DOCSLIB.ORG

Sharing Economy Im Wirtschaftsraum Deutschland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sharing Economy Im Wirtschaftsraum Deutschland Sharing Economy im Wirtschaftsraum Deutschland Analyse des Stellenwerts im Allgemeinen sowie Untersuchung der Handlungsoptionen im Einzelsegment ʻVermittlungsdienste für Privatunterkünfteʼ Studie des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit DICE Consult Impressum Herausgeber/Auftraggeber Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) Öffentlichkeitsarbeit 11019 Berlin www.bmwi.de Redaktion Endbericht Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln e. V. und DICE Consult GmbH Christoph Busch, Vera Demary, Barbara Engels, Justus Haucap, Christiane Kehder, Ina Loebert, Christian Rusche Stand Juli 2018 Druck Druck- und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt Gestaltung PRpetuum GmbH, München Bildnachweis danijelala / Fotolia / Titel www.thomas-bareiss.de / S. 3 Diese Publikation wird vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie im Rahmen der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit herausgegeben. Die Publi- kation wird kostenlos abgegeben und ist nicht zum Verkauf bestimmt. Sie darf weder von Parteien noch von Wahlwerbern oder Wahlhelfern während eines Wahlkampfes zum Zwecke der Wahlwerbung verwendet werden. Dies gilt für Bundestags-, Landtags- und Kommunalwahlen sowie für Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament. 1 Sharing Economy im Wirtschaftsraum Deutschland Analyse des Stellenwerts im Allgemeinen sowie Untersuchung der Handlungsoptionen im Einzelsegment ʻVermittlungsdienste für Privatunterkünfteʼ Studie des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit DICE Consult Inhalt Vorwort...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Einleitung ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Die Sharing Economy in Deutschland in den Sektoren Mobilität, Unterkunft und Alltagsgegenstände ............. 10 2.1 Marktüberblick ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Mobilitätssektor .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Unterkunftssektor ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.3 Sektor Alltagsgegenstände ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.4 Bedeutung von Unternehmen als Kunden in der Sharing Economy ................................................................................ 31 2.2 Marktentwicklung der wichtigsten Sharing-Plattformen in Deutschland ................................................................................ 32 2.2.1 Mobilitätssektor............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 2.2.2 Unterkunftssektor ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 2.2.3 Alltagsgegenstände .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.3 Rolle der Sharing-Anbieter im Markt ........................................................................................................................................................................ 40 2.3.1 Mobilitätssektor............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 40 2.3.2 Unterkunftssektor ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.3 Sektor Alltagsgegenstände ................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.4 Beitrag der Sharing Economy zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt........................................................................................................ 43 2.4 Effekte der Sharing Economy auf Beschäftigung............................................................................................................................................. 43 2.4.1 Beschäftigung bei Sharing-Unternehmen .............................................................................................................................................. 43 2.4.2 Arbeitsmarkteffekte für Anbieterinnen und Anbieter auf P2P-Sharing-Plattformen ......................................... 45 2.4.3 Beschäftigung bei etablierten Anbietern .................................................................................................................................................. 46 2.4.4 Gesamtwirkungen ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 3. Die Sharing Economy im Unterkunftssektor ............................................................................................................................................................ 48 3.1 Angebot an Unterkünften................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.1 Methodik............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 49 3.1.2 Das Airbnb-Angebot in Deutschland........................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.1.3 Professionelle Anbieterinnen und Anbieter........................................................................................................................................... 52 3.2 Nachfrage nach Unterkünften ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 56 3.3 Marktanteile im Unterkunftssektor............................................................................................................................................................................ 60 3.3.1 Stellenwert der Sharing Economy für den gesamten Unterkunftssektor ...................................................................... 61 3.3.2 Stellenwert der Sharing Economy für die Unterkunft von Gästen aus dem Inland und aus dem Ausland ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 3.4 Wettbewerbseffekte der Sharing Economy im Unterkunftssektor.................................................................................................... 63 3.4.1 Wettbewerb mit etablierten Unternehmen............................................................................................................................................ 64 3.4.2 Motivation der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer................................................................................................................................................. 65 3.4.3 Konzentrationstendenzen.................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 3.5 Effekte auf die Verfügbarkeit von Wohnraum.................................................................................................................................................... 67 3.6 Problemlagen in der Sharing Economy im Unterkunftssektor ............................................................................................................ 71 3.6.1 Problemlagen unter Sharing-Economy-Gästen ................................................................................................................................. 72 3.6.2 Problemlagen unter Sharing-Economy-Anbieterinnen und -Anbietern....................................................................... 75 3.7 Empirische Schlussfolgerungen....................................................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sofa, So Good Couchsurfing Ist Nicht Mehr Nur Etwas Für Nomaden Aus Dem Netz
    FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE SONNTAGSZEITUNG, 19. APRIL 2015, NR. 16 REISE V3 Sofa, so good Couchsurfing ist nicht mehr nur etwas für Nomaden aus dem Netz. Aber je größer die Gemeinschaft wird, desto schwieriger die Frage: Wem gehört sie eigentlich? Gegenstand der Diskussion: Findet auf dieser Couch kultureller Austausch statt? Oder ist sie nur ein kostenloser Schlafplatz? Fotos Göring enn es eng wird, lich gehört. Offiziell ist die Ant- der Plattform nicht: Er verglich beantwortete Fragen von Mitglie- weltweit. Andamanen, Feuerland, noch weitaus mehr Anhänger fin- sen auch, wo das Geld für ihre Ide- muss man eben zu- wort einfach: der Couchsurfing In- das junge Unternehmen mit der dern. Über 2500 Couchsurfer will Kamtschatka – es gibt tatsächlich den wird, und unterstützen andere en herkommen soll: aus der Com- sammenrücken. 50 ternational Inc. Das war aber nicht Datenkrake Facebook und nannte er in zehn Jahren in seiner Woh- kaum ein Fleckchen auf der Welt, Non-Profit-Projekte. Ein paar der munity, nicht von Investoren. „Die Menschen sitzen im immer so. Eine Firma ist die die neuen Geschäftsbedingungen nung nur wenige Kilometer von auf dem man nicht mit Couchsur- Gruppe haben schon bei Couchsur- Welt braucht dringend ein Sozia- KreuzbergerW Café „Mano“, kein Wohnbörse erst seit 2011, vorher „inakzeptabel und unzulässig“. Die der Golden Gate Bridge beher- fing Urlaub machen könnte. fing mitprogrammiert, dann beim les Netzwerk, das nicht auf Daten Platz ist mehr frei, an der Bar steht war sie sieben Jahre eine gemein- Community wehrte sich; auf Face- bergt haben – aber er hat keine Die Frage bleibt, ob viele Mit- Nachfolgeprojekt „BeWelcome“.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Organising in the Sharing Economy: a Case Study of Couchsurfing.Com
    4th July 2021 Hybrid organising in the sharing economy: A case study of Couchsurfing.com Author: Feriel Bouricha Student number: 6668623 E-mail: [email protected] Degree: MSc Innovation Sciences Supervisor: Dr.Taneli Vaskelainen Second reader: Prof.Dr.Koen Frenken Abstract In the past few years there has been an increase in hybrid organisations. Hybrid organisations are characterised by their tendency to combine opposing organisational elements, such as corporate elements with a societal mission. Their inherent complexity results in internal conflicts between hybrid identities, and these conflicts affect the extent to which the opposing organisational goal are sustained over time. Sharing Economy (SE) organisations engage in hybrid organising as they often operate within contradicting logics. The extant literature has investigated the hybridity of SE organisations from an institutional logics perspective, yet little attention has been given on how hybridity manifests at an internal level. This thesis fills this knowledge gap by examining the impact of the identity conflicts that result from the hybridisation process of Couchsurfing (CS), a mission-oriented free accommodation sharing platform. For this, a qualitative analysis of archival data that spans the period between 2006 and 2020 and interviews with former CS volunteers are conducted to identify the identities that shaped tensions in the organisation of the platform’s hybridity. The main findings suggest that the identity at CS shifted over time from a uniform community identity, to three main identities. The identified identities: Community, Missionary and Corporate were found to conflict over time on three main dimensions these being a conflict over the source of authority of the platform, the role of growth of traffic on the platform, and the role of monetisation.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Be Volunteer
    History of Be Volunteer From Hospitality Club to HCvol (2000 - 2006) The history of BeVolunteer is a long and winding road through the wonderful world of hospitality exchange. Started by a group of volunteers from Hospitality Club, the organisation later takes on members of Couchsurfing and Servas, as well as other volunteers for whom BeWelcome is their first hospitality exchange network. July 2000 Together with his brother Kjell, Veit Kuehne, inspired by other hospitality exchange networks such as SERVAS and SIGHT founds the Hospitality Club (HC). 2002 till 2005 The later founders of the future "HCvol"/"BeVolunteer" start volunteering for HC, covering all areas of HC volunteering from programming, spam checking, accepting members, geo adjustment, forum moderation, translation to support for HC members. 2005 Several core volunteers from HC start to question the owner of HC about processes and systems. Important issues raised by volunteers include: the absence of any legal status of HC the absence of any democratic system for decision making the absence of any transparency in the management of finances the lack of transparency of HC policies for users of the website volunteers feeling manipulated These shortcomings seem particularly problematic to the founders of HCvol, because HC is not a start-up anymore but a real project that is growing rapidly. Concerned volunteers feel a responsibility to work on these issues so that HC can evolve and, with some time and effort, be implemented in HC over time to create a more democratic foundation for further growth. The concerned volunteers feel that work is needed on these issues, so as to address the problems that HC is beginning to face.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for Budget and Pet Travel
    FiJaPAW RESOURCES FOR BUDGET AND PET TRAVEL FINDING PLACES TO STAY 1 CHURCHES - often a spare room or space for visiting guests. Just ask. Never used: WARMSHOWERS.org - kind hosts for cyclists. (Best Trustroots.org & online resource for hosting cyclists.) BeWelcome.org COUCHSURFING.com - Hosts often do not respond on this platform, and it's not as transparent, in my opinion. But still a good resource. WORK EXCHANGE 2 Workaway.info - Work a few hours a day for room, food and board. Global! Tip: WWOOF.org - like WW, but you work on a farm! Just asking around town is also a good HelpX.com - Exactly like WW. way to find jobs WorkingNomads.co - remote job postings. and places to stay. Nomador.com - housesitting gigs round the world. 3 FREE RIDESHARE Church groups - if you're not comfortable hitchhiking, asking around town or at churches for Hitchhiking Tip: a ride is the next best bet. Usually at larger Ask people churches, they may even let you tag along if going directly at gas on a long distance mission trip. stations for a FindaCrew.net - for hitching a ride on a boat. Must ride. help with daily duties on board. 4 FREIGHTER TRAVEL Unfortunately, I learned freighter travel is super expensive, unless working aboard as a crew Tip: member; the companies rarely respond to inquiries Maris Freighter or take forever to do so, and most do not allow dogs is the most or pets of any kind due to the extra paperwork. The popular only one to allow dogs aboard is the Queen Mary company.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversion from a Non-Profit to For-Profit Organization
    Conversion from a Non-profit to For-profit Organization Case: Couchsurfing LAHTI UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Degree programme in International Business Thesis Autumn 2016 Anna Pogrebniak Lahti University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Business Administration POGREBNIAK, ANNA: Conversion from a Non-Profit to For-Profit Organization Case: Couchsurfing Bachelor’s Thesis in International Business 70 pages, 5 pages of appendices Autumn 2016 ABSTRACT Sharing economy has changed the way we consume, encouraging us to redistribute unused assets. Development of the Internet allowed creating platforms, engaging the exchange of goods and networks. As consumers want to exchange not only for financial profit, such services as Couchsurfing started to appear, engaging developing networks with the common interests and spending quality time. The aim of this thesis is to research how non-profit and for-profit communities compare and how conversion from non-profit to for-profit organisation influences the community itself. The final goal is to acknowledge which challenges the case company came across during the conversion process, as well as to study how its virtual community operated before and after. The author proceeds with inductive reasoning, using qualitative and quantitative methodology. Secondary data includes peer-reviewed literature and articles. Primary data is presented by the interviews and two questionnaires, conducted before and after the theoretical research. The researcher uses the case study as the main research method. The results are analysed together, highlighting the former and current issues of the community. The thesis concludes that despite several issues, Couchsurfing community is developing under the management of self-proclaimed volunteers but the services lack organized management and cooperation between activists and the actual company management board.
    [Show full text]
  • Twisted Documentation Release 21.7.0
    Twisted Documentation Release 21.7.0 Twisted Matrix Labs Jul 28, 2021 CONTENTS 1 Installing Twisted 3 1.1 Installing Optional Dependencies....................................3 2 Twisted Core 5 2.1 Developer Guides............................................5 2.2 Examples................................................. 320 2.3 Specifications............................................... 322 2.4 Development of Twisted......................................... 326 3 Twisted Conch (SSH and Telnet) 369 3.1 Developer Guides............................................ 369 3.2 Examples................................................. 377 4 Twisted Mail (SMTP, POP, and IMAP) 379 4.1 Examples................................................. 379 4.2 Developer Guides............................................ 379 4.3 Twisted Mail Tutorial: Building an SMTP Client from Scratch..................... 382 5 Twisted Names (DNS) 393 5.1 Developer Guides............................................ 393 5.2 Examples................................................. 403 6 Twisted Pair 405 6.1 Developer Guides............................................ 405 6.2 Examples................................................. 407 7 Twisted Web 409 7.1 Developer Guides............................................ 409 7.2 Examples................................................. 483 8 Twisted Words (IRC and XMPP) 485 8.1 Developer Guides............................................ 485 8.2 Examples................................................. 490 9 API Reference 491
    [Show full text]
  • Market Escape Through Exchange: Home Swap As a Form of Non-Commercial Hospitality
    Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Andriotis, Konstantinos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0960-0216 and Agiomirgianakis, George (2014) Market escape through exchange: home swap as a form of non-commercial hospitality. Current Issues in Tourism, 17 (7) . pp. 576-591. ISSN 1368-3500 [Article] (doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.837868) Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13241/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Works, including theses and research projects, may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from them, or their content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). They may not be sold or exploited commercially in any format or medium without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author’s name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pag- ination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education
    ISSN 2467-9550 Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education Vol. 10 Year 2020 One Decade (2010-2020) Editor-in-Chief Prof. Ramesh Raj Kunwar Associate Editor Basant P. Joshi INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE SWITZERLAND AITM School of Hotel Management (Affi liated to International Management Institute, Switzerland) Aims and Scope We are very happy to off er Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education, Vol.10, 2020, to our readers. Th is journal is an annual peer-reviewed journal launched by Asian Institute of Technology and Management, Kathmandu, Nepal, affi liat- ed with International Management Institute (IMI), Switzerland. Journal is one of the most important sources of produc- ing scientifi c knowledge in the academia. Basically knowledge is communicated and shared in the academic community through research. Not all forms of knowledge qualify as scientifi c knowledge. In order to be scientifi c, knowledge must be systemic, methodical, general and critical. Th is journal is multi-interdisciplinary journal which welcomes original research articles, research notes and book reviews. Articles should be original and unpublished, based on both primary and secondary sources refl ecting new interpretations, written in English. Th e research article should have minimum 6,000 words; 3,000 words for research notes; 3,000 words for book review; and 300 words for abstract including fi ve keywords. Th e research work should be based on global research methodol- ogy in which the researcher will be required to use parentheses or author date system or in text citation. Aft er receiving the research papers, it will be fi rst consulted by the editor-in-chief and then it will be sent to the expert(s) for evaluating the paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Home-Sharing in the Digital Economy: the Cases of Brussels, Stockholm, and Budapest
    Ref. Ares(2016)2558409 - 02/06/2016 Home-Sharing in the Digital Economy: The Cases of Brussels, Stockholm, and Budapest Impulse Paper prepared for the European Commission, DG GROW Coordinator & Head Researcher: Dr. Sofia Ranchordás (Leiden Law School & Information Society Project, Yale Law School) Local Researchers: Dr. Zsuzsanna Gedeon (Central European University) Dr. Karolina Zurek (Stockholm University & Swedish Chamber of Commerce) Home-Sharing in the EU 1 Home-Sharing in the EU Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Home-Sharing in Europe: Overview ............................................................................................................ 15 2.1. The Collaborative Economy .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1. Definition ............................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.2. Collaborative and Professional Practices in the Platform Economy .................................................... 18 2.2. Home-Sharing and Key Players ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gift-Ambassadors Manual
    Gift-Ambassadors Manual This is the start of a comprehensive manual with a collection of tools and tips on how to use gift-economy to grow a community of trust and support, starting from your friends and colleagues wherever you are. If you already live in an intentional community, you can nd lots of ideas here how to reduce your and your communities needs for money, become more resilient and how to connect and deepen relationships among the communities members and to other communities. Open-Source This is something we are working on together, with our travels through communities that use or have used gift- economy we are collecting best-practices and tips how gift-economy can function and support communities. As a Gift-Ambassador working with gift-economy in your community we encourage you to share your experiences with us and to co-create this manual. It is open-source on google docs for now, you can just edit it, but please don’t delete stuff! https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WPm6vEO1KUSPk6D15TsnoTfwPuWpu7VjTqWMSM83whw/edit? usp=sharing What is gift-economy Gift-economy is more a culture than a system. Direct exchange is not necessary, you can pay-it-forward instead. This creates circles like in a healthy ecosystem. You can simply match offers and needs with the help of communication. The sharing and receiving of gifts connects people and places. It creates deeper relationships between individuals and makes life feel more meaningful. It creates trust, which is the basis needed to unleash collective intelligence. This culture creates a consciousness that everything is interdependent and connected.
    [Show full text]
  • RICH WITHOUT MONEY © Tomi Astikainen 2016
    In loving memory of Heidemarie Schwermer (1942 – 2016) RICH WITHOUT MONEY © Tomi Astikainen 2016 Illustrations: Ghassan Nassar 2 Menu of Today STARTER SOUP OF TEARS...................................................................................................4 Ending Up Under the Bridge...............................................................................................6 Next up: Food, Water and Hygiene...................................................................................11 THE ESSENTIALS...............................................................................................................12 Quick Bite: The Elixir of Life..............................................................................................13 Finger Food: Share the Abundance..................................................................................18 Full Feast: Save the Leftovers...........................................................................................22 Next up: Material Goods...................................................................................................29 MIND OVER MATTER..........................................................................................................30 Nice Trinkets: Collaborative Consumption........................................................................31 Durable Goods: Let Go of Useless Stuf............................................................................33 Precious Treasures: The Law of Attraction........................................................................37
    [Show full text]
  • Überblick Sharing Economy [1 Von 2]
    Überblick Sharing Economy [1 von 2] Dauer Komplexität Seite Einleitung 3 Kurzer Einstieg in den Themenbereich, der die Anliegen sowie Kennt- nisse, Fertigkeiten, Kompetenzen sowie Quellen und Links zum Thema übersichtlich darstellt. Hintergründe für Lehrkräfte 35 Fachinformationen zum Themenbereich, die den aktuellen Wissens- stand zum Thema kurz zusammenfassen. Sharing Economy Informationen für Lehrkräfte und SchülerInnen 5 Sharing Economy 5 KonsumentInnen in der Sharing Economy 51 Methodenpool 9 Einführung Methode „Sätze bilden“ 15‘ bis 30‘ Mittel 9 Ausgestattet mit vorbereiteten Satzanfängen und Satzenden vertei- len sich die SchülerInnen im Raum. Sie fügen die passenden Sätze zusammen und das Thema Sharing Economy wird gemeinsam im Klassenverband besprochen. Erarbeitung Methode „Zeitungsartikel“ 50‘ bis 90‘ Komplex 16 Verschiedene Zeitungsartikel über Sharing Beispiele aus der Praxis werden in Gruppen gelesen, analysiert und thematisch nachbear- beitet. Methode „Sharing Economy Beispiele“ 30‘ bis 60‘ Mittel 49 Sharing Economy Beispiele aus der Praxis werden gemeinsam gesammelt und im Anschluss in Kleingruppen dazu recherchiert und am Arbeitsblatt nachbearbeitet. Ergebnissicherung Methode „Sharing Economy in der Klasse“ 30‘ bis 60‘ Mittel 54 In der Klasse wird ein konkretes Sharing Beispiel (Tauschbörse) initiiert und durchgeführt. Methode „Meine Sharing Story“ 20 bis 60‘ Einfach 56 Das eigene Erleben einer Sharing Economy wird in Form einer Ge- schichte individuell nacherzählt. Copyright: Alle Rechte vorbehalten. 1 Die verwendeten Texte, Bilder und Grafiken sowie das Layout dieser Seiten unterliegen weltweitem Urheberrecht. Die unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe 07/2020 einzelner Inhalte oder kompletter Seiten ist untersagt. Dies gilt ebenso für die unerlaubte Einbindung einzelner Inhalte oder kompletter Seiten auf Websites anderer BetreiberInnen. Das Einrichten von Links auf diese Website ist jedoch ausdrücklich gestattet.
    [Show full text]