World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document INTEGRATED SAFEGUARDS DATA SHEET CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AC3902 Public Disclosure Authorized Date ISDS Prepared/Updated: 10/30/2008 I. BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country: China Project ID: P114107 Project Name: Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery Task Team Leader: Mara K. Warwick Estimated Appraisal Date: November 13, Estimated Board Date: December 16, 2008 2008 Managing Unit: EASCS Lending Instrument: Emergency Recovery Public Disclosure Authorized Loan Sector: General water, sanitation and flood protection sector (44%);Roads and highways (39%);Health (13%);General education sector (4%) Theme: Natural disaster management (P);Pollution management and environmental health (S);Access to urban services and housing (S) IBRD Amount (US$m.): 710.00 IDA Amount (US$m.): 0.00 GEF Amount (US$m.): 0.00 PCF Amount (US$m.): 0.00 Other financing amounts by source: Borrower 30.00 30.00 Public Disclosure Authorized B. Project Objectives [from section 2 of PCN] To restore essential infrastructure, health, and education services to at least pre-earthquake levels and reduce vulnerability to seismic and flood hazards in project areas. C. Project Description [from section 3 of PCN] The proposed emergency recovery loan (ERL) will span Sichuan and Gansu provinces and will be processed using a programmatic approach, which will include the following key areas: (a) identification, selection, and appraisal of individual investment projects, including technical standards; (b) safeguards; (c) procurement; (d) financial management; and (e) monitoring and evaluation. During preparation, frameworks will be developed to guide the selection, appraisal and implementation of the individual investments during project implementation. Public Disclosure Authorized The components of the ERL cover three main sectors: infrastructure, health and education. For Sichuan province (US$510 million), investments would be financed in 21 counties/cities/ districts within 7 municipalities (Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan, Bazhong, Nanchong and Ya’an). Two components will be covered: a) infrastructure; and b) health. The infrastructure component would comprise a range of investments in roads, bridges, water supply pipelines, drainage and sewerage networks, solid waste management, and embankments. The health component would support reconstruction/rehabilitation of county hospitals, maternal and child health care facilities and township level health clinics. In Gansu, investments will total US$200 million with three components: infrastructure, health, and education. The infrastructure component would be similar to that of Sichuan Province. The health component would include repair/reconstruction of city and county hospitals. The education component would comprise the repair/ reconstruction of primary and secondary schools. The project financed investments in both provinces will mostly comprise the reconstruction of destroyed or damaged assets, although some system enhancements may also be included. These details will be finalized during appraisal. D. Project location (if known) The geographical areas for the ERL will include seven municipalities (Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan, Bazhong, Nanchong and Ya’an) in southern and eastern Sichuan, and 1 prefecture (Longnan) in southern Gansu; the two most affected provinces. E. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity for Safeguard Policies [from PCN] Implementation arrangements for the project are still under consideration. Where possible, the project will use existing provincial and municipal PMOs to manage the project including safeguards implementation. In Sichuan, the urban infrastructure PMO within the Sichuan Provincial Construction Commission is experienced in managing category ‘A’ World Bank- financed loans (e.g., the Sichuan Urban Development Project, and previously the Sichuan Urban Environment Project), and is therefore experienced in both safeguards analysis and implementation of mitigation measures. This PMO will likely manage the urban infrastructure component in Sichuan, which is the largest component. However, there is no comparable PMO for the health sector in Sichuan Province or for any sectors in Longnan Prefecture in Gansu Province. Therefore, the capacity of local agencies for these components will be assessed during appraisal. Overall, the safeguards management approach is designed to facilitate standardized approaches, from the screening of potential sub-project impacts to the contracting of reconstruction works with the incorporation of technical standards to guide contractors in adequate environmental mitigation practices. The social impacts of potential subprojects will be more carefully assessed in the forthcoming missions to both provinces. F. Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists Mr Carter J. Brandon (EASCS) Ms Chongwu Sun (EASCS) Mr Chaohua Zhang (SASDI) Mr Songling Yao (EASCS) Mr Chaogang Wang (EASCS) Mr Ning Yang (EASCS) II. SAFEGUARD POLICIES THAT MIGHT APPLY Safeguard Policies Triggered Yes No TBD Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) X Although the majority of the investments are for reconstruction/repair works, and given that investment levels are likely to be in the range of USD 7 to 40 million per county (with each of the individual investments being much less), it is expected that some category A activities may be financed by the project and therefore category ‘A’ is proposed. Consistent with the Procedural Guidelines for the OP 8.00 operations, a safeguards management framework (Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework - ESSAF) will be prepared by the Bank staff, in collaboration with the implementing agencies and their consultants, prior to the Decision Meeting. For the majority of investments that are expected to be reconstruction of existing infrastructure at the county level, significant environmental or social (including resettlement and land acquisition) impacts are not foreseen. Therefore, the safeguards requirements for such investments would be handled through simplified screening and standard environmental and social management procedures. For new or significant expansion activities funded under the project, such as expanded water supply networks, new landfills, etc, a review would be needed on a case by case basis. The ESSAF developed during appraisal will include criteria to determine whether expansion activities are considered significant or not. If yes, the EASSF will include procedures that will be used to prepare (when necessary) the required Environmental Assessments (EAs), Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) and/or Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPPs) (called Minority Development Plans in China, or MDPs). The Bank team will work closely with the client and their consultants to fully understand and incorporate the national requirements (including many special-purpose reconstruction regulations) into the safeguards framework, to ensure consistency and alignment within the project’s safeguards requirements. Responsiveness to client needs and providing adequate and timely support to ensure the client’s technical and institutional capacity during preparation and implementation will be cornerstones to the environmental and social safeguard management approach. Frameworks, processes, and other instruments to be developed within the Earthquake Reconstruction Loan for the Sichuan and Gansu Provinces will build upon country, regional and local regulations, institutions and knowledge to ensure maximum ownership of the process by the client and the beneficiaries. Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) X The extent to which natural habitats may be present in the project area will be assessed through screening during project appraisal. Safeguard Policies Triggered Yes No TBD Forests (OP/BP 4.36) X No impacts on forests will be caused by the project. Pest Management (OP 4.09) X No pesticides will be procured under the project. Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) X The extent to which physical cultural resources may be present in the project area will be assessed through screening during project appraisal. A chance finds clause will be included in all project construction contracts. Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) X Indigenous Peoples are likely to be present in some of the project counties, especially in Longnan Prefecture in Gansu. Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) X While most of the proposed investments will be reconstruction of existing assets damaged by the earthquake, and therefore unlikely to cause IR impacts, some land acquisition and resettlement may be required for expansion projects. Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) X Based on the preliminary project information available, it is not anticipated that OP 4.37 on Dam Safety will be triggered. However, if the proposed investments include dam/reservoir repairs and/or significant potential impacts on upstream dams, OP 4.37 on Dam Safety may be triggered. Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) X There are no international waterways in the project area. Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) X There are no disputed areas in the project area. Environmental Category: A - Full Assessment III. SAFEGUARD PREPARATION PLAN A. Target date for the Quality Enhancement Review (QER), at which time the PAD-stage ISDS would be prepared: 11/12/2008 B. For simple projects that will not require a QER, the target date for preparing the PAD-stage ISDS: 11/12/2008 C. Time frame for launching and completing the safeguard-related studies that may be needed. The specific studies and their timing1 should be specified in the PAD-stage ISDS. The EASSF will be prepared during the combined preparation/appraisal mission to be conducted from October 7, 2008 - November 6, 2008. 1 Reminder: The Bank’s Disclosure Policy requires that safeguard-related documents be disclosed before appraisal (i) at the InfoShop and (ii) in-country, at publicly accessible locations and in a form and language that are accessible to potentially affected persons. IV. APPROVALS Signed and submitted by: Task Team Leader: Ms Mara K. Warwick 10/06/2008 Approved by: Regional Safeguards Coordinator: Mr Peter Leonard 10/09/2008 Comments: Sector Manager: Mr Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez 10/31/2008 Comments: .
Recommended publications
  • Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region
    sustainability Article Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region Meijia Xiao 1 , Qingwen Zhang 1,*, Liqin Qu 2, Hafiz Athar Hussain 1 , Yuequn Dong 1 and Li Zheng 1 1 Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (M.X.); [email protected] (H.A.H.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (L.Z.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-82106031 Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 31 January 2019; Published: 11 February 2019 Abstract: Sloping farmland is an essential type of the farmland resource in China. In the Sichuan province, livelihood security and social development are particularly sensitive to changes in the sloping farmland, due to the region’s large portion of hilly territory and its over-dense population. In this study, we focused on spatiotemporal change of the sloping farmland and its driving forces in the Sichuan province. Sloping farmland areas were extracted from geographic data from digital elevation model (DEM) and land use maps, and the driving forces of the spatiotemporal change were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that, from 2000 to 2015, sloping farmland decreased by 3263 km2 in the Sichuan province. The area of gently sloping farmland (<10◦) decreased dramatically by 1467 km2, especially in the capital city, Chengdu, and its surrounding areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithofacies Palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, China
    Journal of Palaeogeography 2014, 3(4): 384-409 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1261.2014.00063 Lithofacies palaeogeography and sedimentology Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, China Jin-Xiong Luo*, You-Bin He, Rui Wang School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China Abstract The lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age in Middle and Upper Yangtze Region was studied based on petrography and the “single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping” method. The Upper Permian Wujiaping Stage in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region is mainly composed of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks, with lesser amounts of siliceous rocks, pyroclastic rocks, volcanic rocks and coal. The rocks can be divided into three types, including clastic rock, clastic rock-limestone and lime- stone-siliceous rock, and four fundamental ecological types and four fossil assemblages are recognized in the Wujiaping Stage. Based on a petrological and palaeoecological study, six single factors were selected, namely, thickness (m), content (%) of marine rocks, content (%) of shallow water carbonate rocks, content (%) of biograins with limemud, content (%) of thin- bedded siliceous rocks and content (%) of deep water sedimentary rocks. Six single factors maps of the Wujiaping Stage and one lithofacies palaeogeography map of the Wujiaping Age were composed. Palaeogeographic units from west to east include an eroded area, an alluvial plain, a clastic rock platform, a carbonate rock platform where biocrowds developed, a slope and a basin. In addition, a clastic rock platform exists in the southeast of the study area. Hydro- carbon source rock and reservoir conditions were preliminarily analyzed based on lithofacies palaeogeography.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Countermeasures of Tourism
    International Conference on Social Science and Technology Education (ICSSTE 2015) Challenges and Countermeasures of Regional Tourism Cooperation Development Strategy of Sichuan-Shanxi-Gansu Golden Triangle Area,Western China Qin Jianxiong1 Zhang Minmin1 1 College of tourism and historic culture, Southwest University For Natianalities, Chengdu, 610041 Abstract visitors can explore in this line up and down five SSGGTA triangle of three provinces , dependent thousand years of culture, enjoy the mystery of Qinba [1] landscape, folk customs are similar, for the first time landscape . These tourism resources in Chongqing, since the 2002 held in Bazhong of SSGGTA triangle area Chengdu, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Wuhan five source among SSGGTA triangle tourism cooperation zone is composed tourism cooperation will be signed in SSGGTA triangle of Sichuan Bazhong, Guangyuan, Dazhou and Shanxi tourism, build "Golden Triangle" cooperation agreement, Hanzhoung, Ankang three provinces and five to 2005 has successively held 3 annual meeting. The goal municipalities, carry out cooperation in the past 3 years, of cooperation is through the sincere cooperation of the three provinces and five municipalities in the propaganda, three provinces, the formation of regional tourism build mutual interaction, line group, strategic planning collaboration regular contact system, the characteristics of consensus interaction and so on has made significant tourism products, the formation of regional joint progress, regional cooperation has been fully affirmed the promotion,a barrier free Tourism Zone, to realize the two provincial government and support. Sichuan North Sichuan area has been the focus of tourism development sustainable development of Shanxi tourism in Golden in the province, tourism development, Shanxi will also Triangle.
    [Show full text]
  • Since the Reform and Opening Up1 1
    Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session CPS020) p.6378 Research of Acceleration Urbanization Impacts on Resources and Environment in Sichuan Province Caimo,Teng National Bureau of Statistics of China, Survey Organizations of Sichuan No.31, the East Route, Qingjiang Road Chengdu, China, 610072 E-mail: [email protected] Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of economic society and the rise ceaselessly of urbanization in Sichuan play an important role for material civilization and spiritual civilization, but also bring influence for resources and environment, this paper give an in-depth analysis about this. Ⅰ. The Main Characteristics of the Urbanization Development in Sichuan The reflection of urbanization in essence is from the industry cluster to population cluster., we tend to divided the process of urbanization into four stages, 1949-1978 is the first stage, 1978 – 1990 is the second stage, 1990 -2000 is the third stage, After the year of 2000 is the fourth stage. In view the particularities of the first phase, this paper researches mainly after three stages. 1. The level of the urbanization enhances unceasingly. With the reform and opening-up and the rapid development of social economy, the urbanization in Sichuan has significant achievements. The average annual growth of the level of urbanization is 0.8 percent in the twelve years of the second stage. The average annual growth in the third stage and the four stages is individually 0.5 and 1.3 percentage. The average annual growth of urbanization in the fourth stage is faster respectively 0.5 and 0.8 percent than the previous two stages which reflects obviously the rapid rise of the urbanization after the fourth stage in Sichuan.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Investigation on Industrial Buildings in Mianyang District and Some
    th The 14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China Field Investigation on Industrial Buildings in Mianyang District and Some Advices on Post-earthquake Rehabilitation and Seismic Design 1 2 HU Kongguo and WANG Yanke 1 Senior Engineer, Structure Evaluation &Strengthening Div.,China Electronics Engineering Design Institute, Beijing, China 2 Engineer, Structure Evaluation &Strengthening Div., China Electronics Engineering Design Institute, Beijing ,China Email:[email protected],[email protected] ABSTRACT : The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake has caused a huge loss to the lives of Sichuan people and their properties. Immediately after the earthquake, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China sent an earthquake loss investigation team to arrive at the five regions heavily hit by the earthquake, namely Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan and Yaan, etc., to investigate the damages to industrial buildings and equipment as well as the loss of human lives. This paper only deals with the damages to the industrial buildings caused by this earthquake, which also includes the post-quake reinforcement and retrofitting proposals as well as advices on the seismic design of industrial buildings to be built in this region in the future. KEYWORDS: Field Damage Investigation; Industrial Buildings; Post-earthquake Rehabilitation 1. OVERVIEW OF DAMAGE TO INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS IN MIANYANG CITY CAUSED BY THE EARTHQUKE With a jurisdiction over two districts, one city and six counties and a total area of 20,000km2 and a population of 5.29 million, Mianyang City features six major industrial sectors such as electronics and information, metallurgy, automobile and auto part, building material, bio-pharmacy and foodstuff as well as textile, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin and Spread of CRF85 BC, Driven by Heterosexual
    Su et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2020) 20:772 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05488-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China Ling Su1, Yi Feng2, Shu Liang1, Yali Zeng1, Yiping Li1, Hong Yang1,LiYe1, Qiushi Wang1, Dongbin Wei1, Dan Yuan1, Wenhong Lai1 and Linglin Zhang1* Abstract Background: CRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in Southwest China in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different regions of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission were still to be investigated. Method: We conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC. Results: HIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), suggesting a unique prevalent pattern. The founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. It then spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and became endemic around 2008.6 (2006.7–2010.2) in Sichuan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Survey on the Distribution of MC Fei and Xiao Initial Groups in Chinese Dialects
    IALP 2020, Kuala Lumpur, Dec 4-6, 2020 The Survey on the Distribution of MC Fei and Xiao Initial Groups in Chinese Dialects Yan Li Xiaochuan Song School of Foreign Languages, School of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an, China /Henan Agricultural University e-mail: [email protected] Xi’an/Zhengzhou, China e-mail:[email protected] Abstract — MC Fei 非 and Xiao 晓 initial group discussed in this paper includes Fei 非, Fu groups are always mixed together in the southern 敷 and Feng 奉 initials, but does not include Wei part of China. It can be divided into four sections 微, while MC Xiao 晓 initial group includes according to the distribution: the northern area, the Xiao 晓 and Xia 匣 initials. The third and fourth southwestern area, the southern area, the class of Xiao 晓 initial group have almost southeastern area. The mixing is very simple in the palatalized as [ɕ] which doesn’t mix with Fei northern area, while in Sichuan it is the most initial group. This paper mainly discusses the first extensive and complex. The southern area only and the second class of Xiao and Xia initials. The includes Hunan and Guangxi where ethnic mixing of Fei and Xiao initials is a relatively minorities gather, and the mixing is very recent phonetic change, which has no direct complicated. Ancient languages are preserved in the inheritance with the phonological system of southeastern area where there are still bilabial Qieyun. The mixing mainly occurs in the southern sounds and initial consonant [h], but the mixing is part of the mainland of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway Development – Resettlement Action Plan Monitoring Report No
    Resettlement Monitoring Report Project Number: 35354 April 2010 PRC: Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway Development – Resettlement Action Plan Monitoring Report No. 1 Prepared by: CIECC Overseas Consulting Co., Ltd Beijing, PRC For: Ministry of Railways This report has been submitted to ADB by the Ministry of Railways and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. The People’s Republic of China ADB Loan Lanzhou—Chongqing RAILWAY PROJECT EXTERNAL MONITORING & EVALUATION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN Report No.1 Prepared by CIECC OVERSEAS CONSULTING CO.,LTD April 2010 Beijing 10 ADB LOAN EXTERNAL Monitoring Report– No. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 4 OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. PROJECT BRIEF DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................7 2. PROJECT AND RESETTLEMENT PROGRESS ................................................................................................10 2.1 PROJECT PROGRESS ...............................................................................................................................10 2.2 LAND ACQUISITION, HOUSE DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEMENT PROGRESS..................................................10 3. MONITORING AND EVALUATION .................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rainstorm Disaster in Sichuan Province Over the Past Decade
    Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5, 1-9 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rainstorm Disaster in Sichuan Province over the Past Decade Jie Gao1,2, Jianhua Pan1, Mingtian Wang1, Shanyun Guo1 1Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu, China 2Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China How to cite this paper: Gao, J., Pan, J.H., Abstract Wang, M.T. and Guo, S.Y. (2017) The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Charac- The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rainstorm disaster in teristics of Rainstorm Disaster in Sichuan Sichuan Province were investigated by statistical analysis method based on Province over the Past Decade. Journal of 2002-2015 rainstorm disaster data of Sichuan Province. As shown by the re- Geoscience and Environment Protection, 5, 1-9. sults, the rainstorm disaster in Sichuan Province was distributed mainly in https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.58001 four regions including Liangshan Prefecture and Sichuan Basin during 2002-2015, and the rainstorm disaster distribution had a good corresponding Received: March 29, 2017 Accepted: July 16, 2017 relationship with the rainstorm center regions; in terms of annual variation Published: July 19, 2017 trend, the variation of rainstorm disaster frequency showed a significant qua- si-2-3-year oscillation period; in terms of monthly distribution, June, July and Copyright © 2017 by authors and August saw the heaviest rainstorms; the high death toll from rainstorms was Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative attributed to not only routine rainfall, occurrence time and terrain feature, but Commons Attribution International also the populace’s awareness of disaster prevention and the disaster preven- License (CC BY 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Sichuan Earthquake
    Investigation of the Effect of the May 2008 Earthquake on Bridges in China Original presentation in China by Dr. Banfu Yan of Hunan University, Changsha, China Presentation modified in Canada by Dr. Atab Mufti, Dr. Baidar Bakht & Mr. Walter Saltzberg Translation of Dr. Yan’s presentation done by Mr. Cheng Zhang, M.Sc. Candidate and Mr. Walter Saltzberg ISIS Consultant University of Manitoba Investigation of Earthquake‐damaged Bridges in Guangyuan, Mianyang, and Deyang, Sichuan Province Pictures of earthquake damage: May, 2008 by Dr. Banfu Yan of Hunan University Research Assistance: C. Zhang and M. Nayeem Uddin, MSc.Students, University of Manitoba Information About Sichuan Province Administration type: Province Capital: Chengdu (and largest city) Area: 485,000 km2 (187,000 sq mi) (5th) Population (2004) 87,250,000 (3rd) ‐Density 180 /km2 (470 /sq mi) (22nd) GDP (2006) CNY 863.8 billion (9th) ‐ Per capita CNY 10,574 (25th) Industrial Base Agriculture / Auto ‐ Aerospace Manufacture Picture from Wikipedia ‐ Tectonic plates dividing the surface of the earth. Indian Plate Movement Indian Plate Movement ¾It is currently moving northeast at 5 cm/yr (2) in/yr, while the Eurasian Plate is moving north at only 2 cm/yr (0.8 in/yr) ¾It has covered a distance of 2,000 to 3,000 km (1,200 to 1,900 mi) in last 55 million years ¾It moves faster than any other known plate ¾This is causing the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the Indian Plate to compress The Cause of Sichuan Earthquake The convergence of the two plates is broadly accommodated by the uplift of the Asian highlands.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Fissile Material Production and Stockpile
    China’s Fissile Material Production and Stockpile Hui Zhang Research Report No. 17 International Panel on Fissile Materials China’s Fissile Material Production and Stockpile Hui Zhang 2017 International Panel on Fissile Materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Noncommercial License To view a copy of this license, visit www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 On the cover: The map shows fissile material production sites in China. Table of Contents About IPFM 1 Overview 2 Introduction 4 HEU production and inventory 7 Plutonium production and inventory 20 Summary 36 About the author 37 Endnotes 38 About the IPFM The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) was founded in January 2006. It is an independent group of arms-control and nonproliferation experts from seventeen countries, including both nuclear weapon and non-nuclear weapon states. The mission of the IPFM is to analyze the technical bases for practical and achievable policy initiatives to secure, consolidate, and reduce stockpiles of highly enriched urani- um and plutonium. These fissile materials are the key ingredients in nuclear weapons, and their control is critical to nuclear disarmament, halting the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and ensuring that terrorists do not acquire nuclear weapons. Both military and civilian stocks of fissile materials have to be addressed. The nuclear weapon states still have enough fissile materials in their weapon and naval fuel stock- piles for tens of thousands of nuclear weapons. On the civilian side, enough plutonium has been separated to make a similarly large number of weapons. Highly enriched ura- nium fuel is used in about one hundred research reactors.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to the Great Chinese Famine Increased the Risk of Tuberculosis in Adulthood Across Two Generations
    Prenatal and early-life exposure to the Great Chinese Famine increased the risk of tuberculosis in adulthood across two generations Qu Chenga, Robert Tranguccib, Kristin N. Nelsonc, Wenjiang Fud, Philip A. Collendera, Jennifer R. Heade, Christopher M. Hoovera, Nicholas K. Skaffa, Ting Lif, Xintong Lig, Yue Youh, Liqun Fangi, Song Liangj, Changhong Yangk, Jin’ge Hef, Jonathan L. Zelnerl,m, and Justin V. Remaisa,1 aDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; bDepartment of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; cRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; dDepartment of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204; eDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; fInstitute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 610041 Chengdu, China; gDepartment of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; hDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; iDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100850 Beijing, China; jDepartment of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; kInstitute of Health Informatics, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 610041 Chengdu, China; lDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and mCenter for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Edited by Trudi Schüpbach, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved September 7, 2020 (received for review May 16, 2020) Global food security is a major driver of population health, and single infectious agent in 2016 (15, 16).
    [Show full text]