DOCSLIB.ORG

SCIENCE CHINA Effects of Tide-Surge Interactions on Storm Surges Along

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SCIENCE CHINA Effects of Tide-Surge Interactions on Storm Surges Along SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences • RESEARCH PAPER • doi: 10.1007/s11430-015-5251-y Effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea XU JunLi1, ZHANG YuHong2, CAO AnZhou1, LIU Qiang2* & LV XianQing1 1 Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; 2 College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China Received August 27, 2015; accepted November 17, 2015 Abstract A two-dimensional coupled tide-surge model was used to investigate the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. In order to estimate the impacts of tide-surge interactions on storm surge elevations, Typhoon 7203 was assumed to arrive at 12 different times, with all other conditions remaining constant. This allowed simulation of tide and total water levels for 12 separate cases. Numerical simulation results for Yingkou, Huludao, Shijiusuo, and Lianyungang tidal stations were analyzed. Model results showed wide variations in storm surge elevations across the 12 cases. The largest difference between 12 extreme storm surge elevation values was of up to 58 cm and occurred at Yingkou tidal station. The results indicate that the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surge elevations are very significant. It is therefore essential that these are taken into account when predicting storm surge elevations. Keywords Storm surges, Astronomical tides, Tide-surge interactions, Typhoon 7203, Coupled tide-surge model Citation: Xu J L, Zhang Y H, Cao A Z, Liu Q, Lv X Q. 2016. Effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. Sci China Earth Sci, doi: 10.1007/s11430-015-5251-y 1. Introduction agement and engineering planning (Olbert et al., 2013). Typhoons can bring about significant storm surges in coastal regions (Zhang et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015), such People in coastal areas can be affected by storm surges, as storm surges. To improve coastal storm surge forecasting, with these being abnormal increases or decreases in sea Peng et al. (2006) constructed a four-dimensional variation- level induced by typhoons and atmospheric pressure dis- al data assimilation algorithm using a tangent linear model turbances (You and Seo, 2009; Yang et al., 2014). Storm and an adjoint model of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). surges can be positive or negative. A positive storm surge Peng et al. (2007) and Li et al. (2013) used this adjoint op- can result in significant loss of life and property damage, for timal technique to adjust initial conditions, boundary condi- example through the destruction of coastal infrastructure tions, and the wind stress drag coefficient in the POM. Yin (Lin et al., 2012; Olbert et al., 2013; Haigh et al., 2014). et al. (2009) simulated five typhoon storm surges in the East Negative surges (Pousa et al., 2013) mainly jeopardise mar- China Sea using a coupled model and suggested that a storm itime safety and coastal engineering structures. It is vitally surge-wave coupled model should be used for storm surge important to study storm surges along the coast, as results prediction. can provide useful information for risk-based flood man- Storm surges can be aggravated if coinciding with a high spring tide or with a low neap tide (Maspataud et al., 2013; *Corresponding author (email: [email protected]) Olbert et al., 2013). In recent years, researchers have ex- © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 earth.scichina.com link.springer.com 2 Xu J L, et al. Sci China Earth Sci January (2016) Vol.59 No.? plored the interactions between storm surges and astronom- vuvvvu 22tan kvuv2 ical tides in certain coastal areas using different methods. fuA v ta R R h Zhang et al. (2007) utilised the two-way nested coupled 22 tide-surge model to study the combined effects of storm g1 P CWdy W x W y aa 0 , (3) surges and astronomical tides in the Taiwan Strait. Simula- RR h tion results indicated that the influence of astronomical tides ww on storm surges should be taken into account in prediction where t is time; and are east longitude and north latitude, models. Park et al. (2012) analysed the effects of water respectively; h is depth of undisturbed water; is sea sur- depth and astronomical tides on storm surges using the cou- face elevation, relative to the undisturbed level; h+ is total pled numerical model PBL-ADCIRC. Results confirmed water depth; u and v are the east and north components of that the coupling of storm surges and tides is an essential consideration in coastal areas with shallow water depth and the current, respectively; is the adjusted height of equi- large tides. Antony et al. (2013) examined the dependency librium tides; R is the radius of the earth and a=Rcos; of surge maxima on tide magnitudes and phases, quantify- f=2sin is the Coriolis parameter (here, is the angular ing their interaction along the east coast of India and the speed of the Earth’s rotation); k is the bottom friction coef- head of the Bay of Bengal. They found that the strength of ficient; A is the horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient; is interaction tended to increase northward when tidal ranges the Laplace operator and uv,, a11 a uv and surge heights increased. Kong (2014) calculated and analysed 57 cases of Typhoon 7203 to study the impact of 1 R cos uv , ; g is gravitational acceleration; Pa tidal waves on storm surges in the north of Liaodong Bay, 3 using DHI Mike21. is atmospheric pressure on the sea surface; w=1025 kg m 3 However, little attention has been paid to the impacts of is seawater density; a=1.27 kg m is air density, and Wx tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coasts of and Wy are the x and y components of the surface wind field. the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea, all of which In this paper, the wind-stress coefficient Cd was calculated are vulnerable to such phenomena. In the present paper, we on the basis of wind velocity U10 measured at 10 m above investigate the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm mean sea surface (Wu, 1982): surge elevations during Typhoon 7203 using a two-dimen- 3 sional coupled tide-surge model. Eight principal constitu- CUd 0.8 0.065 10 10 . (4) ents (M2, S2, K1, O1, N2, K2, P1, and Q1) were introduced into the numerical model through open boundary conditions 2.2 Initial conditions and boundary conditions and tidal potentials. Meteorological driving forces that gen- erate storm surges were provided by the wind forcing mod- In the present coupled model, initial values of current ve- ule and pressure field. locity and surface elevation were calculated using the tidal model. Along closed boundaries, it was assumed that no water would be allowed to flow to the coast; that is, the 2. Coupled tide-surge model normal component of the current would be zero. This can be expressed as un 0 , where uuv , is the current The coupled tide-surge model is based on a depth-averaged two-dimensional flow model. This section describes the vector and n is the outward unit vector. model framework in detail. The main areas of research for this study were the Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea. Suppose that there is a cur- rent with a speed of 0.5 m s1 at the open boundary point 2.1 Basic equations (130.9°E, 33.8°N). It will take 24 days for the current to The governing equations used in the two-dimensional flow arrive at the LianYunGang tidal station (119.45°E, 34.75°N). model are composed of depth-averaged equations of conti- However, the simulation time of the typhoon is only three nuity and momentum. days. In this case, the open boundary conditions of the storm surge are negligible. The present open boundary con- 11hu hv cos ditions are therefore determined as sea-surface elevations 0 , (1) ta a caused by tides, as follows: J 22 uuuvuuv tan kuuv f jjHtuvgcos j j j j, (5) fvA u j1 ta R R h where H and g are the amplitude and phase-lag of the jth 22 j j g1 P CWdx W x W y aa 0 , (2) tidal constituent, respectively; j is angular speed; vj is aaww h the initial phase angle; fj is the nodal factor; and uj is the Xu J L, et al. Sci China Earth Sci January (2016) Vol.59 No.? 3 nodal angle. transition between the two wind fields. The pressure field for the tropical storm (Jelesnianski, 2.3 Wind forcing module 1965) is determined as follows: 3 Meteorological driving forces that generate storm surges are 1 r P00 PP , rR mainly composed of surface wind stress and pressure gra- 4 R Pa , (11) dient forces (Zhang et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2012). It is 3 R P PP, rR therefore critical for tropical storm simulations to determine 0 4 r surface wind and pressure fields. Compared with the impact of a pure tropical storm, that where Pa is the sea surface pressure at r; P0 is the pressure of the background wind field on a storm surge is probably at the storm centre; and P is ambient pressure and is here weaker; however, it should not be neglected (Wen et al., assumed to be equal to 1020 hPa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'State Visit-Plus' for Trump in China
    BEIJING Your Beijing Bible • Insightful and interactive – real voices from the capital’s expat community • Issues, life and style • Culture, eating, nightlife and more Metro Beijing appears in the English edition of the Global Times here in Beijing, Monday to Friday. Nation InDepth Life Business Path out Common Plunder Dandong of poverty destiny & rescue angry at US 6 12-13 20 sanctions B1 www.globaltimes.com.cn VOLUME 9 • NO. 2432 • TUESDAY NOVEMBER 7, 2017 PRICE 2 YUAN Vigil for the victims A candlelight vigil is observed on Sunday following the mass shooting at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, that left 26 people dead (see stories on pages 3 and 10). Photo: AFP Chinese public keenly follows Asia trip Beidou navigation system to ‘outperform GPS by 2020’ ‘State visit-plus’ for dou Navigation Satellite Sys- By Liu Yang in Xichang and Zhang Hui in Beijing tem. Beidou will lead the world China used a single carrier and outperform the GPS sys- Trump in China rocket Sunday night to launch tem by around 2020 when two state-of-the-art satellites Beidou goes global, into space, marking the global Chinese space ex- 2 network expansion of its Bei- perts said. Global By Li Ruohan first foreign head of state to vis- communication on significant it China after the 19th National issues of common concern to Amid tremendous public curi- Congress of the Communist build a new consensus, en- osity over the visit of US Presi- Party of China. hance mutual understanding Inside dent Donald Trump, China is China and the US are and friendship, and promote pulling out all the stops in its working to ensure President bilateral relations in all spheres, Top News: Chinese fear rising US gun violence 3 preparations for the leader who Trump’s state visit is a “historic Zheng said.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Meteorology Volume 2013, Article ID 357497, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/357497 Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012 Ningli Huang,1 Zheqing Fang,2 and Fei Liu1 1 Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zheqing Fang; [email protected] Received 27 February 2013; Revised 5 May 2013; Accepted 21 May 2013 Academic Editor: Lian Xie Copyright © 2013 Ningli Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The buoy observation network in the East China Sea is used to assist the determination of the characteristics of tropical cyclone structure in August 2012. When super typhoon “Haikui” made landfall in northern Zhejiang province, it passed over three buoys, the East China Sea Buoy, the Sea Reef Buoy, and the Channel Buoy, which were located within the radii of the 13.9 m/s winds, 24.5 m/s winds, and 24.5 m/s winds, respectively. These buoy observations verified the accuracy of typhoon intensity determined by China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The East China Sea Buoy had closely observed typhoons “Bolaven” and “Tembin,” which provided real-time guidance for forecasters to better understand the typhoon structure and were also used to quantify the air-sea interface heat exchange during the passage of the storm.
    [Show full text]
  • Rainfall Variations Due to Twin Typhoons Over Northwest Pacific Ocean
    Open Access Library Journal 2017, Volume 4, e3638 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Print: 2333-9705 Rainfall Variations Due to Twin Typhoons over Northwest Pacific Ocean Shengyan Yu, M. V. Subrahmanyam* School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China How to cite this paper: Yu, S.Y. and Su- Abstract brahmanyam, M.V. (2017) Rainfall Varia- tions Due to Twin Typhoons over North- This paper focuses on the investigation of the rainfall variations due to twin west Pacific Ocean. Open Access Library typhoons Saola and Damrey occurred in 2012 over Northwest Pacific Ocean Journal, 4: e3638. (NPO). Genesis and landfall of the two typhoons are on the same day, howev- https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103638 er the track and rainfall area are different. We have chosen the Global Preci- Received: April 26, 2017 pitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mis- Accepted: May 16, 2017 sion (TRMM) data for this analysis. The results are illustrating as follows: ty- Published: May 19, 2017 phoon Saola produced higher rainfall than typhoon Damery. The rainfall pat- Copyright © 2017 by authors and Open tern of typhoon Saola having sufficient affect typhoon Damrey rainfall over Access Library Inc. the ocean, however after landfall produced rainfall over the land. Comparison This work is licensed under the Creative of two rainfall data sets revealing that TRMM data is better for identifying Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). heavy rainfall due to typhoon. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access Subject Areas Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanology Keywords Twin Typhoons, Rainfall, GPCP, TRMM 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size on Storm Surge in the Northern East China
    remote sensing Article Influence of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size on Storm Surge in the Northern East China Sea Jian Li 1,2,3,4, Yijun Hou 1,2,3,5,*, Dongxue Mo 1,2,3, Qingrong Liu 4 and Yuanzhi Zhang 6 1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road, 7, Qingdao 266071, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (D.M.) 2 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road, 7, Qingdao 266071, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, 19A, Beijing 100049, China 4 North China Sea Marine Forecasting center of State Oceanic Administration, Yunling Road, 27, Qingdao 266061, China; [email protected] 5 Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science, Qingdao 266061, China 6 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-532-82898516 Received: 5 November 2019; Accepted: 10 December 2019; Published: 16 December 2019 Abstract: Typhoon storm surge research has always been very important and worthy of attention. Less is studied about the impact of tropical cyclone size (TC size) on storm surge, especially in semi-enclosed areas such as the northern East China Sea (NECS). Observational data for Typhoon Winnie (TY9711) and Typhoon Damrey (TY1210) from satellite and tide stations, as well as simulation results from a finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM), were developed to study the effect of TC size on storm surge.
    [Show full text]
  • Simulating the Storm Surge of Typhoon No.1210"DAMREY" and Its
    Proceedings of the Twenty-third (2013) International Offshore and Polar Engineering www.isope.org Anchorage, Alaska, USA, June 30–July 5, 2013 Copyright © 2013 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) ISBN 978-1-880653-99–9 (Set); ISSN 1098-6189 (Set) Simulating the Storm Surge of Typhoon No.1210“DAMREY” and its Characteristic Analysis Y. Tan, Z.G. Shan, F. Yang and J.A. Tai College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University Nanjing, Jangsu Province, China ABSTRACT maximum wind speed near the typhoon center is 33 m/s, pressure near the typhoon center is 975 hpa, In August 2 Typhoon "Damrey" has At 9 am. on Aug.,2,2012, the most severe typhoon ‘DAMREY’ landed on Chenjiagang town in Xiangshui county in Jiangsu Province. landed north of the Yangtze River since 1949, has landed on Chenjiagang town in Xiangshui county in Jiangsu Province. A 117▲E 119▲E 121▲E 123▲E 125▲E 127▲E 129▲E practical storm surge model including the role of wave set-up in Scale Jiangsu Offshore Areas is proposed. The new model can not only * 40▲N + 0 100 200km 40 N improve the physical process of wave set-up and time-saving, but + also obtain a more satisfactory result than the old one through the * 35 N * 30 N * simulation of the storm surge of typhoon No. 1210 ’DAMREY’ in * * * Aug. 4 2012 38▲N +* 25 N 2:00 * Jiangsu coastal areas. * 0 100 200km * * * * * * Korea * Shandongm* Peninsula * * KEY WORDS: Storm surge; typhoon ‘DAMREY’; radiation * 36▲N * +Qingdao * stress；numerical simulation.
    [Show full text]
  • 二零一七熱帶氣旋tropical Cyclones in 2017
    => TALIM TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2017 <SEP (), ! " Daily Positions at 00 UTC(08 HKT), :; SANVU the number in the symbol represents <SEP the date of the month *+ Intermediate 6-hourly Positions ,')% Super Typhoon NORU ')% *+ Severe Typhoon JUL ]^ BANYAN LAN AUG )% Typhoon OCT '(%& Severe Tropical Storm NALGAE AUG %& Tropical Storm NANMADOL JUL #$ Tropical Depression Z SAOLA( 1722) OCT KULAP JUL HAITANG JUL NORU( 1705) JUL NESAT JUL MERBOK Hong Kong / JUN PAKHAR @Q NALGAE(1711) ,- AUG ? GUCHOL AUG KULAP( 1706) HATO ROKE MAWAR <SEP JUL AUG JUL <SEP T.D. <SEP @Q GUCHOL( 1717) <SEP T.D. ,- MUIFA TALAS \ OCT ? HATO( 1713) APR JUL HAITANG( 1710) :; KHANUN MAWAR( 1716) AUG a JUL ROKE( 1707) SANVU( 1715) XZ[ OCT HAIKUI AUG JUL NANMADOL AUG NOV (1703) DOKSURI JUL <SEP T.D. *+ <SEP BANYAN( 1712) TALAS(1704) \ SONCA( 1708) JUL KHANUN( 1720) AUG SONCA JUL MERBOK (1702) => OCT JUL JUN TALIM( 1718) / <SEP T.D. PAKHAR( 1714) OCT XZ[ AUG NESAT( 1709) T.D. DOKSURI( 1719) a JUL APR <SEP _` HAIKUI( 1724) DAMREY NOV NOV de bc KAI-( TAK 1726) MUIFA (1701) KIROGI DEC APR NOV _` DAMREY( 1723) OCT T.D. APR bc T.D. KIROGI( 1725) T.D. T.D. JAN , ]^ NOV Z , NOV JAN TEMBIN( 1727) LAN( 1721) TEMBIN SAOLA( 1722) DEC OCT DEC OCT T.D. OCT de KAI- TAK DEC 更新記錄 Update Record 更新日期: 二零二零年一月 Revision Date: January 2020 頁 3 目錄 更新 頁 189 表 4.10: 二零一七年熱帶氣旋在香港所造成的損失 更新 頁 217 附件一: 超強颱風天鴿(1713)引致香港直接經濟損失的 新增 估算 Page 4 CONTENTS Update Page 189 TABLE 4.10: DAMAGE CAUSED BY TROPICAL CYCLONES IN Update HONG KONG IN 2017 Page 219 Annex 1: Estimated Direct Economic Losses in Hong Kong Add caused by Super Typhoon Hato (1713) 二零一 七 年 熱帶氣旋 TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2017 2 二零一九年二月出版 Published February 2019 香港天文台編製 香港九龍彌敦道134A Prepared by: Hong Kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong © 版權所有。未經香港天文台台長同意，不得翻印本刊物任何部分內容。 ©Copyright reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWS BULLETIN 16 – 22 July 2018
    International Association of Marine and Shipping Professionals NEWS BULLETIN 16 – 22 July 2018 CALL US ON +1 307 459 1102 @ [email protected] WWW.IAMSP.ORG About I.A.M.S.P The International Association of Marine and Shipping Professionals (IAMSP) is the professional body for Marine and Shipping professionals world-wide, formed in 2015. The association is an independent, non-political organization aims to: Contribute to the promotion and protection of maritime activities of the shipping industry, the study of their development opportunities and more generally everything concerning these activities. Promote the development of occupations related to maritime and shipping; serve as a point of contact and effective term for the business relationship with the shipping industry (charter brokers, traders, shipping agents, Marine surveyors, ship inspectors, ship-managers, sailors, and stevedores etc.). Ensuring the representation of its members to the institutions, national and international organizations as well as with governments, communities and professional groups while promoting the exchange of information, skills and the exchange of experience. Develop the partnership relations sponsorship, collaboration between IAMSP and other associations, companies, national and international organizations involved in activities related to Maritimes and shipping. Contribute to the update and improvement of professional knowledge of its members and raise their skill levels to international standards. Progress towards a comprehensive and integrated view of all marine areas and the activities and resources related to the sea. INTERNATIONAL news Laws & regulations: EU questions independence of Ireland’s marine investigations body 20/07/2018 The European Commission has referred Ireland to the EU Court of Justice for failing to uphold EU law on “impartial” investigations of marine incidents.
    [Show full text]
  • TENG WU [email protected] Dr
    TENG WU [email protected] Dr. Teng Wu received his Ph.D. degree from University of Notre Dame in 2013. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering at the University at Buffalo (UB). Wu has made significant contributions to development of analytical and computational methods focusing on nonlinear and transient structural aerodynamics, nonstationary extreme winds, and hurricane wind, rain and surge hazards. His contributions have been recognized through the 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) O.H. Ammann Research Fellowship, 2014 American Association for Wind Engineering (AAWE) Best Paper Award, 2016 ASCE Alfred Noble Prize, 2017 AAWE Robert Scanlan Award, 2017 International Association for Wind Engineering (IAWE) Junior Award and 2018 International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) Prize. Wu currently serves as the Associate Editor of ASCE Journal of Bridge Engineering, IABSE Structural Engineering International, Frontiers in Built Environment-Wind Engineering and Science, and International Journal of Aerospace Engineering. He is an executive board member of IAWE, member of Super-Long-Span Bridge Aerodynamics Working Group and Effects of Climate Change on Infrastructures Working Group of IABSE, a board member of International Joint Research Laboratory in Wind Engineering, and a member of Academic Committee for International Joint Research Laboratory of Rail Transportation Safety. Wu serves on a number of ASCE committees including Structural Wind Engineering Committee, Performance-based Wind Engineering Committee, Standards Committee ASCE 49-Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other Structures, EMI Dynamics Committee, Computational Mechanics Committee, Fluid Dynamics Committee (Secretary), Probabilistic Methods Committee, and Structural Health Monitoring and Control Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances in Research and Forecasting of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall
    Recent Advances in Research and Forecasting of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Kevin Cheung1, Zifeng Yu2, Russell L. Elsberry3, Michael Bell4, Haiyan Jiang5, Tsz Cheung Lee6, Kuo-Chen Lu7, Yoshinori Oikawa8, Liangbo Qi9, Robert F. Rogers10, Kazuhisa Tsuboki11 1Macquarie University, Australia 2Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China 3University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, USA 4Colorado State University, USA 5Florida International University, USA 6Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong 7Pacific Science Association 8RSMC Tokyo/Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan 9Shanghai Meteorological Service, China 10NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, USA 11Nagoya University, Japan February 2018 Tropical Cyclone Research and Review Special Issue Corresponding Author: Kevin Cheung, Department of Environmental Sciences Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Email: [email protected] Abstract In preparation for the Fourth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Landfall Processes (IWTCLP-IV), a summary of recent research studies and the forecasting challenges of tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall has been prepared. The extreme rainfall accumulations in Hurricane Harvey (2017) near Houston, Texas and Typhoon Damrey (2017) in southern Vietnam are examples of the TC rainfall forecasting challenges. Some progress is being made in understanding the internal rainfall dynamics via case studies. Environmental effects such as vertical wind shear and terrain-induced rainfall have been studied, as well as the rainfall relationships with TC intensity and structure. Numerical model predictions of TC-related rainfall have been improved via data assimilation, microphysics representation, improved resolution, and ensemble quantitative precipitation forecast techniques. Some attempts have been made to improve the verification techniques as well. A basic forecast challenge for TC-related rainfall is monitoring the existing rainfall distribution via satellite or coastal radars, or from over- land rain gauges.
    [Show full text]
  • Sigma 1/2018
    No 1 /2018 Natural catastrophes and 01 Executive summary 02 Catastrophes in 2017: man-made disasters in 2017: global overview a year of record-breaking 06 Regional overview 18 HIM: an unprecedented losses hurricane cluster event? 27 Tables for reporting year 2017 50 Terms and selection criteria Foreword This year we celebrate the 50th anniversary of sigma, the flagship publication of the Swiss Re Institute´s research portfolio. Over the last half century, sigma has provided thought leadership spanning the ever-evolving risk landscape facing society, the macro and regulatory environments and their impact on insurance markets, and industry-specific topics such as underwriting cycles and distribution channels. As the industry's leading research publication, sigma has been and remains a central pillar of Swiss Re's vision to make the world more resilient. As the first edition of sigma in 2018, we are pleased to bring you our annual report providing data on and in-depth analysis of recent major natural and man-made disasters. Our first-ever sigma report on natural catastrophes (nat cat) was published in 1969, and nat cat has been a mainstay of the series ever since. In “sigma No. 12/1969: Insurance against power of nature damage and its problems˝, our objective was to “point out the nature and extent of power of nature damage˝ … by which “we mean events caused by the forces of nature.˝ Fifty years on, the “forces of nature“ continue to inflict devastation on communities all around the world. By far the largest nat cat events in 2017 were a series of hurricanes that hit the Caribbean and the US.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of a Regional Torrential Rain Caused by Typhoon in North
    Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2018, 6, 220-227 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 A Case Study of a Regional Torrential Rain in North China Caused by Typhoon Damrey (2012) Rui Xing1, Yuejia Zhu2*, Chengcheng Feng3 1Tianjin Binhai New District Meteorological Bureau, Tianjin, China 2Anhui Meteorological Observatory, Hefei, China 3Dalian Meteorological Observatory, Dalian, China How to cite this paper: Xing, R., Zhu, Y.J. Abstract and Feng, C.C. (2018) A Case Study of a Regional Torrential Rain in North China By using the NCEP/GFS analysis data, CIMISS data, JMA and China’s Ty- Caused by Typhoon Damrey (2012). Jour- phoon Networks, heavy rainstorm occurred in east of North China associated nal of Geoscience and Environment Pro- with Typhoon Damrey from August 3rd to 4th, 2012 was analyzed. Results tection, 6, 220-227. show during Damrey was going nearby Tianjin City and Hebei province of https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2018.65018 China, heavy rainstorm was observed in the cities of Qinhuangdao and Tang- Received: November 30, 2017 shan. The southerly jet stream from the southern side of the subtropical high Accepted: May 27, 2018 and the periphery of Typhoon Saola is the conveyor belt for water vapor and Published: May 30, 2018 energy, which enables Damrey to maintain for a long time and provide water vapor and heat conditions for rainfall in east of North China. The structure of Copyright © 2018 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Damrey caused a strong updraft in east of North China with a K-index greater This work is licensed under the Creative than 35˚C, which provided a favorable condition for the heavy rainstorm.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in 2012 ?7@ Jelawat (),   Oct   !
    678 VENBOLA AUG TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2012 ?7@ TAWJELA , () OCT ! Daily Positions at 00 UTC(08 HKT), 12 the number in the symbol represents DE KIROGI SANBA the date of the month AUG FG SEP )* KHANUN JUL Intermediate 6-hourly Positions 345 +&($ Super yphoonT WX EWINIAR DAMREY SEP &($ Severe yphoonT AUG H+ ($ yphoonT /0 GUCHOL TEMBIN JUN &'$% Severe ropical StormT AUG $% ropical StormT <=> "# ropical DepressionT MALIKSI OCT 9:; PRAPIROON OCT ,V TU AR(1203)WMA ,-. HAIKUI JUN AUG MARIA OCT IJ B7 SANVU SAOLA RS MAY AUG TALIM JUN WX DAMREY(1210) JUL 12 KIROGI(1212) KLM ABC AUG TU VICENTE DOKSURI NO JUN 1)HAIKUI(121 AKKAI-T JUL PQ AUG AUG SON-TINH OCT FG KHANUN(1207) JUL /0 345 TEMBIN(1214) EWINIAR(1218) SEP RS AUG ALIM(1205)T [\ JUN GAEMI(1220) KLM YZ 9:; OCT VICENTE(1208) NO ,-. BOPHA PRAPIROON(1221) JUL AK(1213)KAI-T MARIA(1222) DEC OCT AUG 678 OCT VEN(1215)BOLA AUG ABC [\ DOKSURI(1206) ]F GAEMI ,V JUN <=> AKHARP OCT AR(1203)WMA B7 MALIKSI(1219) APR JUN SAOLA(1209) ?7@ SEP JUL T(1217)AWJELA IJ SEP SANVU(1202) MAY .D.T .D.T FEB ^_ DE NOV WUKONG(1225) ^_ SANBA(1216) H+ ]F DEC WUKONG SEP GUCHOL(1204) OCT AKHAR(1201)P PQ MAR JUN SON-TINH(1223) .D.T OCT T.D. FEB NOV YZ BOPHA(1224) NOV 二零一 二 年 熱 帶 氣 旋 TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2012 2 二零一四年六月出版 Published June 2014 香港天文台編製 香港九龍彌敦道134A Prepared by: Hong Kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong © 版權所有。未經香港天文台台長同意，不得翻印本刊物任何部分內容。 © Copyright reserved.
    [Show full text]