International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge Volume-6 Issue-2, February 2021

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE ISSN-2213-1356 www.ijirk.com

MARXIST CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES: INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL TOURISM ON CULTURAL IDENTITY

Wei Yueting School of Marxism， China West Normal University, 637000, China

Abstract Marxist Cultural Perspectives great emphasis on practicality, starting from the reality of care is an important cultural phenomenon perspective of Marxism View of Culture. Cultural tourism has a cultural aesthetic value leading to experiential characteristics; it is an important historical and cultural heritage realistic path. China Nanchong City, for example, the importance of cultural tourism for the construction of cultural identity in.

Key words: Cultural tourism; Cultural identity; Ascension path

Introduction Cultural tourism, generally speaking, refers to a special interest in seeking a different traveling based on participation in the new and deeper cultural experience. It has a few differences from general tourism, in that traveling is a cultural phenomenon after all, of which people experience new cultures every time they travel. From the narrow point of view, cultural tourism refers to a kind of human life along with its surroundings or its local features which are fading away in humans’ memory. That is reflected in the disappearance of the old houses, traditionally weaved textiles, horse or ox-drawn vehicles and plows, handicrafts. [1]

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International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge ISSN-2213-1356

Cultural tourism is an important way of historical and cultural heritage. It is an important part of Marxist Cultural Perspectives concern practice. Marxist Cultural Perspectives from the perspective of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, reveals the universal law of human social and cultural development.[2] To inherit cultural heritage, people not only need to expand basic theory of history and culture, but also form the historical and cultural identity. Cultural tourism is one of the traveling ways greatly supported by government in China in recent years. In cultural traveling, people tend to accept and inherit the historical and cultural heritage more easily when they get familiar with specific and vivid cultural goods or experience the whole process of the cultural traveling. Therefore, cultural tourism is an important historical and cultural heritage realistic path with historical and cultural value to the dominant experiential characteristics. On account of the various cultural tourism resources across China, I analyze the important influence of cultural tourism on cultural identity. According to the perspective of regional culture, I take Nanchong City for example, a representation of the folk culture and the culture revolution.

Cultural tourism is an important way of historical and cultural heritage. It is an important part of Marxist Cultural Perspectives concern practice. Marxist Cultural Perspectives from the perspective of dialectical materialism and historical materialism reveals the universal law of human social and cultural development.

Analysis on cultural characteristics of Nanchong’s tourism Nanchong cultural resources are overall organized, and the network are constructed preliminary for historical and cultural tourism Nanchong City is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of Province (River North), the . Dating from that 202 BC Han emperor set up Anhan Yi, the famous cultural city has a history of 2,200 years of urban construction. Nanchong City is the north-central city of - Economic Zone and the northeast (northeast Sichuan) center of the economic, culture, transportation, trade and information dissemination. Nanchong is also the birthplace of the Three Kingdoms culture and Chinese New Year culture, sparkling with the local custom, Three Kingdoms culture, silk culture, red culture and Jialing cultural, Sichuan North puppet, Kawakita light opera, Kawakita paper cutting, Kawakita shadow play, which are renowned in home and abroad. It is the hometown of ancient poet Simaxiangru, historian Chen Shou, astronomical calendar master Luo Xiaohong and respectable General Ji Xing because of his loyalty and integrity, etc. Nanchong is an important part of Sichuan and Shaanxi revolutionary base, Marshal Zhu De, General Luo Ruiqing, a democratic revolutionist Zhang Lan and a great communist soldier Zhang Side were born here.There are more than 50,000 residents who have been in Red Army. Depending on these historical and cultural resources, Langzhong custom culture and revolutionary culture become two key development directions of the Cultural Tourism in Nanchong.

Dating back to the , Nanchong Langzhong city was the capital of state. Since Langzhong County was set in 314 BC, it has been 2300 years. Langzhong is the provincial capital through Dynasties. In Han and Tang Dynasties, Langzhong was the astronomy research center, where the famous astronomer Luo Xiahong created a "calendar was in the beginning," and the first armillary sphere in the world. Langzhong is one of the four ancient cities that are best preserved in China now, known as the biggest "feng shui city". Well-protected ancient streets, pavilions, temples, stone inscriptions of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties constitute the unique tourism resources and colorful cultural connotation.

The development of the folk culture has a good tendency nowadays. The government focuses on the development and utilization of the revolutionary culture. The cultural tourism gets orderly developed under the guide of Chinese policies and the support of the local government, These revolutionary heritages and relics being well explored and protected. The government keeps constructing series of revolutionary scenic regions, such as the Zhu De’s former residence. www.ijirk.com 30 | P a g e

International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge Volume-6 Issue-2, February 2021

Meanwhile, Nanchong City is the hub to connect Chongqing, Chengdu, , , and other cities in Northeast Sichuan, and it is an integral part of many domestic cultural tourism routes, Nanchong roads, railways, airlines and ship routs, which form a complete transportation network, allowing more convenient and fast transportation to attract foreign tourists. It becomes a unique "two-hour economic circle" in the northeast Sichuan.

Nanchong City, the regional brand of cultural tourism, has unique cultural values and political functions Human Geographers believe that unique culture of one city will be the main force and core competence drive itself to be distinctive among all the cities, though the factors driving a city to a better one are various from economy to culture. Indeed, every city has its own unique history and culture. A unique culture will be the core competitiveness and motivate force in its development.[3] As the origin, bearer and disseminator of its culture, Nanchong City has unique cultural gene that can not be copied.

First, the rich historical and cultural resources in Nanchong get hierarchical explored and protected so that its brand has unique attraction. Nanchong as the hometown of Marshal Zhu De, Gneral and vice-chairman Luo, the birthplace of the great soldier Zhang Side, and among the fifty thousand people who have been in the Red Army, there are 21 generals, so the generals’ hometown has a very distinct attraction, making Nanchong become "In Yuzhong, focused in northeast Sichuan and Chongqing Sichuan and Shaanxi Cultural Tourism Zone". Cultural tourism makes history a sense of reality, making it possible that the historical culture and modern tourism get intertwined. As well, it enhances the cultural and historical identity of the local residents and visitors. historical sense of cultural traveling is mainly from the perception of history and culture through recalling the history of people, events, relics, and the soul, sublimating their own recognition of history and culture. The sense of reality mainly dues to two aspects:the pursuit of the spirit development and the interaction with local people when people travel. Secondly, in Nanchong City, history, culture and history are closely related. Nanchong is named "Kawakita heart" and "Kawakita city". From the , since An Han was established in 202 BC, it has been more than 2200 years. Since the ,it was continuously the province of all the dynasties, then, Three cites became the administration of northern Sichuanduring the liberty era: the national-level historical and cultural city langzhong, the provincial famous historical and cultural cities Nanchong and PengAn . There are also scenery like Shou rolls of Floor and Han Huanhou Temple (also known as Temple), relating to cultures dominated by the Three Kingdoms culture. Besides There are provincial-level scenic spots such as Jinping, sun, clouds Walled Lake liter bell, the hometown of Zhu De and Luo Ruiqing. All the splendid culture resources integrate the historical and cultural city. Therefore, it plays an important role that Nanchong City Cultural tourism upholds the socialist core value system and builds its own cultural brand through historical and cultural practice.

Existing problems of the cultural tourism in Nanchong has impacts on enhancing the historical and cultural heritage Cultural traveling attracts increasing numbers of people, but causes problems at the same time. For example, in "51" and "11" holiday tourists increase sharply, causing traffic congestion and disorder. Although in Nanchong City, the major central attractions were well explored and built, with good environmental capacity for tourists, the problems of the construction of corresponding infrastructures have not been solved yet. There are still problems that need to be solved, such as traffic, diet differences and other accommodation problems. Meanwhile, Nanchong City cultural traveling spots are dispersed, but the propaganda was defective. Except Langzhong city, the former residence of Zhu De, and the former residence of Zhang Lan which are well developed, the development of other attractions has not been completed.

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International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge ISSN-2213-1356

Accordingly, in order to improve the status of cultural tourism in Nanchong City and fully take advantage of the historical and cultural resources, I give some suggestions from the experiential perspective about the construction of the development pattern of its cultural tourism.

Improve Nanchong cultural tourism and enhance people’s historical and cultural identity Pay attention and attach importance to cultural history and culture of Nanchong City Theoretically, Nanchong, Sichuan and Shaanxi cultural tourism both are under the regional cultural tourism and share cultural similarities, and they also have their own historical and cultural characteristics. As for their cultural similarities, the emotional value of cultural tourism bases on the sense of patriotism. tourists share emotional resonance through education, visit, and learning, reaching deeply understanding the traditional slogan "rise and fall, everyone is responsible". A variety of cultural characteristics of the historical and cultural city make the city special to the tourists. Therefore, it is indispensable to do much deeper exploration about the historical and cultural themes, focusing on the development of the cultural tourism. Diversifying cultural tourism products in consolidating and developing the national patriotism education. Promoting the harmonious development of historical culture, local culture, and ecological culture, completing a large system of cultural industries regarding the culture and history as the core, and improving regional competitiveness by enhancing cultural soft power.

Practically, the study on cultural tourism development in Nanchong and the surrounding area will help the government strengthen the patriotic education, protect and utilize the revolutionary historical and cultural heritage, promote the comprehensive development of the economy of old revolutionary areas, and help foster development a new growth point of tourism. Meanwhile, with people’s demand for traveling increasing in their leisure time, there are more opportunities to the market of the cultural tourism.

The brand of culture traveling should be deeper exploited With both cultural and educational attributes, the characteristics of the cultural resources define the theme of cultural tourism. Only the continuous exploration for more profound cultural connotation can it be certain to ensure the sustainable development of the cultural tourism, thereby, keeping attracting more tourists.

Relying on Nanchong history and culture; organizing cultural resource protection Based on the particularity of cultural tourism, the exhibition of culture relics, as a representative carrier of graphic information, is the key elements of cultural tourism. It is necessary to strengthen the management and protection of the existing revolutionary relics resources. the government are supposed to gather these relics from individuals and NGOs at home and abroad for more complete conservation and management. Cultural tourism is an important way to experience the change of time and space, in which the government should cooperate with local universities for restoration of historical and cultural facts, history and culture. For example, to polish the cultural resources in a modern way: while retaining the original graphic display, it is necessary to diversify the forms of the cultural tourism , such as to add technological models of the famous Battles, to arrange professional interpreter of the biography of great men, to plan activities like experiencing the folk costume and local foods, and to encourage tourists to experience the walking imitating that of revolutionary times, allowing visitors experience the hard life in the past. It is a great choice to design distinctive history and culture souvenirs. From the point of view of tourism marketing, tourism product is mainly composed of natural and environmental aspects, facilities and services destination, the destination of visual image and social activities and other’s. The destination of appreciating the scenery and the environment mainly goes to natural scenery, artificial scenery, and cultural attractions, such as the histories and folklore, religions and arts, festivals, theaters, music’s, dance and other activities. [4] " Curiosity " is an important motivation for tourists to participate in cultural tourism. Therefore, we should mobilize the relevant sector www.ijirk.com 32 | P a g e

International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge Volume-6 Issue-2, February 2021 organizations, collecting researches about the development of historical and cultural characteristics of products in Nanchong. Design cultural tourism products of depth, interest and participation.

Integration of tourism resources, tourism development mode change, improve public services, tourism facilities The traffic conditions in Nanchong generally improves with the support of the local policies, but overall, the core attractions of Sichuan and Shaanxi cultural tourism in the region generally locate in remote mountainous environment. The harsh conditions are relatively difficult for visitors to walk to the destination, but at the same time, it is more likely to feel the revolutionary predecessors, great ambition and unyielding fighting spirit. First, in the histories of culture base on the integration of natural resources and cultural landscape. Red scatters throughout Nanchong resources and local unique geographical landscape present tourists special experiences, and visitors also join the baptism of the spirit of Aesthetic in local customs. Nanchong resources around the city should be linked to each other, with mutual integration of suffering and happiness, so that the residents and visitors are to experience multidimensional culture in Nanchong City; Second, we should pay attention to the historical and cultural propaganda of Nanchong, using comprehensive approach to improve the visibility of Nanchong history and culture: Nanchong city center and the major traffic arteries of the history and culture should be advertised on television and radios, networks and other media of external communication. Third, regional cooperation are required to be supported, initiative market should be expanded to Chengdu, Chongqing, Xi'an and other major domestic markets, and the brand of tourism themes should be strengthened and visualized, constructing diversified portfolios to regulate the improvement of the brand in marketing, finally to achieve a good situation of "Resource Sharing complementary advantages, mutual visitors send ".

Improve the main object of cultural Psychological Analysis of Cultural Tourism As the Australian scholar Graham · A Bolin (Graeme Aplin, 2002) points out: "We do not always provide the knowledge base to our own interpretation, sometimes we limit our knowledge and experience of a particular site or utensils provided interpretation of a series of appropriate capacity, even to rely interpretation provided by other people. "" heritage professionals based on their own knowledge, their experience and their own prejudices to infer facts, it is crucial to recognize who Interpretation "[5] The service of local residents, tour guides, and other workers is indispensable for the tourists to experience the spirit of the historical and cultural heritage in the cultural tourism. Their behavior and mood has a direct impact on the impression of the local culture left to the tourists, so it is necessary to attach importance on the explanation and demonstrate of the history and culture. We should pay attention to the improvement of the staff’s professional accomplishment, to concern about the needs of the descendants of revolutionists and soldiers, to cultivate volunteers who have general understanding of the history and the culture, to put in order the transportation, accommodation and catering around the scenic spots, to make specific administrative and supervisory principles to prevent illegal phenomena, such as cheating and soliciting tourists.

Contemporary demand for historical culture is not only a result of the guide of national policies, but the lack of internal faith of the people. The popularization of history Films, red songs and the rise of the management of the tourism culture reflect the Chinese’s cultural identity to histories. The rise of cultural industries, films and television works have audiences varying from the old and the young, in that they all pursue the "Manner" of excellent behavior. The youth as the future of the nation, play an important role in the development of the country. Their cultural identity is one of the important conditions to achieve socialization. The youth are supposed to concern and understand whatever is related to school or community, abstract or figurative sensibility. They have visual experience about local customs in cultural tourism, looking back and rethinking the history, introspecting themselves for self-development, and realizing cultural identity from cultural tourism experiences. www.ijirk.com 33 | P a g e

International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge ISSN-2213-1356

Epilogue Cultural tourism is not only theme tourism whose resources combine the cultural heritages and natural scenery to promote tourism in the form of a new tourism industry, but also an important way to achieve cultural identity. Investigation in Nanchong, an example of the cultural tourism, is of great practical significance to promote timeliness of the cultural identity by exploring historical and cultural, active and innovative travel patterns.

References [1] Zhu taoxing etc. Progress in recent 10 years of cultural tourism -. "Tourism Management", "Annals of Tourism Research" and "Tourism Tribune" Tourism Tribune Review .2005.6.

[2] She yuanfu. since the Chinese Communist Party congress Innovation and Development of Marxist Cultural Concept [J] Yangzhou University (Humanities and Social Sciences) .2012 (9): 5.

[3] Wei fengqun and Xi yueting. Based on the spread of urban space under cultural heritage perspective gene - A Case Study of Xi'an [J] Urban Studies 2012 Vol.19 (7): 48.

[4] Victor Middleton, Marketing in Travel & Tourism 3rd E-dition P.114-115，Butterworth-Heinemann，1999.

[5] Graeme Aplin. Heritage-Identification, Conservation, and Management, p.46, Oxford University Press,USA,2002．

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