1/16 February 2016

Pandamania | p 2ff Biodiversity is Us | p 26 Illegal Trade in Cheetahs | p 31 IIII WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 1

Susan Contents Editorial Hunt President’s Page

Conservation: Black and White?...... 2 First Pandas Outside China: Brookfield Zoo...... 8 …people can make Keeping Pandas: A Dream of Many Zoos...... 10 Panda Preferences: Designing a Panda Exhibit...... 14 a difference and Pandas: Conservation and Cooperation...... 16 WAZA Interview: Eric Dorfman...... 18 minimise the effects My Career: Lena Lindén...... 19 Book Reviews...... 23 of human induced Announcements...... 25 Recent Updates: climate change… Biodiversity is Us...... 26 40 Years of CITES: National Zoo Chile...... 28 © WAZA Burn Horns, Save Rhinos...... 29 Gerald Dick at Taipei Zoo. The Alagoas Curassow...... 30 Illegal Trade in Cheetahs...... 31 Dear WAZA members and friends! Ecopark Nordens Ark: Local Biodiversity...... 34 Mauritius Fruit Bat Culls...... 35 I hope that you have all had a wonderful start to the New Exhibit News: New Year and I’d like to begin by sharing with you our Wellington Zoo...... 36 exciting plans for 2016. The decade on biodiversity © Perth Zoo Vancouver Aquarium...... 38 continues and we are proud to now have the WAZA Susan and quokka (Setonix brachyurus). WAZA Projects: “Biodiversity is Us” app available in seven languages and Scinax alcatraz...... 39 the designs in more than six languages too. More than Darwin’s Frog...... 40 120 members have already used the tools in many di‑ 2016 is now upon us. In Australia, Between 1970 and 2010 there has Second is the devastating effect of Maned Wolf...... 41 verse and exciting ways and I am counting on everyone it is a busy summer period when we been a 15% reduction in rainfall in forest fires as a result of this drying European Mink...... 42 to take part in our global effort to show the fantastic welcome many thousands of visitors. south‑west Australia. This is attrib- climate. At the request of govern- International Studbooks...... 43 work of our zoo and aquarium community, and to In Perth Australia, it is a hot time of utable to human activities glob- ment we recently commenced a last involve your visitors in actions they can do to conserve the year – today it’s over 36 °C! ally. Over this same period – just ditched effort to breed a critically our living world. Unfortunately, however, the funded 40 years – there has been a 0.8 °C endangered parrot species, the period of the WAZA project drew to a close with the Across the world and across the increase in average annual tempera- Western ground parrot (Pezeporus ending of last year, resulting in the loss of the project hundreds of WAZA member zoos tures. As an area with a fast grow- flaviventris). There was thought to manager, Tiago Pinto‑Pereira. I would like to take this and the millions of zoo visitors to our ing population, water is an ongoing be around 110 birds remaining in opportunity to thank him for all his amazing work and facilities, we really do experience serious issue and our Government the wild, until last month when a support during the last three years of the project. As the the diversity of the world’s climate. has recently responded with the con- wild fire burnt out over 90% of their project moves forward, the social media work on bio‑ Whether you are in the tropics, in struction of two desalination plants. known habitat. The seven birds here diversity will also continue and the input and coopera‑ temperate areas, the northern hemi- There has also been a strong move at the Zoo have suddenly become tion of all WAZA members is actively encouraged and sphere or the southern, climate is a to solar and wind power to minimise even more important! greatly appreciated as it allows us to strengthen our strong determinant to our business the burning of fossil fuels. However, Imprint community and to enforce positive messaging. and our livelihoods – and also a com- for rare and endangered wildlife the In summary, climate change, which mon and growing theme of concern effects of climate change cannot be has been a compelling and urgent Editor: Gerald Dick, The WAZA News of 2016 will showcase an informative for our world. addressed through engineering and theme globally for several years, is WAZA Executive Office series on charismatic species, their care and conserva‑ technology. affecting wildlife in a very tangible IUCN Conservation Centre tion. The giant panda is the first to be introduced in this The Australian continent is certainly way. Perhaps you are also seeing Rue Mauverney 28 edition.‘ Pandamania’ has many different aspects, but not immune, with the average sur- The two major themes which and experiencing similar examples CH-1196 Gland this flagship species serves multiple purposes which are face temperatures on land and sur- emerge from this have been a stark in your parts of the world in your Switzerland addressed in various articles. I would like to thank all rounding seas having risen by almost reality for us here at Perth Zoo. With conservation work. Phone: +41 22 999 07 90 contributors for their enlightening insights into panda 1 °C since the beginning of the 20th our frog‘ head start’ program, the Fax: +41 22 999 07 91 management which will help us to understand why this Century. Seven of the ten warmest swamp habitats of the endangered The recent Paris meeting where iconic species is kept in zoological facilities and what years on record have also occurred white bellied frog (Geocrinia alba) governments reached agreement is Layout and typesetting: [email protected] their contribution to conservation is. Unfortunately, it since 2002. are increasingly diminished. The ac- a light of hope. Through our zoo and Cover: © Joel Sartore, Photo Ark; with thanks for donating the photo was not possible to acquire a contribution from the tuality of the drying climate is never aquarium engagement programs, in Print: Agentura NP, Staré Město, Czech Republic studbook keeper in China. To whet your appetite, in the And for Perth in the south‑west of so clear when there are decreasing our messaging, keeper talks, re- following editions of WAZA News, we are planning to Australia where I live, the changing wetlands left to which we can return search activities and our advocacy Edition: 800 copies | © WAZA 2015 continue this series with features on marine mammals, climate is very evident, with the sci- these little frogs. (see WAZA’s Committing to Conserva‑ elephants and great apes. entific projections clear and stark. tion, chapters 3–5) it is time for all of This edition of WAZA News is also available on: us to step up and support this and www.waza.org (members’ area) Best wishes, highlight the ways that people can Gerald Dick | Executive Director make a difference and minimise the Printed on FSC paper. effects of human induced climate change.

ISSN: 1662-7733 2 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 3

Kathy Traylor‑Holzer1 and Jonathan D. Ballou2 Is Conservation Really Black and White?

Giant pandas. Most people, daresay The Past – the 1970s (Nicholls 2011). The resulting everyone reading this article, have an the 1980s and before state gifts and eventual breeding loans immediate internal response to this of panda pairs have had widespread species. What is your initial reaction? The giant panda has long been international impacts beyond the sur- Is it positive? Or negative? Conserva- shrouded in mystery. Restricted to vival of this single species and helped tion success, or failure? How much remote mountainous areas of west- to open China to the world. do you really know about this unique ern China, amazingly this species was species and its journey toward pres- unknown to all except local residents For zoos receiving these high profile ervation? until 1869, even within China. This animals, however, breeding giant carnivore that eats bamboo and ap- pandas posed challenges. Difficulties Few species spark as much emotion pears to have an opposable‘ thumb’ in breeding a solitary species with a and debate, and frequent misper- confused taxonomists and challenged short breeding season (1–2 day estrus ception, as the giant panda. Among early attempts to maintain captive once a year) and delayed implantation, © Kathy Traylor‑Holzer the general public it is a much loved specimens, adding to its mystic. Few combined with behavioral issues such Pan Pan (ISB# 308), a 30-year‑old wild‑caught founder now retired at the Dujiang- yan giant panda base, was an infamously prolific male, siring 29 cubs in 17 litters icon subject to frequent anthropo- individuals made it out of China for as inexperience, incompatibility and and accounting for 9% of the genetic composition of the current ex situ population. morphism and occasional fanaticism. decades, making it a rare and little disinterest, led to frequent repro- The Beginning – the 1990s Biologists often think of it as a spe- understood curiosity. All of that ductive failure. Newborn cubs are cies fraught with reproductive issues changed with Mao Zedong. extremely small and altricial, which At first, successful reproduction was and by State Forestry Administration 61 giant pandas at the major Chinese and restrictive dietary requirements contributed to low survival. Public slow and there were few surviving (SFA) facilities such as Wolong. While breeding facilities during 1998-2000 that threaten its survival. For many Its striking physical appeal and en- perception was, and often still is, that cubs. By 1980 the worldwide captive institutions from these two different identified behavioral, nutritional and conservationists, it is viewed as a demism combined with its absence giant pandas reproduce poorly and population had grown to 100 pandas, government ministries cooperated, health issues contributing to low drain on limited resources for conser- from historic Chinese culture such as are not viable long term in captivity. but most of the population was wild there was no single, overall manage- reproductive success. Additional col- vation with little return. But for many paintings and literature placed the gi- That indeed was the case at one time. born. Population size remained at ment strategy. Recognizing the need laborations addressed health, capac- of us close to this species, the giant ant panda in a unique position during All that has changed – and it is due 100-115 pandas for many years, with for a scientifically‑based captive man- ity building and other issues. This fed panda is an emerging conservation the Culture Revolution. While Mao primarily to extensive collaboration on births just compensating for fewer agement plan, Chinese managers into a CBSG‑led workshop in early success story that demonstrates the declared a‘ war against nature’ and re- an international scale toward com- captures from the wild to prevent invited the IUCN SSC Conservation 2002 that established the structure benefits of comprehensive planning jected most cultural icons such as the mon conservation goals and fueled by decline. But in 1997 something Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) to of a Chinese scientific management and extensive collaboration that can Chinese tiger (Shapiro 2001), the giant science. Each of the many partners in noteworthy happened – for the first facilitate the development of such a committee that meets annually to conserve a species, and possibly even panda was embraced as a symbol of this decades‑long effort has its own time, and ever since, the number of plan. No stranger to China, CBSG had share management and research more. Let us explain. modern China and acted as a catalyst, rich story to tell. Here we present one captive‑born giant pandas in captivity facilitated the development of a stud- achievements and to develop each along with table tennis, to bridge rela- aspect in which we have been involved exceeded the number of wild‑born in- book and masterplan for the Critically year’s breeding plan (see Wildt et al. tions between China and the West in as population management advisors dividuals. Soon after, the population Endangered South China tiger just 2006 for more details). to the global ex situ population. began to grow and become demo- a year earlier in 1995. In late 1996, a graphically sustainable. The future of CBSG‑led team headed to Chengdu We (the authors) were fortunate the species in zoos was changed by to begin this process for giant pandas. enough to participate in that inaugu- a series of collaborative events that ral 2002 meeting and have provided Figure 1 began in 1996 in Chengdu, China. Chinese workshop participants population management advice to acknowledged their challenges and the global giant panda program each Census of the giant panda By the mid-1990s, several Chinese agreed that their goal was “to de- year thereafter. Along the way we global captive population by origin from the 2015 facilities were breeding giant pandas. velop a self‑sustaining population of have witnessed its transformation International Studbook However, only a few adults were suc- giant pandas that will assist support- into a well‑managed, viable popula- (data from Xie 2015). cessful breeders, thereby failing to ing a long‑term, viable population tion that can contribute to the secu- capture genes from most wild‑caught in the wild” – a vision beyond the rity and recovery of this endangered pandas and limiting population exhibition of pandas in zoos. Interna- species. growth. Neonatal mortality, nutrition tional experts assisted in the analysis and health issues also plagued the of problems related to reproduction population. A further complication and health as well as infrastructure was that captive pandas in China and capacity building needs. While 1 IUCN SSC Conservation were managed both in zoological the challenges were great, so was the Breeding Specialist Group institutions (by the Chinese Associa- potential for success, and motiva- 2 Smithsonian Conservation tion of Zoological Gardens – CAZG) tion was high. A biomedical survey of Biology Institute 4 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 5

North America 17 pandas China 366 pandas • Jinbao Paradise • Wenzhou Zoological Gardens • San Diego Zoo | US • Anji Bamboo Gardens • Langzhong Panda Paradise • Wolong Gengda • Memphis Zoo | US • Anyang Zoological Garden • Lanzhou Zoo Giant Panda Base • Zoo Atlanta | US • Baoxing Education Center • Linyi Botanical Garden • Wolong Hetaoping • National Zoological Park | US • Beijing Zoological Gardens • Liugongdao Park Giant Panda Base • Toronto Zoo | Canada • Changsha Ecological Zoo • Liuzhou Zoo • Wuhan Zoo • Chapultapec Zoo | Mexico • Chengdu Research Base • Nanchang Zoological Garden • Wuxi Zoological Garden of Giant Panda Breeding • Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo • Xiazhuhu National Europe 11 pandas • Chengdu Zoological Garden • Ningbo Zoological Garden Everglade Park • Edinburgh Zoo | Scotland • Chongqing Zoological Garden • Northeast Tiger Garden • Xiuning Giant Panda • Pairi Daiza Zoo | Belgium • Dafeng Zoo • Panyu Xiangjiang Safari Park Ecological Park • Tiergarten Schönbrunn | Austria • Dalian Forest Zoo • Qingdao Zoological Gardens • Xixiakou Wild Animal Park • Zoo de Beauval | France • Dujiangyan Giant Panda Base • Sanjiang Ecological Tourism • Ya’an Bifengxia • Zoo Aquarium de Madrid | Spain • Emei Xianzhizhujian Zone Giant Panda Base Ecological Park • Shanghai Wild Animal Park • Yangzhou Zoological Garden Asia outside of mainland China • Fuzhou Giant Panda • Shanghai Zoological Garden • Yichang Children’s + Australia & Oceania • Shanxi Rare Wildlife Research Zoological Garden 27 pandas Research Center • Guangzhou Zoological Garden Center • Zibo Yuanshan National • Ocean Park | Hong Kong • Shenzhen Safari Park Forest Park • Seac Pai Van Park | Macau • Guilin Qixing Park Zoo • Guizhou Forest • Shijizhuang Zoo Figure 2 • Taipei Zoo | Taiwan • Taihu Everglade Park • Chiangmai Zoo | Thailand Wild Animal Park • Hangzhou Wild Animal Park • Taiyuan Zoological Garden Giant pandas currently • Zoo Negara | Malaysia • Tianjin Fude Zoo in zoos worldwide. • River Safari | Singapore • Hangzhou Zoological Garden • Hefei Wild Animal Park • Tianjin Zoological Park • Tokyo Ueno Zoo | Japan • Tianmuhu Garden • Kobe Oji Zoo | Japan • Huaying Mountain Giant Panda Wild Training Base • Wenling Changyu Dongtian • Adventure World | Japan Scenic Spot • Adelaide Zoo | Australia • Jinan Zoo

The Present – 2000 to 2015 A One Plan Approach

Over the past 14 years the giant Improved understanding of factors An important aspect in the success Resolving any demographic chal- Since the 1996 workshop, giant Management of the ex situ popula- panda population has developed into affecting reproductive success has of the giant panda population is the lenges to promote growth is essential panda managers viewed the ex situ tion is a shared collaboration be- a demographically stable population, played a role, especially for females. concentration of pandas in a few for population viability, but it can population as a tool to support pan- tween the CAZG zoos and the State expanding from 152 pandas in 19 in- Promoting successful mating behav- large breeding centers in China. be easier behaviorally, logistically das in the wild. The current officially Forestry Administration. Annual stitutions in 2002 to the current (No- ior in males continues to be a chal- Within each breeding center lies and even politically than managing stated goal of the ex situ program is: giant panda conferences intersperse vember 2015) population of 423 indi- lenge, and the extremely short estrus a vast body of expertise in husbandry, it genetically. Working to produce presentations on the status, research viduals in 78 institutions worldwide of each female leaves little time for veterinary care, and reproduction. more little baby pandas is motivating. The maintenance of a sustainable ex and management of wild pandas (Figure 1). While the rescue of an adaptive learning. The development A large number of individuals within Purposefully reducing the number situ giant panda population that is with those of the ex situ population. occasional wild individual occurs, of successful artificial insemination a single facility provide options for of cubs in favor of greater emphasis genetically and demographically viable Disease centers focus on the health of 92% of the ex situ population is cap- (AI) procedures for giant pandas has mates when initial pairing attempts on breeding genetically valuable ani- and can provide animals for release to both captive and wild pandas, and ex tive born. Annual growth ranged from provided a safety net. Most mat- fail. Three Chinese facilities ac- mals is more difficult to explain and support the wild population. situ facilities provide staging grounds 9–15% except when intentionally ings involve either natural mating counted for 80% of the births since enforce. As with most ex situ popula- for individuals transitioning between slowed. This demographically healthy by 2–3 males or natural mating by 2002 and are the heart of the ex situ tions, reproductive success rates are Recognized conservation roles of the these environments. population has a well‑balanced age a single male followed by AI from population. often lower with individuals near the ex situ population and related contri- and sex structure that is the envy of multiple male donors, with relatively top of the mean kinship list, and the butions of the ex situ community to Perseverance has been strong, and many managed programs. few matings relying solely on AI. Sub- Strong population growth and high temptation to rely on good yet ge- giant panda conservation are: was needed when the May 2008 sequent genetic testing verifies the levels of gene diversity retained netically over‑represented breeders earthquake hit the Wolong breeding A variety of factors led to this strong paternity of offspring, and show that (97%) allowed the setting of a lofty is strong, and especially so for giant • Source of giant pandas for center in the mountains of Sichuan, population growth. Improvements in when both natural mating and AI are quantitative goal for this population pandas. In recent years the mantra reintroduction needs home to 63 giant pandas at that time. nutrition and veterinary care im- used, it is almost invariably the males that is seldom achievable or even “quality over quantity” has dominated • Insurance population against popu- The amazing dedication of and rescue proved overall survival, and rearing that naturally mated with the female considered – the retention of at least the annual giant panda conferences lation decline or loss in the wild efforts by the Wolong staff during protocols have increased neonatal that are the offsprings’ sires. While 90% gene diversity for 200 years, as and technical meetings. The genetic • Research opportunities this tragedy meant that only three survival. About 50% of litters consist natural mating behavior is preferred, originally recommended for captive value of mated pairs (i. e., those with (e.g., disease prevention) pandas were lost in the resulting of twins vs single cubs, yet it is diffi- AI offers opportunities for reproduc- populations by Soule et al. (1986). low Mate Suitability Index scores) • Resource for developing techniques landscapes that destroyed the breed- cult for females to rear two such altri- ing genetic valuable non‑breeding About 500 pandas (400–600, depend- is reported and applauded by both that can support wild panda con- ing center and 120,000 ha of giant cial young that are only about 1/1000 males and for cross‑institutional ing upon the intensity of genetic CAZG and SFA. While this change in servation in China (e. g., censusing, panda habitat. of the size of the female at birth. The transfers of sperm instead of living management) are needed to achieve priorities, from the number of baby health status) practice of periodically switching animals. In 2015 the first transfer of this genetic goal set by the giant pandas to the genetic value of those • Economic and political benefits The rapid improvement in the vi- siblings between the mother and the sperm from China to the US dem- panda scientific committee in 2009; cubs, took several years before it to support wild population ability of the ex situ population over nursery (with always one cub in each) onstrated the potential value of this the population is now approaching its was embraced, it now is accepted conservation the past two decades has been allows both twins to survive and yet technique for long‑distance transfers. target size and can realistically meet practice. As a result, gene diversity • Resource for public education matched by similar improvements in reap the benefits of being mother All of these achievements were the this goal. has not only been maintained but has and public awareness the wild. The 2015 census, the fourth reared. result of strong collaborations among increased from 96.9% in 2002 derived such National Giant Panda Survey dedicated managers, researchers from 41 founders to 97.4% derived completed every 10 years, estimates and veterinarians within China and from 52 founders. the wild population at 1,864 pandas, partner holding institutions around representing a 17% increase over the world. the past decade. Advancements 6 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 7

© ZoosDalian Victoria Forest Zoo Participants of the 2015 Annual Conference of the Chinese Committee of Breeding Techniques for giant pandas, representing many of the hundreds of individuals and institutions collaborating for the conservation of the giant panda. References

• Li, B. V. and Pimm, S. L. 2015. Conserving Pandas China’s endemic vertebrates sheltering under the protective The giant panda serves as an um- Can giant pandas be conserved in umbrella of the giant panda. Con‑ brella species for the conservation of long‑term, viable populations both servation Biology. DOI: 10. 1111/ © Kathy Traylor‑Holzer China’s biodiversity. China’s remain- in situ and ex situ? Should they be cobi. 12618. One of the 96 pandas at the Chengdu Research ing endemic species are concentrated conserved? We think so. Long‑term • Nicholls, H. 2011. The Way of the Base of Giant Panda Breeding, one of the primarily in mountainous areas less success appears achievable, and Panda. Pegasus Books: New York. The Future primary breeding centers for the species. impacted by human activities, much the benefits likely extend beyond • Shaprio, J. 2001. Mao’s War of which coincides with wild giant this species – to increased capacity, Against Nature. Cambridge Uni- have also occurred in the ecological The last 20 years have seen the devel- Wild pandas may face new challenges panda range. Over 96% of panda increased habitat and biodiversity versity Press: Cambridge. understanding and management opment of a strong, demographically as habitat and land use patterns habitat overlaps with centers for en- protection, and increased inter‑agen- • Soule, M., Gilpin, M., Conway, W. of wild giant panda populations. and genetically healthy giant panda change with climate change. Other demic mammal, bird and amphibian cy and international collaborations and Foose, T. 1986. The millen- Wei et al. 2015 detail conservation ex situ population and significant threats such as emerging diseases species in need of protection (Li and with the goal of conservation. Could nium ark: how long a voyage, efforts by the Chinese government protection of wild panda habitat may come into play. Fragmentation Pimm 2015). Protection of any panda resources be better invested across how many staterooms, how that have halted population decline and populations. Some challenges and genetic isolation may become habitat therefore benefits many other a wider range of species? Probably. many passengers? Zoo Biology and outline ecological research that remain, however, and new ones are the biggest threat, increasing the endemic species. But the reality is that, at least for now, 5(2): 101–113. inform effective management actions, emerging. For ex situ populations, conservation value of population giant pandas are a high profile and • Traylor‑Holzer, K. and Ballou, J. D. including the creation of 67 protected more improvements are needed to reinforcement through transloca- Likewise, the giant panda ex situ pro- attractive species that resonates with 2016. 2016 Breeding and Manage‑ areas based on habitat models. This increase natural mating behavior tion and the need for management gram is serving as a ground‑breaking people across the globe, and conser- ment Recommendations and Sum‑ represents ~12% increase in giant and parental rearing opportunities. at the meta‑population level. With a model for the scientific genetic vation efforts seem to be working. mary of the Status of the Giant panda geographic range since 2003 Timely paternity testing in cases of third of the wild population living in management of ex situ populations in Panda Ex situ Population. IUCN (WWF 2015). multiple possible sires will be impor- non‑protected areas, the expansion China. Our work with the giant panda Our role has been a small one in this Conservation Breeding Specialist tant to maximize effective genetic of protected areas would be benefi- program has led to a series of capac- journey, and it has been our pleasure Group: Apple Valley, MN. These simultaneous achievements management. The development of a cial. The large body of knowledge and ity building efforts for CAZG in collec- to watch the progress unfold around • Wei, F., Swaisgood, R., Hu, Y., Nie, have laid the foundation for the next formal genome resource bank (GRB) research on the wild population pro- tion planning, studbook development, us. We thank the hundreds of incred- Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Qi, D. and Zhu, phase – the evolution of the ex situ strategy for the systematic collection, vides real opportunities for adaptive advanced population management ibly knowledgeable and dedicated in- L. 2015. Progress in the ecology population as a source population storage and use of sperm (and other management to address issues such and masterplanning, and to a dividuals, and especially our Chinese and conservation of giant pan- for release to reinforce existing wild biosamples) with respect to clearly as habitat quality, fragmentation, dedication by CAZG to expand sound colleagues, for allowing us to join in das. Conservation Biology 29(6): panda population and/or establish defined goals is recommended to and climate change (Wei et al. 2015). population management to more on the adventure, and cheer them on 1497–1507. new ones through reintroduction. provide additional management op- These efforts can paint a brighter species within Chinese zoos. Panda to even greater future success. • Wildt, D. E., Zhang, A., Zhang, H., A few trial releases have taken place tions and security. And of course, new future for wild giant pandas – but the breeding centers are considering Janssen, D. L., and Ellis, S. (eds.). since 2012 to investigate release opportunities await on the horizon for benefits do not stop there. expanding their population manage- 2006. Giant Pandas: Biology, training strategy. Now each year a the development of effective reintro- ment strategies from giant pandas to Veterinary Medicine and Man‑ few females are purposefully bred duction and reinforcement to support their red panda populations. The suc- agement. Cambridge University to produce offspring surplus to the wild populations. cess of this biologically and politically Press: New York. needs of the ex situ population and complex species program provides • Xie, Z. 2015. International Giant are reared and trained for release. the tools and instills the confidence Panda Studbook. Chinese As- This fledgling program is expected to to consider intensive management sociation of Zoological Gardens: expand and provide direct support to for other species. Beijing. the wild population. 8 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 9

Bill Zeigler – Chicago Zoological Society First Giant Pandas Outside China in Brookfield Zoo

The Chicago Zoological Society’s after Su‑Lin went on exhibit the zoo Brookfield Zoo opened to the public had 53,504 visitors, a record that has in June 1934 and during its long his- never since been matched. Su‑Lin tory has housed three giant pandas lived at Brookfield Zoo for just over beginning, 7 February 1937, when 18 months dying 1 April 1938. The Ruth Harkness delivered Su‑Lin the cause of death was diagnosed as first giant panda ever to be exhibited pneumonia. Ruth Harkness also in the United States. Ruth was the provided Brookfield Zoo with Mei‑Mei wife of William Harvest Harkness Jr. in February of 1938, who lived for an explorer who traveled extensively over 4 years dying 3 August 1942. in Asia and China. When her husband Mei‑Mei’s cause of deaths was also died in China on a trip to acquire a live identified as pneumonia. Mei‑Mei panda she took up the quest. Ruth’s had been acquired to be a companion story of acquiring Su‑Lin is docu- for Su‑Lin. Both animals had incor- mented in the book “The lady and the rectly been presented to Brookfield as Panda” written by Vicki Constantine females and so Mei‑Mei was intro- Croke, published by Random House duced to Su‑Lin, but it did not work in 2006. out well and they were separated with no plans to attempt the introduction © CZS Su‑Lin was originally to go to the again. Unfortunately a few weeks © CZS Panda Mei Lan WLS Martha Gowdy. Bronx Zoo, however, negotiations after that introduction SU‑Lin died. Postcard Giant Panda. between Ruth and the Bronx, regard- ing the purchase, did not work out. So The third giant panda to be housed at Of the three giant pandas at Brook- From the beginning the staff at The Mount Plymouth bamboo may be Ruth brought Su‑Lin back to Chicago Brookfield was Mei‑Lan who arrived field Zoo Su‑Lin was reported to have Brookfield took a science based linked to the Mount Plymouth County where she had stopped briefly on her on 16 November 1939. This animal the best disposition, being gentle and approach with husbandry, which is Club in Florida. The country Club was way back from China to New York. lived at the zoo for 14 years and was easy to work with by staff. On the still its trade mark today, in maintain- founded in the 1920s and a number 15 years old when it passed away opposite end was Mei‑Lin who was ing the pandas for that time in the of original members were influential At first Su‑Lin was not exhibited in September of 1953. The official described as being mean and would zoological profession. As an example citizens of the Chicago area. It seems to the public. It was only after new autopsy report presented by Dr. Don- bite anything it could. This evidently there are numerous letters and corre- possible that bamboo grown on the quarters where built, that included ald A. Schmidt, the zoo’s veterinarian, included Robert Bean Sr., then Assis- spondence between Herbert E. Brad- grounds of the club might have been air‑conditioning, and SU‑Lin had identified the cause of death as in- tant Director of the Zoo working un- ley the then chairman of the Animal offered as a potential source of food gained another approximate 20 flammation of the heart and nephritis. der his father Edward Bean the Direc- Committee, Harold Mowry Assistant by the Chicago connection. In follow pounds, did he made his debut to tor. It was also reported that keeper Director-Administration and outside up letters to Mr. Bradley, after the zoo visitors on 13 August 1937. It was The exhibition of the Pandas put the Ralph Small actually lost his hand to sources in analyzing bamboo for bamboo analysis was completed reported that on the following Sunday Brookfield Zoo on the map despite Mei‑Lin while he was attempting to nutritional content and what foods the diet for the pandas was recom- the fact that Brookfield was one of evaluate Mei‑Lin’s health status. the zoo could substitute to create a mended as follows: spinach leaves, the first zoos in the United States to sound diet. Samples of leaf sheaths, alfalfa, beet greens, carrots, whole be designed as “barless” following the Unfortunately pairing any of the leaves and stems of “Tibet” bamboo cereal, and whole wheat. Included as European design efforts of people like three pandas with the opposite sex were analyzed for protein, carbohy- additives were rice, cornstalks, grass, Reference materials: Ursus Eggenschwiler of Switzerland was never accomplished. In 1941 Chi- drates, fiber, ash, calcium, magne- and grapes. and Heinrich and Lorenz Hagenbeck. na had decided that there would be sium and phosphorus. These were • “Lady and the Panda”, Vicki Con- The Chicago community immediately no more pandas leaving the county. then compared to “Mount Plymouth” After their deaths all three pandas stantine Croke, Random House/ fell in love with the pandas and were When Mei‑Lin died she was the last of bamboo, and “Canned” bamboo. where sent to the Chicago Field Thorndike Press, 2006 followed extensively through news- the species to be held in any zoo for a While I could not find a better refer- Museum where curator Dwight Davis • “Let the Lions Roar!, The Evo- paper reports and radio broadcasts. number of years. In 1946 permission ence to “Canned bamboo” other examined the animals and conducted lution of the Brookfield Zoo, There were even daily call ins by the was given to the London zoo to re- than simply a commercial product. anatomical studies. Andrea Friederici Ross, Chicago public to see how the pandas where ceive a panda, but reports say it died Zoological Society, 1997 doing when it had been reported they soon after arriving in England. By the © CZS • “Men and Pandas”, Ramona and were ill. The death of each panda was mid-60s there were only two pandas Su‑lin and zoo security guard. Desmond Morris, McGraw‑Hill mourned by thousands and still today outside China, one in the London Zoo Book Company, 1966 grandparents and parents talk about and one in the Moscow Zoo. • Chicago Tribune coming to the zoo with their parents to see the last panda Mei‑Lin. 10 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 11

Johanna Bukovsky – Tiergarten Schönbrunn, Vienna Zoo Keeping Giant Pandas is the Dream of Many Zoos

“At last! He has lain down and has Giant pandas have become a symbol tem and three indoor air‑conditioning started eating.” Zoo keeper Renate for the protection of species. They units create a pleasant temperature Haider is sitting in a small truck are rare – both in the wilderness and in the summer months. The giant parked in the cargo area of Vienna’s in zoos. At the present time only five pandas have 135 square meters of Airport. In the truck’s freight area, in zoos in Europe are home to these indoor space and 1000 square meters a large shipping crate, is the Panda black and white bamboo bears: Beau- outdoors at their disposal. Fu Bao. Lying on his back he eats a val, Edinburgh, Madrid, Vienna and bamboo cane. Now and again the Pairi Daiza in Belgium. Keeping giant Two keepers from Schönbrunn under- keeper feeds him carrots through pandas is the dream of many zoos. went three weeks of training in the © Daniel Zupanc the bars, a sweet titbit as reward. Schönbrunn Zoo fulfilled this dream care of giant pandas at the Chinese Fu Long, 19th April 2008. Soon his long journey begins. That in 2003. On 20th September 2002 an research and breeding centre Wolong. is of course very exciting – both for agreement was signed between the During the final week before the These are supervised by local panda The giant panda’s day consists of 55 While pandas in Vienna thrive and the panda and his accompanying zoo and the China Wildlife Conser- arrival of the pandas the vets at the rangers who are regularly trained by percent eating and 41 percent resting. prosper the climate is not optimal team. A last glance, a few words in a vation Association (CWCA). “This zoo were provided with the necessary the zoo in cooperation with the Aus- Adult females spend their remaining for growing their food. Therefore familiar voice, and then off towards agreement was preceded by inten- medical panda knowledge. A final trian National Parks and the Federal time with social activities centred bamboo has to be imported from the the plane which will transport Fu sive negotiations and preparations health check of the animals and eve- Forestry Office. Furthermore the zoo around the bringing up of their young. south of France and Holland. A small Bao and his accompanying team via between the zoo and the Austrian rything was ready for the big day. On is obliged together with other institu- Their diet is made up to 99 percent of amount is grown in Burgenland Amsterdam to Chengdu. Fu Bao’s and Chinese government. Only after May 14th 2003 the pandas Yang Yang tions to carry out research projects bamboo which contains few nutrients (Austria). Approximately 2.4 tons of keeper is accompanied by the curator successful talks on a political level can (sunshine) and Long Hui (sign of the the results of which are to be used for and is not easy to break down. There- this grass species are fed each month. Eveline Dungl and Thomas Voracek, a zoo begin with negotiations. The dragon) were moved to Schönbrunn. the good of the animals both in the fore pandas have to eat daily be- In total there are 20 different types the vet. After the shipping crate has pandas are a symbol of the friendship Right from the start they were a visi- wild and in human care. tween 20 and 30 kilos of bamboo to of bamboo on the menu, and the been secured, bamboo is loaded into between China and Austria”, says zoo tor attraction and a magnet especially cover their energy requirements. The animals’ preferences vary from sea- the cargo hold. About 20 kilos are director Dagmar Schratter. for tourists. The number of visitors Giant pandas are loners. Every adult pandas at Schönbrunn are weighed son to season. The bamboo is stored needed as food for the journey. Fu to the zoo exceeded the two million animal has its so‑called area of activ- twice a day in the morning and in the in specially adapted cold‑storage Bao’s destination is the panda station There was a preparation time of seven mark for the first time in 2003. News- ity, an area that is marked but is not evening. The weight fluctuation on rooms. Stored dark and moist and Du Jiangyan in the Chinese province months until the “stars” arrived. The papers, radio and TV from home and defended. The areas of activity of one day is about five kilos, depending at a room temperature of between Sichuan in the southwest of the enclosure, close to the main entrance, abroad reported on the new arrivals. male and female animals overlap but on the time of year. Long Hui’s maxi- 6 and 8 degrees Celsius, the bamboo country. Fu Bao, at the age of two, is where in 1770 the first elephants were they only spend time together during mum weight difference was 16 kilos. remains fresh for two weeks. The the third panda, born at Schönbrunn kept, was adapted accordingly. After Every zoo where pandas are kept has the mating season. Adult pandas are All these details are logged exactly. procurement of the food is complex Zoo, to be relocated in his ancestral the opening of the new elephant park an individual agreement with the also kept separately in zoos. Yang At the end of each month a detailed and therefore costly. homeland, China. in 1996 the historical complex was Chinese Association of Zoological Yang and Long Hui grew up together report on every animal is sent to the rebuilt to house the mandrills and Gardens (CAZG), in which the various in a youth group at the centre in Wo- cooperation partner in China. Among Top quality bamboo ad libitum is one the long‑tailed monkeys. In order to contractual stipulations are docu- long. Zoologist Eveline Dungl is con- other information this report details of the corner stones of the success of make the enclosure suitable for the mented. These stipulations are confi- vinced that growing up together and the types of bamboo that were fed as panda breeding at Schönbrunn. Five …The animals are pandas, the moat which completely dential. The animals are always to be the age at the time of relocation are well as supplementary food such as times a day the fodder plants are surrounded the area was reduced to seen as a mere loan and they remain of great importance for later success sweet potatoes, carrots, corn sticks or distributed in the enclosure and they always to be seen three ponds, which today are used by the property of the Peoples Republic in breeding. “Yang Yang and Long Hui the specially prepared “panda bread”. keep the bears busy for most of the the pandas for playing, drinking and of China. Pandas as a gift from coun- were both born in 2000 and were two day. The well‑constructed complex as a mere loan and cooling off. A glass partition wall was try to country as in the case of Bao and a half years old when they arrived Furthermore on a scale from 1 to with its numerous climbing possibili- built through the middle of the area – Bao in Berlin are no longer customary. in the zoo. At this age giant pandas 5 the mental state and the bodily ties also plays an important role. Posi- they remain the with a contact fence so that the ani- The first agreement between Schön- undergo radical changes also in the activities are reported, as well as the tive reinforcement also contributes mals could have both sight and smell brunn Zoo and the CWCA was limited wild: they leave their mothers and average amount of excrement, veteri- to the mental fitness of the animals. property of the contact. The monkeys’ climbing frame to ten years; thereafter a new ten year start looking for their own territory. nary treatment and other important “Perhaps this is one of the reasons for was enlarged with platforms at vari- contract was negotiated. The panda At this age they can adapt more easily information pertaining to the animal. our regular breeding success”, Dungl Peoples Republic ous heights, and to encourage breed- protection project is built on various especially when they do so together.” speculates: “During their training pe- ing provisions were made by including pillars. The zoo provides financial The young bears have played a lot riods the animals are confronted for a of China… two earth and two bamboo caves support for both the Chinese Ministry together before they reached sexual few minutes with extra tasks. Health both indoors and outdoors as well as of Forestry and the national Nature maturity, and this is an enormous checks can therefore be carried out a breeding box. Trees provide shady Protection Authority. The central enrichment in their daily routine. stress free and without anaesthetics. places, and an outdoor sprinkling sys- point is the creation of panda protec- As a reward they get sweet vegeta- tion zones and migration corridors bles such as red paprika, carrots and between the existing nature reserves. sweet potatoes.” 12 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 13 Advertising

Chester Zoo, Islands

© Daniel Zupanc © Norbert Potensky Fu Hu and mother Yang Yang just before his first birthday. Female Yang Yang eating bamboo.

For safety reasons the keepers have In 2006 at the age of 6 both Yang of 1 square meter and is 1.9 meters According to Chinese tradition he panda baby was born: Fu Bao (Lucky no direct contact to the adult bears, Yang and Long Hui became sexually in height. The fact that the box is was given his name “Fu Long” (Lucky Leopard). These births are confirma- considering that Yang Yang and Long mature. Giant pandas in human care narrow and dark like a cave seems Dragon) 100 days after his birth. After tion of Schönbrunn’s panda keeping. Hui weigh each about 100 kilos. By are regarded as being lazy reproduc- to have attracted the mother”, says having consulted with the Chinese co- Schratter: “You need a bit of luck. The clicker training which is practised ers. Put succinctly they are sexless Dungl. Female pandas often give operation partner the name was cho- chemistry between the parent ani- on average three times a week the animals. The Viennese pandas on the birth to twins. In the wilderness only sen in an internet voting where about mals seems to be good.” A recently animals have learnt a lot. This train- other hand didn`t waste any time. one survives, as the mother only has 26.000 panda fans world‑wide took published study from the zoo in San ing is carried out in a special training The first mating took place in 2006 enough energy and resources for part. In mid‑January 2008 Fu Long Diego confirms the observations cage. Keeper Renate Haider gives and a year later the mating was suc- one baby. The first two births in the toddled for the first time into the in- made in Vienna: that a mutual prefer- hand signals and Yang Yang opens her cessful. On August 23rd 2007 after a zoo were twins. In both cases only door enclosure and could be seen by ence for the potential mating partner mouth, holds out her paw for a pos- gestation period of 127 days the first one survived. As the breeding boxes the visitors. Journalists stormed the plays a major role in the breeding suc- sible blood sampling, or she lies down offspring was born – a surprise and a are so small and narrow there is no zoo and pictures of the small panda cess. Hormone analysis to determine to have her stomach palpated. In this sensation. It was Europe`s first natu- possibility of rearing the young by went around the world. Fu Long and the exact oestrus point, semen ex- position it is also possible to carry rally reproduced panda baby. hand. A video camera installed in the babies of polar bears, lions and tigers traction, insemination of the female out an ultrasound examination or to box makes comprehensive monitor- were responsible for a record number and other measures deemed essen- measure the animal’s temperature “In the morning Yang Yang was not ing possible. Dungl: “Yang Yang has of 2.6 million visitors in 2008. tial for breeding in other centres are rectally. To indicate that the exercise seen as usual in the indoor enclosure everything that she needs. Rearing therefore not necessary in Vienna. has been done correctly a whistle is and one could hear a quiet whimper- her young is her job alone. Our first As contractually agreed with the Peo- blown and the bear gets tasty treats. ing noise coming from the breeding contact with Fu Long, her offspring, ples Republic of China Fu Long now Fu Bao, born in Vienna, has come to Long Hui, the male panda, can also box”, Dungl remembers this special took place at the age of ten weeks, aged two was relocated in Novem- the end of his quarantine period in do these exercises. “Long Hui has a day. Giant pandas have a delayed whereby he was quickly weighed. At ber 2009 to the panda breeding and his new home at the panda centre Du completely different tempo. He does implantation like all large bears. The this time Yang Yang left her offspring research centre in Bifengxia in the Jiangyan and has been moved to one the exercises more slowly, but he gestation period can vary between alone for several hours while she south Chinese province of Sichuan. of the enclosures at the centre. The is motivated and learns quickly. His four and five months. The new‑born ate bamboo.” Male pandas are not However panda fans didn’t have to colleagues in China report that he has ZOO | AQUARIUM | EXHIBITION favourite exercise is stretching out panda weighs about 100 grams, is involved in the rearing of their young. wait long. Exactly three years after settled down well. We would be very Theme Park ∙ Attraction ∙ his hind leg. This is done to check his helpless and is covered with a thin Long Hui’s only contact was through Fu Long’s birth a second breeding pleased to hear in a few years’ time Hospitality ∙ Wellness ∙ Retail claws. He seems to really enjoy it”, layer of fluff. In order to provide a metal grid. was successful. Another panda baby that Fu Bao has done his bit towards explains Haider. protection for its young the mother was born: Fu Hu, (Lucky Tiger). At the the preservation of his species. selects a den for the birth and the Fu Long conquered the hearts of the age of two he followed his brother to young animal doesn`t leave this for visitors. A monitor in the zoo showed China. On August 14th 2013 another several months. “Our female panda videos from the breeding box. He was chose the timbered breeding box a star, even before he appeared in for all three births. It has an area person. 14 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 15

Laurie Thompson – Smithsonian’s National Zoo Panda Preferences: Designing a Giant Panda Exhibit to Meet the Husbandry and Welfare Needs of the Animals

Giant pandas live in the mountains Mei Xiang and Tian Tian arrived in of South‑central China at 5,000– December of 2000. Prior to their ar- 10,000 ft. (1,524–3,048 m). Their rival, the indoor spaces were updated habitat is the older broadleaf and with new flooring, naturalistic looking coniferous forests which are cloudy, stone mountains, and a mural on rainy, and cool. Their dense fur the walls replicating panda habitat insulates them from the cold temps, in China. The outdoor yards were but they have less tolerance for the enhanced with new trees for climbing warm summer temperatures where and deadfall trees for resting. Large many captive pandas live. They spend rock caves and misters/foggers were up to eighteen hours per day eating for installed to keep the pandas cool bamboo. Giant pandas breed only in the hot summers. Giant panda © National zoo once per year and are mostly solitary. behavior watch volunteers collected Relax Zone. Females give birth in tree hollows or data to determine which features caves. Once they leave the birthing of the yards were utilized the most den, the cubs spend most of their by the pandas. The results from this The large (12,800 sq.ft. / 1,189 sq.m) days in the safety of trees until they study were used to design the panda outdoor yard included in the Asia Trail leave their mother at around eight- habitat for the new Asia Trail exhibit. panda addition was designed around een months of age. the welfare needs of the pandas (such The opening of Asia Trail in 2006 ex- as climbing, resting, and staying The Smithsonian’s National Zoo has panded the panda habitat to include cool). Features such as the rock cave, exhibited giant pandas since 1972, an additional indoor enclosure, an foggers, deadfall, and climbing trees when Ling Ling and Hsing Hsing attached off exhibit den, and an out- were all included based on what the were presented as a gift from China door yard. The new exhibit included pandas had preferred in the two origi- © National zoo to President Nixon. Given very little features the pandas used the most nal yards. The large new yard could Panda exhibit. notice before their arrival, an existing in the original exhibits. For example, also be divided into two smaller yards © National zoo exhibit was renovated for the pandas. the new indoor enclosure had a rocky if needed in the future. The yard had Asia trail. The exhibit consisted of three indoor mountain similar to the ones the pan- two entrances into a chute system enclosures (with three off exhibit das used frequently for eating and that allows animals to be moved into dens) and to two large outdoor yards sleeping in the original exhibit. The either yard. The chutes were con- (each about 8,000 sq.ft. / 734 sq.m). new mountain also had holes in it for nected to the original yards so that resting spots for the pandas. A rocky In 2013/2014 additional improve- The Smithsonian National Zoo’s giant There were already trees and wading placing bamboo upright, a recirculat- the pandas could be rotated into dif- cave was added as a cool spot to get ments were made to the panda panda habitat has been renovated pools in the yards, so wood climbing ing waterfall, and a wading pool. Sky- ferent yards each day for enrichment. away from the summer heat. Cold exhibit. Mei Xiang’s den was recon- several times over the past 40 years structures with platforms were added lights were included for natural light- Electric wires were used for contain- water runs through pipes under the figured in order to provide the staff to provide the pandas with an exhibit as enrichment for the pandas. After ing and lights were put on a natural ment around walls, doors, and some rocks to keep the surface cool. A fog- more access to her while she is in that meets their changing needs. the deaths of Ling Ling and Hsing light cycle timer. An off exhibit den trees. Redwood firs, hemlock, maple, ger system around the perimeter her den after giving birth. In order to The Asia Trail addition to the panda Hsing, the panda enclosures were with a sleeping platform similar to willow, cedar, and cork trees native to of the yard sends a cool mist into remove cubs for exams, the space habitat was even designed using renovated again to make them more the original dens was included for the panda habitat in China were planted the yards to create cooler air in the was made smaller so that staff was the results from a study on what naturalistic and to better meet the animals to have privacy. The walls of in the new yard to provide shade exhibit. A stream runs down the slope able to reach in and remove cubs the panda used in the habitat. We husbandry and welfare needs of the the exhibit were painted with a mural and climbing opportunities for the of the yard into a shallow moat for safely. New climbing structures made continue to make changes in the incoming pair of pandas. In 2006 a of Chinese mountains (matching the pandas. Native shrubs such as beau- the pandas to wade in and cool off. from Locust logs were added to Mei’s exhibit as needed to meet the needs new indoor and outdoor yard were murals in the older exhibits). tyberry, Chinese indigo, and peony The yard was sloped to mimic the outdoor yard. Cubs can perfect their of the pandas. As a result, the exhibit added and in 2013/2014 additional were planted for shade and hiding natural terrain of the mountains in climbing abilities on the structures provides the animals with a stimulat- updates were made in the panda spots. Some trees were wrapped with China. The complexity of the yard and enrichment items can be placed ing and enriching environment that exhibit to improve the husbandry and electric wires to prevent panda dam- promotes increased physical activity high up in the structures to encour- encourages natural behaviors. The welfare of the animals. age and escape, but other trees were in the pandas from climbing up and age the adults to get more exercise. visitors can view the exhibit from left for the pandas to climb. Rocks down the slopes of the yard, climbing Staff are continuously looking for multiple viewing areas and they and deadfall trees were strategi- trees, maneuvering over deadfalls, new ways to update the exhibit based can see the animals in a naturalistic cally placed in the yard as eating and and wading through water. Visitors on observing the preferences and exhibit designed to meet welfare and are able to view the entire yard from needs of the pandas. husbandry needs of giant pandas. upper and lower viewing levels. 16 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 17

Eve Wang – Taipei Zoo Giant Pandas: Conservation and Cooperation

Conservation is needed Zoo‑based panda Diet conservation efforts Pandas share hilly areas of bamboo For the food habit of giant panda, forests in the broadleaf/conifer mixed As wild animals are facing extinction their diet consists almost exclusively forests between an altitude of 1600– crisis, zoos are saving the declining of bamboo stalks and leaves. The zoo 3700m with ibis, bamboo rats, golden wildlife population through the fol- prepares four species of bamboo of pheasants, lesser pandas, golden lowing missions: the Bambusoideae subfamily, includ- monkeys and takins. By conserving • Improve reproduction to support ing Fargesia spp., Phyllostachys spp., the habitat of giant pandas, we are wildlife population and increasing and two species in the genus Dendro‑ also protecting their neighbours. Are gene diversity. calamus as the staple food in order to pandas likely to become extinct? This • Set off international conservation match the food habits with the giant is a possibility, due to their habitat mission and education. pandas in their wild habitat. They are shrinking in size each year. During the • Participate in international conser- especially fond of bamboo shoots 1960’s, the wild population of pandas vation projects for flagship species from certain local species. decreased to only 1000, the reasons and then introduce the experience for this include: and results to domestic conserva- Taipei Zoo also provides other kind • The change of human lifestyle tion projects. of food such as carrots, apples decreased panda habitats. Frag- and homemade bamboo bun. The © Taipei Zoo mentised habitats have seriously Taipei Zoo and giant panda homemade was made by fresh bam- Yuan Yuan (left, female) and Tuan Tuan (right, male). affected mating opportunities. boo powder which came from the • A female panda’s oestrous cycle Taipei Zoo applied for introducing bamboo leaves collected in the zoo lasts for a very short period, for a giant pandas since 2005, after four grounds by summer interns. The Zoo duration of only a few days. Nor- years of preparation, finally, a pair of also attempts to bring more diversity Conclusion mally only one cub survives from giant panda – Tuan Tuan (male) and of bamboo to the diet. each successful litter. Yuan Yuan (female) was introduced to The giant panda has played a sig- • Bamboo is the major food source of the Zoo at the end of 2008, the panda Health examination and nificant role as an icon and flagship pandas. Over‑exploitation of bam- exhibition opened to the public the medical management species for global wildlife conserva- boo by human beings has certainly next January and received approx. tion. By representing numerous joint decreased their food source. 3 million visitors in the year 2009. And Before introducing, Taipei Zoo has ex ­ situ conservation efforts of zoos there is one giant panda baby called started a staff exchange programme worldwide, with a number of me- Recent data from the fourth survey Yuan Zai born on July 6th 2013. Taipei with the China Conservation and ticulous research projects in several held by the State Forestry Admin- Zoo aimed at duplicating the natural Research Center for the giant panda at professional fields including nutrition, istration of China, 2011 to 2014, habitat of wild giant pandas into the the Wolong National Nature Reserve, anesthesiology, medical science and indicates that the wild population of zoo display in order to present the Sichuan. In February, 2009 Taipei Zoo population genetics the giant panda pandas is now 1864. It seems that the natural behavior of giant pandas and conducted the first general anesthe- became a role model for critically wild population has been increasing deliver information of the current sta- sia health examination with female endangered wildlife conservation since the third survey, covering the tus of global conservation programs panda Yuan Yuan in order to collect programs. Taipei Zoo also used the period from 1999 to 2003. Because to the public. data for further conservation research. attention caused by the giant pandas panda’s are still facing the same Taipei Zoo has organized a team of to benefit other local vulnerable and problems in the wild, to ensure their specialists with expertise in different endangered species in Taiwan via the survival it is essential that zoos coop- professional fields with more than Zoo’s environmental education pro- erate with each other for conserva- one hundred test results to assure the gram: species like the Formosan black tion and education. health condition of giant pandas. bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus), Formosan pangolin (Manis pentadact‑ yla pentadactyla), Chinese leopard cat …The giant panda has played (Prionalilurus bengalensis chinensis), and European Otter (Lutra lutra). a sig­nificant role as an icon and flagship © Taipei Zoo Yuan Zai at the age of 13 days. species for global wildlife conserva­tion… 18 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 19

Eric Dorfman WAZA Interview Lena M My Career International Council of Museums, Committee Lindén of Museums and Collections of Natural History Mission Improbable: (ICOM NATHIST) Nordens Ark and the Dr Eric Dorfman is the Director of Collections and research are still at Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, USA. the heart of Natural History Museums. Battle for Endangered He is an author of popular books on How can those potentials and data be © National Museum Taiwan natural history, scholarly papers on used for the conservation of biodiver- Eric Dorfman during the Taiwan Species museum operations, public program- sity and do you see this as an active Nat Hist Conference, Taipei 2015. ming, and the ecology of wetland role for museums? Understanding birds. He is also a registered ICOM me- biodiversity sufficiently to effect real problem and work toward reducing diator and sits on their Ethics Commit- conservation requires knowledge of demand for illicit goods. Natural his- tee. He is President of ICOM NATHIST. natural populations on both a spacial tory museums are also very active in and temporal scale, as well as the working with authorities to identify “The odds of this working are about WAZA: Do you see the cooperation relationships between taxa. Natural seized specimens that are suspected the same as the chance of the sun ris- between ICOM NATHIST and WAZA history collections provide all of these, of being illegally obtained. A white ing in the west.” That was the reaction as being a somewhat unusual but with lineages of specimens collected paper on these topics will shortly be of a local resident when I explained important partnership? E.D.: I do think over decades or centuries from every circulated to key stakeholders in the my idea of setting up a “facility for its important, because of the great corner of the globe. global conservation sphere. breeding and rearing endangered potential for synergy that museums Some of the ways natural history animals”. This was 1987, the year I, © WAZA and zoos can achieve together. This is collections have been used are to How can museums better cooper- as a university biologist, was invited An unforgettable moment, WAZA not only in the realm of public engage- discover cryptic species using genetic ate with zoos and aquariums in the to look into the possibility of estab- director Gerald Dick handing over the ment but in terms of research and assays, tracking changes in popula- future? As visitor‑based institutions, lishing something along the lines Heini Hediger Award 2015. conservation. However, I don’t think tions correlated with shifts in habitat natural history museums, zoos and of the Jersey Wildlife Preservation relationship is unexpected. There are or climate and confirming the origins aquariums are ideally placed to work Trust. A place to save and conserve already so many examples of museum of illicitly trafficked organisms. This together on awareness raising ac- endangered animals. Not a zoo, but I didn’t want to say we were a “zoo”, After a season that left them scratch- and zoo partnerships, from donations role is a critical one for natural his- tivities such as exhibitions and public “something else”. This was the crux as that would give our visitors expec- ing their heads, it occurred to me to of deceased zoo specimens for muse- tory museums. ICOM NATHIST has programming. Collaborative research of the problem. What was “some- tations we probably wouldn’t be able put up a sign saying “If you’re in luck, um taxidermy to co‑sponsoring citizen recently released the “Taipei Declara- projects on species of concern can thing else”? “Conservation breeding to meet. Our idea was that a visit to you might see a duck!” As they left science. Moreover, ICOM makes provi- tion on Natural History Museums and also provide background data for con- centre” doesn’t translate well into what would become Nordens Ark the park, you could see disappointed sion for including zoos and aquariums Biodiversity Conservation”, which servation efforts in situ. Additionally, Swedish. Yet I was so focused on the should be a wonderful experience for visitors thinking “What was all that in their definition of museums. states that to achieve best practice joint citizen science projects provide desire to do something useful for those seeking a peaceful walk in the about?” But there were many – quite these institutions take an active role opportunities to address both these threatened species that I saw only the country surrounded by sometimes a lot, in fact – who liked Nordens Ark What do Natural History Museums preservation of natural populations. aims at once. possibilities, not the difficulties. So unfamiliar, shy species in large enclo- because they understood the need to and Zoos and Aquariums have in it was that a small group of people, sures with lots of trees and bushes. It keep only species that were in danger common? Zoos are often referred to Recently you convened a workshop mostly friends and relatives, created was quite likely you wouldn’t actually of disappearing from our planet with- as ‘museums of the living’, taking on on Natural History Museums and a private foundation that would run see any animals, but I didn’t consider out active help from us. many of the curatorial and interpre- Wildlife Trafficking. How can muse- the new business. The initial capital that a problem. I was sure every- tive roles that are also core business ums play a role in this increasingly Eric’s 3 wishes was less than $4,000, and it never one would realise that the animals’ The debate surrounding the 1992 for museums. Similarly, museums are important issue? The ICOM NATHIST even occurred to me that there could welfare was paramount, and that the Rio Convention gave Nordens Ark increasingly keeping live animals for Wildlife Trafficking Working Group is for the Zoo Genie be any financial problems – not even reason they were there was that they an identity. People were starting to display, needing to consider many of the first coordinated effort by natural when we, a newly created foundation, needed human intervention if the talk about threatened species, and the ethical and husbandry issues faced history museums across the globe to took out a loan of $1.8 million. I was species was to survive. So the visitors we were not shy when it came to by zoos. Both kinds of institutions combat the illegal trade in wildlife. As 1. End the illegal wildlife trade appointed to lead the new foundation. would keep coming… or so I thought! stepping up and explaining what also have at their core the mission natural populations become better through eliminating demand. I think none of us had any inkling of Nordens Ark was all about: namely collecting from the wild to raise public protected, and the organisms more Regulating and monitoring it can the journey we were embarking on, Nordens Ark was inaugurated in giving these endangered species a empathy with non‑human species and difficult to obtain, the black market is only do so much. least of all me! June 1989 by His Majesty King Carl future. We could become the “tool” both use their collections for research more frequently turning to museums Gustaf, who also appointed the then for this endeavour. Slowly but surely, on the preservation of nature. As for their activities. One thing muse- 2. Make people understand that 12-year‑old Crown Princess Victoria as we built an image for ourselves that visitor‑based institutions, both zoos ums can do, and a major thrust of the appreciating nature passively is our principal patron. The opening was was so powerful it appealed to people and museums also face the challenges Working Group Activity, is to recog- not enough to preserve it for the attended by several thousand people. who wanted to be part of what we balancing the various parts of their nise the value of their collections and future. We have address every as- Of the 20 or so species at the fledg- were doing, as well as to companies business: customer service, collection to take better measures to safeguard pect of our resource use practices. ling Nordens Ark, the only ones that keen to be associated with us. Saving care, marketing and raising funds in their objects. The credibility that showed themselves were the Przewal- threatened species had all of a sudden an increasingly busy heritage environ- museums enjoy with the public also 3. Bring back a species from ski’s horses. This went on throughout become quite “sexy”! ment now dominated by social media. means that through exhibits and extinction. A mastodon would be the first summer, to the surprise of It seems the future of zoos and muse- programming museums can be highly nice. Or maybe a dodo. the modest number of visitors. ums chart similar courses. effective in raising awareness of the A guided tour at Nordens© Nordens Ark for theArk 20 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 CBSG/ISIS meeting at Nordens Ark 2007. 21

© Nordens Ark David Attenborough © Nordens Ark and Lena at Nordens Ark. Opening of the farm in 1999.

© Nordens Ark © Nordens Ark Nordens Ark is situated in a © Nordens Ark fiord of the sea and the property Entrance to Åby Manor how it The opening of the Wetland area 2008. covers more than 400 hectars. looked like a couple of years before Crown Princess Victoria released an Nordens Ark was established. European Cat fish into a breeding pond. © Nordens Ark Crown Prinsess Victoria and Jane At my first international meeting, the This publication became a kind of in situ activities. To boost our income, Consequently, 2003 was another big Goodall attended “Back to Nature” 2009. Sixth World Conference on Breeding “bible” for all of us at Nordens Ark. we would need to decide which route year in Nordens Ark’s short history, Endangered Species in Captivity – the At that time we were working with we should take: increasing the num- and my pride knew no bounds! We or- Roles of Zoos in Global Conservation, in situ field projects for the green toad, ber of people visiting the park, or try- ganised our first research college and But we were careful not to neglect When the global amphibian crisis be- I met Gerald Durrell. It was May 1992. white‑backed woodpecker, peregrine ing to find another solution. We stood managed to attract researchers from our public face. Of course, a visit to came acute, we built a breeding cen- His words about the need for action, falcon, eagle‑owl, white stork and at a crossroads: should we take the all over the world – scholars flocked Nordens Ark needed to be a fantas- tre on wetlands in our own grounds. through breeding endangered species lesser white‑fronted goose. Bill public or the scientific road? to cold, dark Sweden from Berkeley tic experience if our financiers and That also allowed us to keep various in captivity as well as in their natural Conway’s powerful keynote speech in California, Wildlife Conservation prospective patrons, not to mention species of cranes, geese and storks in habitats, left a deep impression on at the WZO in Pretoria in 1999 came One year later, after a feasibility study Society in New York, Smithsonian the Friends of Nordens Ark, were not enclosures of several thousand square me. I returned to Nordens Ark with a as confirmation that Nordens Ark and a series of sleepless nights, the Institute, Washington and Zoological to desert us. The challenge was to metres adjacent to the new building, clear idea of where our newly begun had chosen a wise path, if not yet the foundation decided Nordens Ark Society of London. Students arrived draw on the knowledge gained from giving the birds access to a natural voyage was heading: we would not most profitable from an economic should complement its breeding from all corners of Europe. Conduct- the educational activities and use it to watercourse. only engage in rearing threatened point of view. and reintroduction activities with ing training in an environment that provide interesting new information species for reintroduction into the a science‑based field and research featured real‑life paws and whiskers for our visitors. Who’s best placed to With the heightened threat to the wild, but would also involve ourselves Our newly built Farm was opened station. Two universities signed an provided an unexpected new dimen- do this? Obviously, those who care Amur tiger, we erected a 8,000 square in creating the environments in which as Nordens Ark reached its tenth agreement with us, and together we sion for many of the guest lecturers. It for our animals on a daily basis. Thus meter facility to house a breeding these species could be released. Our anniversary, so there was much to cel- initiated two new conservation biol- turned out that quite a few scientists the key to all of this was to reinforce pair while at the same time becoming ultimate objective was now perfectly ebrate – though just as much to fret ogy based university programmes. have a somewhat fuzzy image of what the idea I’d cherished for many years – involved, together with the WWF, in plain to me. about! I realised that Nordens Ark had This collaboration allowed us to apply certain animal species actually look that all staff at Nordens Ark should a major effort in the Amur region in developed and expanded enormously for funding from scientific bodies and like. They too returned home with get individual training on a yearly the Russian Far East. To expand our We subsequently joined EAZA, and, during its first decade. The foundation foundations, and in time even to have new‑found knowledge. The research basis. This fosters engagement and knowledge of the snow leopard, we the following year, what was then owned 400 hectares of land; we had our own professorship and responsi- colleges and university courses cre- pride in their work. Employees are hired a research student who, work- known as IUDZG. As a director, you a well‑trained and dedicated staff; bility for organising research colleges. ated an academic environment at encouraged always to talk to visitors. ing with the Snow Leopard Trust, fit- were elected if at least two existing we were nationally and internation- Everything at Nordens Ark! Nordens Ark that attracted scientific Our mantra was that “a visitor on ted satellite collars to a large number directors vouched for your serious ally renowned; we were responsible funding. The business community, too, an overcast Tuesday in November is of leopards in the Gobi Desert. As and reliable character. I was one of for a number of studbooks; and we Now we could seek financing from saw that being associated with Nor- perhaps the most important visitor of more and more of Sweden’s bee- the very few female directors, so were working in situ with several the EU’s Structural Funds. Open dens Ark brought clear benefits from a the year”. What this meant was that tles, butterflies and birds found their I felt more than welcome at my first species and were well respected. But Sesame! If we were to run courses out “good citizen” perspective. any visitor might just turn out to be way on to the Swedish Red List, we conference in São Paulo, Brazil. It then there was the money side. The in the sticks, we needed to be able to from a very important company, or created a 300-hectare “Ecopark” at was a conference I’ll never forget. annual number of visitors to Nordens provide overnight accommodation So when I look back (something I’m indeed a future private benefactor. our own property to promote natural I was most impressed by figures such Ark hovered around 100,000 and had and training facilities. Our applica- not good at), I see that the change of And a visiting child could be a future biological diversity. Simultaneously, as Gunther Nogge, Roger Wheater been static for some years. Bearing in tion clearly fulfilled the necessary direction we decided upon when we David Attenborough! So if you work we built a breeding facility for these and Jeremy Mallisson. Their scien- mind the considerable distance to the criteria and we obtained funding for a chose to prioritise the scientific side at Nordens Ark, you always have an species. We became expert at rearing tific approach would lead to the first nearest big city, this probably wasn’t hotel, veterinary clinic, laboratory and was a stroke of genius. Why? Well, extra job to do – telling visitors about the green toad, capricorn beetle and international conservation strategy bad. But I was aware we needed more lecture rooms. first and foremost, our objectives our animals, and about what happens longhorn beetle. Not headline news that was to be a dream come true for money if we were to develop our could only benefit from the work with outside the confines of the public part perhaps, but still important for biodi- a frustrated female director from the breeding and releases being done in of the park and in the field. versity. All investments are done with- Swedish outback! scientific surroundings. Furthermore, out any loans, fully financed before being associated with large businesses Once we’d worked out where we were the first spade has hit the ground. and prestigious scientific funds gave going, investment followed as a mat- us excellent new financing possibilities. ter of course. 22 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 23 Book Reviews

Gerald Dick – WAZA Executive Office Manfred Niekisch – Zoo Frankfurt

On The Edge, The State and Las Rutas Venezolanas Fate of the World’s Tropical De Pedro Trebbau Rainforests By Nelson Rivera By Claude Martin Grupo Intenso, Caracas, 2015, Greystone Books, 2015, 183pp. 343pp + 16 pages colour insert | ISBN 978-1-77164-140-1 | e‑book A laughing young man lying on a deck © Nordens Ark ISBN: 978-1-77164-141-8 chair, half buried under a lion… what During an expedition in 2012, Lena an unusual photograph on the cover looking at faeces of Amur tiger in Russian Far East together with Claude Martin worked as a field of an unusual book on an unusual Gerald Dick – Juri Daman from WWF Russia and biologist in India and parks director man – Pedro Trebbau. “A diplomat for WAZA Executive Office Håkan Wirén from WWF Sweden. in Ghana before serving as director nature and culture” he is called in the general of WWF International. WAZA foreword and indeed, Pedro Trebbau The Ethics of Captivity © Nordens Ark had the pleasure to have him as a has influenced the world of zoos and By Lori Gruen (Ed) Lena, wearing socks – keynote speaker at the annual confer- promoted nature conservation in Oxford University Press, 2014, © Nordens Ark knitted by her staff – taking ence in 2010. Latin America more than anybody be- 276pp | ISBN 978-0-19-997799-4

© Nordens Ark part in a release of lesser white fore him. This book was produced by The only way to cross the Amur fronted geese, summer 2015. Lena and Crown Princess Victoria This book is a report to the Club of his family on the occasion of his 86th 15 different authors, most of them tiger area in Anuisky National Park th was by tracked vehicle. at 25 Anniversary 2014. Rome, who says that “On The Edge birthday and tells his story from the university professors of philosophy, puts tropical rainforests back where beginning in Germany through to his bioethics, behavioural ecology, an- In 2014, Nordens Ark celebrated We still have 100,000 visitors, but going to do it, you must have a very they belong: at the center of the recent years in Venezuela and in the thropology, psychology but also ani- its 25th anniversary. Highlight of turnover has multiplied and admis- good reason. If that reason is that the environmental debate”. With five world, from adventures in the field mal rights activists and ecofeminists the festivities was the opening of sion fees make up just 20 per cent species otherwise risks dying out, you expert views incorporated the nicely to his academic achievements and as well as one zoo professional and an enclosure for breeding Persian of Nordens Ark’s proceeds. Making may allow yourself to do it. It is, after illustrated book touches on the real worldwide reputation. A substantial five incarcerated men have gathered leopards, in conjunction with work in ourselves less reliant on the volume all, the species, and not the individual, issues: global and regional patterns of part of the book is dealing also with to discuss captivity. The book covers the species’ natural habitat in Russia’s of visitors was a deliberate policy. The that must be preserved for future destruction, root causes, monitoring, his family life. The book is written with its title a wide array of aspects Sochi region. It was symbolic that the weather can have a big impact on generations. biodiversity, climate change and an in Spanish but is so full of interest- ranging from incarcerated humans, three financiers of the new facility the number of visitors; and building outlook to the situation of rainforests ing, expressive and self‑explaining animals in labs, animals as pets, farm were a scientific foundation, our own spectacular new enclosures to try to I started off as the sole crew member by 2050. The book is factual based photographs that it is understandable and zoo animals. Given the scope of Friends of Nordens Ark, and Volvo AB. bring in more people didn’t appeal to of Nordens Ark; today there is a crew but still easy to read and provides also for the non‑Spanish speaking the topic presented in this book it is Our faithful friend and patron Crown me. We have our 100,000 friends, and of 60. I am sure all of us feel the same insight in the developments of the reader. The edition is limited to 300 obvious that it is an exciting but also Princess Victoria inaugurated the new we cherish them. elation when we see a peregrine last decades, integrates ecology and copies and was privately printed. And controversial reading. Stephen Ross enclosure. falcon in the sky and try to spot the economics to explain deforestation another unusual thing about this is discussing in one chapter captive Half of our revenue comes from the ring on its leg that would identify it as and forest health throughout the book: it is distributed by the son of chimpanzees and Irus Braverman is The celebrations lasted an entire Friends of Nordens Ark, gifts, grants, one of the 190 birds raised at Nordens tropical world. The “double cocktail” Pedro Trebbau, Pedro Jose (see mail talking about ex situ breeding while weekend, and when I saw who hon- foundations, trusts, bequests and Ark and released as a juvenile. When of rapid climate change as well as address) – for free. A wonderful hom- emphasizing the blurring boundaries oured us with their presence, I had sponsors. No wonder I’m often called we hear an eagle‑owl hoot in the for- fragmentation and reduced range age to a wonderful man! between in situ and ex situ situations, to pinch myself to be sure I wasn’t a “dear friend”! After all, it’s easy to be est, see a white stork on a roof or hear sizes for many species is like a golden hence taking up the cudgels for the dreaming. Dear colleagues from the cheeky when you’re asking people for the croak of a green toad, we say to thread that leads through the book [email protected] one plan approach. Many chapters USA, Argentina, England, Italy, Swit- money to support something as close ourselves “Could it be one of ours?” and all related issues. Initiatives like are also dealing with the function of zerland and Denmark travelled to be to their hearts as animals. That we’re TEEB or REDD+ and policies and mar- sanctuaries, and one quote reads: “… with us. Well‑known Swedish artists not tax‑funded also appeals to many As my voyage with Nordens Ark ket forces that have led to positive we should have the honesty to recog- from the worlds of opera and enter- people. The remaining 30 per cent of comes to an end, I feel huge gratitude developments in conservation are nize that zoos are for us rather than tainment came to help us celebrate. our income is from training activities, that I met so many fabulous people not missing. However, in his last and for the animals.” A critical chapter Many important representatives from forestry, agriculture and the hotel, in the international zoo community. a bit pessimistic words of the book, by Catherine Doyle about captive el- universities, industry and government restaurants and shop. I have listened and learnt, and have Claude denies being a fatalist, but he ephants concludes that “there can be came and expressed their apprecia- been privileged to serve as Council says “…humans are also a part of our no ethical way to keep elephants,…” tion of what we were doing for endan- My vision from the word go – to member of WAZA, CBSG, ISIS, ASA world’s biodiversity, and the security whereas the editor concludes “I argue gered animals. keep only “brown animals” that no and AArk. All this provided me with of our descendants will not that it is possible to be held captive one cared about – was probably knowledge and insight. Meetings with be independent from it”. In and to have one’s dignity intact but As I now go into retirement after a bit naive. But I was determined, colleagues gave me warmth, love and the light of the most recent only when captive environments are 27 years, I have reflected and pon- too, that we should concentrate on inspiration. As the Nordens Ark fleet forest fires in Indonesia, this set up such that captor and captive dered over the fantastic voyage I have breeding and rearing species whose continues its journey under a new book provides deep insight in are in a relationship of respect.” Lots had the privilege of making at the natural habitats we could also work captain, I rejoice with all my heart that processes and developments of facts, lots of controversy and dif- helm of Nordens Ark. to improve, and this part of my vision its steady course is making such a dif- of tropical rainforests and also ferent views – a stimulating reading. has largely been realised. Restricting ference for endangered species. And gives some moderate hope for a wild animal’s living space is, I still be- I can confirm that the sun still does a positive change. lieve, a great responsibility. If you’re rise in the east! www.greystonebooks.com http://ukcatalogue.oup.com Translated to English by Chris Godfrey 24 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 25 Book Reviews Announcements

Anne Baker – Amphibian Ark Executive Director International Ex situ Management Drawing on published literature of Amphibians and on the extensive experience of Aquarium By Brij Gupta, Benjamin Taply, the editors, this volume provides Karthikeyan Vasudevan, Matt Goetz invaluable information relevant to Congress 2016 Assam State Zoo cum Botanical the establishment of those cap- Garden, Guwahati, 2015, 72pp tive colonies called for in the ACAP. Vancouver While not all of the species for With the threat of amphibian extinc- which husbandry protocols are de- The Vancouver Aquarium is pleased to announce that registration tions looming large, the ability to scribed are threatened at present, is now open for the International Aquarium Congress 2016. maintain and reproduce amphibians many are species for which popula- Hosted in beautiful Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from in zoos and aquariums is becoming tions are declining and which may September 25 till September 30, decision makers and professionals increasingly important. The Amphib- soon be at risk. Additionally, some from the global public aquarium community will gather to share and learn. ian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP) may serve as models for more (Gascon et al., 2007), a product of the endangered species, allowing the Our theme is Aquariums – a Growing Force for Ocean Conservation. International Union for the Conser- development of husbandry skills vation of Nature Species Survival necessary for working with more Check our website for additional information, Commission Amphibian Conserva- threatened taxa. to register for the conference or to make a hotel reservation. tion Summit in 2005, specifically We look forward to seeing you at IAC‑Vancouver. identifies the need for captive Assam State Zoo, Guwahati and programs, “In the face of overwhelm- Central Zoo Authority is to be iac2016.venuewest.com ing and sometimes urgent threats to commended for developing this vol- Registration: many amphibians, such as disease or ume, which will undoubtedly become http://iac2016.venuewest.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2142 habitat destruction, the only hope in a much‐used reference for all zoos [email protected] 23rd Biennial the short‑term for populations and seeking to enhance their ability to species at immediate risk of extinc- care for and conserve amphibians in Conference of the tion is immediate rescue for the the South Asia region. establishment and management of International Zoo captive survival‑assurance colonies.” Educators Association 18–22 October 2016, Gerald Dick – Buenos Aires WAZA Executive Office Under its new motto Bird Families of the World Why approaching the bird Crafting Effective Narratives By David W. Winkler, Shawn M. diversity through bird fami- the conference aims to strengthen Billerman & Irby J. Lovette lies? The authors mention CITES is again announcing the World some documentation of your activi- educational interventions that pro- Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2015, one example as illustration: Wildlife Day this year, any conserva- ties, please do send it to the WAZA mote attitudes, behaviors and knowl- 599pp | ISBN 978-84-941892-0-3 “A birder visiting Asia or Aus- tion project or activity in zoos and Executive office for publication after edge committed to the protection tralia for the first time might aquariums can be communicated in the date. and conservation of our environment. In order to organise the expanding naturally be misled by the support of this global day, which is The conference will take place in the knowledge of avian biodiversity and swallow‑like birds they see meant to highlight the importance of www.wildlifeday.org Convention Center of the Novotel in order to be prepared for jour- sitting on telephone wires, species conservation. If you do have Hotel of the City of Buenos Aires and neys to exotic continents this book unless they knew already the Biopark Temaikèn Foundation provides a perfect framework. In about the woodswallows (Escobar), Argentina. the usual quality of Lynx’ publica- (Artamidae), which are only tions this heavy book is full of colour distantly related to the swal- 15th International Elephant & Rhino www.temaiken.org.ar/ize2016/en plates and photos. The focus be- lows (Hirundinidae) and are ing on bird families the book takes hence usually found in a dif- Conservation and Research Symposium the approach from an evolutionary ferent section of field guides.” angle and the phylogeny of birds and This book is fun reading and Singapore Zoo, 14-18 November 2016 their geographical distribution. One has taken an interesting can find the number of genera and approach to the identifica- Pressures on wild populations of are committed to protecting the species per bird family and explana- tion of birds, using evolution, elephants and rhinos are increasing remaining animals and habitat. The tions regarding relationships, char- phylogeny, taxonomy, but at an alarming rate, with poachers symposium is presented by Inter- acteristics, habitat, food, breeding also ecology and geographical killing both species at unsustainable national Elephant Foundation and and size as well as a number of birds distribution as useful guides. levels. Wildlife habitat continues International Rhino Foundation representing the respective families to shrink while human-elephant both in colour plates and photos. www.lynxeds.com conflict increases. Conservationists www.elephantconservation.org and researchers around the world 26 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 27 Recent Updates Tiago Pinto‑Pereira – WAZA Executive Office Graph 1: App language user installs Graph 2: Social Media Growth Graph 3: App downloads by Operating Systems

WAZA Members Champion Outreach and Proof Impact of a Visit to a Zoo or Aquarium: Joint Efforts Need to Continue!

While the Biodiversity is Us tools We have been delighted with some Over the duration of the project Naturally, as the project has now will remain available to all WAZA of the amazing uses of the tools we have steadily grown with signifi- reached the stage where work with members and partners until at by members, some of whom have cant milestones. The Thunderclap the agency and the support of the least the end of the United Nations been awarded the 2015 Biodiversity (A pre‑written scheduled message donor is now coming to an end, as Decade on Biodiversity in 2020 the is Us awards (www.waza.org/en/ that is released simultaneously on fol- planned since the beginning, so is work with the agency, that helped site/conservation/biodiversity-is-us/ lowers’ social media streams) we my position as WAZA Decade Project design the tools, and the partnership awards) and we are extremely excited created for the International Day for Manager. When I started three years with the donor, who so generously knowing what some of our members Biodiversity on the 22nd of May 2015 ago I admit I did not fully appreciate supported this project, is coming to are planning to do with them over accounted for over 1% of all global the vitally important role played by an end. The WAZA Executive Office 2016 and beyond. If you have no such internet communications on Biodi- Zoos and Aquariums in conservation has earmarked resources to ensure plans we urge you to look into using versity on that day. The total direct as well as the passion and dedication the project tools are maintained and the tools holistically or from either an reach was 380’000 people with an of their staff. As I look to continue evolve to continue the support to the education or marketing perspective. estimated final reach of 450’000 peo- my career in conservation I now vitally important work of our member ple reached through shares from that know that I can count the Zoo and Zoos and Aquariums in promoting Excitingly, the preliminary results of initial group. Up till today the Face- Aquarium community as colleagues awareness on Biodiversity and simple the second round of our global visitor book page has generated 1.85 million in conservation, potential partners everyday actions visitors’ to our insti- survey not only confirm the impact of impressions with 40% of all females in my future endeavors and friends. tutions can have on Biodiversity. a zoo or aquarium visit on increased and 42% of all males within our target I have thoroughly enjoyed working biodiversity understanding and age group of 18–35 whilst Twitter has with the WAZA community and will knowledge of actions to help protect generated over 400’000 impressions. keep very fond memories of my time biodiversity, but also highlight the Both have grown steadily (Graph 2) in WAZA. impact of the Biodiversity is Us tools. and reach out to different and compli- Indeed, the preliminary results sug- mentary audiences. The App has also For any further questions on the gest that encountering the Biodiversi- grown steadily (Graph 3) and reached Biodiversity is Us tools or to send ty is Us tools contributes to improved out to a global audience as illustrated us pictures of implementation from understanding of biodiversity over by the user languages (Graph 1). your zoo or aquarium, please contact the course of a zoo or aquarium visit. These will continue to grow steadily the WAZA team using the email These are exciting findings for the and the quality of engagement will below. facebook.com/BioDiversityIsUs project itself and the world zoo and continue. aquarium community as a whole. twitter.com/BioDivUs [email protected] instagram.com/BioDiversityIsUs © Safari de Peaugres BioDiversityIsUs.tumblr.com Adapted panels by Safari de Peaugres, France.

youtube.com/user/BioDiversityIsUsWAZA 28 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 29

Alejandra Montalba1 and Martin Zordan2 Jan Stejskal – Zoo Dvůr Králové, National Zoo of Chile Czech Republic Burn Horns, Commemorates 40 years of CITES Save Rhinos

In 1975 Chile became a signatory (2.5 hour drive from Santiago) were • Be a responsible consumer: party of CITES (the Convention on specially invited to participate in the Do not buy threatened species International Trade of Endangered ceremony, accompanied by their protected by CITES, report illegal Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). To science teachers. Three stations possessions, and promote the commemorate these four decades, allowed the students to learn about voluntary donations of protected the National Zoo of Metropolitan different topics related to CITES. The specimens to local authorities. Park of Santiago, together with the first station began at National Zoo’s • Support conservation and sustain- International Technical Assistance main gate, where the Science Bus, a able use of CITES species. Program (DOI‑ITAP) of the U.S. mobile lab developed by the Ecosci- • Become informed and collaborate © International Technical Assistance Program (DOI‑ITAP) of the U.S. Department of Interior Department of Interior, developed a ence Foundation, focused on trophic with different public and private Mauricio Fabry, Director of Santiago Metropolitan Park, and Kristen J. Sarri, Assistant Secretary for Policy, Management and Budget at the U.S. Department special anniversary exhibition about chains and the delicate balance of organizations that promote the of Interior, at the inauguration of the exhibition at National Zoo of Chile. CITES at the National Zoo, during ecosystems, highlighting both posi- compliance with CITES. © Zoo Dvůr Králové Burning ceremony. October and November 2015. tive and negative human impacts on habitats. At the second station, SAG After this grand opening, several Under armed customs supervi- The exhibition was possible thanks to had a live‑demonstration of the Ca- initiatives have been carried out, sion a major burning event of the collaboration of a public‑private nine Squad, showing kids how sniff- including: rhino horn took place at Zoo Dvůr alliance of organizations: the Na- ing dogs can help stop trafficking in • Daily educational talks carried out Králové on 21st September 2014. tional Zoo of Chile, DOI‑ITAP and border controls. The final station was by the Zoo’s Education Team, at The burning was organised under the U.S. Embassy in Santiago, Latin located at the National Zoo´s central different animal enclosures, with the auspices of the Czech Minister American Association of Zoos and plaza, where the Education Depart- special emphasis on discouraging of Environment and as a follow up Aquariums (ALPZA), EcoScience ment of the Zoo carried out a paint- animal trafficking and promoting on 19th November 2015 the Czech Foundation, Roots & Shoots Chile of ing activity for small children in order protection and care of our native Republic and Vietnam signed the Jane Goodall’s Institute, Livestock to promote biodiversity conservation. wildlife. These talks informed the a declaration on collaboration and Agricultural Service (SAG), and SAG had a display of confiscated visitors about the important role in the field of the CITES treaty. It the National Police Task Force against products of CITES‑listed species, the National Zoo in rescuing and is hoped to reduce the demand Environmental and Cultural Crimes allowing students to touch and see housing confiscated animals; they for rhino horn and poaching at the (JENAMA). the consequences of illegal com- represent 40% of the Zoo’s animal same time. Vietnamese Deputy merce. Roots & Shoots had a stand collection. Agriculture Minister Ha Cong Tuan The exhibition was inaugurated with educational activities towards • Daily zookeeper talks in front of ani- said it is necessary to promote on October 9th, by Mauricio Fabry, conservation. And DOI‑ITAP installed mal enclosures providing informa- the fact that rhino horns have no Director of Santiago Metropolitan 10 panels that explained the impor- tion about their work in protecting © International Technical Assistance Program (DOI‑ITAP) of the U.S. Department of Interior healing effect. Vietnam, like the Park, and Kristen J. Sarri, Assistant tance of CITES to protect biodiversity. CITES species. Czech Republic, is mainly a transit Stand of Chile Livestock and Food Service (SAG) with samples of Secretary for Policy, Management These messages were emphasized in • The CITES panels and educational confiscated animals products at different customs of the country. country for smugglers and it tries and Budget at the U.S. Department a short video, which encouraged visi- video at the Zoo’s main plaza. to eradicate the illegal traffick- of Interior. Forty school students tors to comply with CITES, following • SAG’s stand about confiscated ing on its territory. Over 300 kg of from the southern city of Curico three simple but meaningful actions: materials. The National Zoo of Chile is proud the global zoo and aquarium commu- rhino horns and 30 tonnes of ivory • Roots & Shoots conservation of being a host of this important nity committed to cooperate in order were seized in Vietnam in the past education stand. exhibition, and is honored to be part to promote the conservation and sus- four years, he said. of this partnership with private and tainable use of species of wild fauna The two‑month long exhibition public conservation organizations, and flora. As National Zoo of Chile, …fostering a strong relation between closed with an event in front of the learning centers, and national and we firmly believe that by fostering a Chilean Presidential Building (Palacio international agencies. The National strong relation between the zoo and the zoo and aquarium community with de La Moneda), where the National Zoo expects to share its passion for aquarium community with CITES at Zoo had a stand with information animals and conservation, and ulti- a national, regional and global scale, CITES at a national, regional and about the important role this institu- mately to empower visitors to take we can achieve a significant impact of tion has for promoting the compli- action. Also, as member of WAZA biodiversity conservation. global scale… ance with CITES. and ALPZA, the National Zoo of Chile considers this initiative under the For more information about the exhi- framework of the Memorandum of bition, please visit our websites. © Simona Jiřičková Understanding signed by WAZA and Vietnamese Deputy Agriculture Minister CITES in 2011. In this MoU, CITES and www.parquemet.cl Ha Cong Tuan (left) and Deputy Environment Minister Vladimír Dolejský 1 National Zoo of Chile www.citeschile.cl during signing ceremony. 2 ALPZA 30 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 31

Yara Barros – Parque das Aves John Werth – PAAZA The Alagoas Curassow Illegal Trade in Cheetahs Endemic to the Atlantic Forest in North‑Eastern Brazil, Currently Extinct in the Wild

Background Objectives of the Workshop Although WAZA can play a construc- to establishment of the tive role in most of the challenges CITES Workshop Its objectives were to review and listed, of particular importance are The forests inhabited by these exchange information on the illegal the challenges relating to population animals were cut down and replaced At its 65th meeting (SC65, Geneva, trade in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), management of captive bred animals: by sugar cane plantations. Habitat July 2014), the Standing Committee and formulate targeted recom- destruction and poaching were (SC) established an intersessional mendations to combat it, including The workshop participants discussed responsible for the extinction of the Working Group (WG) on illegal trade recommendations concerning the approaches towards urgently improv- species in the wild. The three last wild in cheetahs with Kuwait as Chair, in- disposal of confiscated cheetahs. ing the control of captive breeding curassows were rescued from the cluding member states (COP parties) operations for cheetahs to ensure wild, as their native forest was being and invited Associations. The terms Procedure of the Workshop that wild‑sourced cheetahs are not destroyed, during the late 1970’s, of reference (ToR) for the Working fraudulently declared as captive by the private breeder Pedro Mário Group as endorsed at SC65 are de- Workshop participants reviewed bred. It was recognized with appreci- Nardelli. A captive breeding program tailed in Annex 1 to the Notification recent information on the conserva- ation that South Africa, as the source was started. to the Parties No. 2014/060 dated 10 tion status of cheetahs, namely: the for most captive‑bred cheetahs in December 2014. recommendations from the study international trade, has taken great Nowadays, the survival of the species commissioned by the Secretariat in strides to improve controls through relies on a multidisciplinary effort Following the CITES Secretariat accordance with Decision 16.71; the regulatory amendments which in- that involves a breeding program, receiving responses from 33 countries, recommendations of the Animals cludes parental DNA for specimens to the urgent protection and recovery the Working Group then organised Committee; the results of the Annex be exported as captive bred (Cheetah of areas of the Atlantic forest and an a workshop of range States and Par- 1 notification 2014/060; the chal- Passport). The workshop similarly awareness effort with the local com- ties implicated in the illegal trade in lenges and advances made by Party encouraged all exporting Parties that munities where the reintroduction cheetah, and other relevant experts participants; and the perspectives of have captive breeding facilities to program will take place. As of June and organizations. The workshop the non‑governmental organizations equally ensure appropriate controls 2015, there were only 230 alagoas © Parque das Aves was convened in Kuwait City, Kuwait, participating. are in place for preventing wild speci- curassows remaining in captivity, Adult alagoa curassow. from 3 to 5 November 2015 courtesy mens being exported as captive bred distributed in 3 private breeding of the Kuwait government. Based on this information, the work- and encouraged importing Parties facilities: CRAX (Wildlife Research © Parque das Aves shop addressed a wide range of chal- to request proof of lineage (e.g. DNA Society), Criadouro Poços de Caldas Alagoa curassow chick. The workshop brought together lenges that contribute to the ongoing and studbook) when importing cap- and Fazenda Cachoeira. Without the representatives from CITES authori- illegal trade in cheetahs, with a focus tive bred cheetahs. effort and dedication of these breed- ties, the CITES Secretariat, enforce- on the supply of and demand for ille- ers, the species would be extinct. from CRAX, and they were placed in On October 26th, the first chick ment agencies from 13 Parties, the gal cheetahs, disposal of confiscated However, of the various challenges a breeding center built specially for hatched. It was a difficult and delicate Chair of the Animals Committee, live cheetahs, and enforcement. discussed by the workshop, clear The Brazilian Government elaborated them. Roberto Azeredo, from CRAX, process, as the chick needed an as- cheetah experts from international priority was placed on addressing and coordinates a National Action is the expert on breeding this species, sisted hatching. Lorenzo Crosta, an and non‑governmental organizations, These challenges were rou‑ the need for public awareness and Plan for the Conservation of the with a huge breeding success, and Italian vet specialized in birds and as well as the World Association of ghly categorized as: demand reduction (lack of basic alagoas curassow (Pauxi mitu), with currently caring for approximately consultant of Parque das Aves helped Zoos and Aquariums and Zoological knowledge); schemes to stop illegally the objective of securing permanent- 200 alagoas curassows. Once at with the assisted hatching. After Society of London. • a lack of basic knowledge traded Cheetah (enforcement); the ly the maintenance of the captive Parque das Aves, the birds adapted 2 days of intensive care, the chick is • a lack of public awareness and need need to improve international population, increasing the popula- quickly to their new environment, now recovered, stable and develop- for demand reduction cooperation and communication tion and reintroducing the species to where they are constantly monitored ing very well. • legislative challenges (information sharing/collaboration); the area of its historical occurrence. by the team. …urgently • the role of social media the need to improve enforcement With the increase of the captive This breeding success indicates that • a lack of capacity and resources (legislative challenges and capacity population, new breeding centers Only 68 days after the transfer, the the management is adequate and improving­ the • poor internal communication at a building tools) and collaboration on are being established. Parque das egg laying started. So far, 14 eggs that the couples are compatible. New national level the disposal of confiscated speci‑ Aves was invited to join the captive were laid, both fertile and infertile. hatchings are expected soon, and control of captive • poor international cooperation and mens (holding/rescue facilities). breeding program due to its experi- The couples are very active, and more Parque das Aves hopes that this way communication ence in breeding cracids, including eggs are expected to be laid during they can effectively help this fantastic breeding opera- • poverty and corruption threatened species of cracids. They the next two months. According to species to go back to the wild. • human‑cheetah conflict became the first zoo in the world to the Captive Breeding Program pro- tions… • fraudulent captive breeding have the species. In June, members tocols, every egg must be artificially • management of confiscated live of the Parque das Aves team fetched incubated, to stimulate new clutches specimens 10 couples of alagoas curassows and maximize the breeding success, • enforcement challenges which is vital for a species that is extinct in the wild. 32 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 33

Inês Seruya – Lisbon Zoo Decisions from Working Group to the Standing Com‑ mittee for consideration Five New Cheetah The Working Group invited the SC to adopt the following Decisions for Cubs in Lisbon Zoo transmission to the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

1. The Secretariat shall, pending the availability of external funding, commission the development of a CITES cheetah trade resource kit that compiles relevant information © ZSL and tools. This will be reviewed by Cheetah population the Standing Committee before distribution. ©Peter_Scheufler finalisation. Cheetah named Khayjay 2. The Secretariat shall submit a draft at Cheetah Conservation CITES cheetah trade resource kit Fund, Namibia. to the Standing Committee at its 69th or 70th meeting for its review and recommendations. 3. The Secretariat shall make the final version of the kit available in relevant languages and various forms. 4. The Secretariat shall report on the implementation of Decisions 16.a Recommendations to the and 16.b, at the 18th meeting of Standing Committee the Conference of the Parties.

Accordingly, the workshop developed 3. Range states of cheetahs and 4. Range, transit and destination Conclusion six recommendations and four Deci- countries involved in the illegal countries involved in the illegal sions for consideration by the Stand- trade chain are encouraged to: trade in live cheetahs are encour- Through its membership, WAZA ing Committee: a) Significantly increase national aged to collaborate on the dis- has the tools to increasing col- enforcement actions concerning posal of confiscated live cheetahs laboration with CITES. Population 1. Cheetah range States and Parties the illegal trade in cheetahs, and through the use of existing or management is crucial, but, it must © Carlos Nunes implicated by the illegal trade strengthen mutual cooperation. the establishment of national or be linked to Conservation. We need Cheetah cubs from Lisbon Zoo. in cheetahs are encouraged to b) Make use of existing opportuni- regional rescue centres, paying to not only preserve the species, but urgently develop and launch na- ties, or as appropriate, establish particular attention to maximizing actually make an effort to restore it tional public awareness campaigns mechanisms to ensure regular, the contribution of the specimens in the wild. The latest members of Lisbon Zoo’s The birth of these five cubs rep- aimed at changing behaviour to timely and effective communica- to conservation of the species in feline family are now being publicly resents once more a huge suc- reduce illegal offer of, and demand tion between these countries the wild. introduced, namely five cheetah cess for the Lisbon Zoo breeding for illegal cheetahs. regarding illegal trade in cheetahs. 5. The Secretariat will, subject to the cubs, one male and four females, project which has been developed 2. The CITES Secretariat shall engage c) Immediately bring information availability of funding, develop a which were born on July 21st. The and carried out by the institution with social media platforms and on poaching and illegal trade in webpage or mechanism on the …the need for small cubs, still unnamed, were specifically for its group of cheetahs. search engines to address illegal cheetahs, including parts and CITES Website for Parties, experts, sired by the male Aska and littered A multidisciplinary team designed trade in cheetah through these derivatives, to the attention of rel- NGOs and other stakeholders to public awareness by the female Dakartas. the species’ facilities with the spe- platforms, and raise awareness of evant authorities in source, transit exchange and share information in cific goal of breeding in considera- the conservation plight of chee- and destination countries for ap- a timely manner on cheetahs. and demand reduc- tion. The breeding project started tahs. propriate enforcement actions and 6. The Secretariat, in coopera- in 2010 and the park is now again follow‑up. tion with the World Customs tion; the need to having good results with this second d) Conduct joint operations be- Organization, will explore the remarkable birth. tween East Africa and the Middle establishment of a closed cheetah improve interna- East, targeting known or suspect- user group for relevant national ed smuggling routes. competent authorities in order tional cooperation to facilitate the exchange of non‑nominal information on illegal and communi- trade in cheetah specimens. cation… 34 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 35

Mats Niklasson – Nordens Ark, Hunnebostrand, Sweden Tigga Kingston – Chair IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group Ecopark Nordens Ark – Mauritius Fruit Bat Culls Promoting Local Biodiversity

© IUCN Conservation and Survey Workshop brought Zoos are increasingly involved in local Hay meadows were crucial for together government and NGO scientists to conservation projects. Such projects economy in the pre‑industrial agri- provide a foundation for an integrated national may range from saving an individual culture era and dominated much of strategy for sustainable P. niger populations. species to much broader approaches, the landscape. With annual mowing, often aiming at ecosystem levels. meadows became hotspots with high In some cases, local involvement floral diversity. The associated diver- becomes an integrated and impor- sity of birds and lower fauna (bees, tant part of the conservation work of wasps, beetles, butterflies, etc.) could a zoo. At Nordens Ark in Sweden, a be very high in these habitats. Today, landscape restoration project – the this is one of the most threatened ecopark – was initiated in 2011, with landscape types in Europe. In the an overarching goal to bring back and ecopark, we have re‑initiated mowing increase biodiversity in a landscape in a number of meadows, supported © Nordens Ark (our own estate) impoverished by by sowing and planting of meadow Spruce monocultures have been removed to conifer monocultures and intensive plants that we raised from local seeds restore semi‑natural grasslands with solitary oaks. agriculture. We wanted to improve in our plant nursery. biodiversity in general but also to provide habitat for organism groups In some forested parts of the ecopark, that are in fast decline regionally and we do not do anything at all. Allowing nationally. natural processes and (long) time will guarantee the gradual return to pri- A restoration project may have one meval conditions. In some cases, ac- or several reference situations to tive removal of invasive conifers can work towards. For a large part of the assist the natural process. Prescribed ecopark, we use a land use map from burning under controlled conditions 1697 as a reference point to restore is another nature‑emulating method grazed and mowed areas 3 km2 in with quick results. Certain attention is size. However, natural processes such given to wood‑living species that live © Nordens Ark © Jacques de Speville Mauritius fruit bat. as fire, wind and grazing are allowed, in old and dead trees, often decidu- Roadsides are mowed and hay meadows restored promoted, imitated or emulated in ous trees. We purposely ring‑bark to promote flowers, insects and birds. the restoration process. In addition, trees and place logs (faunal depots) in Following an adopted statement non‑government stakeholders, in- at the ministerial rather than depart- we monitor changes in birds, beetles many places over the ecopark as sub- at the 70th WAZA Annual Confer- cluding representatives from the Min- mental level. Moving forward, IUCN is and butterflies. The end of the inten- strate for lower fauna. On the more ence in Al Ain, WAZA supported the istry of Agro Industry and Food Secu- working to engage the government in sive restoration phase is 2016. innovative side, we do veteranisation, IUCN Species Survival Commission rity, National Parks and Conservation a long‑term strategy that integrates which means to artificially induce in responding to a controversial Service, Forestry Services, Food and improved population estimates and Restoring grassland is a main theme damages to trees in order to develop announcement of the cull of 20% Agriculture Research and Extension crop damage assessments, research of the ecopark. In 2011 and 2012, we microhabitats that normally only de- (18,000 individuals) of the threatened, Institute, University of Mauritius, on the demography, ecology, and removed almost 1 km2 of spruce velop in much older trees. Artificially endemic Mauritius fruit bat (Ptero‑ Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. Tigga ecosystem services provided by P. ni‑ monocultures and reintroduced made holes may be used by birds, pus niger) in October 2015. With the visited several lychee plantations ger, and, critically, works to overcome grazing with cattle. Grazing and small mammals, bats and later on generous financial support of several and bat colonies to assess sources the barriers to the uptake of the exist- browsing is a key process in restora- insects and fungi. We participate in a WAZA members, the IUCN SSC sent of error in figures used to justify the ing scheme for netting of fruit crops tion and is also a continuous theme trial implemented in three countries a delegation to Mauritius. It com- cull, and concluded her visit with a by growers, as this simple measure of our own history. With the onset of where five different treatments of prised Dr Tigga Kingston, the Bat two‑day multi‑stakeholder workshop has proven to be the most effective agriculture in Europe, much of the veteranisation (hollows, de‑barking Specialist Group Co‑Chair, and Dr Lu- and press conference. Despite explicit solution to the bat‑fruit grower con- effect of the formerly dominating and breaking branches) are evaluated thur Anukur, the Director for IUCN’s advocacy from the IUCN delegation flict in other parts of the world. large megafauna was taken over by in future. regional Eastern and Southern Africa and the international conservation domestic cattle and horses. Today, Office. The cull was a response to community, including a statement Thanks for financial support go to San land abandonment and loss of cattle perceived economic losses of lychee from WAZA, the cull was actually Diego Zoo Global, Zoo Landau, Zoos is rapidly changing the European crops to bat predation, and triggered extended beyond the planned end Victoria, Paignton Zoo, Ray Hole Ar- landscape and many grasslands are a reassessment of the Red List status date to meet the 18000 target. It was chitects, Zoological Society London, lost or deteriorate quickly. (Vulnerable) of the species. Between clear to the delegation that this was a Wildlife Reserves Singapore, Houston © Nordens Ark 9th and 13th November, Tigga and politically‑motivated decision, made Zoo. Floral restoration activities have strongly Luther met with key government and promoted several species of burnets. 36 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 37

Libby Callander – Wellington Zoo New “Meet The Locals Exhibit He Tuku Aroha” News Now Open at Wellington Zoo

Meet the Locals He Tuku Aroha is “We are a world class, award winning The final stage of Meet the Locals Wellington Zoo’s newest experience, Zoo, and the people of Wellington He Tuku Aroha is a walk‑through and tells Wellington Zoo’s love story should be proud of what we have Kea habitat. Kea are the world’s to Aotearoa New Zealand. Having achieved together,” says Karen. only alpine parrot and are renowned opened just a few weeks ago, it has “Meet the Locals He Tuku Aroha is for their intelligence and curiosity. already proven to be a hit with visi- unlike anything I’ve experienced in “Our experience is based around five tors. a Zoo before,” says General Man- voices woven throughout the space. ager Community Engagement Amy The storytelling leads the experience Celebrating native wildlife, domes- Hughes. and creates contexts for learning ticated locals and New Zealand’s and engagement. We have the Zoo amazing unique environment, “We’ve actually ended up building voice, which shares our conserva- Meet the Locals He Tuku Aroha four habitats in one precinct, which tion work, the animal voice which ex- houses a variety of animals including has kept us busy! We wanted each plores their distinctive traits, and we Kororā Little Blue Penguins, lambs, area to have a distinct look and have also interviewed community © Wellington Zoo Kunekune pigs, bees, eels, Grand feel, but for all of it to feel con- members and children so they can Kids check the coop for eggs. and Otago Skinks, Maud Island nected, just like the different parts express how they feel about living Frogs and Kea. “Meet the Locals of New Zealand connect together.” in our unique environment. The iwi He Tuku Aroha is a journey through “We start with a new home for our voice is represented by beautiful New Zealand, going from the coast Kororā Little Blue Penguins, and Pou Korero, designed by local artist to the farm through the bush and then move into our farm area with Ngataiharuru Taepa.” culminating in the mountains,” said sheep, Kunekune pigs, bees, rab- Karen Fifield Wellington Zoo’s Chief bits, chickens and eels. We’re also Meet the Locals He Tuku Aroha is Executive, “Meet the Locals He Tuku going to have gardens that visitors the crowning glory of the redevelop- Aroha is a celebration of our country, can help us plant and harvest. Our ment of Wellington Zoo. our animals and our people.” “We’ve Zoo team have all become bee crazy re‑opened a large part of the Zoo over the last couple of weeks and that visitors haven’t been able to we are excited to be sharing their access for some time, and we’re amazing stories with our visitors!” thrilled that we have done this with “We designed a whole area around …a journey through Meet the Locals He Tuku Aroha, regenerating bush in which we have which has been a labour of love for planted 4,000 native plants to at- New Zealand, our Zoo team.” “Meet the Locals He tract the native wildlife which live © Wellington Zoo Tuku Aroha is the final project of our in the Zoo environs. There’s also a going from the Kids can get up close to Kororā. ten year redevelopment plan, during load of nature play opportunities in which time we have rebuilt most the bush, including a ‘worm tunnel’, coast to the farm of the Zoo. The transformation to build your own bush fort and a slide, a new Zoo is not only physical, but which regular Zoo visitors have seen through the bush also experiential. Our innovative taking shape over the last couple of visitor experience, excellent animal months,” says Amy. and culminating in care, global and local conservation support and world leading sustain- the mountains… ability work have been the key ingredients to our success over the last ten years.” © Wellington Zoo Visitors checking out the Weta Hotel. 38 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 39

Colin Young – Vancouver Aquarium New Cybele Sabino Lisboa – Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, Brazil New Lab Sheds Light Exhibit Conservation Program News

on Life Below the Surface Project 15006 WAZA for Scinax alcatraz

From land, it’s easy to look at the ocean as all one entity, but under the surface there are many different eco- systems at play. A new educational space in the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre gives B.C. students a chance to get hands‑on exposure to our distinct underwater environments. The recently opened Betsy and Winslow Bennett Learning Lab features three interactive marine exhibits where students can observe how species interact in different aquatic ecosystems. © Cybele Lisboa The tree frog Scinax alcatraz. “A lot of the time people see the ocean as a big, flat expanse – almost like a highway,” says Colin Young, manager © Renata Vaz of school programs for the Vancouver Maintaining the tree frog Scinax alcatraz at São Paulo Zoo. Aquarium. “But there’s a lot going on under the surface; it’s not a highway at all, it’s a forest.” Allowing students to touch animals that are often out of Scinax alcatraz is a Critically Endan- creation of the National Marine Park sight from our land‑based vantage fa- gered tree frog, endemic to the small of the Archipelago of Alcatrazes); cilitates a better understanding of our Alcatrazes Island (135 ha), located off environmental education; scientific coastal environments, adds Young. the coast of the state of São Paulo, investigations (monitoring of natural And that understanding ultimately Brazil. Due to its limited natural range, resources, climate and conservation leads to better care for underwa- this species is susceptible to threats both in situ and ex situ of threatened ter ecosystems. In the new wetlab, that can easily decimate the popula- species); and conflicts (agreement students will get a chance to see a tion, such as natural disasters or the with the navy to minimise the effects living eel grass garden, complete with introduction of new diseases. Moreo- of target practice on endangered spe- green sea urchins, sea stars, sea cu- © Vancouver Aquarium ver, the use of the island as an artillery cies and the environment). cumbers and other animals, while the View of the new wetland lab target by the Brazilian navy can easily rocky outcropping exhibit is home to destroy the habitat of this species, as As one of the actions of the plan, São hermit crabs, sea anemones, juvenile © Vancouver Aquarium has already happened in the past. Paulo Zoo has implemented the rockfish and more. The sandy bottom The Betsy and Winslow Bennett Learning Conservation Program for Scinax environment contains species such as Lab lets students get hands‑on experience For this reason, S. alcatraz is one alcatraz, focused on establishing a sand dollars, clams and nudibranchs. with life under the ocean’s surface. of the species contemplated by captive population viable for rein- the National Conservation Plan for troduction, if necessary. In 2008, the Each ecosystem is carefully curated inclusive of students who face lan- the Endangered Island’s Herpeto- project began with the use of Scinax to apply to B.C. school curricula from guage barriers. Meanwhile a prepa- fauna, coordinated by Instituto Chico perpusillus, a species with similar Kindergarten through Grade 12, said ration station at the rear of the lab Mendes (ICMBio). The objective habits but common in the wild, to Young, while exhibits have been allows Aquarium staff to demonstrate of this plan is to establish ways to develop captive breeding and mainte- designed to ensure accessibility how they prepare food for the Aquar- protect and recover the environment, nance techniques to be applied to the for all students, including younger ium’s larger marine species. Also new looking to reversing the threats to endangered species. The technique children and those using mobility for the Aquarium, the wetlab is fitted the endemic reptiles and amphibians developed was effective and in 2011 aids. Throughout the space, murals with the technology necessary to of- of the archipelago of Alcatrazes and the founders of S. alcatraz were col- depict aquatic ecosystems common fer virtual learning programs, so kids Queimada Grande islands. With gov- lected and transferred to an isolated at greater depths and the impact of across the province – or the country – ernmental and non-governmental in- laboratory at São Paulo Zoo; the pollution on marine life. By relying on can access the Aquarium’s education- stitutions involved, the conservation animals bred within a few months. An imagery rather than text, students al programming, which is available in strategies of this plan highlight four ex situ population is being maintained get an interactive experience that is English and French. lines of action: public policy (surveil- since then, with successful reproduc- © Vancouver Aquarium lance, reclassification and implemen- tion and low mortality. Interactive murals allow students to see tation of conservation units, with the how marine life is part of our food system. 40 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 41

Guillermo Cubillos Torres – Zoológico Nacional de Chile, Santiago, Chile Paula Gonzalez Ciccia – Temaikèn Foundation, Argentina Conservation Program Maned Wolf Conservation Project Project 15007 WAZA

for Darwin’s Frog Project 15009 WAZA The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyu‑ rus) is classified as a Near Threatened wild canid by IUCN and is listed as Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) Critically Endangered by the Argen- is an endangered native amphib- tinean Society for Mammal Research ian species known worldwide for its (SAREM). Major threats are road kills, particular reproductive strategy. This habitat modification, transmission project is part of WAZA’s “The Year of of diseases from domestic dogs and the Frog” campaign to address the persecution as a livestock predator. global decline in this group of animals. Most people do not know the spe- A breeding station for this species cies but kill the animal because they was built at the National Zoo in 2008; believe it could be dangerous to or in early 2009, the first individuals attack cattle. were incorporated into the repro- duction centre. Captive breeding is Temaikèn Foundation has been in- seen as an important tool to recover volved in a maned wolf conservation populations of endangered species, project in Córdoba province, in the especially amphibians that are facing north-centre of Argentina, since 2009. a systematic population decline. The project’s vision consists of ensur- © Temaikèn Foundation ing the presence of the species in its Release of maned wolf back to the wild. Flagship species within the 57 spe- habitat, and therefore being respect- cies of amphibians that inhabit Chile © Guillermo Cubillos ed and appreciated as an emblem of In 2014, the National Wildlife Direc- the significance they have in a small were considered for this project. The Darwin’s frog. our territory by present and future tion and the Environmental Secretary population but also as the community first is undoubtedly the most charis- communities. The goals of the project of Córdoba transferred three maned is committed and people have been matic – Darwin’s frog. Darwin’s frog are to rescue and rehabilitate animals wolves to the rehabilitation centre. following each step of the recovery. is an endemic species of the temper- and return them to their natural One of them, an adult female, was On the other hand, landowners are ate rainforest of Chile and Argentina. © Dante Fenolio environment and to preserve the wild rehabilitated and 6 months later being included in the conservation It has the distinction of being one of Breeding station for population in Córdoba through field released in the Ibera protected area, project, which gathers valuable infor- the few species of frogs that per- Darwin’s frog. research and working with the com- Corrientes. The other two were only a mation about people’s perceptions forms parental care, which makes munity. To accomplish this, we are few months old when they arrived at and the species’ status. These data Darwin’s frog a rare species among employing different strategies: We Temaikèn Foundation. Both, a female are crucial to design and implement amphibians. This care consists of the established a maned wolf rehabilita- and a male, had different patholo- different conservation strategies. male housing the fertilised eggs in his tion centre in Buenos Aires province, gies. For that reason, the rehabilita- vocal sac, spitting them out once they close to Temaikèn Biopark. We are tion process was longer. In addition, Through this project we contribute to have fully developed. The abundance doing an assessment of the species’ we had to ensure that they were maned wolf conservation by recov- of this species has declined over the status in the region using camera prepared to feed by themselves and ering animals and decreasing the past 20 years, especially in its north- traps. In order to decrease anthropo- survive in the wild. The rehabilitation effects of human activities that are ern distribution. There also has been The National Zoo is working with The study will generate enough data genic effects, we have developed an process took a year while we contin- affecting the survival of this species, work done in searching for the other the San Antonio Zoo (USA), creating to propose a management plan evaluation of social perception and ued our work with the local commu- through education and community species of the same genus, Rhinoder‑ the first Center for Reproduction of for these species and also recom- valuation in terms of knowledge and nity, rangers and doing research in work in the province where this canid ma rufum, which it is believed to have Endangered Chilean Amphibians in mendations for future monitoring attitudes, an environmental educa- the field to determine the best place was presumed extinct years ago. gone extinct, since there have been Santiago, Chile. The San Antonio Zoo of populations. This will assess their tion programme and regional conser- for release. Local villagers chose the Reintroductions and what people can no sightings in the last 20 years. collaborates by training staff and do- current conservation problem and vation and education workshops. The maned wolves’ names, Ansenuza and observe with the monitoring of these nating equipment for the centre. This provide essential information for educational activities have reached Chipión, in commemoration of their animals are powerful keys to com- is intended to contribute to the con- making decisions about the future of more than 2,500 locals. culture. municate the conservation message. servation of these species, providing Darwin’s frog. Educational activities stimulate con- …one of the few ex situ breeding and in situ research. In October 2015, Ansenuza and Chip- servation action, integrating children This will be achieved by making cap- ión were ready to go back to nature. and adults in different strategies of species of frogs tures of individuals for captive breed- They are now living in their habitat the project. The project planning con- ing and diagnosis of chytrid fungus, and thanks to the collaboration of siders the community’s needs and the that performs­ one of the main causes of the decline a private donor, Zoo Conservation relationship between landowners and in amphibians worldwide. Outreach Group (ZCOG) and Telonics, the environment, in order to engage parental care… both animals were fitted with satel- them in management and conserva- lite tracking collars. These animals tion. Temaikèn Foundation remains are very important not only because committed to protect this Latin American unique species of canid. 42 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 43

Tiit Maran – Tallinn Zoo, Estonia Markus Gusset – WAZA Executive Office The European Mink – There is Light Update on International

Project 05040 WAZA at the End of the Tunnel Studbooks

There are currently 131 active inter-

Update on On a rainy June morning, some European mink conservation in thing? We were doing research, both national studbooks (ISBs), including 15 years ago, three men in wet field Estonia has a long history. The story ex situ and in situ, to be sure. Should 162 species or sub-species (nine ISBs outfits were walking along the bank started in 1986 when the first wild we be the only leaders in European cover more than one taxon). The of a small stream flowing out from European mink was brought to Tal- mink conservation? Of course not, so following events regarding ISBs have Tihu Lake, in the centre of Hiiumaa linn Zoo. And it found its right path we disseminated our experience to occurred since 1 October 2015: Island (1000 km2) in Estonia. The men in 1992 when the European mink anybody interested. carried, in both hands, cages with breeding programme (EEP) was European minks born in the Species established. There have always been Despite all of this, only a few minks ISBs archived Conservation Research Lab at Tallinn two lines in this story, the ex situ and were born in the wild and their overall Zoo. In an area where water from a the in situ. Like in every good story, population remained too low. The © Tiit Maran, Tallinn zoo • None. small ditch joining the main current the storylines, although seemingly number of minks grew slowly – way European mink on Hiiumaa Island. formed a tiny sandy plateau, the separate, are part of the one whole. too slowly and the wild population © Tiit Maran, Tallinn zoo ISBs established cages were opened and the minks Fifteen years ago, the story reached was not self-sustaining. This was had an opportunity to leave. I was its first important milestone – the extremely frustrating after all these • None. one of these three men in a wet regular management of a captive years of intensive work. Change field outfit and released a male mink population of 100 minks at Tallinn came in 2014. In fact, it was already Transfer of ISBs to new nicknamed Vivaldi. Looking at Vivaldi, Zoo gave the opportunity to release heralded by a 2013 radio-tracking keepers which was making his very first steps the first captive-born minks, includ- study: the survival of released minks out into this unfamiliar world, I found ing our Vivaldi, to the wild on Hiiumaa was remarkably high – around 70% • None. myself thinking: “Such a tiny shy step Island. This was preceded by the of survival against earlier 30% or less. for Vivaldi, but what an important eradication of the American mink Then, the 2014 monitoring data told Transfer of ISBs to new move for his species.” Then I thought: there. us that the number of minks on the institutions “Will it really be a success story and island had leapt up. More impor- will we manage to establish a secure Since then the story has been pro- tantly, at least half of the monitored • None. European mink population on this ceeding like a mountain path – ups minks were wild-born islanders. The island?” I was not sure. and downs in every curve. Small tracks of minks found in almost every Pending issues carnivores have a complicated life stream were even more encourag- Think about the European mink as in the wild, with dangers looming in ing. Still, we were afraid that it might • As of 31 December 2015, ISBs for of a small beauty and guardian of every corner, resulting in a very high be just a lucky year and could take the black-faced impala (Aepyceros small streams and rivers. The large mortality, which is even higher for re- a turn to the worse the next year. melampus petersi), Cabot’s tragopan cannot exist without the small, but leased and naïve captive-born minks. Thankfully this was not the case. (Tragopan caboti), Mauritius pink small rivers and their folk remain We were doing anything possible to In 2015, minks were found almost pigeon (Columba mayeri) and white inconspicuous and their great value is achieve success against all odds. In everywhere, even in the most remote rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) often overlooked. Yet, the streams in some 15 years we were releasing or unlikely streams, like a stream are vacant. nature are like blood capillaries in our more than 500 minks on Hiiumaa flowing through the largest village body – tiny but more important than Island and attempted all imaginable Kärdla, with buildings on both banks. we think. Today, the European mink methods to decrease the annoyingly The good health of the established is the most critically endangered high mortality. We wanted to be sure population was further evidenced small carnivore in the world. In Eu- that our monitoring gave us the right by few cases of minks entering into rope, it is no doubt one of the most data, so we advanced the ways to farms and killing hens – it was like in Some 30 years have passed since this came in 2015 from the Steinhuder endangered mammals. The demise measure our results in the most reli- the old days when minks were com- European mink story started and now See (Lower-Saxony in Germany) started long ago with habitat loss and able way. We knew that in the long- mon in Estonia. finally there is a wild population away European mink restoration project. overhunting. Later, the invasion of term the survival of the mink on the from the deadly impact of Ameri- This six-year mink release project alien American minks from intensive island depended upon the attitudes can minks on Hiiumaa Island – one reached a remarkable milestone, fur farms into European river basins of islanders, so we worked hard on guarantee against the extinction of with a trail camera catching a pic- put our stream-dwelling native mink securing positive attitudes. Thinking this species. Things are even bet- ture of a female mink with young, everywhere into imminent threat of of mink, think of running water – ter: Tallinn Zoo and Estonia are not the first wild-born European mink extinction. we collaborated with government the lone riders in European mink in Germany in over 150 years. So, institutions to find ways to improve conservation anymore. Other stories my dearest Vivaldi, there seems the running water ecosystems. Do are developing on their own in Spain to be light at the end of the tunnel we know that we are doing the right and Germany. Even more good news for you and your kind… 44 WAZA 1/16 WAZA 1/16 III

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WAZA Membership as of 31st January 2016 71st WAZA Annual Conference and Technical Congress 2016 will take place in Puebla, Mexico, 9–13 October 2016. The conference Associations 22 will take place in the Complejo Cultural Universitario (Benemérita Institutions 282 Universidad Autónoma de Puebla). For registration and accommodation Affiliates 16 booking please visit the WAZA website. Corporates 16 Life and Honorary members 112 A fun and educational Early Bird Registration is open until 31 May 2016. free App The general theme of the conference is packed full of useful People and Conservation: Zoos and Aquariums as Agents of Change. New WAZA Members information

• Zoo Boise | USA | with links to social Call for Papers as institutional member media for global impact. • Contributions are sought on zoo and aquarium wildlife conservation, education and advocacy programs/activities which target and New Directors engage people and communities. • The main threats to biodiversity are humans and human practices; • Thomas Wilms has been Test new and we won’t reverse species and habitat decline without directly appointed Director at Allwetter- Discover targeting humans and human behavioural change. zoo Münster | Germany knowledge in 400 different • This was a major recommendation of WAZA’s strategy Committing • Stéphanie Bosc has been biodiversity to Conservation (2015). So as zoos and aquariums how are we appointed acting Director at Parc animal species games progressing this and what more can we learn about it? Zoologique de Lille | France • Carmen Lanuza has been Deadline for submission: 31 May 2016, please use the form appointed Director provided on the WAZA website. at Barcelona Zoo | Spain Discover how • Kevin Keen has been appointed Be inspired with Zoos and interim CEO at Durrell Wildlife Conservation | UK a new action Aquariums • Bridget C. Coughlin has been everyday are conserving Future WAZA Conference Venues appointed as President & CEO at biodiversity Shedd Aquarium | USA • 2016: Africam Safari, Puebla, Mexico | 9–13 Oct 2016 • John Frawley has been appointed • 2017: Barcelona, Spain | 15–19 Oct 2017 Director at Minnesota Zoological facebook.com/BioDiversityIsUs • 2018: Bangkok, Thailand | 21–25 Oct 2018 Garden | USA facebook.com/BioDiversityIsUstwitter.com/BioDivUs • 2019: Buenos Aires, Argentina | 3–7 Nov 2019 twitter.com/BioDivUsinstagram.com/BioDiversityIsUs 1/16 February 2016

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