the pilots' viewpoint, is the fact that the re­ great frauds and held "elections" under price controlled and rationed commodities. turnable plane does not have the capab111ty the guns of the Red army. An incorpo­ The one thing generally noted about price to make a second pass at its landing strip, he controls and rationing of a positive nature said. ration of Latvia into the Soviet Union is that such a system will prevent the limited However, he said, special computer con­ followed. To change a nation's constitu­ amounts supplied from being bought almost trols and a 15,000-foot runway should solve tion, while under occupation is a severe exclusively by high income individuals. To any potential problems. crime under international law. A year a great extent, therefore, a ration system 1s Von Braun also discussed current benefits later, thousands of Latvians were de­ aimed at "social justice" rather than the being derived from NASA's unmanned Earth ported to various parts of the Soviet immediate need to reduce the consumption Resources Technology Satemtes (ERTS). of the rationed commodity. Union, mainly Siberia. Supplementing The fact that certain persons by reason of Existing data. is being analyzed to survey the deportations, the Soviets pursued a crops, locate fish concentrations and search geographic location, occupation, and other for deposits of minerals and oil. policy of colonization of Latvia with Rus­ !actors affecting the amount of gasoline es­ Pinpointing the extent of a nation's sians. This served as a method of chang­ sential to the individual is not ignored. The natural resources has caused some develop­ ing the ethnic composition of the World War II rationing system with its A, ing countries to become "uneasy about others country. B, C, etc., stickers and associated ration books knowing how rich they are." Since the nation Despite the captivity in which the was designed to compensate for these factors. that controls the satellite is the one with the Latvians now live, the Latvian people The World War II system of gasoline . knowledge, there is a question about which remain dedicated to the cause of the rationing did not work completely without countries to give the data to, he said. abuse and no system can be expected to "At the moment, our pollcy is to tell no­ restoration of their freedom. There is work perfectly. Things have naturally body,'' Von Braun said. "But that brings up still evidence that the desire for freedom changed in the many years since World War the question why did we do it in the first along the Baltic persists even now, more II and, with respect to some of these changes, place?" than three decades after Stalin's shame­ any new rationing system should and can He said the United Nations has formed less and brutal conquest. to some extent be reckoned with. special committees for such problems. The Government of the United States The first outstanding characteristic dif­ has refused to recognize the seizure and fering of modern times is the large number of better highways in existence. It is gen­ forced "incorporation" of Latvia, Lithu­ erally believed that the price we pay for ania, and Estonia by the Russians. This public highways, like many public services, LATVIAN INDEPENDENCE principle must be carried through in the is not high enough. It would be rational for European Security Conference. In this the government to substantially raise the conference the Russian aim is to get a gasoline excise tax. Allowing some normal HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH broad generalized declaration that would market type rise in prices, this increased tax would prevent the oil companies from OP NEW YORK ratify the postwar division in Europe. becoming the exclusive benefactors of such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Americans and the other free na­ tions shall never agree to such a decla­ rising prices. Wednesday, November 28, 1973 A second major change since World War ration. II is the rise in the number of automoblles Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, on Novem­ On the 55th anniversary of Latvian In­ and the changed character of automobile ber 18, during our Thanksgiving recess, dependence Day, Latvians fervently ap­ engines. Some automobiles simply require more gasoline per mile to operate than do Americans of Latvian origin and Lat­ pealed to the United States and the other others. vians all over the world observed the governments and peoples of the free It seems that a rationing system of a more 55th anniversary of the declaration of world for help in restoring freedom and modern nature, rather than a simple return Latvian independence in 1918. In that independence to Latvia. to the World War II system, is in order. On November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38531 the basis of sound automotive engineers' the spirit or letter of even the first, the in power results from use of a "pop-up" advise, all automobiles could be classified Soviet Union continues on a "business launching system. according to technological characteristics as usual" buildup of arms. This permits the main rocket to ignite which affect their fuel consumption per outside the silo, after the pop-up, which mile. Assuming that the engineers could Fourth, the American people really provides an immense gain in thrust for classify automobiles into three such classes, have no idea of how bad our military various technical reasons. With additional each automobile could then be assigned ac­ posture is. power thrust behind them, the .new Soviet cordingly with a corresponding designation Mr. Speaker, I call this to the atten­ MIRVs are also radically d11ferent from our such as A, B, and C. This would to some ex­ tion of my colleagues and the people of own MIRVed warheads. Ours have power tent correspond to the quality of gasoline this Nation who understand well the les­ that can be counted in kilotons, whereas the required for the proper performance of such sons of history-that arms inferiority is Soviet MIRVed warheads are all in the autos' engines. It could then be required that megaton range. Thus they are effective coun­ automobile owners purchase the class gaso­ not the road to peace. ter-force weapons--which ours are not. line established for them or a higher grade. The article follows: Overall, deployment of the new missiles Pursuant to the above and as a temporary (From the Washington Post, Nov. 28, 1973] with their MIRVed warheads will increase measure, the price control board could set THE UNITED STATES-SOVIET MissiLE GAP the number of individually targetable Soviet price cellings and floors on the different warheads by somewhere between five and (By Joseph Alsop) siX times. As for the new sea-based SSN-8, grades of gasoline. However, the price ceil­ Readers who dare to give themselves a ings could be set at a very high price with finally, its novelty is its 4,000 mile range. a significant differential in price between fairly ugly reality test are hereby invited to This will allow nuclear submarines carry­ the grades of gasoline (for example $0.75 do so. You are not living in the real world of ing this missile to lie in protected areas like for the lowest grade, $1.25 for the middle 1973, if you are either shocked or surprised by the Bering Sea, there to lob their missiles any of the following propositions. at almost any major U.S. target with happy grade and $2.00 for the highest grade). • First, the talk of Soviet strategic "parity" Such a system would have little if no effect impunity. on the free-enterprise system of pricing and with this country is plain garbage. In nuclear The SALT assumptions were: a) that the strategic weapons, the Soviets are currently Soviets would not get a sea-based missile the economy could operate within the nor­ acquiring an enormous lead over the United mal market framework. with anything remotely resembling this States. If drastic measures are not taken Unfortunately some cases may have to be range; b) that we had succeeded with soon, they will, in fact, enjoy potentially de­ MIRVing all our missiles, whereas the Sovi­ given special consideration such as increased cisive nuclear-strategic superiority by the allocations for those who must travel ex­ ets had failed; and c) that greater accuracy fairly early 1980s. was another huge American advantage. The tensively in their work or decreased alloca­ Second, the Soviet strategic lead mainly re­ tions for multi-car families where only one first and second assumptions have now sults from no less than five brand new inter­ proved dead wrong. And the third assump­ person is gainfully employed. In general, continental nuclear missiles, of far greater however, such a system would provide the tion about our accuracy is now meaningless,· power and better design than those they had since it is canceled out by the vastly greater necessary rationing within a framework before. Two additional, stlll better new mis­ more similar to the tree market rather than power of the Soviet warheads. siles are further predicted for testing in only So there you have the facts. In a more one of a retreat to the outdated system of two more years. rational America, these appalling facts World War II. Third, for the above reasons, there was no would spur great national efforts. Instead, foundation for the major American assump­ several members of the Senate Armed Forces tions that made the first SALT agreement Committee were downright angry when they EVIDENCE OF SOVIET MISSILE seem acceptable and safe. were told the facts. They preferred no con­ SUPERIORITY If you are one of those who hold that the tact with the real world. United States can prudently allow decisive nuclear-strategic superiority to pass to the Soviets, this is rather obviously a report to HON. JACK F. KEMP skip. For those who hold the contrary view, OF NEW YORK however, the foregoing propositions are easy WHY ISN'T THERE MORE BLACK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enough to prove from facts no longer dis­ TELEVISION ON PUBLIC TELE­ puted, even within the more error-prone sec­ VISION? Wednesday, November 28, 1973 tors of the U.S. intelligence community. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Joseph Alsop, After the SALT agreement was safely one of the Nation's most highly respected signed and sealed, to begin with, the Soviets HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL briskly began a long series of missile tests, OF NEW YORK and consistently accurate commentators which then revealed the new missiles they on defense strategies, has published an had been keeping up their sleeves. Each new IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES analysis, carried today as an editorial land-based missile was thoughtfully design~ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 through the Los Angeles Times News to fit into the existing silos of one or another syndicate, showing convincing evidence type of their existing missiles-thus circum­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the onlY that the Soviet Union possesses an un­ venting the SALT rule against digging addi­ two programs on public television that mistakable superiority in offensive nu­ tional silos. are directed at a black audience have had clear missiles. The SSX-16 will therefore replace the solid their budgets slashed. "Soul," a quality fueled 88-13. Either the SSX-17 or the ssx- black cultural program which has for 4 There are several things distressing 19 will replace the Soviet Minuteman-type about what this article brings to the at­ missile, the SSX-11. The SSX-18 will replace years enjoyed a national audience of over tention of this House and the Nation: the Soviet monster-missile, the 88-9. Finally, 7 million, has been canceled in favor of First, the United States, in a decade­ there is the SSN-8, built for the new Soviet a pilot program dealing with various na­ long shift--from missile superiority, then D-class nuclear submarine. tional races and cultures. "Black Jour­ to parity, then to sufiiciency, then to in­ It is thought by many who think of such nal," a program presenting black news matters at all that the new missiles merely and public affairs, has had its budget cut feriority-has sacrificed the most vital embody minor improvements on the missiles ingredient of preserving peace, that in­ that they will replace. This again is garbage, by one-half. gredient being adequate military pre­ but it is garbage with a highly significant In essence, then, three-fourths of the paredness through first strike capability. origin. The error arises from the existence of total black programing of public tele­ The deterrents to the Soviet Union permanent, ongoing design teams, who were vision has been eliminated. Of $215,000,- launching a nuclear attack shrink in responsible for the older missiles and have 000 authorized for public television and now produced the replacements. radio "Black Journal," now reduced to light of their superiority. The cost to the United States of main­ Second, while the United States fol­ six shows a year, received approximatelY taining so many competing design groups, $350,000. lowed the spirit and the letter of. the all encouraged to produce prototypes of new SALT agreements, the Soviet Union vio­ missiles as often as they can make major Since blacks represent 20 percent of lated both its spirit and letter by deploy­ advances, would be in the neighborhood of the total American population, I think ing five new types of intercontinental $7 blllion per annum. Even in research and public television has a responsibility to ballistic missiles. development in the strategic field, in sum, provide programing of interest to the the Soviets are investing at a rate that shows black communities of this Nation. Third, while we are continuing to nego­ the grimmest seriousness of purpose. tiate an even more stringent arms limi­ Regarding this issue, Pamela Douglas As for the new missiles themselves, the has written an article for "The Black tation treaty, in good fatth not violating land-based ones are uniformly much more powerful than their predecessors, and all Scholar" analyzing the obstacles placed •such figures are arbitrary and real dif­ four are provided with MIRVed warheads. In in the way of increased black program­ ferentials would have to be on a percentage all but one case-one of the two competing ing on public television. basis. replacements for the 88-11-the great gain The article now follows: - 38532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 [From the Black Scholar, September 1973] To bring public television into a meaning­ did not agree with their own white philos­ BLACK TELEVISION: AVENUES OF POWER ful relationship to the black public, support­ ophies. In some areas, stations have blacked ers of Black Journal presented "The Black out the show altogether, and a challenge to (By Pamela Douglas) Plan" at the National Association of Educa­ the licenses of public TV stations in Ala­ (NOTE.-Pamela Douglas has written on tional Broadcasters Convention in Las Vegas bama 1s currently pending on this basis. media for Muhammad Speaks, the Seng­ on Oct. 21, 1972. The group wants 22% of all Commissioner Hooks warned station man­ stacke newspaper chain (Chicago Defender, funds to go to programming produced by agers, "You can no longer because of your Pittsburgh Courier, etc.), the Black Commu­ blacks ( 11 % for local prograins and 11 % for own racism, decide on your own that you're nicator, TV Guide, and other publications. national programs). They also propose that not going to have Black Journal because you Recently she has become Program Director at 80% of the 22% of the budget allocated go don't like it." KVST-TV, an experiment in viewer-spon­ to black affairs programming other than The attempted national elimination of the sored television in Los Angeles, due to begin entertainment or "culture." show was more complex because it involved broadcasting in September. She is also at But t he implications are broader than a the projected total reorganization of publlc work on a book on Black Television.) request for a percent of the money. Ulti­ broadcasting, as mandated by the Nixon ad­ Lately articles on minority access to tele­ mately the move could lead to mass popular ministration. In the early fall of 1972, PBS vision have begun appearing in some white control with never a purchase, opting for a (the Public Broadcasting Service) complied periodicals. The impression given is t h at pure assertion of rights. Tony Brown, Execu­ its preliminary recommendations for what black efforts in television center on pester­ tive Producer of Black Journal, said, "I shows should be funded by CPB in the 1973-4 ing powerful white institutions until they really see public television as an alternative. season. A confidential list divided all pro­ give up a little piece of the crust of the pie. I do not see commercial television as a suffi­ grains into four groups. Group I was what Methods are said to range from begging to cient alternative for blacks because we'll were called "prograins with a proven record" threatening and are intended to yield nothing never gain complete access (in view of the for immediate funding. This included the more than a few jobs for a few minority­ methods of financing commercial tv) ... children's shows like Sesame Street, Electric group people. This is not what the struggle Yet, because of the traditional lack of in­ Circus, Mister Rogers, and so forth. Group n is about now, and it has never been what the formation about public TV, blacks are losing and Group m were considered shows with struggle is about. out. Blacks could control public television good ideas for which money should not be In this article, we will try to set the record stations." committed, but which should be held in re­ straight on a few of the prominent issues What is needed is mass popular education serve. Group IV were distant hopefuls. Soull in black television. We will examine: public to awaken blacks to take possession of their was listed in Group IV-meaning that if this television, commercial television, black own­ property. Preventing the movement are a plan had gone through, the show would have ership of stations, cable television, and some few hard realities: In some geographic loca­ been taken off the air. Black Journal didn't projections for the future. Clearly, none of tions, public television can not be seen even make Group IV. Instead it was heaped these subjects will be able to be dealt with without an elaborate antenna. Second is a into a "no designation" category with other in depth in this space, but the overview general disgust with public TV fare because so-called "public affairs" programs. should at least provide a background for of all the programming that is boring and The reality is simply that the Nixon ad­ further discussion. In addition to the topics irrelevant to blacks (like chess matches and ministration does not want public funds to listed, at least four others which are vital symphony concerts). Rather than taking support shows which criticize it, or which will not be touched because justice could action to support the black shows that are dispute America's apple-pie image. So all not be done to them in an article of this on and trying to change or remove the others, "public affairs" shows are potentially dan­ length. The omitted areas are: evaluation of the whole network is greeted with resigna­ gerous because they might produce crttlcal specific programs both in terins of aesthetics tion. And this touches the third point, which thought. Enhancing the argument against and contents, including reviews of shows now is the apathy borne of ignorance and despair funding these shows is the pinching off of on the air; issues for black children in chil­ that has stood in the way of many potential money to public broadcasting in general­ dren's television; regional and geographic revolutions before this one. • also accomplished by the Nixon administra­ probleins and movements; and black com­ Nevertheless, a movement of larger propor­ tion in its veto of the public broadcasting munications organizations. tions than is ever recognized by the white bill earlier in the year. So by November, 1972, PUBLIC TELEVISION media has taken root. To understand this, it seemed that serious black programming The more than 30 mi111on black people in it must be understood that Black Journal was doomed, with Black Journal worse off the United States have already paid for pub­ is not a TV show. It is an organizational focus than Soul! lic television and have long been owed a for a black ideology, the visible tip of the But instead of yielding, a massive cam­ measure of control. It is owed to blacks be­ iceberg. Without question it is watched and paign on the part of black people in every cause the public owns the airwaves; yet the enjoyed as a weekly show, but below the sur­ area of the country was launched, and the face are the support groups ("Friends of real story is not the story of one television air has been abused by stations that send Black Journal") organized not only to help signals over the black community aimed at show, but the story of how massive public keep the program on the air but importantly organization and pressure can bring results. whites on the periphery, rather than serving to spread a philosophy and to become viable the black public. The second reason for the Into the campaign went the national Black in their own right on communications issues Congressional Caucus, the Urban League, and debt is that blacks have bought public tele­ and local programming. vision with their taxes. But despite the dis­ several other national organizations, but Evolving from the riots of the late sixties most of all individual people who sent let­ proportionately high share of the taxes borne and the mandates of the Kerner Commission, by black (and other poor) people, not one ters, stood on picket lines, made long dis­ Black Journal became the one and only na­ tance calls to Washington, and all in all of the 230 public television stations has tional black affairs show on either public or 6,750 presented a united front to keep their na­ top black management, and of the em­ commercial TV in 1968. In 1973 it 1s still the ployees, only 14 "minority group" people tional program on the air. one and only national black affairs show. In ~t. Louis, a group called ACTION (blacks, Spanish-surnamed or Orientals~. are The only difference is that in 1973 the danger categorized as "officials anc1 managers. In picketed the law offices of the Chairman of of its being taken off the air is worse than the Bo~tord of the Corporation for Public fact, the total minority employment had ac­ it's ever been, though the danger was always tually decreased from 12.1 % in 1970 to 9.2 % Broadcasting. In New York, a coalition of present. 300 grassroots organizations, called Black in 1972. In terms of programming, public Tony Brown amplified the historical con­ television nationally carried one hour and a Citizens for Fair Media, issued a statement, text: "With the rebelllon phase, black pro­ "If Black Journal is in danger, all our other half per week of black shows (Soul! and gramming was born as a response. Whites be­ Black Journal) out of all its broadcast hours. black programs are in danger. It's like the came guilty-terrified, or terrified-guilty, so kingpin in bowling. When the kingpin is The full racist implications of this they came up with the concept of black pro­ "crumbs" approach to black people were knocked down, the other pins wm fall . . ." ignored by the administrators of public tele­ gramming as a pacification inst rument. Now And this sentiment echoed in letters from Vision as well as by the legislators who hold we are at a phase of real conservatism called blacks who had never participated in an ef­ the power of the purse over public broad­ 'benign neglect.' Now, black programming fort like this before. casting. So in the summer of 1973 while the is not viable because we aren't supposed to The result came in early January. Tl'e white liberals fought their "noble" battle to talk about being oppressed. I'm becoming Board of the Corporation was meeting in. re-fund public broadcasting against the more and more convinced that we are going Washington, with no intention to re-fund Nixon administration forces, very little was to be further behind than we were when we the sb.ow that day, and pickets appeared, said about public broadcasting's debt to mi­ started with rebellions." chanting, outside the office. That very day, norities and poor peopte. As a result, one day The specific threat takes two forins: local before any other renewals were announced, before the Senate coiiUllittee approved the the Corporation refunded Black Journal. stations not carrying the show sent to them The New York Times reported "According to appropriation of funds. the members of the from the Public Broadcasting Service, and Black Congressional \Jaucus issued a re­ the CPB, Black Journal was renewed by the the national elimination of the show by the board on the basis of the show's popularity, sounding denouncement. Speaking for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), Black Caucus, Rep. William Clay (D-Mo.) mail from the viewers, and the recognition urged the defeat of the bill unless amend­ which funds a large percent of public tele­ of the need for minority programming." No ments were added to make public television vision. In a number of cases, white station question remained that the power of the stations more refiec10tve of minority group management would preview a Black Journal people was the only force that got the show interests in both programming and staftlng. show and declde not to put lt on because lt renewed. (Despite thts lnltlal vlctor7. Black November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38533 Journal's budget was subsequently reduced comes from Isaiah. I'd like to read a few strains. America, as we know it and love it. by more than one-half, so that its pro­ brief excerpts. According to the prophet, the is like a good soup. Its full flavor comes from gramming will be severely curtailed this mission of Israel was, and I quote, " ... to the blending of many ingredients. Fall.) loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the Yet from many quarters we hear a great No sooner was the Black Journal battle heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go deal of talk about assim1lation--especially won, than it was discovered that Soul! was free ... to deal thy bread to the hungry from the younger generation. And, of course, cancelled. Perhaps in faith that the high and ... bring the poor that are cast out to it is necessary that we should be alike in artistic quality of the show would speak for thy house ... Then shall this light break some ways-in our standard of justice, our itself, the administration of the show didn't forth as the morning ..." concept of democratic government, our com­ wage the massive political battle that won As you are well aware, the historical paral­ mon ideal of liberty and freedom. Black Journal its life. And thus the hard les­ lels between our age and the age of Isaiah are But, we must also recognize that we oan son was learned again: the forces in power striking. Then, as now, for example, the pay too high a price for sameness. We can respond only to power. Tremendous white Jewish people were returning to Zion tore­ make our soup bland. There are differences power responded to tremendous black power build their nation. that we cannot afford to lose. in the case of Black Journal. The white But there is another contemporary his­ I do not like to believe and do not concede power structure again showed itself un­ toric parallel that I find even more striking. that in this country we have Italian-Ameri­ concerned for the development of a black Listen to the following lines, ladies and gen­ cans, Irish-Americans, Afro-Americans or aesthetic or for giving black people diversity tlemen. I am sure you know them by heart. Jewish-Americans because the hyphen im­ in programming. Give me your tired, your poor, plies that different groups should be treated At this writing, two token "Soul Specials" Your huddled masses yearning to breathe differently. This is wrong. are planned for the 1973-74 season. But per­ free, On the other hand, it is necessary to un­ haps even by the date this is published the The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, derstand ~at different groups have added response of masses of black people could Send these, the homeless, the tempest-tossed immeasurably to American life because they still help the show. tome: are different. Out of their differences have The power in public television, especially I lift up my lamp beside the golden door. grown ideas, a fuller cultural life, and a more for blacks, resides truly in the pressure that interesting and stimulating America. Our masses of black people can apply. Black Jour­ Those are, of course, the famous lines en­ national outlook is broader; our character nal is on the air in 1973 because of this. The graved on the pedestal of the greatest sym­ stiffer. question is not money. At stake is control bol of human freedom in the world-the Rather than question in any way those over our public institutions. And the odds Statue of Liberty. They are also the closing who feel deep emotional ties to other coun­ for public television in the next few years lines of a poem that celebrates America as trie&-whether it be Israel or Ireland or Italy could wen be all or nothing. the haven for the world's oppressed. The or Africa-we should salute this as a mani­ poem is entitled "The New Colossus." The festation of the genius of our Nation. This author was Emma Lazarus, a Jewish woman is part of what we call Americanism. It is who organized relief for Jewish refugees who one of the things that make both Israel and had fled the oppression of 19th century Rus­ HON. GERALD R. FORD'S FINE America unique in the world. The beauty sia. of Joseph's coat was that it was of many SPEECH ON ISRAEL The ring of Isaiah is in those lines. I think colors. those words on the Statue of Liberty capture It is perfeotly possible for Americans the essential spirit of both America and to hold on proudly to the best elements of Israel-almost uniquely among the nations their d11ferent national heritages-and yet HON. JAMES R. GROVER, JR. of the world-havens for the persecuted, the OF NEW YORK be united tn common love for our country. homeless, the oppressed. And let me add here that no single group IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And it 1s because of this unique common of Americans has been more steadfast in Wednesday, November 28, 1973 tradition, I believe, that the bonds between standing up for our country than our Jewish America and Israel are so very close. There is citizens. Mr. GROVER. Mr. Speaker, it was my no contradiction whatsoever between the Finally, ladies and gentlemen, let me men­ honor both to arrange for his attendance support you offer to Israel and the loyalty tion one more basic American quality, per­ and to introduce our distinguished you feel toward America. haps the finest ot all-the wlllingness to There are many of you in this audience sacriftce to help your fellow man. minority leader and Vice-President-des­ tonight whose parents came to these shores ignate at the United Jewish Appeal It's an old concept, one of the finest em­ tleeing oppression. Some of you came under bodied in the Judeo-Christlan tradition, the "Dinner for Life" at the Colonie Hill those conditions yourselves. And as you all concept of charity. And perhaps no group Restaurant in my district this past Mon­ know, the accomplishments of the UJA in in America has more distinguished itself day. assisting such immigrants have been nothing for its generosity and its philanthropy than The reception given GERRY FoRD was short of phenomenal. And what you and your the American Jewish community. The Greek parents found here was something you could one of the most cordial ever, and ~ root of the term "philanthropy" means love not find in the nations you left--the promise of mankind. And I know of no people who words were received with warmth and that you could rise just as high and travel enthusiasm. better personify this love than those who just as far as your abllities and dedication give to the United Jewish Appeal. I am pleased to submit for the RJ:CORD could carry you. You can take profound pride in yout his fine address: All of you here tonight have realized that record. Since 1938, UJA funds have saved ADDRESS ON IsRAEL promise, and your lives are tangible testi­ over 3 million lives and have helped make Ladies and gentlemen, it is a special pleas­ monials to a very simple but often overlooked possible the transformation of Israel into a ure to address you at a time when the world truth-the American system is alive and dynamic and progressive land. seems finally ready, after so many tragic years healthy. The system does work. You have As you all know, the recent fighting in the of bloodshed and senseless procrastination, to proved that it works. Middle East took a tragic toll. In fact, given acknowledge an unavoidable reality. stm another truth about our society is population ratios, the number of Israelis That reality is the reality of Israel's exist­ that it is diverse, a pluralistic society who died each day during the recent fighting ence. The United States has worked long and strengthened socially and culturally by the was equivalent to approximately 7,000 Amer­ hard-and often alone-to uphold Israel's beliefs and customs of the various national­ ican deaths per day. Thus your efforts to security. In the peace negotiations that are Ities and religions that found sanctuary and help Israel "bind up the wounds of war" seem at long last about to begin between Israel opportunity here. especially appropriate at this moment in and the Arabs, we will continue to support The melting pot theory still holds. The history. melting process, of course, distills different Israel's existence and her right to live in At the same time, other needs also press security. social and philosophic views down into com­ mon national goals and purposes. That melt­ in Israel. For example, immigration to Israel The relationship between the United States ing process should not, however, attempt to continues and spending on immigration and Israel has always been a unique one, and alone was over $1 billion before the host111- as I worked on these remarks I tried to come boil out those unique things we bring to America as members of distinct cultural ties broke out. to some conclusions about why this should This is a time of testing, and the road be so. I think I've come up with at least a groups, qualitiea which help to enrich our society as a whole. ahead will not be an easy one. But for the partial answer, an answer involving the Bible, first time in decades, the road does seem a poet, a statue, and the work the UJA is Too often, I believe, we stress the sameness, passable with some of the roadblocks re­ doing to assist Russian emigrants. The plight the homogeneity of American life while moved. This Administration has spent five of Soviet Jewry, 1ncidenta1ly, is one that has ignoring the healthy differences and varia­ years in attempting to clear away interna­ long concerned me, and I'm sure some of you tions that give such richness to the Ameri­ tional obstructions to peace by buUding here tonight remember that I addressed this can fabric. bridges to those nations with whom we once subject at a rally for Soviet Jewry in Madison The texture of our Nation, which has con­ had no dialogue. Square Garden in 1971. tributed to its unparalleled greatness, comes And the indications are that now sucb The passage in the Bible to which I referred from many ethnic, religious and nationality bridge building may be possible between Tel ClXIX--2427-Part 29 38534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 Aviv, Cairo, and Damascus. Perhaps finally ago. He was born at "Big Cruz Bay", as it dUring the night, he raids the refrigerator the way may be clear. Richard Tucker has was then called. As a boy he worked long for a. glass of soursop juice. given us an inspirational rendition of the hours pasturing cattle for various land­ The "old sport" who is to be honored by Israeli national anthem here tonight, and owners, often "making pasture" with a. cut­ the Pioneers has had a. good life on St. John, it is in the closing lines of that anthem that lass to provide good guinea grass for graz­ although he says most of his friends now we find the hope of the future expressed so ing. For some years he worked a.t Lameshur, "have gone home". Looking with calm, know­ clearly: when large herds grazed on the slopes, lime ing eyes across the long vista. to Turtle Bay, "The hope of two thousand years, To be trees yielded a. regular harvest, and the fields he chuckles, "Sports still give me the most a free people in our land, In the land ot ran up Bordeaux Mountain into the bay fun I get in life." Rarely does he miss a. soft­ Zion .•." forest which produced leaves for Ernest ball. or cricket match in Cruz Bay Ball Park Ladles and gentlemen, I believe we will Marsh's Carolina. distillery. and when he is at home he spends his spare make that hope a. reality. "Young people nowadays don't know what hours watching the games on television. And so I salute you-salute you for your it is to work," in Mr. Richards opinion. "I support of a. worthwhUe cause-and salute worked for $6 a. month in those days." St. you, my fellow Americans, because you have John raised cattle, horses, mules and don­ unselftshly helped pave the road to self­ keys, which were shipped to other islands. PRESERVE VISIDLE MEMORIES reUa.nce for the people of Israel. With pride "Travel was by sail then," he points out, re­ you can say you have played a. major role in calling that St. John had its own shipbuUd­ Israel's progress. With your head high, you ers. "There were shlpbuUders at East End­ know you have personally shared in an enter­ the Roberts famUy, Allen Smith, and Amos HON. JOHN BRADEMAS prise of historic signlftcance for the survlva.J Sullivan; he was the last shipbuilder on the OF INDIANA of the Jewish people and of the spirit of island." IN human freedom and dignity to which lt 1s In the early 1900's, St. John was a. self­ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dedicated. Sha.Jom. su11lcient place. Land transportation was by Wednesday, November 28, 1973 mule and donkey, and people raised their own food. Meat was preserved by salting it, Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I insert and was soaked before cooking. "Plenty of in the REcoRD an editorial, "Preserve NEPTUNE RICHARDS, A VETERAN ta.nia.s, yams, pumpkins and cassava. grew Visible Memories," published in the No­ CRICKET PLAYER RECALLS EARLY here. There were big fields of pineapple at vember 6, 1973, issue of the La Porte, Cinnamon Bay." Mr. Richards is particularly Ind., Herald-Argus. DAYS OF CENTURY fond of cassava. bread, and raises a. little cas­ sava. hlinself to be sure of a. supply. "In the The editorial stresses the importance old days, people kept cassava bread in a. bar­ that communities throughout the United HON. RON DE LUGO rel, and it was a. pleasure for them to give States should attach to the preservation OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS some to visitors. They had a. demijohn or two of historical landmarks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of gua.va.berry rum to offer friends who The editorial follows:. stopped by." Wednesday, November 28, 1973 PRESERVE VISmLE MEMORIES In those independent days people depended We suggest that one of the prime objectives Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, in visiting on "bush medicine," an art in which Mrs. our Bicentennial commissions might set in the Virgin Islands, many of my col­ Richards is highly skllled. "People had to preparing for 1976 is the preservation of his­ be their own doctors, and their bush medicine torical landmarks in every community across leagues have had the opportunity to ob­ was great," Mr. Richards affirms. The eight serve and understand the culture of my Richards children were brought up on bene­ the country. ' island home. The greatest insight into These are vanishing like rues a.t the first ficial bush teas and poultices which their hint of cold weather. The National Trust for a people, however, can be provided mother prepared. Historic Preservation, a. Washington-based through the experiences and recollec­ St. John like the British Virgins, provided group dedicated to saving the nation's price­ tions of a lifelong native. One of these charcoal for St. Thomas and St. Croix house­ less heritage, has documented the fact that representative citizens, and a valued wives to use in cooking. But making it was over a. third of America's registered historic hard work. "You began hungry and you landmarks have been destroyed over the past friend of mine, is "Captain" Halvor ended hungry." Mr. Richards says, with the Neptune Richards. charcoal selling for 30 cents a. bag. During 40 years. In his youth, Captain Richards found We can be thankful that an official national Prohibition, charcoal was particularly in de­ body has been organized in an effort to ha.Jt time from his long hours of farm work to mand in Puerto Rico, where farmers made the thoughtless razing of landmarks that become a renowned cricket player on rum "in the bushes" and used charcoal be­ should have been preserved for the edifica­ St. John. At 77, he remains vigorously cause it did not smoke and reveal their op­ tion of future generations. active on the farm he has owned for·so erations. "Charcoal burning helped out in At one time the Trust and Historic Preser­ hard times," Mr. Richards says, describing years. In November, Halvor and his wife, the all-but-forgotten art of cutting, cleaning vation group complied and registered 16,000 Florence, were feted by the St. John landmarks in the country and ~la.ss1fted them and packing the wood in a. "coal pit", then as official historical sites. A third of these Pioneer Benevolent Soctety. This honor "bushing it over," "dirting it over," and was noted with an interview published in have disappeared. checking it dally to determine when it was Some ha.d genuine architectural stgnlft­ the local newsletter. The opinions and ready for use. cance. Others represented priceless Ameri­ reminiscences of this colorful gentleman In the difficult Depression years, Mr. Richards was foreman in the Civ111an Con­ cana.. Still others marked the sites of im­ reveal some of the character and spirit portant events in American history. of the typical St. J ohnian. servation Corps which built various roads in Most of those structures that no longer the Coral Bay area.. Like many another young exist were victimized by the well-known bull­ The article from the November 2, St. Johnia.n, he went to St. Thomas for better 1973 issue of the St. John Drum follows: dozer. There are legitimate reasons for ef­ job opportunites at one time. There he work­ facing some of these landmarks, but more VETERAN CRICKET PLATER RECALLS EARLY ed as a. milkman, getting up at three a.m. often than not little or no effort was made DAYS OF CENTURY or earlier to milk and water the cows. Finally to determine if they could be converted to a. (By Janet Boyte) a. four-months' bout with typhoid fever per­ useful purpose. Ta.lking with Neptune Richards is like suaded him to "come home," and he has al­ We fall to use our ima.g1nation. Landmarks leafing through the pages of a picture album ways been glad of his decision. can be moved if changes dictate better use revealing fascinating bygone scenes of life on The Susa.nnaberg estate, purchased from of a. given site. As a. matter of fact, it is fre­ St. John. At 77 years of age, Halvor Neptune the Christiansen family in St. Thomas, has quently necessary to relocate a. memorable Richards is the oldest ace cricketer left on many reminders of ''slavery days," including structure in order to make it more available its old windmUl, stone cistern, and, beneath to the publlc-<>r to preserve it from the rav­ the island, and remembers when the cap­ venerable tamarind tree, the graves of tain of the St. John team "would go no a ages of elements, both natural and manmade. estate owners who once lived there. In addi­ Many times, historians say, there are no place to play without me." Thus it is fitting tion to some 30 pigs, 50 head of cattle, plus that the Pioneer Benevolent Society should avallable organizations or individuals in a goats and chickens, Mr. Richards has pea­ given community knowledgeable or inter­ honor him and his wife, Florence, with a birds, originally obtained from Mrs. Ethel dinner and dance Nov. 2. ested enough 1n the community's past to McCulley. Currently the peahen 1s followed identify a. landmark for preservation. Not only is Mr. Richards the oldest surviv­ about by three husky young chicks who have ing cricket player, but he is the last operator Authorities a.re emphasizing the great im­ survived predatory mongoose and rthrushee. of a large farm. Still vigorous and sturdy, portance of historical societies to the com­ he raises livestock and grows a few crops One Susa.nna.berg landmark along Center­ munity. LaPorte owes a debt of gratitude to ­ on the susannaberg estate of more than line Road is the old orchard, where the cows its local historical organization for being 100 acres which he bought some 30 years ago. graze, and soursops, sugar apples and cus­ active and determined to preserve the several Eyeing the visitor with a steady gaze, he tard apples still fiourish. Soursops are a. great footstones that remain in this community reminisces a.bout the St. John he knew long favorite of his and 1f Mr. Richards wakes up and in LaPorte county. November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38535 Changes in the face of America's urban his subordinates and friends. When these PUBLIC OR PERISH areas have resulted in a heavy toll for his­ trusts and confidences were broken, he suf­ toric edifices. Many are located in run-down fered the agonies of misjudgment and has ghettos of the big cities. Others have fallen come to realize that he must assume the to the necessity of modernizing downtowns blame. HON. TOM RAILSBACK of cities large and small. Richard Mllhous Nixon happens to be our OF n.LINOIS An example here would be the site of the President on this Thanksgiving 1973. Wheth­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES old Fairview hospital building, Pine Lake and er we are Democrats or Republicans, Conserv­ Weller avenues. The building has been al­ ative or Liberals-let us be grateful that Wednesday, November 28. 1973 tered, but the location once was famous as Watergate has taken place. Dr. Collins' sanitorium, and holds real his­ From this purge or catharsis better gov­ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, recent­ torical signlflcance. ernment must come forth. ly I had the opportunity to review an The chances are this site will fall to com­ Let us be thankful and forgiving. article written by A. B. Villanueva, pro­ mercial development and the changing pat­ Remember, to err is human, to forgive fessor of political science at Western terns of community growth. We respect the divine. Dlinois University in Macomb, ill. His fact of changing commercial requirements; My personal best wishes to all of you. article describes the in-service training but urge and plead for site preservation seminars held at WIU in the fall of 1972. wherever possible. RAYMOND S. CLEMENS, LaPorte 1s blessed with a fine historical MG1Jor. City Of Marengo. While he explains how such seminars museum. Many communities are not. provide a sound investment in personnel With the nation's Bicentennial approach­ development, Professor Villanueva also ing in 1976, LaPorte, and every community, presents some very thought-provoking should become more conscious of its history NATIONAL FARM WIFE MONTH questions. and campaign to save visible memories of the For the review of my colleagues, I in­ s1gn1flcant past. sert the following article in the RECORD at How else are future generations to see and this point: comprehend the glorious America that was, HON. WILLIAM R. ROY 18, and remains yet to be. OJ" XAMSAS REI'LECTioN oN IN-SERVICE TRAINING o-r CITY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HALL SUPERVISORS (By A. B. Vlllanueva) Wednesday, November 28. 1973 1. INTRODUCTION A THANKSGIVING GIFT FROM THE Mr. ROY. Mr. Speaker, November is Inspired by the Intergovernmental Per­ CITY OF MARENGO "National Farm Wife Month." I cannot sonnel Act of 1970 and spurred by the en­ think of any group more deserving of thusiasm of "moon-lighting" college profes­ such an honor. sors whose phllosophy is "public or perish", HON. ROBERT McCLORY I have had a special respect and ad­ instead of "publish or perish", a number of miration for farm wives since a delega­ local government employees have participated OF ILLINOIS tion representing the United Farm Wives in in-service training seminars to upgrade IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their supervisory skllls and to enhance their visited Washington in April. These Kan­ professional development. In this article, a Wednesday, November 28, 1973 sas women were concerned about an ill­ number of issues regarding in-service train­ Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, one of conceived effort to roll back the price of ing wlll be reflected upon including some ef­ my distinguished constituents, the Hon­ red meat and raw agricultural products fects of in-service training upon the Job per­ orable Raymond S. Clemens, mayor of and came to Washington to tell their formance of both supervisors and their sub­ story. ordinates, some reactions of supervisors to the city of Marengo, communicated a various aspects of in-service training, and Thanksgiving message to President I arranged for the United Farm Wives some improvements I wlll propose to make Nixon. This message set forth many rea­ to meet with the press and other Mem­ in-service training programs more etrective, sons for offering thanks at this season, bers of Congress. They relayed the prob­ relevant, and responsive to the problems of praised the President for his many years lems of the farmer-rancher, and re­ our time. of public service, and cited some of the layed them well. 2. TYPES OJ' IN-SERVICE TRAINING special contributions which he has made During the 2-day visit of the Kansas In-service training programs vary in format in behalf of our Nation. farm wives, I had the opportunity to and objective, in scope and nature, and in Sent to me by Alderman Allen W. speak with each of them. I was-and employee participation and teaching tech­ Krech of Marengo, this eloquent and am-impressed by their dedication, in­ nique. Some programs are like college courses heartfelt message-entitled "A Thanks­ telligence, and concern. I look forward o1fered through extension divisions of univer­ giving Gift From the Mayor of Maren­ to working with the United Farm Wives sities with academic credits, taught by col­ in the future. lege professors on or otr-campus at night, and go"-reads as follows: lead towards a certlflcate or associate degree Each of us has his or her own personal I would like to call to the attention of my colleagues the following proclama­ in public admlnlstration. Others are short­ reason for giving thanks during this holiday term institutes or workshops varying in season. tion: "National F'arm Wife Month": length from one day to one week. Stlll others Naturally, we all conjure the mental pic­ NATIONAL FARM WIFE MoNTH are seminars otrered at night in council tures of our country's first Americans and (A Proclamation by the Secretary of chambers of city halls where college profes­ their Thanksgiving: the Indians-the PU­ Agriculture) sors !rom neighboring institutions o! higher grims-the Feast. Whereas the farm women of America have learning are hired to moderate these seminars But, it has occurred to me and I hope you for at least one to two hours once a week don't mind, that collectively, we might give made outstanding contributions to the wel­ fare of this nation through their dedication during an academic quarter or semester in thanks to a present day American. order to fit into the professor's teaching A man who has devoted the majority of his to agriculture and its productive goals, and Whereas these farm wives are truly part­ schedule. The certlfi.cate program in public adult years to public service. administration o1fered jointly by the Ex­ A self-made man who is a Quaker, yet ners to their husbands in the industry that tension Division and the former Public Ad­ served this country during World War n. feeds the world, and ministration Center o! the University o! Min­ A man, like Lincoln, who has known de­ Whereas farm wives have continually set nesota is a good example of the first; the feat, who has been misunderstood, misrepre­ outstanding examples as mothers, home­ Executive Seminar Centers of the U.S. Civil sented and personally maligned, yet had the makers, community leaders, and church Service Commission at Berkeley, California courage to face his countrymen. workers, and Kingspoint, New York are excellent ex­ A man who has snatched our soldiers and amples o! the second; and the regional plan prisoners of war from Vietnam to bring peace Therefore, in an etrort to direct deserved public awareness to the farm wife's vital for in-service training program !or local gov­ to this country for the first time in twelve ernment supervisors in the West Central years. role in the strength, health, and future of this nation, Illinois region is the leading prototype of the A man who despised the Communist phi­ third. Most of what are going to be discussed losophy, argued with Khrushchev, and later I hereby proclaim the month of Novem­ in this article will be reflections on the third with mature judgment made important ne­ ber 1973 as "National Farm Wife Month" which, for our present purpose, wlll be re­ gotiations with major Communist countries. in recognition and appreciation of her un­ ferred to as the West Central Illinois Plan. A man who is ridiculed for inflation in selfish contributions to the well being of our The so-called West Central llllnois Plan America when the rest of the free world is society. is a regional and cooperative project of three combating an even worse upward spiral. EARL L. BUTZ, small cities situated in the former military A man who had confidence and trust in Secretary tract in the State of lllinois. Two of these 38536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 cities (Macomb, population: 19,648, and survey questionnaires, it was the general feel­ problems brought out in the case studies Bushnell, population: 3,703) are rural whUe ing of the respondents that the seminars pro­ apply to big cities like Chicago but not to the third is urban (Rock Island, population: duced some positive results. As Table I shows small ones like Bushnell. The second reason 50,166) and ls one of the cities that make most of the respondents felt that their su­ was related to the first: "the training sem­ up one of the bi-state metropolitan regions pervisory sk11ls have become better especially inars would be of greater help to larger de­ ln the nation. The plan was designed by the when it comes to providing leadership to partments with more personnel." The third Institute For Rural, Regional and Com­ their subordinates, practicing public rela­ reason was attributed to "the discussion of munity studies, a special organizational tions, organizing and managing work, and subjects unrelated to [our) particular city unit of Western Illinois University, which improving work methods. On the other hand, set-up" such as collective bargaining and helped the three cities obtain IPA grant some respondents indicated that evaluating job discrimination "which we do not have from the U.S. CivU Service Commission. worker performance, maintaining and de­ and other big city operations." The fourth When the regional offtce of the Commission veloping discipline, and planning and or­ reason was partly due to the text which was announced approval of the grant in the sum­ ganizing work are major areas in which they thought to be "somewhat biased in favor of mer of, 1972, the Institute played a major noticed no changes in their work performance the employer." The cases at the end of each role in coordinating the seminars, recruit­ at all. bulletin were believed to suffer from llmlted ing moderators, doing all the "spade-work" Seminar participants were also asked if information and unstated assumptions and putting all the "nuts and bolts" of the they have noticed any effect in the job per­ which made the drawing of conclusions a bit seminars because the Institute was later des­ formance of their subordinate employees as difftcult. On balance, however, those who ex­ ignated as the "prime contractor" to imple­ a result of their participation in the sem­ pressed marginal Views generally considered inars. In Table 2, most of the respondents the text as good and interesting. In the words ment the program. reported that there were two areas in which of one of these respondents, "the text did The whole program consisted of two parts. the performance behavior of their subordi­ present each category reasonably well." The first part includes a series of ten sem­ nates have improved: 1) their attitudes and inars on supervision which were held in morale, and 2) their concern for housekeep­ Critical reactions council chambers in the city halls of Ma­ ing. However, there were also areas in which Six respondents were critical of the semi­ comb, Bushnell and Rock Island. Each sem­ the respondents found very little change in nars mostly because of the nature of the inar was held once a week from 7:00 P.M. to their subordinates' performance behavior case studies described and presented in the 9:00 P.M. during which various problems of such as their promptness in reporting to bulletins. First of all, according to one of the supervision were discussed under the guid­ work, the regularity of their work attend­ critics, the case studies were suitable only ance of two polltical science professors ance, and the reduction in employee turn­ to lower level supervisors "such as shop fore­ teaching public administration at Western over. men or head janitors" and not to higher level Illlnots University. The roles which these 4. SEKINAR CRITIQUE supervisors such as department heads. sec­ moderators played in these seminars were ondly, very little time was spent on discus­ those of a discussion leader and an umpire, One part of the questionnaire contains an open-ended question in which respondents sions of problems relating to minority em­ rather than an instructor or lecturer be­ ployment largely due to the fact that the case cause of the nature of the seminar partici­ were asked to wrlte a critique of the seminar studies in the ICMA manual were written pants who prefer a group discussion of including their comments and criticisms on without reference to the problems of disad­ practical problems of supervision related to the text that was used, the cases that were discussed, and the group discussion that vantaged groups in the publlc service. their jobs to a lecture on organization theory was Thirdly, some of the case studies are over­ or management science. In these roles, the employed as a device in conducting semlna.rs simplifications and most of the questions moderators led the seminar participants in of this nature. As the saying goes, the re­ spondents "told it like it was" by writing following each case were vague, ambiguous discussing, analyzing and examining vari­ and sometimes overlap one another as a con­ ous administrative practices that will help their reactions in varying degrees of compll­ ments, objectivity, and condemnation. Four­ sequence of which "most of the time was them become better suoervisors. The ICMA spent discussing the meaning of the ques­ manual on Effective Supervisory Practices, teen of the respondents wrote positive reac­ tions to the entire seminars, whlle five ex­ tions and not arriving at answers" or skip­ which consists of 15 small bulletins, was ping two or more of these questions because used as a basic text and its short case stud­ pressed marginal views and six were very crltical of the whole thing. they appear to be asking the same thing. ies at the end of each bulletin serve as the Fourthly, most of the case studies were re­ basis of group discussion. PC>Mti've reactfom garded as insignificant, since they are not The second part or. the program was a one­ One of those who thought the semina.rs relevant to contemporary problems of local day workshop which dealt with the subject were worthwhile stated that "it does help governments with some minority employee• of equal employment opportunity and the in many ways of understanding the problems such as blacks, chicanos and women. Fifthly, role of the supervisor ln bringing about lts of other employees in their field of work, to the group discussion method of handling the goals. All seminar participants drove to the learn other methods from people you work seminar was not looked upon as an appro­ campus of Western Illinois University on with and to sha.re workload with each other." priate teaching method for some of the par­ December 16, 1972, to see a motion picture Another satisfied participant wrote, "For all ticipants who were college graduates who are in which a group of supervisors discussed practical purposes . . . it helped greatly to now occupying staff positions in city hall some forms of job discrlmlnation due to in­ promote the supervisors' insight and job such as administrative assistants to the city stitutional practices and behavior built tnto perspective. . .." In more specific terms, the manager or heads of administrative city de­ the present system of merit employment same respondent said, "I am more aware of partments. Finally, one of the cases irrltated which were considered culturally biased and am attempting to improve my short­ one respondent who condemned the case as and racially discrlmlnatory against mlnor­ comings in providing leadership to my sub­ an "understatement." The case in point was ltles. Forty supervisors who attended this ordinates, in handling employee complaints discussed in Bulletin 9, page 3, paragraph 1c workshop were broken up into four different and grievances," and in broadening "my in which a supervisor was given a piece of groups and assigned to four separate con­ views on organization and management." advice as follows: "Watch yourself! Maybe ference rooms after the show was over. To Other respondens agreed that the whole you think you don't like Jews, Negroes, or each of these groups was assigned a political seminars were productive because the par­ Italians, but you can never be a good super­ science professor from Western Illinois Uni­ ticipants gained the following benefits: visor if you have this kind of bias or preju­ versity and served as discussion leader. The The opportunity to "learn not only from dice for anyone." To which the respondent four professors who were selected and co­ the materials presented but from the experi­ shot back: "This seemingly harmless, good ordinated by the Institute's Director led the ences of the people involved"; intentioned bit of advice sounds fine for the groups in reacting to and commenting on "An excellent refresher course and brought first time around, but the author seems to be the film. After a two hour "rap session" the to the fore the numerous shortcomings we assuming that Jews, Negroes, or Italians four groups got together at luncheon time develop without realizing them as we grow won't be found in supervisory positions. Why to listen to a brief discussion of the salient older"; didn't he advise the Black, the Jew, or the features of the 1972 Equal Employment Op­ "Planning and organizing our work and Italian supervisor not to fall into the trap? portunity Act by Congressman Tom Rails­ keeping better records"; It can't be 'explained away' by saying the "Some inspiration on employee handling back (R., Illinois) . author didn't imply anything subtle; over­ and work dispersement"; and tones are there." 3. EFFECTS OF THE SEMINARS ON SUPERVISORS "How to handle my job better and st111 5. CONCLUSION AND SUBORDINATES maintain working conditions with my men In-service training programs such as those About a month after the seminars and the and the publlc." seminars held in Western Illinois in the fall workshop were completed, a structured ques­ Marginal reactions of 1972 undoubtedly are sound investments ln tionnaire was mailed by the Institute to personnel development. They produce divi­ those who participated. In each ques­ Five of the respondents felt that although tionnaire, all participants were asked to the seininars were instructive, productive, dends both to supervisors and their subordi­ describe the extent to which they felt their and informative and that they learned a nates. They have a multiplier effect for they supervisory abillties have changed as a re­ great deal, they had some reservations about give employees who take part in these pro­ sult of their participation in the seminars. the outcome and value of the seminars to grams the opportunity to keep abreast with Of the 28 who completed and returned the them. One reason cited was the fact that the developments in the political environment in November 2.8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38537

which local governments operate. Further­ that there is value in the case method both as to separate the "non-coms" from the more, they help to develop and to sharpen as a teaching and as a research tool in pub­ "generals". What kind of employees should the skills of the supervisor in dealing with lic administration. The case method has its participate? For what are they being trained controversial and touchy issues such as pub­ own weaknesses in that it cannot formulate for? How can they be encouraged to attend lic employee m111tancy, affirmative action a theory but it can check whether a theory all seminars as regularly as a young man programs required by HEW under the 1972 is empirically supportable or not. So, if the with romantic aspirations dates his sweet­ EEO Act, and productivity in government. ICMA is to be updated, it should not aban­ heart? What preventive measures should be Moreover, participants to in-service train­ don the case method. Rather, it should use used to reduce the number of "class skip­ ing programs, as Tables 1 and 2 show, could the case approach to lllustrate the problems pers"? What incentives can a city offer in improve some aspects of supervisor and sub­ most people are talking about these days: order to encourage more employee enthu­ ordinates' work performance. equal employment opportunity for minori­ siasm in personnel development, stimulate The case approach used in the bulletins of ties and women, affirmative action programs greater employee involvement, and attract the ICMA manual has proved to be a valuable to achieve EEO goals, and collective bar­ more teachers from academia who, while en-. teaching technique in stimulating group dis­ gaining in public employment. gaged in publishing and teaching, can also. cussions, problem-solving, and decision-mak­ If in-service training is going to bring share the benefits of their wisdom, expert ing. However, most of the criticisms about about the benefits it is capable of giving the ence, and research to public employees upon.. the cases in the manual are legitimate ones. process of selecting the training participants whose shoulders the delivery and quality ot In spite of such criticisms, it is my opinion must be used just like a fine tooth comb so public services fall?

TABLE 1 I Based on your readings, discussions and analyses of various phases of supervision during the 10-week seminar on effective supervisory practices, please describe the extent to which you feel your fob­ behavior has changed since the completion of the seminar]

Changes in supervisor's performance behavior Supervisory performance ability Better No change Worse Don't know Total

1. Your ability to frovide leadership to your subordinates.------19 8 0 1 28 2. Your concept o organization and managemenL------18 10 0 0 28 13 13 0 2 28 15 11 0 2 28 i:6. Your~~~~ selectionf~Y~~J~g~~~i~::~g~:~~r~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: and orientation of employees ______18 11 () 4 28 7. Your developing and maintaining discipline ______10 12 9 6 28 10 19 0 4 28 8. Your counseling of employees with emotional problems------__ _ 6 11 0 11 28 9. Your handling of employee complaints and grievances------12 10 0 6 28 10 14 0 4 28 ~~: ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~;l~t~'::sk_e:_~~~~~~~~~~::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 7 0 2 28

TABLE 2 [Based upon the following results, please describe the changes you have noticed in subordinate employees under your supervision since your participation in the 10-week seminarJ

Changes in subordinates Subordinates' attitudes, performance and behavior Better No change Worse Don't know Total

1. Qua lit}' of employee performance _____ ------___ ----- __ ------______9 16 0 3 28 2. Attitude and morale ______------__ ------______13 13 0 2 28 3. Employee concern for housekeeping ______------______------______11 13 0 4 28 4. Employee promptness ______• ______• __ • ______• ______.------_. ______• ____ _ 5 19 0 4 28 5. Employee attendance ______•• ______! .• _____ • ______5 19 0 4 28 6. Employee turnover ______------__ ------_____ -----______------______------1 23 0 4 28

SOVIET JEWRY apartment in Kiev searched on October PROGRESS IN CANCER 18 and shortly thereafter "disappeared." TREATMENT He is apparently in custody and has been HON. PETER A. PEYSER charged with "hooliganism." Feldman is OF NEW YORK alleged to have beaten an unidentified old HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER woman. A Kiev newspaper accused him IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the attack and consequently judged OF KANSAS Wednesday, November 28, 1973 him "guilty" before any trial. So far, no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, even as lawyer has agreed to defend Feldman Wednesday, November 28, 1973 we meet here today the terrible suffering against the charges. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, those of and persecution of Soviet Jews continues Mr. Speaker, cases such as these point us who have served in Congress during in Russia. These Jews are, as much as up what happens to dissident Jews or the last decade have seen a growth in ever, subject to harassment and intimi­ those who want to leave the Soviet Federal spending for cancer research dation by Russian authorities. The latest Union. These Jews are denied jobs, have from next to nothing to more than a half round of semioffi.cial persecution oc­ their homes thoroughly searched, are un­ billion dollars annually. Many forms of curred this month throughout Russia in able to get lawyers, and see their famllies cancer still plague us, but notable prog­ a series of "trials" for purported crimes suffer as well. Many more Jews would ap­ ress has been made in finding ways to by Jews. treat these diseases. Under leave to ex­ One such victim is Leonid Zabilishen­ ply for exit visas were it not for the fact that those who do go through years of tend my remarks, I am enclosing an in­ sky, an activist in the small Jewish com­ formative article entitled "Progress In munity of Sverlovsk. He had applied for terrible suffering and anxiety. Cancer Treatment," which appeared in an exit visa back in November 1971; he Russia cannot expect to receive most­ the October 1973 issue of the American has yet to receive it. He is now under in­ favored-nation status in trade matters Cancer Society's Kansas News. The vestigation for "parasitism," due to the if such treatment continues. We must article was written by Dr. LeeS. Fent of fact that he has not been able to find em­ not grant special favors to a nation that Newton, Kans. ployment. Police have apparently refuses to allow its citizens to emigrate The article follows: searched his apartment and confiscated and harasses them when they remain. If PROGRESS IN CANCER TREATX!:NT bank records. our detente with the Soviet Union is to (By LeeS. Fent, M.D.) Aleksandr Feldman, who also applied continue, it cannot be at the price of the With the use of specific antibiotics 1n the for an exit visa 2 years ago, had his loss of basic human rights and dignity. treatment of bacterial diseases during the 38538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 past 30 years, patients have come to expect a that hormones may play a part in such in­ Project Catch-up is designed to pro­ pill or injection for the cure of almost all hibition of growth to a limited extent, but vide remedial instruction in reading and diseases suffered by mankind. more probably body immunity to the abnor­ mathematics to disadvantaged children The development of cancer chemother&py mal cell also plays a major part. The devel­ in schools serving a low socioeconomic gives promise as a method by which many opment of such an immunization offers an suburban area of the Newport-Mesa Uni­ cancer types may be successfully treated. exciting and promising challenge at the pres­ Specifically, such treatment means the treat­ ent time. fied School District which serves Costa ment of cancer with drugs which wm either The evaluation of human immune func­ Mesa and Newport Beach, Calif., chil­ kill or retard the growth of malignant cells. tion is at prese:qt being vigorously investi­ dren are selected for participation Many thousands of chemicals have been and gated at the Kansas University School of on the basis of educational need, those are being evaluated for use in this field. Medicine with cooperation of many Kansas who have scored in the lowest quartile on Since cancer is not one but many different physicians. Such clinical research promises standardized achievement tests in read­ diseases it is unlikely that a single drug wm to add stlll another weapon in our continued ing. be developed to treat cancer in all of its conquest of cancer. The project was established, using title forms. At the present, several drugs are being successfully used for specific cancer types. I funds. Now in its seventh year of oper­ Much research and experimentation needs to ation, Project Catch-Up has served sev­ be accomplished to achieve the total success SPECIAL SCHOOL PROJECT eral thousand racially and ethnically we hope for. In this frontier of cancer treat­ AWARD heterogeneous children in grades kinder­ ment two goals are sought--the first being garten through 8 with noteworthy suc­ the cure of specific cancer types and second, cess. the palliation and control of those many HON. ANDREW J. HINSHAW Major emphasis is placed on the diag­ forms of cancer which are at present not nosis of learning problems through ex­ curable. By palliation, we hope to extend OF CALIFORNIA tensive use of criterion-referenced and useful life span and prevent suffering in a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manner s1mllar to the present treatment o! standardized test instruments. Learning diabetes and heart disease. Wednesday, November 28, 1973 experiences are individually prescribed The basic ambition in chemotherapy is to Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I am and are provided by a special staff of cer­ provide a drug which will klll, starve or stop justly proud of the Newport-Mesa Uni­ tificated part-time teachers and instruc­ reproduction o! cancer cells without harm to fied School District for an award pre­ tional aides in a special "laboratory" en­ our normal body cells. At the present time vironment. this principle is only partially &ttained in sented by Sidney P. Marland, Jr., As­ sistant Secretary for Education. Each project teacher is responsible for that the margin between that dose of medi­ no more than 18 children, while instruc­ cation which w1ll stop the cancer cell is near Project Catch-up of the NeWPort-Mesa that level which will kill or severely injure Unified School District in NeWPort Beach tional aides work with 10 and perform the normal body cells. and Costa Mesa, Calif., was chosen as essentially the same roles as the teachers. Needless to say, the use of such potent one of 10 ESEA title I projects to be Each teacher or aide works with four drugs should be prescribed by physicians exhibited by the U.S. Office of Education . children at a time for approximately 20 knowledgeable in the action of such medica­ at the ED Fair 1973 because it achieved minutes per day. The children are taken tions, and such treatment must be with to an outstanding degree its stated ob­ out of their regular classrooms at ,times close medical supervision. jectives in meeting the educational needs when neither reading nor math is being At the present, cancer chemotherapy is taught. curative in some types of neuroblastoma, of children. At the fair Project Catch-up choriocarcinoma., Wilm's tumor, and tera­ represented region IX, which includes The laboratories are large, attractive, tocarcinoma. These are uncommon cancer the States of California, Nevada, Ari­ and replete with high-interest materials types. zona, Hawaii, and Pacific Trust Terri­ which serve, along with other character­ As a palliative measure for other forms of tories. istics of the project, to elicit a positive at­ cancer, especially when non-operable metas­ The project director, Mrs. Fay Harbi­ titude toward learning in participating tasis has occurred, life may be extended for son, and Mrs. Jean England, a title I children. It is clear that they enjoy the many years by retarding, or holding in check, teacher, appeared at the fair to present project and experience little, if any, of the growth of malignant cells. the stigma that is often associated with Chemotherapeutic drugs may be divided in twe programs to invited representatives of the educational community, State su­ remedial programs. Developing a posi­ several classes as follows: tive attitude toward self and project is Hormones: Th~ substances are normally perintendents of schools, and their staffs. produced by the endocrine glands in our Additionally, they hostessed an exhibit also the objective of several special bodies and serve to regulate the growth of booth which displayed representative events such as a Mexican Fair put on certain normal body cells. When cells of this equipment and instructional materials each year by the title I children for the type become malignant (change to cancer used successfully by title I staff mem­ entire school. cells), they may still be influenced by specific The project's instructional personnel­ controlling hormones. Examples of such bers. teachers and aides-are held responsible hormones are thyroid, male and female sex Selection of the 10 projects chosen to for the achievement gains of the pupils, hormones. Treatment with hormones of these represent the title I program throughout types can at times control cancer of the the country was made on the basis of which are expected to equal 1.5 grade­ breast, some uterine cancer and certain can­ validated standardized test scores which equivalent months per month in reading cers of the thyroid gland. Other hormones measured the progress made by children and 1.0 months per month in math. They and their effect on cancer cells are being at in reading and math skills. The certifi­ are free to use whatever teaching tech­ present intensely investigated. cate of merit, which was presented to niques they wish in order to achieve these The Alkylating drugs are those which pre­ objectives and are given exceptional ad­ vent the multiplication of cancer cells by Mrs. Harbison for the .Project at a ban­ ministrative support in the form of im­ blocking the action of D.N.A., an essential quet at the Kennedy Center on May 10, mediate processing of requests for mate­ complex substance within the nucleus of the reads: rials, supplies, inservice, and encourage­ cell. The principle of successful therapy here Certification of Merit, Presented to, Project is the fact that many cancer cells are more Catch-up, California in recognition of out­ ment to advance their own professional fragile with respect to structure tl:!an are standing service in the field of Education. levels. normal cells. The Project was developed, at least in part, Th:e Anttmetabolites are drugs which with funds provided by the Education Divi­ starve cancer c.::lls by interference with food sion of the Department of Health, Education, absorption of the cell. Here again the aim and Welfare. From among the many sub­ OMB-THE SUPERAGENCY toward success is the fact that many cance! mitted for validation and exhibition at ED cells, through uncontrolled rapid growth, re­ Fair '78, it was chosen as an exemplary prac­ quire nourishment in greater quantities to tice, worthy of being exhibited to those at­ HON. RICHARD T. HANNA survive than do normal cells. tending the Fair and offered by the Educa­ OF CALXFORNXA Immunity factors present perhaps the most tion Division to other State and Local school IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exciting research challenge at the present officials for possible use or adaptation in their time, for we have observed that in many systems. On behalf of the Department, I am Wednesday, November 28, 1973 pleased to bestow this Special Recognition on types of cancer living cells will at times lie Mr. Mr. dormant for many years only to suddenly the Staff of the project and on its partici­ HANNA. Speaker, I know that become activated at such time when con­ pants. May 10, 1978. Sidney P. Marland, Jr., I am not alone in my concern over the trolling factors are removed. It is believed Assistant Secretary for Education. growing power of the Office of Manage- November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38539 ment and Budget. Many members have But OMB was not persuaded by HUD's Mr. Speaker, I insert in the RECORD expressed this concern with respect to case. Sources at OMB said some of HOD's an article from the New York Times de­ budget analysis was faulty. OMB felt that specific policy matters and spec~c pieces HUD did not come to grips with a. basic scribing the trip the Navy ship made on of legislation. I believe that, Since the question: Should housing allowances be used fuel which was converted from coal. power of OMB is power that may ~e held only for housing, or should they be part of The article follows: accountable to neither the public nor a broader range of welfare reforms? NAVY TESTS DESTROYER POWERED BY A LIQUID the Congress, that every available inci­ OMB was unhappy that HUD's proposals DERIVED FRoM CoAL dence of the exercise of this power were made public before OMB had time to (By Wayne King) should be placed in the public record. complete work on them. Some OMB officials PHILADELPHIA, November 15.-A World War This is doubly true when we find the felt HUD was trying to rally public opinion II Navy destroyer, the U.S.S. Johnston, spokesmen for the administration deny­ behind its proposals and make it more diffi­ steamed out of port here today to become ing the influence that OMB has brought cult for OMB to change them. the first ship in history to use coal-derived When HUD Secretary James T. Lynn went oil to power its engines. to bear on them and their policies. A to Capitol Hlll to discuss housing with Mem­ matter before the Housing Subcommit­ Beyond its historical import, the short bers of Congress. O'Neill [Associate Director one-day cruise of the Johnston, both military tee at this time is a case in point: at OMB) went with him. HUD sources said and civilian officials said, will likely have Last January the administration, OMB finally recommended-and the Presi­ great practical significance to an increasing­ showing a callous disregard for the hous­ dent agreed-not to move on housing before ly fuel-starved nai(ion. ing needs of low- and moderate-income developing a broader package of welfare Initial impressions indicated that the pilot families, suspended the operations of the reform. test of the fuel to fire the steam generating housing subsidy programs. We were This report, Mr. Speaker, makes clear boilers of the Johnston was a succ-ess, al­ promised a thorough review of the pro­ to us all what many of us suspected, but though a detailed analysis has yet to be grams and a new and better housing completed. More important, Government offi­ which the spokesmen for HUD cannot cials predicted that, with Congressional ap­ package. That new package was revealed bring themselves to admit-that, when it proval of the large outlays needed for con­ last month and was, to say the least, a comes to housing policy, OMB calls the struction of coal-conversion plants to pro­ bitter disappointment. The cornerstone shots. duce the fuel, fairly widespread use of it as of the plan-at least, the only part of it a. petroleum substitute may be only a few that one could argue is innovative-is years away. the proposal for a direct housing assist­ For more than a year, the Navy has been NAVY TESTS DESTROYER POWERED working with the Department of the Interior ance payment to the poor. But the ad­ BY A LIQUID DERIVED FROM ministration is not prepared to request to develop a. clean-burning, economical sub­ COAL stitute for the petroleum-based fuels that its enactment. After 9 months of study, the Navy consumes at the rate of 42 million they want to study the idea for another gallons a. year. year and then request its enactment as HON. CARL D. PERKINS If all goes as planned, the coal-derived oil a plan to be put into effect in stages over will begin replacing petroleum fuels in Navy a period of up to 10 years. Many of us 0"6' KENTUCKY vessels in about three years, and will ulti­ were frankly suspicious of the sincerity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mately-within a. decade-account for about of the administration. On the one hand, Wednesday, November 28, 1973 half of the fieet's total consumption. HUD Secretary James Lynn and his aides Beyond that, the Department of the In­ speak very enthusiastically about the Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, on No­ terior's Office of Coal Research-an agency vember 15, a significant and historic that began 12 years ago with a. relatively housing allowance as the answer to a meager $1-million budget and will spend serious national program. Then, after event took place which should be no­ ticed by the House-especially now that $122-milUon this year-already has in opera­ making a good case, they say, "But we tion a pilot coal liquefaction plant in Prince­ need to study it more." we are in a severe energy crisis. ton, N.J., with another under construction Mr. Speaker, many of us suspected On that date, the U.S.S. Johnston, a in Tacoma, Wash. Two pilot plants to con­ that we were not hearing the clear, un­ Navy destroyer, sailed out of Philadelphia vert coal to gas are also in operation, with fettered voice of the Secretary and his with its engines burning oil which had a third being built. staff which had just spent 9 months been derived from coal. COAL-CONVERSION PLANTS studying this subject. We have been con­ That oil came from a project that Within a decade, said Paul R. Jordan of fident that we were again hearing the started 12 years ago, but I think the the Office of Coal Research, the Interior De­ voice of OMB speaking through a major House should know that as far back as partment hopes to have assisted in develop­ Department. The spokesman for HUD the late 1940's and early 1950's we were ment of a. number of privately owned and just pennies away from a process that operated coal conversion plants, each capable has denied this, however. After an in!or­ of producing 250 mill1on cubic feet of gas mal off-the-record discussion of the would have converted coal to liquid fuel. The Interior Department had adem­ a day-enough for a city of a half a mlllion housing program sponsored by the Li­ people-and 60,000 to 100,000 barrels of syn­ brary of Congress several weeks ago, two onstration plant operating at Louisiana, thetic fuel oil a day. members of my staff put the question of Mo., but, unfortunately, the administra­ Although the Navy today became the first OMB's influence to Assistant Secretary tion in office then refused to include to make use of the new fuel, both naval and Mike Moscow. Mr. Moscow flatly denied an appropriation recommendation in its other officials said its development was budget back in 1952, and the demonstra­ keyed heavily to civilian use. that OMB had any influence on the de­ tion plants were phased out. Though the coal gasification and liquida­ cision to study further, rather than now That was a shortsighted mistake-a tion prospect has been under way for almost seek enactment of, the housing allow­ case of being pennywise but dollar fool­ 10 years, the recently developed fuel crisis ance plan. has given it new and accelerated emphasis. Mr. Speaker, I wanted to be able to ish, and at least part of the instigation of The Navy, according to Rear Adm. Ran­ take Mr. Moscow at his word on this it was from other E:nergy sources, who did dolph w. King, who answered questions at a matter; however, the October 27, 1973, not want to see coal getting greater use. news conference at the Philadelphia Naval Now we all are having to pay for that Base prior to the sailing of the Johnston, is issue of the National Journal Reports mistake and I hope we are benefitting interested in the coal liquefaction process makes this impossible. In its feature from i~at least to the extent of going as a means of guaranteeing an uninterrupted article on OMB, HUD and its housing all-out with the necessary research and fuel supply regardless of the political situa­ recommendation is offered as a classic construction of other pilot plants, in our tion in the Middle East or other oil-produc­ example of OMB calling the shots on an coal areas such as eastern Kentucky. ing areas. agency's policies. I quote directly from At present, he said, coal supplies in the Billions' of tons of coal are available United States are adequate for at least an­ the article: for our energy needs for the Nation, and The HUD sta.tr settled on housing allow­ other 100 years. Other estimates have ranged ances that would let poor people shop around we should make maximum use of this up to 500 years and more. for their own housing. When HUD formally resource as soon as possible. Moreover, both Admiral King and the In­ presented its draft of the housing study to We should also be going ahead on the terior Department sources said the ultimate OMB in August, it proposed that a housing­ training of the thousands of workers who projected cost of production of the synthetic allowance program go into effect in stages will be needed in the coal industry, and fuel oil would average $4.50 to $5 a barrel, beginning next year. and engineers. compared to $5.25 a. barrel for the fuel now 38540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 used. This estimate, however. takes into con­ The fuel is thicker than others used by the TEaS IS PROGRESS? sideration the selling of byproducts from the Navy, however, and cannot be poured at tem­ One day recently we planned to make a 20- liquefaction process to reduce the over-all peratures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, a minute :flight from Washington National cost. problem in some situations. Further process­ Airport. The weather was CAVU. First, we Moreover, Mr. Jordan of the Coal Research ing may improve this, however, ofiicia..Is said. called clearance delivery. Because Washing­ Ofiice projected capital outlays for construc­ ton has been declared a terminal control tion of coal conversion plants at $5 billion area, everything that moves is handled as an over the next decade or so. Present plans IFR fiight-including a 20-minute local call for a joint effort by the Federal Govern­ CONTROL TOWERS fiight in CAVU weather. ment and private industry, with the process The frequency was so jammed it was 12 ultimately to become entirely private enter­ minutes before we got a clearance. Then prise. HON. GENE SNYDER switch to ground control; another 9 minutes. Actual plant construction beyond the pilot OF KENTUCKY Then to local control frequency for takeotl' clearance. We were finally airborne 34 min­ stage, however, would require Congressional IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appropriations. utes after setting out to make that 20-min­ Both naval and Interior Department of­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 ute fiight. ficials were optimistic about the prospects The FAA calls this progress. We think it's for large-scale coal conversion in the rela­ Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, for the high-handed and an outrage; it's one of the tively near future, however. Although of­ convenience of the readers of the RECORD many reasons general aviation just quietly ficials could not come up with a specific and the Members interested in general tries to avoid TCAs--which is precisely what figure, the coal derived fuel that powered aviation, I am inserting an editorial from the FAA really wanted all along. the Johnston without incident today ferry­ the November issue of the AOPA Pilot. The airport itself? It wasn't busy; if we'd ing newsmen on the first leg of her pilot The editorial follows: been operating by the old FAA standards for cruise, cost many times the $4 to $5 figure the same airport, where the user instead of that the Government ultimately hopes to FEATHERBEDDING the system came first, we'd have been otl' the attain for coal-derived fuel oil-which can For the year 1973 the FAA programmed ground within 10 minutes. There was abun­ be used in almost identical form to heat 56 low-activity control towers for installa­ dant time and space available on the field homes and a somewhat more refined version tion and operation at airports throughout Itself, all going idle while the TCA "control to fuel jet aircraft. the country. They have an arbitrary criterion congestion" (which is what they tell Con­ The economic success of the project rests for telling themselves when an airport gress this featherbedding is, when asking for on the economies of extremely large-scale "needs" a tower. Once it does, they then ask more money) was taking place. production in plants that were estimated for the money. If Congress approves, and it Ten years ago Washington National to cost from one-third to three-quarters of invariably does, in the towers go. ranked No. 4 in the country; today it is No. ' a billion dollars each to construct. Considering the breath-taking size of FAA's 22. In those 10 years its total plane move­ It was not made clear whether the Govern.. $2.126 billion annual budget, and the in­ ments have increased just 11 percent, al­ ment's per barrel cost estimates for the creasing concern of general aviation for its though the cost and complexity of operating synthetic fuel included the initial costs of very existence, there are other points about all the equipment and procedures has gone plant construction. these 66 towers that the public should know. sky high. The FAA, of course, waves the same The coal-derived fuel itself should be ac­ General aviation (unlike the way FAA tattered fiag: "It's in the interest of safety!" ceptable to environmentalists, ofiicials said, treats the airlines) was never asked whether The safety record at National was perfect as it 1s of very low sulphur content, and will it had a requirement for any or all of them. 10 years ago, as it is now. All that's changed burn cleaner than the fuels used now by the Nor is general aviation even aware of the is that the taxpayer has been 1leeced, the con­ scope of the way FAA makes its arbitrary Navy. trollers are being badgered and regimented It is also possible to d1st111 the synthetic standards. So far as we can determine, no needlessly, and general aviation is being oil in much the same manner as petroleum one in general aviation even knows how the driven out. crude oil and thus convert it to higher FAA decided on its own to spend an average grades, including gasoline. $250,000 per tower; the 66 come to $14,000,- 000. Nor were we consulted about the aver­ CONVERSION PROCESS age sta.fiing, which (FAA decided) averages TRffiUTE TO FRANK TODD The synthetic oil 1s obtained by a process eight people and comes to an average of MEACHAM called pyrolysis, in which the coal is crushed $123,000 per tower per year. That's another and then decomposed by use of heat, pres­ $6,888,000, which brings the figure to $20,- sure and catalysts. This is followed by hydro­ 888,000 that first year. So the average cost gen treatment that alters the substance for'these "little" FAA towers is $373,000 each. HON. LAMAR BAKER chemically to produce a synthetic oil-like You've heard a lot about cost allocation 0:1' TENNESSEE fuel. studies and plans. That DOT group came up IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The process requires roughly a ton of coal with many arbitrary figures. Taking the en­ to produce one barrel of oil. However, also tire FAA cost for such fa.c111tles-again with­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 produced is some 12,000 pounds of char, out any general aviation indication of actual Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, Frank Todd which can be further processed for extrac­ need-they concocted the arbitrary figure of Meacham of Chattanooga, Tenn., was a tion of fuels, and over 8,000 cubic feet of 30 percent, which is the figure that general giant of a man. His untimely passing gas. aviation would be expected to pay for every­ In general, ofiicials at the news conference thing in the system, needed or not. Of course, this year robbed his community and his said, the coal fields of the Midwest and West we have disagreed both with the system, as State of a dedicated public servant with produce the best type of coal for this process, presently constituted, and with the exorbi­ a record of many years of distinguished a fact that is not expected to gain a warm tant expenditures--repeatedly, and for years. service. reception in coal-rich Eastern states like Nevertheless, the first part of the DOT report Frank Todd Meacham was possessed Pennsylvania and West Virginia that are has just been issued, and general aviation's of many rare qualities. His understand­ searching for ways to again utilize largely 30 percent stands. ing of the political process from top to abandoned coal fields. Just take those 66 "little" towers. Apply Renewed efforts to make extensive use of that SO-percent figure. That means you and bottom was better than any contempo­ coal is expected to run into stiff resistance I must pay directly $6,266,400 for them. We rary in Tennessee. Therefore, he was re­ by environmentalists who oppose the ravages can't help but wonder if general aviation spected by friend and foe 3.1ike. His word, of strip mining, still the most economic pilots at Ma.rysv1lle, Calif., Bloomington, Ind., in connection with a commitment, was as method of mining coal in most cases. Cape Girardeau, Mo., and the 63 other loca­ good as his bond. . Samples of the coal-derived fuel oil passed tions knew of this plan. And do they realize Republican politicians in particular, out to reporters appeared roughly the color that these towers are not being "given to and consistency of crankcase motor oil at them by Washington" as a gift? Are they and a multitude of Democrats as well. about the time it badly needs changing. Its willing to say fiatly that they want and need from the State of Tennessee, the south­ odor was somewhat sweetish, with the rather them anyway, regardless of cost? land, and the Nation as a whole, w1ll sharp, astringent cast of a disinfectant. It's too late to go through such a demo­ miss his counsel and his reservoir of Early tests, indicated a strong coal-tar odor cratic process, and the towers go in whether when the substance was burned, suggesting users want them or not, and at the excessive information. it might prove too otrensive for boiler room costs the FAA has contrived. A<:. a tribute to Frank Todd Meacham, personnel. As we said in our August editorial, these I place the following resolution in the A seaman in the engine room today said, 56 towers are just one small example. They REcoRD. It was adopted recently by the however, that the odor was acceptable and represent a tiny 1.4 percent of the FAA's 1974 Hamilton County Womens' Republican that the fuel seemed to perform in a manner budget. But they are a shocking insight into the reason the FAA has gotten completely Club and set forth many things we indistinguishable from the usual petroleum should remember about this unusual oil, except for what appeared to be a slightly out of control with its pseudo-scientific brighter :flame. featherbedding. man. The resolution follows: November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38541 HAMILTON COUNTY WoMENS' REPUBLICAN CLUB velt as freedom was engendered over 32 ning author: "But man is not made for de­ RESOLUTION ON THE PASSING OF HoN. years ago. Freedom of speech and ex­ feat. A man can be destroyed, but not de­ FRANK TODD MEACHAM, REGISTER-AT-LARGE feated.'' Callas said, "Kennedy was physically pression. Freedom of worship. Freedom destroyed a.t Dallas, but his spirit was not OF THE HAMILTON COUNTY ELECTION COM• from want. And freedom from fear. MISSION defeated, for death only conquers bodies, not I am grateful for those blessings, but I ideals. His spirit still inspires lovers of free­ Whereas, Almighty God, in His inscrutible am also thankful for another deep dom. wisdom, removed from our midst Frank Todd source of inspiration: John F. Kennedy, "To those who still mourn his death, gain Meacham, on September 6, 1973, in the very strength and faith in knowing that what is sa.me week the citizenry of our community who will always be remembered by lovers of freedom. remembered is never lost! And there is much were planning to honor him a.t a. luncheon to remember about John Fitzgerald Kennedy. occasion, and One of the many speeches made on the America. was proud of him-and so was the Whereas, Frank Todd Meacham, had served lOth anniversary of that beloved presi­ world," concluded Callas in his 20 minute well in the ra.nk-a.nd-flle of the Republican dent's assassination was by my admin­ address with the lOth anniversary of Presi­ party, and yet became a. candidate for the istrative assistant, Stephen G. Callas, who dent Kennedy's assassination about to be United States Senate a.t a. time when his was accurate in pointing out that Presi­ observed. party was a.t its nadir, and Whereas, Frank Todd Meacham, through dent Kennedy gave America "a new the long lean years of his party's position spirit and a new hope." Th~t is the way seemed to be cast permanently in the minor­ he will be remembered by millions of THE POSSffiLE USE OF SOLAR ity, he remained a. loyal, indefatigable la­ Americans-and I remember him with ENERGY borer in the political vineyard, never despair­ respect and love. Steve also concluded his ing that in God's good time, the Republican speech by stating what is another fact HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS party would rise from the ashes like a. about President Kennedy: "America was :flaming Phoenix to a. position of power on proud of him-and so was the world." OF CALIFORNIA all levels of government, and, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whereas, Frank Todd Meacham's personal I hereby include a newspaper article and public callings gave honor to Webster's covering Stephen callas' speech from the Wednesday, November 28, 1973 definition of the word "Politician," a.s one Atom Tabloid, of Woodbridge, N.J.: Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would versed in the science of the governance of PATTEN'S AmE REMINDS Us OF JOHN F. like to call to the attention of my col­ men, and KENNEDY leagues an article by Colman McCarthy Whereas, Frank Todd Meacham, was a. civic EDISON.-President John F. Kennedy gave published in the Washington Post on minded expert in the political arena., yet he America "a new spirit and a. new hope," ac­ was also a. devoted husband, a. proud father cording to Stephen G. Callas, administrative Tuesday, November 20 concerning the and a.n honored attorney-at-law, and withal aide to U.S. Rep. Edward J. Patten (D-15th potential uses of solar energy. a. beloved figure of all the citizenry of his Dist.) as the lOth anniversary of JFK's as­ In light of the present energy crisis, city, State and Nation, without regard to sassination neared. I concur with our former colleague the political affiliation, race or creed, and Callas spoke on "John F. Kennedy in Ret­ Honorable George Miller, who was one Whereas, as befitting him sterling quali­ rospect" before the United Democra.ts of of our most distinguished and influential ties of mind and heart, we believe that the Edison at the Fireside Lounge there. He Members as chairman of the House Com­ words of the poet Arthur Hugh Clough well noted that, "Carl Sandburg reminded us that exemplify his spirit and his vision of our man cannot live without hope-and hope mittee on Science and Astronautics~ worldly fortunes to wit: was the rich legacy that John Kennedy left quoted in the article stating that- Many scientists and engineers dismiss solar "For while the tired waves, vainly breaking, us-hope that is unconquerable-hope that refuses to die." energy because they think it too far out or seem here no painful inch to gain, conceptually inefficient by current engineer­ Far back, through creeks and inlets mak­ Patten's aide cited some of the creative legislation Kennedy not only signed into law, ing standards. However, we cannot afford ing, the luxury of this easy attitude . . . the Comes silent, :flooding in, the main. but advocated-legislation Callas called "un­ heralded." Domestic gains he listed included: nation today depends on a. host of operat­ "And not by eastern windows only, area. redevelopment, education TV, tra.1ning ing technologies which were quite unknown When daylight comes, comes in the light; nurses and doctors, mental health, manpower only 25 years ago. In front the sun climbs slow, how slowly, training, the first presidential advisory coun­ The articJe follows: But westward, look, the land is bright." cil on the arts, and 34 straight months of LETTING THE SUN SHINE IN Therefore Be it resolved that a. copy of economic grqwth. these resolutions be spread on the minutes. Callas also lauded some of Kennedy's in­ (By Colman McCarthy) of this organization and a. copy be sent to novations in foreign affairs: the Peace Corps, Two years ago this month, writing in The the family of the deceased. U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Smithsonian magazine, environmentalist Trade Expansion Act, Nuclear Test Ban Wilson Clark sounded a note that has the Treaty, a. full-scale outer space program, Al­ ring of this morning's front page: liance for Progress agreement, and the Cuban Energy, the handmaiden of man's prog­ missile crisis victory, called by English Prime ress through the centuries, is in the deepest JOHN F. KENNEDY: "A NEW SPffiiT Minister Harold Macmillan, "one of the great trouble. Demand in the United States for all AND A NEW HOPE" turning points in history." sources of energy is rising a.t a. steady five per The speaker said that Dana. Burnet's words cent, and demand for electricity alone is sky­ reminded him of Kennedy: "The dreamer rocketing at nine per cent per year-it is HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN dies, but never dies the dream," Said Callas, doubling every decade. Continuation of this OF NEW JERSEY "President Kennedy's dream still lives, be­ trend is clearly impossible, given the current IN THE HOUSE OF RE.PRESENTATIVES cause it is the dream of all people and all means of obtaining energy. In a few decades nations-the quest for victory over what he there will be no oil for conversion to elec­ Wednesday, November 28, 1973 called 'a. struggle against the commOB tricity or for transportation, nor will there Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, last Thurs­ enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, be any natural gas, the cleanest burning fos­ and war itself.' Somehow, Kennedy generated sil fuel ... Thus the energy crisis, one that day, millions of Americans, and millions the feeling that if anyone could conquer has little to do with summertime difficulties of persons throughout the world, observed those enemies, he could be the one.'' of power companies or the political consider­ the lOth anniversary of the assassination Historians, he said, will rate Kennedy a.s ations of importing Mideast on. It requires of President John F. Kennedy, who was a. good president with the promise of great­ recognition of the fact that our energy re­ such an inspiration to mankind. ness. "I believe he would have prevented the sources are dwindling, the bitter realization I'm sure that hundreds of speeches Vietnam quagmire. He was a superbly that at some not-so-distant hour the party were made about the brief, but promising balanced president whose popularity index will be over. was the highest of our last five presidents: The significance of Clark's article was not. presidency of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 70 percent. Most of the Great Society legisla­ just that it had the jump on today's head­ because he represented "a new spirit and tion was conceived by JFK-from Medicare lines but that it focused on the potential a new hope." It was ironic to me that to aid to education-but President Johnson uses of solar energy. Clark proposed solar the lOth anniversary of that sad and got the credit." energy as one of the major solutions to the tragic day-November 22, 1963-fell on When Kennedy was assassinated, "never in energy alarm. It was possible to dismiss his. Thanksgiving Day. history was the world so saddened on the view two years ago as fanciful dreaming, death of a. U.S. president, for the loss was another one of those distant stars-like Mr. Speaker, I am thankful for many universal ln scope and impact. steam-powered cars, protein from petro­ blessings in this great country, and I "I remember Hemingway's indomitable leum-that occasionally shoots through the often think of the four freedoms pro­ Santiago and I think of Kennedy's spirit" sky of American technology. But now, two claimed by Presi!fent Franklin D. Roose- said Callas, who quoted the Nobel prize-win- years later, solar energy is being taken seri- 38542. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973 ously. In Congress last week, the Solar Heat­ dw1ndUng fossil fuels. I'm no alarmist, but answered and answered fully. Many people ing and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1973 unless we begin now to change over, we will are "tired of Watergate" and would rather had 170 co-sponsors. It offers a $50 million face serious food shortages soon." Clark is see if forgotten. But we must remember that research program to show in three to five not alone in his assessment. it 1s like a cancer which, even when ignored. years that solar energy is practical and How soon could the nation begin using continues to fester and destroy life. The life economical. solar energy in a large way? Clark believes of our country 1s based on the faith of its By definition, solar energy is the power of two decades, but he makes some presump .. people in the democratic system. When this the sun. At its simplest, this can be demon­ tions. One is that we will begin getting leader­ system falters, the strength of America is strated when sunlight streams through the ship from the White House and business-­ that we can "begin anew". Let us not let window of a house, warming the room beyond not pep talk chatter about lowering the speed the torch dim again. the normal temperature. At its most complex, llmlt and thermostats. Solar energy has been solar energy can be used in processes to gen­ mentioned in presidential messages but an erate electricity, to heat and air condition urgency is lacking. We are mistaken to think buildings, to generate furnaces that can reach that once the gas and oil run out, then we 4,000 degrees. "Much of this is complex can switch over immediately to sun power. ODIE M. HOOVER PASSES technology," says Clark, a writer ("Energy It doesn't work that way because fossil fuel For Survival" to be published by Doubleday must first be used to build the solar equip­ next year) and consultant for the Environ­ ment. If we are short of fossil fuels and keep HON. LOUIS STOKES mental Policy Center, "but much of it is wasting it a.t the current rate of profligacy, OF OHIO basically simple. For example, to heat a house then we will have none to build economically or small office building, glass collectors are feasible solar systems. We w11l be out in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES built on the roof or sides to trap the heat cold in more ways than one. Wednesday, November 28, 1973 from the sun's rays. This technology has been Rep. George P. Miller (D-Ca.lif.), chairman used for years in private houses and office of the House Committee on Science and Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, on No­ buildings. The experiments proved workable Astronautics, said recently that many scien­ vember 7, 1973, one of Cleveland's most and the designs were perfected. But the ini­ tists and engineers dismiss solar energy distinguished and internationally known tial cost was high, so the idea did not spread. "because they think it too far out or con­ citizens departed this life. The Rev. Odie But the costs would not be high in the long ceptually inefficient by current engineering M. Hoover was a gifted orator, a dedi­ run." The latter is a hard concept in America standards. To my mind, however, we cannot cated minister, a civil rights leader, and where we live short run: discarding cars in a afford the luxury of this easy attitude. The couple of years, throwing away paper and stakes are too high. Moreover . . . the nation a man who was able to infiuence the meals used but once, tearing down usable today depends on a host of operating tech­ political spectrum of our city and the office buildings. So little is built for per­ nologies which were quite unknown only 25 Nation. I had the privilege of personally manence that much of the economy depends years ago." enjoying his warm and enduring friend­ on wastefulness. But once a solar energy unit ship. He made a significant impact upon 1s installed, it can work for decades. my life and that of my brother, Carl B. Clark recently found examples of this in Stokes, the former Mayor of Cleveland, Florida where solar hot water heaters built KEVIN DAVEY in the 1920s are still working well today. Ohio. He was a man who walked with A reason the solar heaters did not spread kings and yet never lost the common nationally was the turn to natural gas and HON. SAM GIBBONS touch. Mr. Speaker, I submit his obituary on in the 1930s; the market on solar heating so that my colleagues can read about trailed off. But now, 40 years later, when gas OF FLORIDA my friend, the late Reverend Odie M. and on are trailing off, the sensible economics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hoover: of solar heating still persists. The high initial Wednesday, November 28, 1973 OBITUARY cost is easily offset by the low lifetime oper­ Hast thou not known? Hast thou not ating costs. For example, a University of Mr. GffiBONS. Mr. Speaker, Mr. P. heard, that the everlasting God, the Lord, Florida survey of solar hot water heaters Kevin Davey, a member of Florida Blue the creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth reported a homeowner in Ft. Lauderdale who Key, the Men's Leadership Honorary not, neither is weary? There 1s no searching installed a 180 gallon tank for $1,500, an un­ organization at the University of Flor­ of his understanding. He giveth power to the usually expensive unit. Despite this, he ex­ ida, was the general chairman of home­ faint: And to them that have no might he pects to save more than $175 per year in increaseth strength. Even the youths shall prevailing electricity costs. Thus, in less than coming this year. At the Florida Blue Key Banquet on Friday, November 16, faint and be weary, and young men shall ut­ 10 years he will make up the $1,500 invest­ terly fall: But they that walt upon the Lord ment, and thereafter have almost free hot 1973, he delivered a speech, though short shall renew their strength: They shall mount water heating. in length, was long in thought. · up with wings as eagles: They shall run, and When he first began researching solar This message, coming from one of our not be weary, and they shall walk. and not energy, Clark believed, like most people, that young leaders, I believe is thought-pro­ falnt.-Isiah 40:28-31. it meant only building the technology to trap voking and should be an inspiration to The Reverend Odie Millard Hoover, Jr. was sunlight. "It's much more than that," he now born in NashvUle, Tennessee, September 21, says. "Before the last few decades of large all of us. It follows: TIRED OF WATERGATE 1921. He was the son of Susie and Odie M. exploitation of fossil fuels, our food system Hoover, Sr. was based on solar energy, not on energy. Next Thursday, November 22, 1973, markS the loth Anniversary of the assassination of He received his early education in the Currently, our supply of food is precarious public schools of Nashville, Tennessee where because the agricultural system is heavily John F. Kennedy. the man who ign.lted the country with the words, he graduated with honors in 1941 and was dependent on oU. It takes, for example, about the recipient of the Cameron Award for ten calories of oil to give us one calorie of "Let the word go forth from this time and Scholarship. He attended Tennessee A & I food. Huge amounts of oil are used not just place ... the torch has been passed to a new State University where he majored in Sci­ for the planting and harvesting machines, generation of Americans ... So let us begin ence. He studied music at Fisk University but oil is also used to make the synthetic anew." 20th January 1961. under the late Professor John Work. His fertllizers and pesticides. It need not be this And so, with impregnable faith in the under-graduate work which was done at the way. On the farms, rather than making our ideals upon which it is founded, the country American Baptist Theological Seminary re­ synthetic chemicals from oil, we should be survived through burning cit.les, assassina­ letting solar energy trigger the production of sulted in his earning a. Bachelor of Theology tions, and war. In the past months, Amer­ Degree. Over the last ten years he partici­ chemical nutrients in the agricultural sys­ icans have grappled with a. deeper crisis, tem. Right now, we dismiss organic farmers pated in special studies and advanced theo­ affecting the moral fabric of our government. logical training at Boston University, Uni­ as health food nuts, but we forget that their As you are well aware, during this time we !arming methods only a. fraction of the versity of Chicago, Virginia Union Univer­ use have seen unwavering patriots question the sity and Yale University. energy used in the centralized farming prac­ authority and ab111ty of the present adminis­ tices of agribusiness. I'm not pushing organic For the last three decades he had pasto­ tration to govern. These doubts are more rates at Mt. Olive Baptist Church in Car­ farming of itself; I'm only for maintaining serious than burning cities or external wars our current level of productivity without thage, Tennessee, Mt. Zion Baptist Church for as any student of history knows, the 1n Fayetteville, Tennessee. Beulah Baptist excessive use of oil. There is a lot of potential strength and power of a nation disintegrates solar energy in agriculture that we don't use. Church 1n Montgomery, Alabama and Olivet from within, not from outside threats. Institutional Baptist Church in Cleveland, Solar energy, for example, makes the chemi­ In the past days, efforts have been made Ohio. cals in plants that could reduce our depend­ towards re-establishing the foundations of When he assumed the pastorate in Olivet ence on synthetic chemicals now made from faith and credlb111ty. To this unique assem­ in 1952, the membership was far less than on. In a solar-based agricultural cycle, bly of political leaders, judges and prominent five hundred, it now exceeds five thousand. animals eat the plants and produce manure citizens, I ask that we not move too rapidly In the nineteen years of pastoral services for fertilizer, rather than the current system towards an artlficial confidence, but that the to the Olivet Institutional Baptist Church, which depends on fertilizer made from questions and doubts which have arisen be he completed the build~ of a large modern November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38543 Sanctuary and the 0. M. Hoover Christian ly American of all wars. It has been going ening and our disregard of them more in­ Community Center which was dedicated in on for decades and intensifying every year. tolerable than in the category of police kill­ 1965. And it will be raging stlll more furiously next ings. He served as a member of the Board of year-unless we do something about it. In 1967, there were 57 police officers kllled Directors of the Southern Christian Leader­ On October 4, 1973, Police Officer Robert in the United States. By 1972, the death toll ship Conference, The American Baptist Theo­ Marshall interrupted a hold-up in Philadel­ reached 112, of whom 108 were killed with logical Seminary, The American Academy phia. He was shot and killed with a handgun. firearms and 74 were killed with handguns. of Clergymen, The Martin Luther King On October 4th, Howard Lee got into an From 1966 through 1972, 621 policemen Foundation and People United to Save Hu­ argument with some friends in his Cleveland wer-e killed across the United States. Ninety· manity which was founded by the Reverend apartment. He was shot and killed with a five percent were killed with firearms, and Jesse L. Jackson. handgun. seven out of ten were killed with handguns. His other organization affiliations included On October 4th, Richard Anderson, a Den­ Indeed it is the cop on the beat who has the Kiwanis Club, the Cleveland Baptist AB­ ver businessman, committed suicide by the most to fear in a gun-crazed society. He sociation, The Baptist Ministers Conference shooting himself with a ritle. is trained and equipped to defend himself. of Cleveland, The Urban League of Cleveland On October 4th, in Seattle, 16 year old But there is little he can do about the bullet and many others. Lloyd Smith got into an argument over a that greets him as he chases a suspect down He was an ABsociate National Chaplain of narcotic transaction. He was shot and kllled an alley, interrupts a hold-up, or comes be­ the Independent Benevolent Protection with a handgun. tween a husband and wife in a family dis­ Order of Elks. He was a 33 Degree Mason. On October 4th, Robert Sevllle's store in pute. His ministry included a broad spectrum of Jackson, Mississippi was held up. He was That is why police leaders--including the activities in and outside of the United States. shot and kllled with a shotgun. late J. Edgar Hoover-have long supported He has preached and lectured throughout On October 4th, in New York City Howard stringent gun control. That is also why the North and South America, Scandinavia, the Schwartz's dog got into a fight with another President's consistent opposition to strong Orient and the Holy Land. dog. The owners of the two dogs argued. Mr. gun control makes his election campaign In 1964, he accompanied the late Dr. Schwartz was shot and kllled with a hand­ promise to "strengthen the peace forces Martin Luther King, Jr., recipient of the gun. against the crime forces" hard to believe. Nobel Peace Prize to Olso, Norway. Though the names of this death list have The United States stands alone as the only He was involved in the civil Rights Move­ been changed, nothing about it is unreal. In supposedly civllized country in the world that ment in the city of Cleveland and on aNa­ fact, if October 4, 1973, was just an average does not regulate the ownership of firearms. tional level. Because of his dedication and day in America, 57 people were killed in acci­ Our per capita gun ownership rate is be­ commitment to the late-Dr. Martin Luther dents, murders, and suicides that involved tween five and thirty times that of any other King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leader­ the use of what has become an American free country. And in 1969, our murder rate ship Conference, he raised thousands of dol­ trademark-the gun. was 16 times that of Finland, 120 times that lars for the Civll Rights Movement in the It doesn't have to be that way. We can save of Sweden and 360 times that of Norway. early and middle sixties. many of tomorrow's 57 victims. All we have There wlll be more Americans kllled by He is survived by his son and daughter-in­ to do is treSit guns not like toys, or badges of handguns in the next 39 hours than were law, Odie Millard Hoover, lli and Frances manhood, or symbols of the great American killed by handguns in all of England tn Taylor Hooper, residing in Nashville, Tennes­ tradition-but like guns. 1972. see, Eva Patricia Hoover, residing in Wash­ There are as many firearms in the United It is illegal to own a handgun in Japan. ington, District of Columbia and his eldest States as there are people. And so in Tokyo, there were 217 murders in daughter Carole Frances Hoover, residing in This includes as many as 40 million hand­ 1972, and only three of them were commit­ Cleveland, Ohio. guns, which are now being manufactured ted with handguns. In Detroit, with one In July, 1973, Rev. Odie Mlllard Hoover and pumped into the civillan population at tenth of the population of Tokyo there were celebrated his 21st Anniversary in service to the rate of more than 2.5 million a year. more than twice as many murders in 1973. his congregation at the Olivet Institution.a.l Which means that a new handgun is sold When I was in Japan last year the police Baptist Church. in the United States every 13 seconds. And told me they couldn't understand how we Most Respectfully, one is used every hour of every day to murder survived without gun controls. The answer is ODIE MILLARD HoOVER, m. one of our citizens. that many of us don't. FRANCES TAYLOR HOOVER. But the legal restrictions we impose on But we need not look overseas to see rthat EvA PATRICIA HOOVER. the distribution of these weapons are almost gun control can work. CAROLE FRANCES HOOVER. non-existent. The fact is that even domestic comparisons In only three states and two cities is a between states or localities with weak versus license or identification ca~d needed to ac­ strong firearms laws tell the same story. quire or carry a rifle or shotgun. The South, which has the highest rate of BAN THE HANDGUN-VI And in 42 states no license is required to firearms ownership anct generally the weak­ purchase a handgun. est gun control laws in the nation, also The only restriction on buying handguns has the highest rate of homicides committed in these 42 states is a provision in the with firearms and the highest rate of acci­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Federal Gun Control Act of 1968 which re­ dental gun deaths. OF NEW YORK quires that the purchaser fill out a form New York City has the nation's most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES giving his name and declaring that he is not stringent state and local gun controls. And, a minor, and has no history of alcoholism, so far in 1973, New York's murder rate ranks Wednesday, November 28, 1973 mental disorder, or felony conviction. But 9th among the ten largest cities. Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on No­ this requirement is almost worthless since it In New York City, every gun is required mandates no verification-such as finger­ to be registered and every owner licensed. vember 3, Mayor John Lindsay of New prints and a police background check-to To get a license, an applicant is first finger­ York City spoke before the annual meet­ substantiate the purchaser's identity and printed and his background is carefully ing of the American Society of Crimi­ his declarations. checked by the Police Department, to weed nology, calling for stringent gun controls. And while the Act of 1968 banned the out those with histories of alcoholism, mental Referring to wholesale imports of hand­ importation of cheap handguns-known as disorder, or felony convictions. In addition, guns into New York City from States Saturday Night Specials-it allowed for the to get a license to carry a handgun in New having virtually no controls, the mayor importation of their parts and their domestic York City, the applicant must not only go stressed the need for registration at the assembly and distribution. And so, one mil­ through this same background check, he lion cheap handguns that can have no con­ must also prove to the Police that he has a Federallevel. · ceivable sporting purpose and cannot be specific, legitimate need for the handgun. I commend the remarks of Mayor used for anything other than killing human Only 24,000 New Yorkers have these hand­ Lindsay to my colleagues as further evi­ beings at close range were put together and gun licenses. And we know the system dence that strict Federal gun controls sold in the United States last year-with works--because only a liandful of these 24,000 are essential to make our communities no real controls on their distribution. have ever used their weapons to commit an safe places to live and work. In a country that requires prescriptions assault, robbery or murder. The mayor's address follows: for penic1lin and licenses for dogs, that kind But just as New York City shows how gun of legislative policy on firearms is incredible. control can be effective, our experience here ADDRESS BY MAYOR JOHN V. LINDSAY also demonstrates how even the best state I'd like to talk this morning about 6 peo­ Indeed, that kind of permissiveness is and local controls are tragically undermined ple who were kllled in a war one day last suicidal. by the absence of stringent federal firearms October. They were all Americans. It means that in the next two years more control. The war that claimed them was not in the Americans will die at home from firearms Although New York ranks 19th in crime Middle East. It did not make any headlines fatalities than were killed by the enemy in among the largest 25 cities, the number of and w11l never have any winners. It ranks the twelve years of the Vietnam War. assaults and robberies involving firearms 1s with the Civil War as being the most unique- And nowhere are the numbers more fright- rising sharply. And the City's chief Medical 38544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973

Examiner attributes almost the entire in- . Require special licenses for handgun of guns on television and in the movies and crease in murder in recent years to the in­ ownership, to be issued only after that the then convince them that the law-not the creased availabllity of guns. applicant proves that he has an overriding gun-is the great equalizer? These were crimes that are almost always legitimate need for this dangerous weapon. No one who loves his country can hide committed with illegal guns, not by our li­ Though the standard for such overriding from these questions any longer. We must censed owners. Crime guns almost always need could vary among states and localities, face them. come from jurisdictions outside New York. it would surely not allow a. civ111a.n in South We must teach our children to think o:r We have learned, in fact, that these guns Carolina. to buy 600 handguns at a time; torn flesh and slabs in the morgue when are coming to us by the thousands through In addition, a. strong federal law would they think of guns, not mythology and man­ black market "gun running" networks. These mandate that firearm manufacturers, ship­ hood. We must remind them that the gun­ operations thrive on the absence of strict pers, and retailers take strict safety measures slinger is the enemy of democracy-that federal standards which makes it possible to help prevent gun thefts, which now run here in America one Presidential election has for a gun runner to walk into a store in the into the tens of thousands every year, and been nullified, and two have been frustrated South, give a false name and address on that which account for almost 20% of the guns by firepower in just the last ten years. federal form and exchange cash for several traced in our survey so far. And we must make Washington face these hundred handguns. In one case, for example, Essentially, then, what we need 1s to treat same questions. one man in South Carolina purchased 600 guns the way we treat cars: they must be We must stiffen up the Congress in the handguns in one day so that he could resell registered and those who use them must face of a. lobby that for too long has used them in Northern cities. be licensed. That is hardly an extreme or lies and cash from the gun industry to bully Police Commissioner Donald F. Cawley and unreasonable restriction on these tools of this country. I have intensified efforts to put a. dent in this death. The crisis in Washington today 1s a crisiS deadly interstate traffi.c. We recently met And this must be done at the federal in confidence in the rule of law. There can be with the City's District Attorneys and ad­ level-because we can't allow guns to slip no better time to get on with the business ministrative judges to seek their cooperation through a. hodgepodge of non-uniform state of passing gun control legislation, for that in getting better information from those ~~ I would assert the rule of law over the rule of arrested on gun possession charges as to the This kind of federal legislation has been force. origin of the gun they were carrying, and to supported for years by mayors and police It's time we ended the war a.t home. It's seek stricter enforcement of New York's chiefs across the country. And every public time we made freedom under the law-not strong gun laws. In this way we hope to work opinion poll has found that a. large majority the gun--once and for all the trademark of our way back to the major profiteers in these of American citizens support it as well. America.. operations. But in Washington our voice is drowned In the last eight years, I have been to We are also working with the Treasury De­ out by the power of the National Rlfie more than 20 funerals of police officers killed partment's Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Association-an industry tunded lobby whose in the line of duty by guns. Each one has Unit on a. study aimed at learning more tax exempt status is mystifying, and whose left an indelible mark on my memory. about these black market networks and half-truths are designed to mislead thou­ I promise you, for as long as it takes, I quickly uncovering the most blatant of them. sands of hunters into burying Congress in intend to continue the fight to honor those With AFT, we have begun tracing the ap­ postcards everytime someone . says gun slain men by passing the kind of stringent proximately 3000 handguns seized by our control. gun control law that wlll protect their com­ police from persons arrested in the last siX And this is one of the most unregulated rades and the thousands of other Americans months in order to determine each hand­ industries in the nation, with barely any whose 11 ves depend on it. gun's last legal point of transfer. Federal monitoring of production and sales. I_hope you wlll join me. Though the results of the survey are not This, itself, is a. national scandal. If these yet complete, they promise to confirm our firms were also producing heroin, there would worst fears about how the absence of strict be Federal action and national outrage. But national gun control undercuts New York's their outpouring of guns, which annually CONGRESSMAN CULVER SPEAKS tough local laws. Approximately 98% of the guns surveyed thus were either stolen or have kills far more people than drug addiction, ON WORLD TRADE, DEVELOP­ been traced to reta.U sales outside of New barely causes a. stir in Washington. MENT, AND INTERDEPENDENCE York State. Two thirds of those traced out­ The only hunting that gun control would side the State came from just four states in stop would be the hunting Americans do the South: South Carolina., Georgia., Florida., against each other. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON and Virginia.. Most alarmingly, South Caro­ All of us here know that. OF INDIANA But our knowing it isn't good enough. We lina. thus far accounts for almost one third IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the total traceable guns seized. must shatter the myths about guns and Many of you may have read about the man about gun control. We must disabuse those Wednesday, November 28, 1973 who went berserk on 34th Street last week who believe that "If guns are outlawed only outlaws will have guns." That just isn't true. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, re­ and killed two people before being gunned cently I had an opportunity to read a down himself. Of the two handguns he used, Police will have guns. Licensed owners will one has been traced to South Carolina. and have guns. And the odds will be much bet­ speech delivered by our colleague, Con­ the other has been tentatively traced to Vir­ ter that more criminals wlll not. gressman JOHN CuLVER of Iowa, before ginia.. We must also point out one more shocking the One World Conference in Des A recent gun running operation uncovered truth. Almost three fourths of all murders Moines. This was a large gathering of by a. joint Federal-City investigation tells us are actually committed not by random thugs, citizens and public interest organizations in broader terms what this interstate traffic but by normally law abiding citizens who concerned with questions of world trade, means. The defendents in this case are al­ get into an argument with a. friend or rela­ tive and reach for a. gun that is all too avail­ development, and interdependence. The leged to have brought 200 handguns in just conference this year gave special em­ one shipment from South Carolina. to New able. Nor should we forget the thousands of York-and the New York City Police Depart­ suicides and accidents that are the direct phasis to world interdependencies in food ment has already seized 169 of them from consequence of too many guns in too many and energy. Not only were the themes persons arrested for attempted murder, as­ places. timely and critical, but Congressman sault and armed robbery. Indeed we must lead the way in re-examin­ CULVER brought to them an incisive That, very simply, 1s the case for federal ing the role of guns in our society and the understanding of the interplay of trade, gun control. myth that the gun has some sacred place foreign agricultural, and energy policies. To put it another way, permissiveness in in the American tradition. Mr. CULVER has had a sign!ftcant in­ states such as Georgia., South Carolina., Flori­ This country was founded on cherished da., and Virginia. 1s threatening the safety ideals, not guns. fluence on the shape of pending trade of pollee officers and citizens in New York The frontier was conquered by plows and legislation, especially in its incorpora­ City, and across this nation. axes and hope-not gun-slinging. tion of a more humane, workable, and That 1s obviously a federal problem of the The hope we have always offered our­ versatile trade adjustment section. In highest order. selves and the world has been that man his capacity as chairman of the Foreign Is Washington listening? could be free. not that he could carry a gun. Economic Policy Subcommittee he held For seven years as a. Congressman and eight And today, in the wake of Watergate, we searching hearings on energy almost a as a. Mayor I have pleaded for national gun know too well that freedom depends on the year and a half ago which clearly fore­ control. rule of law not the exercise of raw power. Specifically, this legislation would: The question of how we face our gun shadowed the domestic and international Require the registration of all firearms; mania 1s really a question of what kind of emergency which now exists. Ba.n the manufacture of sale of all cheap society we want to be. This year he has joined with me in hand-guns not suitable for sporting pur­ Can we expect to be a nation of peace chairing an addi tiona! set of hearings poses; and good will abroad and yet be a country seeking to analyze the interconnections Require the licensing of all firearms own­ that sells handguns like bubblegum at home? between energy and other aspects of ers; and Indeed, can we show our children the glory foreign policy, especially in the Middle November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38545 .East. He has been a foremost expert on The uncertain prospects and timetable of late innovation, productivity, and vigorous foreign agricultural policy, and he was the trade bill has been one factor, for exam­ competition. the principal author of the recent infllu­ ple, in the more vulnerable position of the In spite of these various views, three fa.cts dollar abroad. The outcome of trade legisla­ are clear. First, millions of American work· ential House report on the Oversea tion will be a major index for countries in ers are gripped by the fear that imports are Private Investment Corporation. assessing the nature of United States foreign undermining their job security, and they are This speech by Mr. CuLVER reflects the policy-whether we are realistically con­ . joined in this fear by diverse industries qualities of foresightedness, breadth of cerned primarily to limit untenable and de­ which feel the pressure of foreign competi­ understanding, and balanced judgment bilitating security commitments or whether tion. Second, the concerns being voiced by which have made him so effective in this we are unrealistically attempting to devise labor and management in the adversely af­ important realm of public policy. some form of indiscriminate modern day po­ fected sectors of our economy are genuine The speech follows: litical and economic isolationism with aU concerns, and cannot be ignored or answered the pitfalls that creates for the world by resorting to the vague conceptual slo­ WORLD TRADE, DEVELOPMENT, AND community. gans of either "free trade" or "protectionism." INTERDEPENDENCE Equally the consideration of trade legisla­ Finally, the post World War II economic sys­ (By JOHN C. CULVER} tion-an event which does not occur more tem and era have come to a close, and a new No conference could be more timely than than once in a decade-or at even longer set of domestic and international economic this gathering which is devoting itself to an intervals--has large portents for our do­ policies, relationships and institutions need intensive consideration of the problems of mestic economy as well. Though the United to be developed. world interdependence, development, and States in raw arithmetical terms is less de­ These events are clear signals that the trade. We are often told that the people of pendent on the fiow of international trade United States must develop and pursue fresh this country are fatigued by the subject of than many industrialized nations, nonethe­ concepts to meet the problem of economic world development and aid and that this Na­ less it is of heightening importance as it is dislocations caused by imports and further tion's role in furthering human opportuni­ plain to see not only in our historic relation­ economic interdependence. This points un­ ties and economic growth in the developing ships with the countries of western Europe, mistakably to the need for new trade legis­ world has become a marginal one. If such but also in our unfolding new relationships lation to confront the requirements of a mood is widespread-and this coalition with the Soviet Union, eastern Europe, China, greater job security and opportunities for gathered here surely gives one pause-there and of course, Japan. And 1f one considers American workers--and in a way which is are many present facts which sharply con­ so large a question as the future of our truly humane, effective economically, and tradict such an impression. domestic energy sources--much of it from consistent with the best interests of the U.S. In Nairobi this week plans are going for­ countries developing some independent fi­ role in the world economy. ward which will hopefully lead to the most nancial and political leverage of their own, In April and May of last year, the Sub­ sweeping reform of the international mone­ the pivotal importance of trade is inescapa­ committee on Foreign Economic Polley, of tary system since Bretton Woods. ble. But a spreading awareness of the changes which I am chairman, held seven days of In Rome this past week there has been an in world trade brings with it a greater senSEI hearings to examine workable mechanisms emergency meeting to assess the interna­ of dependency, of accelerated change, and for economic conversion as an alternative to tional food situation and to seek concerted of greater competitive vulnerability here at trade war:: •. international remedies for both foreseeable home. That is why it is especially important The wide consensus reached during the a.nd future food shortages across the world. to seize the opportunity to mesh a trade hearings was that trade adjustment assist­ In Washington the House of Representa­ adjustment and manpower policy with trade ance in its present form is burial assistance, tives is nearing its final deliberations on the negotiations and initiatives. but that a trade adjustment assistance pro­ Trade Reform Act, the most decisive enact­ For the past four decades the United gram could be designed to provide prompt ment of its kind since 1962 and perhaps even States has pursued a generally outward­ and effective assistance to workers, firms and World War TI. looking foreign trade policy-a policy de­ communities who need it, at a lower cost Almost every community in this country signed to seek expanded trade, from which to the economy, and without the foreign has this year had a sudden awareness of an all nations could benefit economically and policy disadvantages o! import restrictions. energy crisis. Though not every one perceives politically. The United States did not take For the purpose o! providing a workable it in the same way, it is also shared in many this course until after learning, from the alternative to trade restrictions and trade countries abroad, and it opens a whole new hard experience of the depression and smoot­ wars. set of relationships between developed and hawley tariff years, the grave disadvantages Trade adjustment assistance should put some of the less developed nations. of indiscriminate trade restrictions--politi­ delivery system, more substantive assistance Here in Iowa, the second largest agricul­ cal isolationism and retallatory trade bar­ and an early warning network to spot in tural exporter of the 50 States, there is an riers, which in turn forced many American advance those industries and companies inescapable sense of the interconnection be­ businesses to lay off workers. Since 1934 and which are running into trouble. Then effec­ tween trade and the health of the domestic the enactment of the reciprocal trade act, tive government assistance can be useful economy-all the more at a time of world and especially after World War n, the before the company is beyond hope and it inflation and commodity shortages. United States has encouraged cooperative and can enroll workers into training programs So this meeting is surely not chasing fan­ interdependent international economic poll­ before they are unemployed and their skills tasies or merely trying to breathe life into a cies. become obsolete. In an age of "future shock" dying or slumbering set of issues. It is com­ On balance, the result of our outward­ the Government must anticipate problems ing to grips with the most urgent realities looking foreign economic pollcy coincided and identify industries which need assist­ and most pressing prospects facing an in­ with unparalleled United States economic ance. But, most important, the assistance creasingly interdependent world. Moreover, growth, stimulated increased sales abroad, must be adequate, practical and quick. when we speak of food or energy, we are not strengthened economic and political relations Otherwise, we will a.iways be in a position dealing with economic abstractions or re­ with foreign countries, and an increased of doing too little, too late, and there will mote speculations about world development, standard of living at lower costs to consum­ be no viable political alternative to protec­ but with the elemental and understandable ers in the developed countries, including the tionist tariffs and quotas. issues of human livelihood and dignity. United States. H.R. 4917, the Trade Adjustment Assistance Looked at in these terms, the "world with­ In recent years, however, there has been Organization Act of 1973, provides, I believe, out borders" which keynotes your meetings, growing concern in the United States about the proper emphasis for an effective trade is not a figure of speech, but a fact rein­ our mounting trade and balance-of-payments adjustment assistance program, whose costs forced by the attention now riveted on food, deficits, combined almost uniquely with a are less than those imposed by import re­ energy, and the new terms of world trade. persistent and intolerable 5 to 6 percent do­ strictions. 300-600 million vs. 12-15 B. The I need hardly stress that the considera­ mestic unemployment rate and also a surg­ Ways and Means Committee is giving the tion of the trade bill by Congress and the ing inflation suffered by many nations. We concepts contained in these proposals favor­ imminence of concurrent trade and mone­ are confronted with these facts, but have able_consideration and I am hopeful that the tary negotiations can have momentous con­ generally been unable to reach a consensus House will adopt a strong and coherent ver­ sequences in the impulses they give both to as to their root cause, and more importantly, sion of this bill. our foreign policy and to the future char­ have, to date, been unable to develop truly The social and human costs of economic acter of our economy. How we handle the constructive solutions. dislocation caused by rapid technological trade bill will be a shaping force for na­ Some concerned citizens have pointed to change, changes in consumer tastes, Gov­ tional foreign economic policy for years to unfair trade practices engaged in by foreign ernment procurement programs, interna­ come, both among industrialized and de· tional trade, and other factors, make the veloping nations. It could have paralyzing companies and governments, which have gone development of effective adjustment mech­ effects: It can be liberating. This is not an unchallenged by the executive. Others have anisms imperative where such dislocations isolated or intramural domestic drama. How suggested that the roots of our employment occur. the trade bill and associated issues are han­ and trade difficulties are to be found in our Moreover, as our orientation toward a dled is integral to the positions of our trad­ domestic economy, through the lack of eco­ military economy winds down, and as the ing and economic partners and to the con­ nomic policies effectively controlling infla­ 1970's bring a new awareness of the human fidence they place in our economic good tion, and the failure to develop and rely on and environmental problems which confront sense, stability, and staying power. forward looking economic policies to stimu- the Nation, we must develop national prior- 38546 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 28, 1973

1t1es and an economic conversion program themselves. Though under the best of cir­ If there is one prospect that is certain for which wlll serve to shift industry from less cumstances U.S. and other foreign or multi­ the decade ahead, it is that we have entered productive areas to those for which there is later&~ enterprJse in the third world cannot an era of ec9nomic diplomacy and restructur­ a need for greatly expanded services, man­ be completely sanitized from polltical flare­ ing throughout the world. This fact does not power and capital investments-health, ups and differences, there are a. number of lessen the need for the industrialized nations education, energy, housing, pollution control, practices and policies which can be under­ to take common counsel and action. But it mass transportation, and rural and urban taken to limit their number and virUlence. also means that the world in an important development. Trade adjustment furnishes We are entering an era in which some ·respect is again becoming more nee.rly one. such a model. third world countries-a small minority now, It wm stm be a world with the stresses cre­ What our experience has increasingly but perhaps a larger number in the next ated by the divlslons between rich and poor. underscored is that trade and monetary decade-wlll have the capacity for reverse But it wm no longer be sufilcient to speak negotiation and the necessary adaptations in investment in the United States. This is a of an undifferentiated third world or to as­ the world system will require time, persJst­ development which we have hardly foreseen sume that its needs or its powers are dimly ence, and skllled judgment, both professional but whose wise and balanced resolution is submerged below the larger requirements of and polltical. These problems wlll not evap­ highly important to our future relationships security and traditional diplomacy. Eco­ orate with the passage of trade legislation, with all countries and particularly at the nomics may be a dismal science. But it none­ with the convening of formal trade negotia­ moment to our relations with energy produc­ theless contains within it much of our fu­ tions, or with any automatic sequence of ing countries. ture destiny. programed decisions. Their solution re­ We are already in a phase of foreign affairs I congratulate this conference for having quires more than expert prescription alone; where international collaboration in the en­ raised these themes and for spreading ln they demand also political insight, leader­ vironment, 1n the oceans, and seabeds vitally Iowa so clear a future awareness of the tasks ship, and a proper interplay between the depends on shared understandings with the we have as citizens of this state and of the President, Congress, and the public. nations of the third world. Many of these world community. Nowhere are the tasks of such foresighted countries have important rights to declare leadership and future-mindedness more de­ and responsib111tles to assume as symbolized manding than in the topics to which you in the decision to hold the Law of the Sea have given perspective here-the new fabric Conference next year in Santiago. No big of realtionships required with the third power arrangement wtll resolve these large THE COST OF THE WAR IN world. These have their own new profile and matters which affect the lives of all of us SOUTHEAST ASIA their own independent claim on the atten­ quite as much as issues which go u:r;tder the tions of the policyma.ker and citizen. They name of national security. are not any longer-if they ever were-merely During the next year, for example, we must HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON the byplay of great power relationships or a act on these realities. Again the trade btll OF MASSACHUSBTTS distracting and spasmodic object of concern offers an early chance if tt includes the ex­ for the trtlateral industrialized association tension of tariff preferences to third world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of North America, Japan, and Western nations. So also we may hope that with world Wednesday, November 28, 1973 Europe. Even if we leave aside all considera­ monetary reform means may be found which tions of humanitarian assistance-which we wm permit developing countries to partici­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, now cannot in a world in which as many as 20 pate and benefit more directly from the func­ that we have ended the U.S. :fighting role mlllion may die this year from starvation tions of the international monetary system. in Southeast Asia, I think it would be and serious malnutrition alone-the new Flnally, any look at the coming contours useful to reflect on what we have spent realities are compelllng: of world cooperation must include an at­ in dollars on this costly war. The United States and most of the rest tack on the problems of world food supply­ of the industrialized world is grow1ngly de­ meeting the base needs of the famished and Richard L. Strout has written a pendent on the third world for a critical por­ undernourJshed and providing new interna­ thoughtful article based on a study done tion of its energy and basic commodity needs. tional mechanisms for stockpiling and emer­ by Tom Riddell of Bucknell University, To be sure, for each item the sources tend gency supply. We in Iowa-with our tradi­ examining the costs of the war. It seems to be few in number, giving a relatively tions in and knowledge of farm practices to me that it is worth noting that Mr. small number of countries considerable and technology-should have a special Riddell estimates that these costs will strategic market power and leverage. For ex­ awareness and contribution to make. So far continue into the middle of the next cen­ ample, 4 countries dominate in world copper, we have worked on the international scene in tury. He also estimates the overall total 2 countries in tin, 4 in coffee and 4 coun­ response to situations as they occur year by tries have more than half the world market year. ThJs year events have conspired to il­ cost of the war to each American fam­ in rubber and bauxite. And there are also lustrate painfully that this is no longer ily-a total greater than an average commodities such as timber which could enough. In one year we have seen shortages, American family's income for an entire well develop scarcities. A few of these coun­ transportation bottlenecks, depletion of year. Given the fact that there is still no tries, especially those with oil, will accumu­ stocks, widespread famine in sub-Saharan peace in Vietnam, one begins to wonder late large earnings which can seriously ef­ Africa, Pakistan, Phillipines, and elsewhere, about these sacrifices. fect money flows and markets as well as and also the entry of the USSR and possibly Mr. Strout's article appears below, and monetary sta.btllty. China as major food purchasers. In addi­ I call it to the attention of my colleagues There is no longer any question that U.S. tion, we are now on the verge of crippling foreign investment and multinational cor­ fertilizer shortages which could seriously cut in the Congress and to the American porations must adapt in many places to back world agricultural production. public: changing environments in which their politi­ This sets a large but not hopeless task AN ExPENSIVE wAR cal consequences, intended and unintended. before us all-both to meet the unfulfilled (By Richard L. Strout) In response to the changing investment en­ needs that stlll exist across the world at the WASHINGTON .-Does anyone recall the Viet­ vironment in less developing countries, the present time and to prevent future famines. nam war? That was the one that we ended multinational corporations must be wtlling Last year the developing countries actually last July you remember-or the Cambodia to use forms of investment which they ig­ had nearly a 1 percent drop in aggregate part of it. Congress wrote a cutoff after it nored in the past--such a.s joint ventures, agricultural production, and for several years discovered that Mr. Nixon had been secretly fade-out arrangements and non-equity pro­ have not matched their population increase. bombing Cambodia for 14 months. duction sh&ring and management contracts. Yet it is also true that a 2-3 percent volun­ The war was the longest in American his­ In addition, the investor, the host country tary reduction-less than 100 calories a. day­ tory. So much has happened in the mean­ and the investor's country must, in cooper­ in food consumption by people in developed time-Watergate, inflation, the astronauts' ation with multilateral organizations, devel­ countries would at least bridge the starva­ trip, the Middle East--no wonder you're a. op reasonable and workable rules of conduct tion gap in the world. little leary about it. for all the parties involved in international This is a problem, therefore, whose solu­ Now comes a doctorate study by Tom investment transactions. tion demands government foresight, inter­ Riddell of Bucknell University, printed in the Overall, our foreign investment has been national collaboration, and the assistance Progressive magazine, saying that overall beneficial both to the host countries and and counsel of private groups and educa­ cost of Vietnam wlll be around $575 billion, the United States. But, if this 1s true in tional institutions such as are represented of which perhaps half has been paid. He esti­ the aggregate, it is also true that some U.S. mates costs will continue into the middle companies have shown dangerous insensi­ here. The newly enacted farm legislation tivity to the environment in which they puts us in a better posture to attack the of the next century. operate and that often too little direct bene­ problem. The realization that no nation 1s To refresh my memory I have looked fit has accrued to the countries in which exempt from the effects of major food through my files. One thing you can say, they locate. In some extractive mineral in­ deficits helps also. But the full medley of everybody in authority was optimistic about dustries, for example, some of the commodity actions and lnltiatives necessary have not the 10-year war. "Every quantitative meas­ boom in the past year shows up in dis­ yet crystallized. We must be careful that a urement shows we're wining the war," Secre­ proportionate profits for foreign investors better year, if it occurs in world agriculture, tary of Defense RobertS. McNamara said in rather than to the developing countries does not lull us into a. new complacency. 1962 ... "The corner has definitely been November 28, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38547 turned to victory in South Vietnam," Arthur TRIDUTE TO SKYLAB 3 ASTRO­ AT LEAST ONE ANSWER Sylvester, Assistant Secretary of Defense said, NAUTS Origin of the stars, moon, earth, universe? March 8, 1963 . • . "Victory . . . is just Even if all questions are left unanswered, months away," forecast Gen. Paul Harkins, unsolved, Saigon Commander, Oct. 31, 1963 ••. "We HON. JOHN WARE Men who travel the blackness of space are not about to send American boys 9,000 or OF PENNSYLVANIA Make a great, perhaps the greatest discovery, 10,000 miles from home to do what Asian IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Appreciation of the earth. boys ought to be doing for themselves," de­ -DEBBIE PENRY. clared President Johnson, Oct. 21, 1964 ••. Wednesday, November 28, 1973 "We have certainly turned the comer in the war." Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, Mr. WARE. Mr. Speaker, students in IN APPRECIATION (announced) July 23, 1969. "This action (the an English seminar at Henderson Senior Surely men do not toy with the idea death invasion of Cambodia) is a decisive move," High School in West Chester, Pa., want for their own personal gain. Nor do they said President Nixon, May 9, 1970. "Peace is to share with all America tributes they walk into a rocket that guarantees almost at hand," said Dr. Henry Kissinger, Oct. 28, have written honoring Astronauts Alan nothing for these men a million miles from 1972. Bean, Jack Lousma, and Owen Garriott the planet Earth, for the simple reason of re­ Public men should be optimistic in war­ ceiving several weeks of recognition. No, time and illustrations like the above show of the successful Skylab 3 mission. these men who so willingly risk their fu­ that U.S. leaders fully ful1llled their obliga­ As stated by their teacher, Mrs. Rose­ tures risk them for mankind stlll sitting se­ tion. mary R. Powers, the students want to curely on Earth. Just the other day President Nixon spoke salute these three men "who through Life is so very finite and yet such men at the Veterans of Foreign Wars convention their personal abllity, determination, deal in the lnftnlte futures of men by investi­ at New Orleans (Aug. 20) and he rejoiced courage, and faith brought honor not gating that beautiful black and unknown that "we finally do have pen.ce with honor." only to themselves and everyone a.t space outside of our own stable hemisphere. Mr. Nixon used the phrase "peace with So, my good astronauts, I thank you and ap• NASA, but also to all other Americans preciate the very strong and boosting sup­ honor," or some variant, flve times in his as well." brief address. His audience warmly port you have given humanity whlle 11v1ng applauded. I commend the students for their fine in the darkness of space and placing your One dHllculty is, as Tble noted last August efforts; and I am pleased to insert their trust in both God and mankind. in quoting an unnamed "U.S. analyst": "The original poems, as follows: -ANN ZIEGLER. IN ORBIT Space, a galaxy of glittering stars, North Vietnames£> haven't given up any of An enormous expanse-fresh--excltlng- their goals. It's just that they've given them­ There are no trees Untarnished.. selves a period of years without m111tary No horses and no gulls The Universe, its unique simplicity, struggle." However, some kind of a "military There is only the Universe. struggle" still seems to be going on. Every Both puzzling and charming man­ little while, when television doesn't have The sun beats down With its beauty. On the metallic shell A beauty transcending time, more exciting news ·110 report, there are still Even when the day's work 1s done. Present long before us, it will always be- items about the Vietnam struggle. The war There to touch. isn't over. What has happened is that ~he With cameras and telescopes Ma.n strives to conquer and learn, .8. U has withdrawn. That makes nearly The astronaut 1s alone But all that is to be found-Lies 1n his soul, everybody rejoice. To study the stars that do not twinkle. And in the untermlnating beauty Of a 111e So how much did it all cost? This is the He analyses the cloud's turbulence fulfilled. way Mr. Riddell works it out: And the silent sea --JANET DIBELLA. Billions For they are there for him to understand Budgetary expenditures 1950 to 197L $168.2 Oh brave and valiant men of space, Future budgetary expenditures (pen- With knowledge he shields himself from the Now that you have returned, sions; Interest)------358.3 sun We thank you for the knowledge gained, Costs of efforts to end the war______.2 And determines where he is The things that we have learned. Costs of conversion (wa-r to peace)--- 6.8 And where humanity is going. Human resources costs ______143.6 -PAUL GARRETT. It takes a special man to do All that the scientists ask. Brave and unfearlng in your tiny tin can, You three were chosen specially Total ------676.1 Are you dreaming of what lies below? To do momentous tasks. It becomes at once evident that the Rid­ Do you long to be on Earth once more, Through all the perils, problems, risks, dell figures are tentative. SOme things are Or would you rather stay above, giving your You did your very best. down-to-earth statistics: The U.S. exploded only life You showed us strength of character. over 15 mlllion tons of munitions; saturated To science, and the Infinite quest for knowl- You stood up to the test. South Vietnam with over 100 million tons of edge? chemical herbicides and lost about 8,000 air­ Are you prepared to die for those? Oh brave and valiant men of spa-ce craft [2,500 planes and 4,000 helicopters). What makes you give so much America wants to say, Total casualties Incurred-to "secure self­ And accept so little in return? God bless you, and we're glad you're home, determination for the South Vietnamese and Isolated and free from strife, are you aware We're proud of you today. to halt. the spread of international commu­ Of the struggles in the lives beneath you? -KATHY FuLMER. nism"-were 53,813 Americans kllled. and Yet, you wlll go on, thinking of what you over 100,000 wounded. can do for man, A million miles away, a million miles away, Dollar cost is harder to measure. They And blind to personal gain. and who cares for them? include interest, aid to Indo-China, and vet­ God holds your fate in his hands; Certainly not those computerized men to erans' payments. Veterans' payments in past He makes the decision that you shall return whom a job is only a respons1b111ty wars continued for 100 years. Historian James safely, which ends at five o'clock. L. Clayton says, "Most of the costs of wars Or sacrifice your life for those here on Earth. Certainly not the General Public to whom in American history have come after the And when you return, their accomplishment is only second­ fighting stopped." Wlll someone cast a tear for Humanity? page news, I am dubious about Mr. Riddell's estimate -Ms. GINNY BEYER. And maybe tomorrow's page six in the obit­ of "human resource" costs: what the boys uaries. might have been creating and earning at PERn.ous PRrvn.EGE The Soul of the people, that underlying thrive which fiows through all of hu­ home if they hadn't been kllling in Indo­ In this what of a world China. Certainly there was an economic loss. Who, manity worries over these Disciples of At least Mr. Riddell wisely doesn't try to But you, the Future. estimate the cost of current inflation, which Has experienced a place They have left their mark on the Immortal is due. in large part, to the huge war deficits. Like space Soul in perpetrating such a mission. Future generations may find it hard to un­ They have become a bit immortal in contri­ derstand--our wllllngness to spend so much Outside his soul buting to the common cause of har­ As part of the larger whole nessing the Unknown. money for 10 years in a war 10,000 miles away To find Therefore, don't fret ye pioneers of the uni­ in Asia. Mr. Riddell figures the total cost to Your mind, verse. each American family is $12,000. What would To risk detachment Take comfort in the fact that the people's they otherwise have done with that $12,000, And feast collective Soul does not terminate its I wonder--cars, homes, education? Was it Your heart? anxieties at five o'clock. worth it? -BETH FLEMING. -DEBBIE 'I'REDINNICK. 38548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE November 29, 1'973

COUNTDOWN 6! Your seatbelt neatly cllcks 21 Up, up into the blue 101 Such brave men! While the clock steadily ticks Farewell! Adieu I Like Astronaut Glenn 51 Nerves electric and alive 11 Your long trek has begun 9! Your tin foil suits shine No one's certain you'll survive It cannot be undone While rocket engines whine 4! Into the empty space you'll soar 01 All systems go! 8! Soon you will accelerate Heroic men of the Air Corps To explore the long ago Ignorant of your fate -RAYMOND RORKE. 7! Onward, upward to heaven 3! Only He can foresee Just like Apollo 11 What wlll become of thee

SENATE-Thursday, November 29, 1973 The Senate met at 10:30 a.m. and was have elected not to disturb the peace of The procedure for the case in point, called to order by the President pro this body. based on the above precedent, reason­ tempore (Mr. EASTLAND). The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under ably would have been as follows: A point the previous order, the Senator from of order against any procedure is in order Montana