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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic M6.9 Southern Qinghai, Earthquake of 13 April 2010 Network

Epicentral Region L. B Tectonic Setting alka 90° 92° 94° 96° 98° 100° 102° 104° 106° 70° sh 80° 90° 100° 110° 120° M O N G O L I A GOLMUD Shymkent Jilin Xinjiang Minhe Dzhambul Almaty 36° QABQA 2001 Urumqi Tashkent Bishkek 36° NamanganK ATE Y R T i a PL Gulistan G Y n S h a n MUR Kanggye Southern Qinghai Ningxia Z S T A 40° Andizhan A N Osh Hamhung K U N L U N Fergana 40° F A U L T Sinuiju 13 April 2010 23:49:37 UTC T Linxia A J Kashi T H Jingning I K I Huhot P'yongyang O R ZIKETAN Neiguanying S T N E A A N O R K 1937 Lintao 33.271° N., 96.629° E. Kulob Maying Lung- EUR Kaesong Kagang Depth 10 km AS EXPLANATION shan- IA P H LA l t U T Mw = 6.9 (USGS) TE a u Inch`on S O A chen h F R E Ta g K O Longxi y n Mag ≥ 7.0 Hezuo K A l t E Felt across the mountaiQnionuasn area in , over 400 u AT e PL killed, tens of thousands displaced. n H SIA Gangu RA j Eg U W 0 - 69 km u s n O i n a L n t a u L H u n Y E Rawalpindi M o K u n H A l u n F S E 70 - 299 Min Xian Tianshui Islamabad a u l t Lanzhou DAWU I 34° Li Xian M Xi'an 300 - 600 Qinghai Amritsar A C H I N A Tewo 34° Faisalabad TIBETAN PLATEAU Volcanoes Lahore g Hui-Xian Simla L in 30° Chandigarh a J A g ) T Plate Boundaries n e A30S° a tz E h g A Y C n N a I New Y C H Subduction Lueyang Delhi A ( Delhi S E A Lhasa IND N Transform Shaanxi IA E PL P E AT A GTZ E L Kathmandu YAN GYEGU 1947 Lucknow ATE Divergent B H PL ALOA Kanpur U T A N EPICENTRAL REGION Biratnagar Taipei Others Varanasi Patna E U R A S I A T'aichung Guangyaun Shillong Kohima P L A T E I N Myitkyina D I A Rajshahi Imphal T'ainan 32° 1976 B A N G L A N A - A I W D E S T H Aizawl 32° Nagpur Calcutta Agartala Nanning Kowloon Khulna Fangcheng 1933 20° Barisal Chittagong Thai Macau Victoria Mandalay Nguyen Gang NAGQU M Y A N M A R Yen Bai 20° 1967 Bhubaneshwar ( B U R M A ) Viet Tri Hanoi Hoa Binh Hon Gai T i b e t a n P l a t e a u Hanwang Taunggyi Hai e r Sittwe Magway Haiphong 1973 R i v Duong t z e Hyderabad Chiang (Red) Basin a n g L A O S Thanh Y Vishakhapatnam Mai QAMDO PENG Vinh Hoa 1952 2008 XIAN INDIA Vientiane Pegu Udon 1951 PLATE Bassein Phitsanulok Thani Savannakhet Xizang Sichuan CHENGDU Rangoon Moulmein LATE SUINING Nakhon Khon Hue UNDA P 1923 Shuangliu Sawan Kaen Ubon Da Nang S Madras Ratchathani QIONGLAI Burma T H A I L A N DNakhon Quang B Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Ratchasima Play Cu NgaiQui Nhon 30° XINJIN A Y M ANYUE O F Plate V I E T N A PENGSHAN B SHIH- 80° E N G 90° 100° 110° 1955 YANG 30° A L TONGLIANG Scale 1:20,000,000 EXPLANATION LHASA YAAN 1941 1915 DAZU RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS Kilometers 0 200 400 800 1,200 1,600 The India Plate is moving northward relative Main Shock 1948 RONCHANG to the Eurasia Plate at about 50 mm/yr. WUTONGQIAO 1881 GUANGSHUNCHANG Gongjing Aftershocks FU-SHUN BAISHA 1917 Lo-han Mainshock 20080512 HEJIANG Nanxi NAXI SHUANG- 1947 TSAO-FANG Y A N G T Z E Earthquake MagnitudeWangdi Arunachal 1950 PINGSHAN JIANGAN Pradesh Guizhou P L A T E 4.00 - 5.99 Phodrang 2004 Seismic Hazard 28° Kachin 80° 90° 100° 110° 120° 6.00 - 6.99 Lhuntshi State Yunnan 28° 40° Baotou 92° 94° 96° 98° 100° 102° 104° 106° Huhot Beijing 7.00 - 7.99 1861 Tangshan Scale 1:4,000,000 INDPrIoAjection Albers Equal Area 2005 Tianjin 8.00 - 8.99 PLATE Kilometers Shijiazhuang Yinchuan Taiyuan 9.00 - 9.99 0 100 200 400 Earthquake Depth TECTONIC SUMMARY Xining 0 - 69 The southern Qinghai Province, China earthquake of 13 April 2010 Lanzhou Significant Earthquakes Mag ≥ 7.0 Zhengzhou 70 - 299 occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting in the tectonically complex region Luoyang of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. This earthquake occurred several hundred Xi'an 300 - 700 Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag kilometers north of the convergent India-Eurasia plate boundary, where the 1915 12 03 0239 29.500 91.500 0 7.0 Indian Plate is moving northwards with respect to Eurasia at a rate of 1917 07 30 2354 29.000 104.000 0 7.3 Hefei approximately 46 mm/yr. This convergence drives the uplift of the 1923 03 24 1240 30.553 101.258 25 7.2 Himalaya Mountains, at a rate of approximately 10 mm/yr, and the Tibetan 1933 08 25 0750 31.810 103.541 25 7.3 Plateau, which is an extremely broad region of thickened and uplifted crust 1937 01 07 1320 35.404 97.667 15 7.6 30° Wuhan sitting above 4.5-5 km. 1947 03 17 0819 33.000 99.500 0 7.5 Chengdu 30° 1947 07 29 1343 28.500 94.000 0 7.3 1948 05 25 0711 29.500 100.500 0 7.2 Lhasa In the region of the April 13th earthquake the Tibetan Plateau is extending Chongqing Nanchang 1950 08 15 1409 28.500 96.500 0 8.6 and translating east-southeastward within a larger zone of generally north- 1951 11 18 0935 30.500 91.000 0 7.7 south convergence. Based on the location, depth, and moment tensor of the Kathmandu Changsha 1952 08 17 1602 30.797 91.648 10 7.7 Lucknow event, the Qinghai Province earthquake likely reflects the interplay amongst 1955 04 14 0129 29.981 101.613 10 7.5 these major tectonic forces, dominated in this location by southeastward 1967 08 30 0422 31.631 100.232 8.1 7.0 EPICENTRAL REGION Biratnagar 1973 02 06 1037 31.361 100.504 6.6 7.4 Guiyang translation along the Yushu fault, a strand of the larger Xianshuihe fault Varanasi Patna system. This fault ccommodates approximately 9-12 mm/yr of motion, 2001 11 14 0926 35.918 90.543 10.8 7.8 2008 05 12 0628 31.002 103.322 19 7.9 Shillong Kohima approximately one third of the overall eastward motion of Tibet. The April Myitkyina Rajshahi Imphal Kunming 13 earthquake is one of the largest known historic earthquakes within several hundred kilometers of its location. In 1738, a nearby earthquake of Dhaka Aizawl Guangzhou approximately magnitude 6.5 caused over 300 fatalities. Historic ruptures Agartala Calcutta Khulna Nanning Kowloon on the Xianshuihe fault system further to the southeast include the 1792 Barisal Fangcheng Macau DATA SOURCES Chittagong Victoria magnitude 6.8 earthquake; the 1816 magnitude 7.5 earthquake; the 1904 Mandalay Gang Yen Bai magnitude 7.0 earthquake; the 1973 magnitude 7.6 earthquake; and the EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD 20° Bhubaneshwar Viet Tri Hanoi 1981 magnitude 6.9 earthquake (Allen et al., 1991). USGS, National Earthquake Information Center Taunggyi Hon Gai 20° Hai REFERENCES NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center Sittwe Hoa Binh Haiphong Magway Duong The magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan (Sichuan) earthquake of 12 May 2008 IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) Thanh occurred on the margin of the Tibetan Plateau, in contrast with the 13 April Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Hoa Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) 2010 earthquake, which occurred in the plateau's interior. The 2008 Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program 90° 100° 110° earthquake killed over 70,000 people and displaced over 15 million. Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: Scale 1:15,000,000 Seismic hazard is expressed as peak 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL ground acceleration (PGA) on firm Kilometers International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, PB2002 (Bird, 2003) DISCLAIMER rock, in meters/sec², expected to be 0 200 400 800 1,200 1,600 Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p. Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007) exceeded in a 50-yr period with a Base map data, such as place names and political probability of 10 percent. Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2 Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, BASE MAP boundaries, are the best available but may not be Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. USGS, EROS Data Center Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey should not be regarded as having official significance. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models National Earthquake Information Center .2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 20 April 2010 Map not approved for release by Director USGS