Table of Contents ...... i List of Figures ...... vi Executive summary ...... 1 1 Introduction to micromobility ...... 3 1.1 Introduction ...... 3 1.1.1 Passenger cars in use by region ...... 5 1.1.2 New passenger car registration trends ...... 6 1.1.3 Bicycle and scooter usage ...... 9 1.1.4 Shared mobility services ...... 13 1.2 Market trends ...... 15 1.2.1 Peak car use and car ownership ...... 15 1.2.2 The sharing economy ...... 15 1.3 Overview of micromobility services ...... 16 1.3.1 Bikesharing services ...... 17 1.3.2 Scootersharing services ...... 18 1.3.3 Operational models ...... 20 1.4 Micromobility services worldwide ...... 21 1.4.1 Micromobility in Europe ...... 22 1.4.2 Micromobility in North America ...... 23 1.4.3 Micromobility in Asia-Pacific...... 24 1.4.4 Overview of micromobility service providers ...... 26 1.4.5 Business models ...... 30 1.5 Micromobility telematics infrastructure ...... 32 1.5.1 Vehicle segment ...... 34 1.5.2 Tracking segment ...... 35 1.5.3 Network segment ...... 36 1.5.4 Service segment ...... 38 2 Market forecasts and trends ...... 39

STRATEGICM2M RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES i INDEX THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET

2.1 Bikesharing market forecasts ...... 40 2.1.1 Bikesharing in Europe ...... 42 2.1.2 Bikesharing in North America ...... 43 2.1.3 Bikesharing in Rest of World ...... 45 2.1.4 Bikesharing technology vendor market shares ...... 46 2.2 Scootersharing market forecasts ...... 48 2.2.1 Scootersharing in Europe ...... 50 2.2.2 Scootersharing in North America ...... 51 2.2.3 Scootersharing in Rest of World ...... 52 2.2.4 Scootersharing service providers ...... 53 2.3 Regulatory environment ...... 55 2.4 Market trends and industry observations ...... 61 2.4.1 Micromobility is becoming increasingly integrated with other mobility services 61 2.4.2 Micromobility and public transport ecosystems to converge ...... 62 2.4.3 Cities will embrace various types of micromobility ...... 62 2.4.4 Micromobility operators to develop and use more ruggedized vehicles ...... 62 2.4.5 Scooter manufacturers add embedded telematics ...... 63 2.4.6 Telecoms industry players bet on micromobility services ...... 65 2.4.7 Micromobility becomes a popular means to reduce corporate mobility costs .. 65 2.4.8 New players appear in the micromobility value chain ...... 65 2.4.9 Pace of M&A activity increases as the market reaches a consolidation phase .. 66 3 Micromobility operators ...... 69 3.1 Specialist micromobility operators ...... 70 3.1.1 Blinkee.city ...... 71 3.1.2 CityBee ...... 71 3.1.3 Grow (Grin and Yellow) ...... 72 3.1.4 Helbiz ...... 72 3.1.5 Hive (FREE NOW) ...... 73 3.1.6 JUMP (Uber) ...... 74 3.1.7 Lime ...... 76 3.1.8 Ojo (Last Mile Holdings) ...... 78 3.1.9 Poppy ...... 79

ii M2MSTRATEGIC RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET INDEX

3.1.10 Scoot Networks (Bird) ...... 80 3.1.11 Yulu ...... 80 3.2 Specialist bikesharing operators ...... 81 3.2.1 Anywheel ...... 83 3.2.2 Bond Mobility ...... 83 3.2.3 Call a Bike by DB Connect ...... 84 3.2.4 Clear Channel ...... 84 3.2.5 CycleHop (HOPR) ...... 85 3.2.6 Docomo Cycle ...... 86 3.2.7 Donkey Republic ...... 87 3.2.8 Freebike ...... 89 3.2.9 Hello Global (Hellobike) ...... 90 3.2.10 JCDecaux (Cyclocity) ...... 91 3.2.11 Meituan Bike (Mobike) ...... 93 3.2.12 Motivate (Lyft) ...... 96 3.2.13 Nextbike...... 97 3.2.14 Ofo ...... 98 3.2.15 SG Bike...... 99 3.2.16 Tembici ...... 99 3.2.17 VBikes ...... 100 3.2.18 Zagster ...... 100 3.3 Specialist scootersharing operators ...... 101 3.3.1 Acciona ...... 104 3.3.2 Bird ...... 105 3.3.3 Blue Duck ...... 107 3.3.4 Bounce ...... 107 3.3.5 Cityscoot ...... 108 3.3.6 Coup ...... 109 3.3.7 Dott ...... 109 3.3.8 ECooltra ...... 110 3.3.9 Emmy ...... 111 3.3.10 Felyx ...... 112

STRATEGICM2M RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES iii INDEX THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET

3.3.11 Muving ...... 112 3.3.12 Revel ...... 113 3.3.13 Scooty (Europcar) ...... 113 3.3.14 Skip...... 114 3.3.15 Spin ...... 115 3.3.16 Tier Mobility ...... 116 3.3.17 Vogo ...... 117 3.3.18 Voi Technology ...... 118 4 Technology vendors ...... 121 4.1 Specialist bikesharing technology vendors...... 122 4.1.1 Bewegen Technologies ...... 123 4.1.2 Conneqtech ...... 124 4.1.3 DropBike (Drop Mobility) ...... 125 4.1.4 Omni intelligent Technology ...... 126 4.1.5 PBSC Urban Solutions ...... 126 4.1.6 Sitael ...... 128 4.1.7 Smoove ...... 129 4.1.8 SoftTech Interactive Solutions (Mobilock) ...... 131 4.1.9 Youon Bike Technologies ...... 132 4.2 Micromobility telematics solution vendors ...... 133 4.2.1 COMODULE ...... 134 4.2.2 E-motionlabs ...... 135 4.2.3 INVERS ...... 136 4.2.4 Luna ...... 138 4.2.5 Octo Telematics ...... 139 4.2.6 Queclink Wireless Solutions ...... 141 4.2.7 SharingOS ...... 141 4.2.8 Teltonika ...... 142 4.2.9 Tracefy ...... 143 4.2.10 Vulog ...... 144 4.3 Micromobility software platform vendors ...... 146 4.3.1 ElectricFeel ...... 147

iv M2MSTRATEGIC RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET INDEX

4.3.2 Joyride Technologies ...... 147 4.3.3 Samokato ...... 148 4.3.4 Sensefields ...... 149 4.3.5 Spring ...... 149 4.3.6 Urban Sharing ...... 150 4.3.7 Wunder Mobility ...... 151 Glossary ...... 155

STRATEGICM2M RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES v INDEX THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET

Index List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Car parc by region (World 2011–2017) ...... 4 Figure 1.2: Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants (EU28 2017) ...... 6 Figure 1.3: New car registration data (World 2011–2018) ...... 7 Figure 1.4: Top 10 countries by new passenger car and light truck registrations (2018) ...... 8 Figure 1.5: Bike market data (EU28+2 2018)...... 10 Figure 1.6: Bike market data (North America 2018) ...... 11 Figure 1.7: Top 10 countries by new motorcycle and moped registrations (2018) ...... 12 Figure 1.8: Example of bicycle design used in bikesharing schemes ...... 17 Figure 1.9: Examples of vehicles used in scootersharing services ...... 19 Figure 1.10: Bike and scootersharing fleet size and availability (World 2015–2019) ...... 21 Figure 1.11: Micromobility service providers by industry background (2019) ...... 27 Figure 1.12: Micromobility telematics system overview ...... 33 Figure 1.13: On-board computer and QR code reader ...... 34 Figure 2.1: Shared micromobility fleet by service (World 2018–2024) ...... 39 Figure 2.2: Bikesharing fleet by operational model (World 2018–2024) ...... 41 Figure 2.3: Bikesharing stations by region (World 2018–2024) ...... 42 Figure 2.4: Bikesharing fleet and stations (Europe 2018–2024)...... 43 Figure 2.5: Bikesharing fleet and stations (North America 2018–2024) ...... 44 Figure 2.6: Bikesharing fleet and stations (ROW 2018–2024) ...... 46 Figure 2.7: Leading bikesharing technology vendors (World Q4-2019) ...... 47 Figure 2.8: Scootersharing fleet by vehicle type (World 2018–2024) ...... 49 Figure 2.9: Scootersharing fleet by vehicle type (Europe 2018–2024) ...... 50 Figure 2.10: Scootersharing fleet by vehicle type (North America 2018–2024) ...... 51 Figure 2.11: Scootersharing fleet by vehicle type (ROW 2018–2024) ...... 52 Figure 2.12: Leading stand-up scootersharing providers (World Q4-2019) ...... 53 Figure 2.13: Leading traditional scootersharing operators (World Q4-2019) ...... 54 Figure 2.14: Overview of scooter manufacturers (2019) ...... 64 Figure 2.15: Mergers and acquisitions in the micromobility ecosystem (2016–2020) ...... 67 Figure 3.1: Micromobility service providers (World Q4-2019) ...... 70

vi M2MSTRATEGIC RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET INDEX

Figure 3.2: JUMP electric pedal-assisted bike ...... 75 Figure 3.3: Ojo’s custom-engineered scooter ...... 78 Figure 3.4: Bikesharing service providers (World Q4-2019) ...... 82 Figure 3.5: JCDecaux station in Lyon with an adjacent digital display ...... 92 Figure 3.6: Mobike Classic ...... 95 Figure 3.7: Scootersharing service providers (World Q4-2019) ...... 102 Figure 3.8: Cityscoot scooter ...... 108 Figure 3.9: Skip S3 scooter ...... 114 Figure 4.1: Micromobility technology vendors (2019) ...... 121 Figure 4.2: Overview of specialist bikesharing technology vendors (2019) ...... 123 Figure 4.3: Bikesharing station from PBSC Urban Solutions ...... 128 Figure 4.4: Mobilock hardware ...... 131 Figure 4.5: Overview of micromobility telematics system vendors (2019) ...... 134 Figure 4.6: Scootersharing telematics device from INVERS ...... 137 Figure 4.7: In-vehicle hardware from Vulog ...... 144 Figure 4.8: Overview of micromobility platform vendors (2019) ...... 146 Figure 4.9: Urban Sharing’s micromobility platform ...... 151 Figure 4.10: Wunder Fleet’s fleet management dashboard ...... 153

STRATEGICM2M RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES vii INDEX THE BIKE AND SCOOTERSHARING TELEMATICS MARKET

viii M2MSTRATEGIC RESEARCH RESEARCH SERIES SERIES