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Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education ISSN 2467-9550 Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education Vol. 10 Year 2020 One Decade (2010-2020) Editor-in-Chief Prof. Ramesh Raj Kunwar Associate Editor Basant P. Joshi INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE SWITZERLAND AITM School of Hotel Management (Affi liated to International Management Institute, Switzerland) Aims and Scope We are very happy to off er Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education, Vol.10, 2020, to our readers. Th is journal is an annual peer-reviewed journal launched by Asian Institute of Technology and Management, Kathmandu, Nepal, affi liat- ed with International Management Institute (IMI), Switzerland. Journal is one of the most important sources of produc- ing scientifi c knowledge in the academia. Basically knowledge is communicated and shared in the academic community through research. Not all forms of knowledge qualify as scientifi c knowledge. In order to be scientifi c, knowledge must be systemic, methodical, general and critical. Th is journal is multi-interdisciplinary journal which welcomes original research articles, research notes and book reviews. Articles should be original and unpublished, based on both primary and secondary sources refl ecting new interpretations, written in English. Th e research article should have minimum 6,000 words; 3,000 words for research notes; 3,000 words for book review; and 300 words for abstract including fi ve keywords. Th e research work should be based on global research methodol- ogy in which the researcher will be required to use parentheses or author date system or in text citation. Aft er receiving the research papers, it will be fi rst consulted by the editor-in-chief and then it will be sent to the expert(s) for evaluating the paper. Th e last date of paper submission will be by the end of June of the following year. Th e authors will not be charged any fee for publishing their articles. Call for Paper Th e article will be accepted in the area of theory and fi eld based empirical research on sustainable tourism, mountain tourism and mountaineering tourism, tourism and natural disaster, cultural heritage tourism, festival tourism, pilgrim- age tourism, rural tourism, village tourism, urban tourism, geo-tourism, adventure tourism, ecotourism, environmental tourism, event tourism, voluntourism, wildlife tourism, dark tourism, over tourism, tourism and politics, nostalgia tourism, tourism planning, destination development, health tourism, agri-tourism, tourism marketing, human resource management, hospitality, tourism education, tourism and research methodology, peace tourism (but not limited to:). Author Guidelines Manuscripts should be typed double-space on A4 sized paper with a 4 cm margin on all four sides. Th e author should underline nothing except words which are to be italicized. Notes and references should be typed double-space on separate pages which should be included at the end of the articles. In case, if it is required, the text should refer to notes numbered consecutively throughout the article using raised numbers which should be mentioned at the end of the text before references. Th is means footnotes must be avoided. Th e citations and references should be based on APA method. For example (Th e mentioned below are pseudonym), in text citation, there should be: (Egger, 2013, p. 17); Egger (2013) and at the end of the sentences (p. 15); Indentation and Ellipses must be followed: ... one paragraph of sentences in single space at the center with italic... (published date and page no.) Th e references will be started from the surname of the author e.g. Th ompson, L. (2013). E-Tourism, London: Sage Publica- tion. In the case of two authors, e.g., Smith, R., & Basnet, R. (2005). Tourism Profi le of Nepal, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point. If there are more than two authors, e.g. Egger, M., Th apa, N., & Ranabhat, K. (2013), Raft ing in Nepal, Kathmandu: Nepal Association of River Raft ing Agents, there will be Egger et al. (2013, p. 21). In the case of chapter published in edited book, there will be Fisher, X. (1980). Life in the Land without Wheels. In Ortner, M. (Ed.) Tourists and Tourism, Kathmandu: Sen Publications. In the case of edited book, Lamichhane, S., Rawal, L., & Spenser, D. (Eds.) (2007). Tourism in Asia, New Delhi: Adroit Publisher. In the case of research article published in the Journal, Tarlow, C. (1991). Tourism, safety and security. Th e GAZE Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 4(1), 7-28. If the text has been published by the orga- nization, i.e. Tourism Board (2009). Natural and Cultural Heritage of Nepal, Kathmandu. In case of unpublished thesis, Rawal, N.N. (2012). A Study of Cultural Heritage Tourism in Bhaktapur, An Unpublished Ph.D. Th esis Submitted to the Nabil University, Kathmandu, Nepal. For 2/3 publications in the same year, put author’s name (2015a, 2015b). Research- ers are suggested to follow the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA Manual), 2009, Sixth Edition, Washington, DC. Entries in the references should be in alphabetical and chronological order of the authors. Tables and maps should be submitted along with the text, numbered with headings. Notations in the text should indicate where these are to appear. As far as illustrations and fi gures are concerned, the authors are requested to send along with the text where it is relevant and send it separately in jpg format. Th e Editor-in-Chief has right to accept or reject the articles for publication. If the article is rejected, it will be returned to the author. Authors receive three copies of the issue in which their article appears. Th e editors welcome enquiries from the readers if they are willing to publish their articles in this journal. Th e audiences are suggested to go through www.nepjol. info for reading the papers published in this journal. Views expressed in the articles are purely personal and the academic opinion of the authors which are not necessarily endorsed by the publisher and editorial board. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education Vol. 10 Year 2020 Advisory Board Prof. Dr. Sriram Bhagut Mathe Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Ram Manohar Shrestha Prof. Ramesh Raj Kunwar Prof. Dr. Sudarshan Raj Tiwari Prof. Dr. Prem Nath Maskey Associate Editor Prof. Gavin R R Caldwell Basant P. Joshi Umesh Shrestha Pramod Pradhan Bhupadas Rajbhandari Asian Institute of Technology and Management School of Hotel Management (AITM-SHM) Tel: 5541179/55487729 Email: [email protected] Web: www.aitm.edu.np Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education Vol. 10 Year 2020 CONTENTS Ruhet GENÇ 1 Artifi cial Intelligence and the Development of Smart Tourism Raja Puteri Saadiah Raja Abdullah 8 Gastronomy Tourism Growth in Siti Suriawati Isa Malaysia: A Case Study of Malay Restaurants Performance in Klang Valley Hari Dhoj Rai 22 Buddhism and Tourism: A Study of Lumbini, Nepal Rojan Baniya 53 Attitude, Motivation and Barriers for Kripa Rajak CSR Engagement among Travel and Tour Operators in Nepal Mohammad Ismail Hossain 71 SWOT Analysis of Forest Protected Bishnu Prasad Khanal Area Based Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study in the Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh Ramji Sharma 90 Sociology of Tourism: Shifting Paradigm from Nostalgia to Happiness Nimesh Ulak 108 A Preliminary Study of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) Outbreak: A Pandemic Leading Crisis in Tourism Industry of Nepal Ramesh Raj Kunwar 132 Airbnb:Understanding the Concept, Recognizing the Values Kumar Bhatta 170 What is Agritourism in Nepal? Vineet Kumar 179 Indian Tourism Industry and COVID- 19: Present Scenario Journal of Tourism & Hospitality EducaƟ on (2020) 10, 1-7 Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education Artifi cial Intelligence and the Development of Smart Tourism Ruhet GENÇ Turkish-German University, Turkey [email protected] Article History Abstract Received 19 February 2020 Accepted 27 February 2020 Th e main intention of this manuscript is to fi ll this gap by evaluating the impacts of artifi cial intelligence on the development of smart tourism. Th e study will start with discussing previous literature on smart tourism and contributions of artifi cial intelligence on the development of tourism based on earlier academic fi ndings and practical implications. For methodology, the paper will follow literature Keywords review as a guideline and the fi ndings will be critically Smart tourism, evaluated. Besides that, the study will suggest a model artifi cial intelligence, whereby the impact of artifi cial intelligence on smart tourism technology, will be quantitatively analyzed. In the suggested model, social inclusion, related economic, technological, social and environmental sustainability variables including total revenue created by smart tourism using artifi cial intelligence, contributions of technological improvement, the degree of social inclusion to tourism activities for disadvantaged individuals (such as elderly, people with disabilities, pregnant women etc.) with respect to the artifi cial intelligence applications, and the degree Corresponding Editor of environmental degradation parallel to the shift to smart Ramesh Raj Kunwar [email protected] tourism. Copyright © 2020 Author Published by: AITM School of Hotel Management, Knowledge Village, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal ISSN 2467-9550 2 Journal of Tourism & Hospitality EducaƟ on (2020) 10, 1-7 In conclusion, the paper will argue that the presence of artifi cial intelligence has created a new opportunity for tourism where economic, social and environmental benefi ts can be obtained, therefore local and regional governments should promote the applications regarding to artifi cial intelligence as well as encouraging national and international stakeholders to invest in artifi cial intelligence induced smart tourism sector. All in all, the future of world are in the hands of current political and economic decisions; hence a focus on artifi cial intelligence in tourism may provide everlasting benefi ts not only for those who engage in tourism activity as tourists, but it is also capable of increasing the life quality of service providers and tourism investors by providing them an opportunity for a sustainable economic revenue within a healthier environment.
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