Province City District Longitude Latitude Population Seismic
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region
sustainability Article Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region Meijia Xiao 1 , Qingwen Zhang 1,*, Liqin Qu 2, Hafiz Athar Hussain 1 , Yuequn Dong 1 and Li Zheng 1 1 Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (M.X.); [email protected] (H.A.H.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (L.Z.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-82106031 Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 31 January 2019; Published: 11 February 2019 Abstract: Sloping farmland is an essential type of the farmland resource in China. In the Sichuan province, livelihood security and social development are particularly sensitive to changes in the sloping farmland, due to the region’s large portion of hilly territory and its over-dense population. In this study, we focused on spatiotemporal change of the sloping farmland and its driving forces in the Sichuan province. Sloping farmland areas were extracted from geographic data from digital elevation model (DEM) and land use maps, and the driving forces of the spatiotemporal change were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that, from 2000 to 2015, sloping farmland decreased by 3263 km2 in the Sichuan province. The area of gently sloping farmland (<10◦) decreased dramatically by 1467 km2, especially in the capital city, Chengdu, and its surrounding areas. -
The Utilization of Aerosol Therapy in Mechanical Ventilation Patients: a Prospective Multicenter Observational Cohort Study and a Review of the Current Evidence
1071 Original Article Page 1 of 11 The utilization of aerosol therapy in mechanical ventilation patients: a prospective multicenter observational cohort study and a review of the current evidence Shan Lyu1#, Jie Li2#, Limin Yang3, Xiaoliang Du4, Xiaoyi Liu5, Libo Chuan6, Guoqiang Jing7, Zhenyan Wang8, Weiwei Shu9, Chunjuan Ye10, Qionglan Dong11, Jun Duan12, James B. Fink2,13, Zhancheng Gao14, Zongan Liang15; on behalf of Respiratory Care Committee in Chinese Thoracic Society 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3Department of Respiratory Care, Zhejiang University School of Medical Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China; 4Department of Neurosurgical, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China; 5Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China; 6Intensive Care Unit, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; 7Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China; 8Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China; 9Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; 10Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; 11Department of Critical -
Operation China
Minyak August 7 Location: A 1983 study listed 15,000 were bullied by the Minyak living in extremely remote violent Khampa. regions of central Sichuan Province.1 Rock reported, “The The Minyak live in the shadow of the Minya [Minyak] mighty 7,556-meter (24,783 ft.) Tibetan’s homes Gongga Mountain (Minya Konka in have been burned Tibetan). The region was first several times by described in 1930 by intrepid explorer [Khampa] outlaws. Joseph Rock: “A scenic wonder of the On previous raids world, this region is 45 days from the the Minya people nearest railhead. For centuries it may could only flee into remain a closed land, save to such the hills and leave privileged few as care to crawl like their homes to the ants through its canyons of tropical robbers.”8 The heat and up its glaciers and passes in Minyak may be blinding snowstorms, carrying their descended from food with them.”2 survivors of the destruction of Identity: The Minyak are part of the Minyak (in present- Tibetan nationality. They have been day Ningxia) by described as a “peaceful, sedentary Genghis Khan in Paul Hattaway Tibetan tribe, a most inoffensive, 1227. Christianity: Although there are obliging, happy-go-lucky people.”3 presently no known Christians among Most of the members of this group Customs: The Minyak live quiet lives the Minyak, the China Inland Mission call themselves Minyak, except for in nearly complete isolation from the did have a station in Tatsienlu (now those living at Kangding and the rest of the world. Most of their Kangding), on the edge of Minyak Tanggu area of Jiulong County who call villages are accessible only by foot. -
Effect of Marine Bacillus BC-2 on the Health-Beneficial Ingredients of Flavor Liquor
Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2019, 10, 606-612 http://www.scirp.org/journal/fns ISSN Online: 2157-9458 ISSN Print: 2157-944X Effect of Marine Bacillus BC-2 on the Health-Beneficial Ingredients of Flavor Liquor Yueming Li*, Jianchun Xu, Zhimei Xu Qingdao Langyatai Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China How to cite this paper: Li, Y.M., Xu, J.C. Abstract and Xu, Z.M. (2019) Effect of Marine Ba- cillus BC-2 on the Health-Beneficial Ingre- The main aroma component of Luzhou-flavor Liquor is ethyl caproate, which dients of Flavor Liquor. Food and Nutrition is combined with appropriate amount of ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl Sciences, 10, 606-612. lactate and so on. By adding the marine bacillus BC-2 (Accession number: https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2019.106044 MK811408) to substrate sludge, the bacillus complex bacterial liquid (pit Mud Received: March 27, 2019 Functional Bacterial liquid) has been modified. The complex bacterial liquid Accepted: June 11, 2019 was used in the production of Luzhou-flavor Liquor and it dramatically pro- Published: June 14, 2019 moted the content of health-beneficial ingredients in the new workshop. These results demonstrated that the marine bacillus BC-2 can effectively im- Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and prove the quality and health benefit of Luzhou-flavor Liquor. Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Keywords License (CC BY 4.0). Luzhou-Flavor Liquor, Marine Bacillus BC-2, Flavoring Components http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access 1. Introduction In China, Luzhou-flavor Liquor is the most widely used Luzhou-flavor Liquor in social intercourse and its taste is closely related to the quality of pit mud. -
Archaeological Observation on the Exploration of Chu Capitals
Archaeological Observation on the Exploration of Chu Capitals Wang Hongxing Key words: Chu Capitals Danyang Ying Chenying Shouying According to accurate historical documents, the capi- In view of the recent research on the civilization pro- tals of Chu State include Danyang 丹阳 of the early stage, cess of the middle reach of Yangtze River, we may infer Ying 郢 of the middle stage and Chenying 陈郢 and that Danyang ought to be a central settlement among a Shouying 寿郢 of the late stage. Archaeologically group of settlements not far away from Jingshan 荆山 speaking, Chenying and Shouying are traceable while with rice as the main crop. No matter whether there are the locations of Danyang and Yingdu 郢都 are still any remains of fosses around the central settlement, its oblivious and scholars differ on this issue. Since Chu area must be larger than ordinary sites and be of higher capitals are the political, economical and cultural cen- scale and have public amenities such as large buildings ters of Chu State, the research on Chu capitals directly or altars. The site ought to have definite functional sec- affects further study of Chu culture. tions and the cemetery ought to be divided into that of Based on previous research, I intend to summarize the aristocracy and the plebeians. The relevant docu- the exploration of Danyang, Yingdu and Shouying in ments and the unearthed inscriptions on tortoise shells recent years, review the insufficiency of the former re- from Zhouyuan 周原 saying “the viscount of Chu search and current methods and advance some personal (actually the ruler of Chu) came to inform” indicate that opinion on the locations of Chu capitals and later explo- Zhou had frequent contact and exchange with Chu. -
M6.9 Southern Qinghai, China Earthquake of 13 April 2010 Network
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic M6.9 Southern Qinghai, China Earthquake of 13 April 2010 Network Epicentral Region L. B Tectonic Setting alka 90° 92° 94° 96° 98° 100° 102° 104° 106° 70° sh 80° 90° 100° 110° 120° M O N G O L I A GOLMUD Shymkent Changchun Jilin Xinjiang Minhe Dzhambul Almaty 36° QABQA 2001 Urumqi LANZHOU Tashkent Bishkek 36° NamanganK ATE Fushun Y R T i a PL Gulistan G Y n S h a n MUR Kanggye Southern Qinghai Ningxia Z S T A 40° Andizhan A N Shenyang Osh Hamhung K U N L U N Fergana 40° F A U L T Anshan Sinuiju 13 April 2010 23:49:37 UTC Pingliang T Linxia A J Kashi T H Jingning I K I Huhot P'yongyang O R ZIKETAN Neiguanying S T N E A A N Baotou Beijing O R Dalian K 1937 Lintao 33.271° N., 96.629° E. Kulob Tangshan Maying Lung- EUR Kaesong Kagang Depth 10 km AS EXPLANATION shan- IA P H LA l t Tianjin U T Mw = 6.9 (USGS) TE a u Inch`on S O A chen h F R E Ta g Shijiazhuang K O Longxi y n Yinchuan Taiyuan Mag ≥ 7.0 Hezuo K A l t E Felt across the mountaiQnionuasn area in western China, over 400 u AT e PL killed, tens of thousands displaced. n H SIA Gangu RA j Eg U W 0 - 69 km u s n O i n a L TIANSHUI n t a Xining u L H u n Y E Gansu Rawalpindi M o K u n H A l u n F S E 70 - 299 Min Xian Tianshui Islamabad a u l t Lanzhou DAWU I Luoyang Zhengzhou 34° Li Xian M Xi'an 300 - 600 Qinghai Amritsar A C H I N A Tewo 34° Faisalabad TIBETAN PLATEAU Nanjing Volcanoes Lahore g Shanghai Hui-Xian Simla L Hefei in 30° Chandigarh a J A g -
Lithofacies Palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, China
Journal of Palaeogeography 2014, 3(4): 384-409 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1261.2014.00063 Lithofacies palaeogeography and sedimentology Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, China Jin-Xiong Luo*, You-Bin He, Rui Wang School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China Abstract The lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age in Middle and Upper Yangtze Region was studied based on petrography and the “single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping” method. The Upper Permian Wujiaping Stage in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region is mainly composed of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks, with lesser amounts of siliceous rocks, pyroclastic rocks, volcanic rocks and coal. The rocks can be divided into three types, including clastic rock, clastic rock-limestone and lime- stone-siliceous rock, and four fundamental ecological types and four fossil assemblages are recognized in the Wujiaping Stage. Based on a petrological and palaeoecological study, six single factors were selected, namely, thickness (m), content (%) of marine rocks, content (%) of shallow water carbonate rocks, content (%) of biograins with limemud, content (%) of thin- bedded siliceous rocks and content (%) of deep water sedimentary rocks. Six single factors maps of the Wujiaping Stage and one lithofacies palaeogeography map of the Wujiaping Age were composed. Palaeogeographic units from west to east include an eroded area, an alluvial plain, a clastic rock platform, a carbonate rock platform where biocrowds developed, a slope and a basin. In addition, a clastic rock platform exists in the southeast of the study area. Hydro- carbon source rock and reservoir conditions were preliminarily analyzed based on lithofacies palaeogeography. -
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Risk Management Lessons and Implications Ic Acknowledgements
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Risk Management Lessons and Implications Ic ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors Emily Paterson Domenico del Re Zifa Wang Editor Shelly Ericksen Graphic Designer Yaping Xie Contributors Joseph Sun, Pacific Gas and Electric Company Navin Peiris Robert Muir-Wood Image Sources Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Space Organization (NSO) References Burchfiel, B.C., Chen, Z., Liu, Y. Royden, L.H., “Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regoins, Central China,” International Geological Review, 37(8), edited by W.G. Ernst, B.J. Skinner, L.A. Taylor (1995). BusinessWeek,”China Quake Batters Energy Industry,” http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2008/ gb20080519_901796.htm, accessed September 2008. Densmore A.L., Ellis, M.A., Li, Y., Zhou, R., Hancock, G.S., and Richardson, N., “Active Tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan Faults at the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau,” Tectonics, 26, TC4005, doi:10.1029/2006TC001987 (2007). Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States of America, “Quake Lakes Under Control, Situation Grim,” http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/gyzg/t458627.htm, accessed September 2008. Energy Bulletin, “China’s Renewable Energy Plans: Shaken, Not Stirred,” http://www.energybulletin.net/node/45778, accessed September 2008. Global Terrorism Analysis, “Energy Implications of the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake,” http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/ article.php?articleid=2374284, accessed September 2008. World Energy Outlook: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/, accessed September 2008. World Health Organization, “China, Sichuan Earthquake.” http://www.wpro.who.int/sites/eha/disasters/emergency_reports/ chn_earthquake_latest.htm, accessed September 2008. -
World Bank Document
INTEGRATED SAFEGUARDS DATA SHEET CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AC3902 Public Disclosure Authorized Date ISDS Prepared/Updated: 10/30/2008 I. BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country: China Project ID: P114107 Project Name: Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery Task Team Leader: Mara K. Warwick Estimated Appraisal Date: November 13, Estimated Board Date: December 16, 2008 2008 Managing Unit: EASCS Lending Instrument: Emergency Recovery Public Disclosure Authorized Loan Sector: General water, sanitation and flood protection sector (44%);Roads and highways (39%);Health (13%);General education sector (4%) Theme: Natural disaster management (P);Pollution management and environmental health (S);Access to urban services and housing (S) IBRD Amount (US$m.): 710.00 IDA Amount (US$m.): 0.00 GEF Amount (US$m.): 0.00 PCF Amount (US$m.): 0.00 Other financing amounts by source: Borrower 30.00 30.00 Public Disclosure Authorized B. Project Objectives [from section 2 of PCN] To restore essential infrastructure, health, and education services to at least pre-earthquake levels and reduce vulnerability to seismic and flood hazards in project areas. C. Project Description [from section 3 of PCN] The proposed emergency recovery loan (ERL) will span Sichuan and Gansu provinces and will be processed using a programmatic approach, which will include the following key areas: (a) identification, selection, and appraisal of individual investment projects, including technical standards; (b) safeguards; (c) procurement; (d) financial management; and (e) monitoring and evaluation. During preparation, frameworks will be developed to guide the selection, appraisal and implementation of the individual investments during project implementation. Public Disclosure Authorized The components of the ERL cover three main sectors: infrastructure, health and education. -
Challenges and Countermeasures of Tourism
International Conference on Social Science and Technology Education (ICSSTE 2015) Challenges and Countermeasures of Regional Tourism Cooperation Development Strategy of Sichuan-Shanxi-Gansu Golden Triangle Area,Western China Qin Jianxiong1 Zhang Minmin1 1 College of tourism and historic culture, Southwest University For Natianalities, Chengdu, 610041 Abstract visitors can explore in this line up and down five SSGGTA triangle of three provinces , dependent thousand years of culture, enjoy the mystery of Qinba [1] landscape, folk customs are similar, for the first time landscape . These tourism resources in Chongqing, since the 2002 held in Bazhong of SSGGTA triangle area Chengdu, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Wuhan five source among SSGGTA triangle tourism cooperation zone is composed tourism cooperation will be signed in SSGGTA triangle of Sichuan Bazhong, Guangyuan, Dazhou and Shanxi tourism, build "Golden Triangle" cooperation agreement, Hanzhoung, Ankang three provinces and five to 2005 has successively held 3 annual meeting. The goal municipalities, carry out cooperation in the past 3 years, of cooperation is through the sincere cooperation of the three provinces and five municipalities in the propaganda, three provinces, the formation of regional tourism build mutual interaction, line group, strategic planning collaboration regular contact system, the characteristics of consensus interaction and so on has made significant tourism products, the formation of regional joint progress, regional cooperation has been fully affirmed the promotion,a barrier free Tourism Zone, to realize the two provincial government and support. Sichuan North Sichuan area has been the focus of tourism development sustainable development of Shanxi tourism in Golden in the province, tourism development, Shanxi will also Triangle. -
Discovering Discrepancies in Numerical Libraries
Discovering Discrepancies in Numerical Libraries Jackson Vanover Xuan Deng Cindy Rubio-González University of California, Davis University of California, Davis University of California, Davis United States of America United States of America United States of America [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT libraries aim to offer a certain level of correctness and robustness in Numerical libraries constitute the building blocks for software appli- their algorithms. Specifically, a discrete numerical algorithm should cations that perform numerical calculations. Thus, it is paramount not diverge from the continuous analytical function it implements that such libraries provide accurate and consistent results. To that for its given domain. end, this paper addresses the problem of finding discrepancies be- Extensive testing is necessary for any software that aims to be tween synonymous functions in different numerical libraries asa correct and robust; in all application domains, software testing means of identifying incorrect behavior. Our approach automati- is often complicated by a deficit of reliable test oracles and im- cally finds such synonymous functions, synthesizes testing drivers, mense domains of possible inputs. Testing of numerical software and executes differential tests to discover meaningful discrepan- in particular presents additional difficulties: there is a lack of stan- cies across numerical libraries. We implement our approach in a dards for dealing with inevitable numerical errors, and the IEEE 754 tool named FPDiff, and provide an evaluation on four popular nu- Standard [1] for floating-point representations of real numbers in- merical libraries: GNU Scientific Library (GSL), SciPy, mpmath, and herently introduces imprecision. As a result, bugs are commonplace jmat.