A Reference for Individuals and Groups Forming and Sustaining Cooperative Businesses
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HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES in OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements F
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By WILLIAM TAFT RICHIE, B. S., M. S. The Ohio State University 1958 Approved by: Adviser Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to all the people who have helped to make this manuscript possible. A special word of appre ciation goes to Dr. George P. Henning, of the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, for his guidance and supervision. I also wish to thank Dr. Ralph W. Sherman and Dr. Virgil R. Wertz for their suggestions and assistance. My wife, Sadie, has been a source of inestimable help and encouragement at all times. To her I am indebted for the typing of this manuscript. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION................................. 1 Purpose and Scope of Study.............. Previous Studies........ 6 Source of Data ..................... 8 II. ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF COOPERATIVES................................ 10 III. STATE AND FEDERAL LEGISLATIONS.............. lk- IV. DEVELOPMENT OF FARMER COOPERATIVES IN OHIO.. 21 Ohio Farmers Late in Organizing Cooperatives............................. 22 Farm Organizations............ 26 Number, Membership and Volume of Business................................. 39 V. DAIRY COOPERATIVES............... 57 Early Developments.......... 57 Some Factors Affecting Development and Growth................................... 61 Background Information of Some of the Associations Operating in Ohio Milksheds. 67 Ohio Milk Producers Federation.......... 82 Statistics and Trends in Dairy Coopera tives.................................... 82 VI. FRUIT AND VEGETABLE COOPERATIVES............ 89 Development of Fruit Cooperatives in Ohio..................................... 90 Development of Vegetable Cooperatives.... 92 Statistics and Trends................... -
Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives
USDA Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives: United States Department of Agriculture The Story of the Capper- Rural Business- Volstead Act Cooperative Service Cooperative Information Report 59 Abstract The Capper-Volstead Act provides a limited exemption from antitrust liability for agricultural producers who market the products they produce on a cooperative basis. Without Capper-Volstead, farmers who agree among themselves on the pric es they'll accept for their products and other terms of trade would risk being held in violation of antitrust law. Even with the exemption, agricultural producers are not free to unduly enhance the prices they charge, consolidate with or collaborate in anticompetitive conduct with nonproducers, or engage in conduct with no legitimate business purpose that is intended to reduce competition. Keywords: cooperative, antitrust, Capper-Volstead Act, law ________________________________________ Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives: The Story of the Capper-Volstead Act Donald A. Frederick Program Leader Law, Policy & Governance Rural Business-Cooperative Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Information Report 59 September 2002 RBS publications and information are available on the Internet. The RBS w eb site is: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs Preface Antitrust law poses a special challenge to agricultural marketing associations. Certain conduct by independent business people-- agreeing on prices, terms of sale, and whom to sell to--violates the Sherman Act and other antitrust statutes. And these are the very types of collaborative activities that agricultural producers conduct through their marketing cooperatives. Since 1922, the Capper-Volstead Act has provided a limited antitrust exemption for agricultural marketing associations. Producers, through qualifying associations, can agree on prices and other terms of sale, select the extent of their joint marketing activity, agree on common marketing practices with other cooperatives, and achieve substantial market share and influence. -
A Day in the Life of Cooperative America
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF COOPERATIVE AMERICA A Project of the National Co-op Month Committee COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES Cooperatives follow seven internationally recognized principles as adopted in 1995 by the International Cooperative Alliance. The National Cooperative Business Association lists these as: 1. Voluntary and Open Membership Cooperatives are voluntary organizations, open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination. 2. Democratic Member Control Cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members, who actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the membership. In primary cooperatives, members have equal voting rights (one member, one vote) and cooperatives at other levels are organized in a democratic manner. 3. Member Economic Participation Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the capital of their cooperative. At least part of that capital is usually the common property of the cooperative. They usually receive limited compensation, if any, on capital subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any or all of the following purposes: developing the cooperative, possibly by setting up reserves, part of which at least would be indivisible; benefiting members in proportion to their transactions with the cooperative; and supporting other activities approved by the membership. 4. Autonomy and Independence Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help organizations controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other organizations, including governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their cooperative autonomy. -
For All the People
Praise for For All the People John Curl has been around the block when it comes to knowing work- ers’ cooperatives. He has been a worker owner. He has argued theory and practice, inside the firms where his labor counts for something more than token control and within the determined, but still small uni- verse where labor rents capital, using it as it sees fit and profitable. So his book, For All the People: The Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America, reached expectant hands, and an open mind when it arrived in Asheville, NC. Am I disappointed? No, not in the least. Curl blends the three strands of his historical narrative with aplomb, he has, after all, been researching, writing, revising, and editing the text for a spell. Further, I am certain he has been responding to editors and publishers asking this or that. He may have tired, but he did not give up, much inspired, I am certain, by the determination of the women and men he brings to life. Each of his subtitles could have been a book, and has been written about by authors with as many points of ideological view as their titles. Curl sticks pretty close to the narrative line written by worker own- ers, no matter if they came to work every day with a socialist, laborist, anti-Marxist grudge or not. Often in the past, as with today’s worker owners, their firm fails, a dream to manage capital kaput. Yet today, as yesterday, the democratic ideals of hundreds of worker owners support vibrantly profitable businesses. -
Articles Cooperative Enterprise As an Antimonopoly Strategy
ART 1 - COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE (DO NOT DELETE) 10/22/2019 4:02 PM Articles Cooperative Enterprise as an Antimonopoly Strategy Sandeep Vaheesan* & Nathan Schneider† ABSTRACT After decades of neglect, antitrust is once again a topic of public debate. Proponents of reviving antitrust have called for abandoning the narrow consumer welfare objective and embracing a broader set of objectives. One essential element that has been overlooked thus far is the ownership structure of the firm itself. The dominant model of investor- owned business and associated philosophy of shareholder wealth maximization exacerbate the pernicious effects of market power. In contrast, cooperative ownership models can mitigate the effects of monopoly and oligopoly, as well as advance the interests of consumers, workers, small business owners, and citizens. The promotion of fair competition among large firms should be paired with support for democratic cooperation within firms. Antitrust law has had a complicated history and relationship with cooperative enterprise. Corporations threatened by cooperatives have used the antitrust laws to frustrate the growth of these alternative businesses. To *Legal Director, Open Markets Institute. †Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, University of Colorado Boulder. The authors thank Lauren Bridges, Michelle Meagher, Sanjukta Paul, and Ganesh Sitaraman for thoughtful feedback on earlier drafts of this Article. 1 ART 1 - COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE (DO NOT DELETE) 10/22/2019 4:02 PM 2 PENN STATE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 124:1 insulate cooperatives from the antitrust threat, Congress has enacted exemptions to protect cooperative entities, notably a general immunity for farm cooperatives in the 1922 Capper-Volstead Act. As part of an agenda to tame corporate monopoly, all three branches of the federal government and the states should revisit these ideas and seek to protect and enable the cooperative model across the economy. -
Cooperative Education Inventory Study
Cooperative Education Inventory Study By Eklou Amendah & Christina Clamp Center for Co-operatives & CED Southern New Hampshire University February 2014 Prepared for The Cooperative Foundation Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5 II. Literature: Assessing the need for cooperative education ....................................................................... 6 III. Overview of Co-op Education Organizational Settings ............................................................................ 8 IV. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 10 V. Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 VI. Discussion of the Results ....................................................................................................................... 19 VII. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 24 1. Limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 25 2. Future research .............................................................................................................................. -
Principles and Practices in the 21St Century
A1457 Cooperatives: Principles and practices in the 21st century Kimberly A. Zeuli and Robert Cropp ABOUT THE COVER IMAGE: The “twin pines” is a familiar symbol for cooperatives in the United States.The Cooperative League of the USA, which eventually became the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA), adopted it as their logo in 1922.The pine tree is an ancient symbol of endurance and immor- tality.The two pines represent mutual cooperation—people helping people. C OOPERATIVES: q Publication notes ii C ont Chapter 1 1 An introduction to cooperatives Chapter 2 5 ents Historical development of cooperatives throughout the world Chapter 3 15 Cooperative history, trends, and laws in the United States Chapter 4 27 Cooperative classification Chapter 5 39 Alternative business models in the United States Chapter 6 49 Cooperative roles, responsibilities, and communication Chapter 7 59 Cooperative financial management Chapter 8 69 Procedures for organizing a cooperative Chapter 9 77 A summary of cooperative benefits and limitations Notes 81 Glossary 85 Cooperative resources 89 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES IN THE 21ST CENTURY i Kimberly Zeuli and Robert Cropp, Assistant Publication notes Professor and Professor Emeritus in the This publication is the fourth and most extensive Department of Agricultural and Applied revision of the Marvin A. Schaars’ text, Cooperatives, Economics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Principles and Practices, University of Wisconsin are responsible for all of the editing and most Extension—Madison, Publication A1457, July 1980. of the revised text. The following individuals What has come to be known simply as “the also contributed to various chapters: Schaars book,” was originally written in 1936 by David Erickson, Director of Member Relations, Chris L. -
Legal, Tax & Accounting Conference
Legal, Tax & Accounting Conference AGENDA AGENDA National Council of Farmer Cooperatives Legal, Tax & Accounting Conference Hilton New Orleans Riverside, LA February 7-9, 2018 WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7 2:00–4:00pm CFO Roundtable Camp Room Moderated by: Joe Werstak, CFO, United Producers, Inc. This informal roundtable session will include discussion of current issues faced by CFOs. Topics will include cybersecurity, human resources challenges, budgeting and more. 6:00–8:00pm Welcome Reception St. Charles Ballroom Attendees and guests are welcome. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8 6:30-8:00am Buffet Breakfast Grand Ballrooms C&D 8:30-10:15am LTA Conference Participation in NCFC General Session I Grand Ballrooms A&B Chairman’s Welcome President’s Remarks “Facing New Challenges to Security and Privacy” 10:15am Break 10:30-Noon LTA General Session I Grand Salon A Moderated by: Alan Weinstein, Vice President/Tax, CoBank 10:30-10:50am Welcome and Self Introductions 10:50-12:00pm Tax Reform Implications for Cooperatives Featuring: George Benson, Partner, McDermott Will & Emery Marlis Carson, Sr. Vice President & General Counsel, NCFC Bob Glass, Tax Director, Land O’Lakes, Inc. Eric Krienert, Director, Moss Adams, LLP This session will explore the new Section 199A calculations for both farmers and cooperatives; interest deductibility; expensing; and other tax reform provisions. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8—CONTINUED 12:15–1:45pm Industry Relations Luncheon & Awards Program Grand Ballrooms C&D All are welcome to attend Featuring: Chris Stirewalt, Politics Editor, Fox News and Co-host, “I’ll Tell You What” 12:15–1:45pm LTA In-House Luncheons (By invitation only) • CFO Working Group Grand Salon B • In-House General Counsels Marlborough B • Tax Directors Forum Marlborough A 2:00-5:00pm LTA General Session II Grand Salon A Moderated by: David Antoni, Managing Director, KPMG LLP 2:00-3:00pm Cooperative Bylaws and Articles: Top Issues for Your Consideration Featuring: Teree Castanias, CPA Todd Eskelsen, Partner, Schiff Hardin LLP Dan Mott, Shareholder, Fredrikson & Byron, P.A. -
Diversity in Governance
National Cooperative Business Association CLUSA International | Fall 2020 Building Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Amid Crisis Diversity in Governance Essential Workers A cooperative model for deeper, From Wi-Fi hotspots to waived more meaningful impact late fees, electric co-ops stepped Karen Miner and Sonja Novkovic up to support their communities — p 4 during COVID-19 Russell Tucker and Mike Sassman —p 26 Order Up ChiFresh Kitchen is Driving Change serving workplace equity, Immigrant entrepreneurs put the entrepreneurship and economic brakes on a predatory system stability Greg Irving, with Capital Impact Partners—p 32 research by Camille Kerr and collaborators—p 16 Your Choices Reflect Your Values. Your Bank Should, Too. www.ncb.coopII | THE COOPERATIVE BUSINESS JOURNAL THE COOPERATIVE BUSINESS JOURNAL NCBA CLUSA 1775 Eye Street NW, 8th Floor, Washington DC 20006 NCBA CLUSA - PUBLISHER CONTENTS Doug O’Brien President & CEO 2 Perspectives Valeria Roach Doug O’Brien Chief Financial Officer EDITOR IN CHIEF 4 Diversity in Governance John Torres A cooperative model for Vice President of Communication & Public Relations , NCBA CLUSA deeper, more meaningful impact. By Karen Miner and MANAGING EDITOR Sonja Novkovic Elizabeth Lechleitner Senior Manager, Communication & Public Relations, NCBA CLUSA SOCIAL MEDIA EDITOR Isabelle Shinsato Communication & Public Relations Associate, NCBA CLUSA 16 Order Up ChiFresh Kitchen is DESIGN serving workplace equity, Slice®Works entrepreneurship and slice-works.com economic stability. By Greg Irving, with research by EDITORIAL BOARD Camille Kerr and collaborators Tamela Blalock Your Choices Reflect Vice President of Cooperative Relations, NCBA CLUSA Leslie Mead 26 Essential Workers Executive Director, Cooperative Development Foundation From Wi-Fi hotspots to Rebecca Savoie waived late fees, electric Cooperative Development Consultant co-ops stepped up to support their communities Your Values. -
Statistics on Cooperatives: Concepts, Classification, Work and Economic Contribution Measurement
X Statistics on Cooperatives Concepts, classification, work and economic contribution measurement #3 Statistics on Cooperatives: Concepts, classification, work and economic contribution measurement International Labour Office • Geneva Copyright © International Labour Organization 2020 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Statistics on Cooperatives: Concepts, classification, work and economic contribution measurement / International Labour Office (ILO); Committee for the Promotion and Advancement of Cooperatives (COPAC); International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy (CIRIEC) – Geneva: ILO, 2020. ISBN: 9789220331361 (Web PDF) The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office. -
Lenders Participating in PPP by Project State As of 06/25/2020 ALPS FCU AK Academy Bank, National Association AK Alaska USA
Lenders Participating in PPP by project state as of 06/25/2020 Lender Name Project State ALPS FCU AK Academy Bank, National Association AK Alaska USA FCU AK American Express National Bank AK American State Bank AK Arizona Central CU AK Atlantic Union Bank AK Axos Bank AK BBVA USA AK BMO Harris Bank National Association AK Baker Boyer National Bank AK Banc of California, National Association AK Bank Five Nine AK Bank of America, National Association AK Bank of Charles Town AK Bank of Hope AK Bank of St. Elizabeth AK Bank of the Pacific AK Bank of the West AK Banner Bank AK Belmont Bank & Trust Company AK Black Hills FCU AK Cache Valley Bank AK CapStar Bank AK Capital Community Bank AK Capital One, National Association AK Celtic Bank Corporation AK Centinel Bank of Taos AK Century Bank of the Ozarks AK Chain Bridge Bank, National Association AK ChoiceOne Bank AK Citizens Bank, National Association AK City Bank AK City National Bank AK Clearinghouse CDFI PPP AK CoBank ACB AK Coastal Community Bank AK Columbia State Bank AK Comerica Bank AK Commencement Bank AK Commonwealth Business Bank AK Community Bank of Mississippi AK Continental Bank AK Cross River Bank AK Customers Bank AK Dacotah Bank AK Deerwood Bank AK Denali State Bank AK FC Marketplace, LLC (dba Funding Circle) AK Farmers and Drovers Bank AK First Bank AK First Bank of the Lake AK First Citizens Bank of Butte AK First Command Bank AK First Federal Savings & Loan Association of Port AngelesAK d/b/a First Federal First Federal Savings Bank of Twin Falls AK First Financial Bank, National Association AK First Foundation Bank AK First Home Bank AK First International Bank & Trust AK First Interstate Bank AK First Midwest Bank of Poplar Bluff AK First National Bank Alaska AK First Republic Bank AK First State Bank AK First State Community Bank AK First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company AK FirstBank AK Fortis Private Bank AK Fountainhead SBF LLC AK Frandsen Bank & Trust AK Fund-Ex Solutions Group, LLC AK Fundbox, Inc. -
Approved Vendor List
APPROVED VENDOR LIST No vendor number listed means the vendor did not assign a number. State Company Name Vendor # USA ABM (Valiant Integrated Services) 7500740 USA Acadia Healthcare USA AdventHealth (FKA Adventist Health) 000 0000 718 USA Aleut Management Services ALSCO Inc (American Linen, American USA Industrial) VUNIL01 USA Alutiiq Commercial Ent. USA Amcor Rigid Plastics Orders & Invoices through Ariba - Must have PO Must have NXS# Property ID - invoices through Nexus System - USA American House Senior Living Communities Vendor# in Nexus 428801 USA American Renal Associates (ARA) 22564 - Invoices: Acounts Payable, PO Box 12 Hooksett NH 03106 USA American Water USA Apartment Management Consultants 554586 USA Aramark Food Services 5104550024 USA Arcadis USA Arcelor Mittal 0397696 USA Archer Daniels Midland - ADM USA Ardent Health Services (VendorProof) USA Ariba Supplier Network Supplier # AN01000123005 USA Armour Eckrich Meats LLC 101424 USA Ascension Health 0000132844 - Must have PO - invoices to [email protected] USA Atlantic Dialysis Management Services USA Atria Retirement Must have PO - Email invoice to [email protected] Avis Budget Group (includes Zipcar, Payless Must have PO, US sales invoiced to [email protected] USA and Apex) Canada sales to: [email protected] Bell Partners Apartment Investment & USA Management 303398 USA Belmont Village Senior Living 2715 USA Bickford Senior Living UNITLAB USA Bon Secours Mercy Health USA BowlMor AMF 1615250 Boyd Gaming (Sam's Town Hotel and Casino USA and others) 1012794 USA Bozzuto (Apartment Management) 1194555 0000107723 - 5 Digit Location Code & COUPA PO, Bill to PO Box 81180 Cleveland OH 44181-0180 & RTN INV to AR for upload in USA Brookdale Senior Living COUPA system USA Brookfield Properties Must have PO - Invoices OPS Tech USA Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) 0002042246 Registered for MidWest only - if you are working with a buyer in another USA C&W Services (Cushman & Wakefield) region, we will need to register that region.