Typhoons Hammer Eastern Provinces
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P1.24 a Typhoon Loss Estimation Model for China
P1.24 A TYPHOON LOSS ESTIMATION MODEL FOR CHINA Peter J. Sousounis*, H. He, M. L. Healy, V. K. Jain, G. Ljung, Y. Qu, and B. Shen-Tu AIR Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 1. INTRODUCTION the two. Because of its wind intensity (135 mph maximum sustained winds), it has been Nowhere 1 else in the world do tropical compared to Hurricane Katrina 2005. But Saomai cyclones (TCs) develop more frequently than in was short lived, and although it made landfall as the Northwest Pacific Basin. Nearly thirty TCs are a strong Category 4 storm and generated heavy spawned each year, 20 of which reach hurricane precipitation, it weakened quickly. Still, economic or typhoon status (cf. Fig. 1). Five of these reach losses were ~12 B RMB (~1.5 B USD). In super typhoon status, with windspeeds over 130 contrast, Bilis, which made landfall a month kts. In contrast, the North Atlantic typically earlier just south of where Saomai hit, was generates only ten TCs, seven of which reach actually only tropical storm strength at landfall hurricane status. with max sustained winds of 70 mph. Bilis weakened further still upon landfall but turned Additionally, there is no other country in the southwest and traveled slowly over a period of world where TCs strike with more frequency than five days across Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi in China. Nearly ten landfalling TCs occur in a and Yunnan Provinces. It generated copious typical year, with one to two additional by-passing amounts of precipitation, with large areas storms coming close enough to the coast to receiving more than 300 mm. -
SCIENCE CHINA Effects of Tide-Surge Interactions on Storm Surges Along
SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences • RESEARCH PAPER • doi: 10.1007/s11430-015-5251-y Effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea XU JunLi1, ZHANG YuHong2, CAO AnZhou1, LIU Qiang2* & LV XianQing1 1 Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; 2 College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China Received August 27, 2015; accepted November 17, 2015 Abstract A two-dimensional coupled tide-surge model was used to investigate the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. In order to estimate the impacts of tide-surge interactions on storm surge elevations, Typhoon 7203 was assumed to arrive at 12 different times, with all other conditions remaining constant. This allowed simulation of tide and total water levels for 12 separate cases. Numerical simulation results for Yingkou, Huludao, Shijiusuo, and Lianyungang tidal stations were analyzed. Model results showed wide variations in storm surge elevations across the 12 cases. The largest difference between 12 extreme storm surge elevation values was of up to 58 cm and occurred at Yingkou tidal station. The results indicate that the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surge elevations are very significant. It is therefore essential that these are taken into account when predicting storm surge elevations. Keywords Storm surges, Astronomical tides, Tide-surge interactions, Typhoon 7203, Coupled tide-surge model Citation: Xu J L, Zhang Y H, Cao A Z, Liu Q, Lv X Q. -
'State Visit-Plus' for Trump in China
BEIJING Your Beijing Bible • Insightful and interactive – real voices from the capital’s expat community • Issues, life and style • Culture, eating, nightlife and more Metro Beijing appears in the English edition of the Global Times here in Beijing, Monday to Friday. Nation InDepth Life Business Path out Common Plunder Dandong of poverty destiny & rescue angry at US 6 12-13 20 sanctions B1 www.globaltimes.com.cn VOLUME 9 • NO. 2432 • TUESDAY NOVEMBER 7, 2017 PRICE 2 YUAN Vigil for the victims A candlelight vigil is observed on Sunday following the mass shooting at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, that left 26 people dead (see stories on pages 3 and 10). Photo: AFP Chinese public keenly follows Asia trip Beidou navigation system to ‘outperform GPS by 2020’ ‘State visit-plus’ for dou Navigation Satellite Sys- By Liu Yang in Xichang and Zhang Hui in Beijing tem. Beidou will lead the world China used a single carrier and outperform the GPS sys- Trump in China rocket Sunday night to launch tem by around 2020 when two state-of-the-art satellites Beidou goes global, into space, marking the global Chinese space ex- 2 network expansion of its Bei- perts said. Global By Li Ruohan first foreign head of state to vis- communication on significant it China after the 19th National issues of common concern to Amid tremendous public curi- Congress of the Communist build a new consensus, en- osity over the visit of US Presi- Party of China. hance mutual understanding Inside dent Donald Trump, China is China and the US are and friendship, and promote pulling out all the stops in its working to ensure President bilateral relations in all spheres, Top News: Chinese fear rising US gun violence 3 preparations for the leader who Trump’s state visit is a “historic Zheng said. -
Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with Monsoon Gyres
APRIL 2013 W U E T A L . 1023 Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with Monsoon Gyres LIGUANG WU,HUIJUN ZONG, AND JIA LIANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, and State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China (Manuscript received 6 April 2012, in final form 31 October 2012) ABSTRACT Large-scale monsoon gyres and the involved tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific have been documented in previous studies. The aim of this study is to understand how monsoon gyres affect tropical cyclone formation. An observational study is conducted on monsoon gyres during the period 2000–10, with a focus on their structures and the associated tropical cyclone formation. A total of 37 monsoon gyres are identified in May–October during 2000–10, among which 31 monsoon gyres are accompanied with the formation of 42 tropical cyclones, accounting for 19.8% of the total tropical cyclone formation. Monsoon gyres are generally located on the poleward side of the composited monsoon trough with a peak occurrence in August–October. Extending about 1000 km outward from the center at lower levels, the cyclonic circulation of the composited monsoon gyre shrinks with height and is replaced with negative relative vorticity above 200 hPa. The maximum winds of the composited monsoon gyre appear 500–800 km away from 2 the gyre center with a magnitude of 6–10 m s 1 at 850 hPa. In agreement with previous studies, the com- posited monsoon gyre shows enhanced southwesterly flow and convection on the south-southeastern side. -
Boundary Layer Structure in Typhoon Saomai (2006): Understanding the Effects of Exchange Coefficient
Vol.18 No.2 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY June 2012 Article ID: 1006-8775(2012) 02-0195-12 BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE IN TYPHOON SAOMAI (2006): UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT 1 1 1 2 MING Jie (明 杰) , SONG Jin-jie (宋金杰) , CHEN Bao-jun (陈宝君) , WANG Ke-fa (王可发) (1. Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 China; 2. Climate Center, Meteorological Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008 China) Abstract: Recent studies have shown that surface fluxes and exchange coefficients are particularly important to models attempting to simulate the evolution and maintenance of hurricanes or typhoons. By using an advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) modeling system, this work aims to study the impact of modified exchange coefficient on the intensity and structures of typhoon Saomai (2006) over the western North Pacific. Numerical experiments with the modified and unmodified exchange coefficients are used to investigate the intensity and structure of the storm, especially the structures of the boundary layer within the storm. Results show that, compared to the unmodified experiment, the simulated typhoon in the modified experiment has a bigger deepening rate after 30-h and is the same as the observation in the last 12-h. The roughness is leveled off when wind speed is greater than 30 m/s. The momentum exchange coefficient (CD) and enthalpy exchange coefficient (CK) are leveled off too, and CD is decreased more than CK when wind speed is greater than 30 m/s. More sensible heat flux and less latent heat flux are produced. -
China Date: 8 January 2007
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN31098 Country: China Date: 8 January 2007 Keywords: China – Taiwan Strait – 2006 Military exercises – Typhoons This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Is there corroborating information about military manoeuvres and exercises in Pingtan? 2. Is there any information specifically about the military exercise there in July 2006? 3. Is there any information about “Army day” on 1 August 2006? 4. What are the aquatic farming/fishing activities carried out in that area? 5. Has there been pollution following military exercises along the Taiwan Strait? 6. The delegate makes reference to independent information that indicates that from May until August 2006 China particularly the eastern coast was hit by a succession of storms and typhoons. The last one being the hardest to hit China in 50 years. Could I have information about this please? The delegate refers to typhoon Prapiroon. What information is available about that typhoon? 7. The delegate was of the view that military exercises would not be organised in typhoon season, particularly such a bad one. Is there any information to assist? RESPONSE 1. Is there corroborating information about military manoeuvres and exercises in Pingtan? 2. Is there any information specifically about the military exercise there in July 2006? There is a minor naval base in Pingtan and military manoeuvres are regularly held in the Taiwan Strait where Pingtan in located, especially in the June to August period. -
Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Meteorology Volume 2013, Article ID 357497, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/357497 Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012 Ningli Huang,1 Zheqing Fang,2 and Fei Liu1 1 Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zheqing Fang; [email protected] Received 27 February 2013; Revised 5 May 2013; Accepted 21 May 2013 Academic Editor: Lian Xie Copyright © 2013 Ningli Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The buoy observation network in the East China Sea is used to assist the determination of the characteristics of tropical cyclone structure in August 2012. When super typhoon “Haikui” made landfall in northern Zhejiang province, it passed over three buoys, the East China Sea Buoy, the Sea Reef Buoy, and the Channel Buoy, which were located within the radii of the 13.9 m/s winds, 24.5 m/s winds, and 24.5 m/s winds, respectively. These buoy observations verified the accuracy of typhoon intensity determined by China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The East China Sea Buoy had closely observed typhoons “Bolaven” and “Tembin,” which provided real-time guidance for forecasters to better understand the typhoon structure and were also used to quantify the air-sea interface heat exchange during the passage of the storm. -
Impact of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation on the Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific
Vol.20 No.1 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY March 2014 Article ID: 1006-8775(2014) 01-0026-09 IMPACT OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION ON THE TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC 1 2 TAO Li (陶 丽) , LI Shuang-jun (李双君) (1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China; 2. Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory, Wuhan 430074 China) Abstract: In this work, an index of tropical 20-90 d oscillation (intra-seasonal oscillation; ISO) in the western North Pacific (WNP) was determined via the combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method using daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) field data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), daily wind field data (at 850 hPa) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and referencing the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) index proposed by Wheeler and Hendon. An in-depth investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the ISO on changes in tropical cyclone (TC) tracks in the WNP during different ISO phases. The research results indicate that during the easterly phase of the ISO, under the impact of the northeastern airflow of anti-cyclonic ISO circulation, the easterly airflow south of the western Pacific subtropical high is relatively weak, and TCs generated in the subtropical high tend to change their tracks east of 140°E; during the westerly phase, there is a relatively high probability that TCs change their tracks west of 140°E. This work also analyzed the ISO flow field situation in cases of typhoons and determined that the track of a tropical cyclone will experience a sudden right turn when the center of the ISO cyclonic (anti-cyclonic) circulation coincides with that of the cyclone. -
Shear Banding
2020-1065 IJOI http://www.ijoi-online.org/ THE MAJOR CAUSE OF BRIDGE COLLAPSES ACROSS ROCK RIVERBEDS: SHEAR BANDING Tse-Shan Hsu Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Feng-Chia University President, Institute of Mitigation for Earthquake Shear Banding Disasters Taiwan, R.O.C. [email protected] Po Yen Chuang Ph.D Program in Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Feng-Chia University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Kuan-Tang Shen Secretary-General, Institute of Mitigation for Earthquake Shear Banding Disasters Taiwan, R.O.C. Fu-Kuo Huang Associate Professor, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Tamkang University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Abstract Current performance design codes require that bridges be designed that they will not col- lapse within their design life. However, in the past twenty five years, a large number of bridges have collapsed in Taiwan, with their actual service life far shorter than their de- sign life. This study explores the major cause of the collapse of many these bridges. The results of the study reveal the following. (1) Because riverbeds can be divided into high shear strength rock riverbeds and low shear strength soil riverbeds, the main cause of bridge collapse on a high shear strength rock riverbed is the shear band effect inducing local brittle fracture of the rock, and the main cause on a low shear strength soil riverbed is scouring, but current bridge design specifications only fortify against the scouring of low shear strength soil riverbeds. (2) Since Taiwan is mountainous, most of the collapsed bridges cross high shear strength rock riverbeds in mountainous areas and, therefore, the major cause of collapse of bridges in Taiwan is that their design does not consider the 180 The International Journal of Organizational Innovation Volume 13 Number 1, July 2020 2020-1065 IJOI http://www.ijoi-online.org/ shear band effect. -
二零一七熱帶氣旋tropical Cyclones in 2017
176 第四節 熱帶氣旋統計表 表4.1是二零一七年在北太平洋西部及南海區域(即由赤道至北緯45度、東 經 100度至180 度所包括的範圍)的熱帶氣旋一覽。表內所列出的日期只說明某熱帶氣旋在上述範圍內 出現的時間,因而不一定包括整個風暴過程。這個限制對表內其他元素亦同樣適用。 表4.2是天文台在二零一七年為船舶發出的熱帶氣旋警告的次數、時段、首個及末個警告 發出的時間。當有熱帶氣旋位於香港責任範圍內時(即由北緯10至30度、東經105至125 度所包括的範圍),天文台會發出這些警告。表內使用的時間為協調世界時。 表4.3是二零一七年熱帶氣旋警告信號發出的次數及其時段的摘要。表內亦提供每次熱帶 氣旋警告信號生效的時間和發出警報的次數。表內使用的時間為香港時間。 表4.4是一九五六至二零一七年間熱帶氣旋警告信號發出的次數及其時段的摘要。 表4.5是一九五六至二零一七年間每年位於香港責任範圍內以及每年引致天文台需要發 出熱帶氣旋警告信號的熱帶氣旋總數。 表4.6是一九五六至二零一七年間天文台發出各種熱帶氣旋警告信號的最長、最短及平均 時段。 表4.7是二零一七年當熱帶氣旋影響香港時本港的氣象觀測摘要。資料包括熱帶氣旋最接 近香港時的位置及時間和當時估計熱帶氣旋中心附近的最低氣壓、京士柏、香港國際機 場及橫瀾島錄得的最高風速、香港天文台錄得的最低平均海平面氣壓以及香港各潮汐測 量站錄得的最大風暴潮(即實際水位高出潮汐表中預計的部分,單位為米)。 表4.8.1是二零一七年位於香港600公里範圍內的熱帶氣旋及其為香港所帶來的雨量。 表4.8.2是一八八四至一九三九年以及一九四七至二零一七年十個為香港帶來最多雨量 的熱帶氣旋和有關的雨量資料。 表4.9是自一九四六年至二零一七年間,天文台發出十號颶風信號時所錄得的氣象資料, 包括熱帶氣旋吹襲香港時的最近距離及方位、天文台錄得的最低平均海平面氣壓、香港 各站錄得的最高60分鐘平均風速和最高陣風。 表4.10是二零一七年熱帶氣旋在香港所造成的損失。資料參考了各政府部門和公共事業 機構所提供的報告及本地報章的報導。 表4.11是一九六零至二零一七年間熱帶氣旋在香港所造成的人命傷亡及破壞。資料參考 了各政府部門和公共事業機構所提供的報告及本地報章的報導。 表4.12是二零一七年天文台發出的熱帶氣旋路徑預測驗証。 177 Section 4 TROPICAL CYCLONE STATISTICS AND TABLES TABLE 4.1 is a list of tropical cyclones in 2017 in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (i.e. the area bounded by the Equator, 45°N, 100°E and 180°). The dates cited are the residence times of each tropical cyclone within the above‐mentioned region and as such might not cover the full life‐ span. This limitation applies to all other elements in the table. TABLE 4.2 gives the number of tropical cyclone warnings for shipping issued by the Hong Kong Observatory in 2017, the durations of these warnings and the times of issue of the first and last warnings for all tropical cyclones in Hong Kong's area of responsibility (i.e. the area bounded by 10°N, 30°N, 105°E and 125°E). Times are given in hours and minutes in UTC. TABLE 4.3 presents a summary of the occasions/durations of the issuing of tropical cyclone warning signals in 2017. The sequence of the signals displayed and the number of tropical cyclone warning bulletins issued for each tropical cyclone are also given. -
Assimilation of GBVTD-Retrieved Winds from Single-Doppler Radar for Short-Term Forecasting of Super Typhoon Saomai (0608) at Landfall
Assimilation of GBVTD-Retrieved Winds from Single-Doppler Radar for Short-Term Forecasting of Super Typhoon Saomai (0608) at Landfall Kun Zhao1, 2, Ming Xue2,3 and Wen-Chau Lee4 1Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China 2Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms and 3School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma 73072 4Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research*, Boulder, CO 80307 July, 2010 Revised and resubmitted in April 2011 Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society Corresponding author address: Ming Xue Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms University of Oklahoma, 120 David L. Boren Blvd, Norman OK 73072 [email protected] *The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Abstract A single-Doppler wind retrieval method called the Ground-Based Velocity-Track Display technique (GBVTD) has been developed in recent years to retrieve horizontal circulations of tropical cyclones. The technique is able to retrieve axisymmetric tangential and radial winds, asymmetric tangential winds for wavenumbers 1 through 3, and along-beam mean winds in tropical cyclones. It has been successfully applied to tropical cyclone monitoring and warning. This study explores, for the first time, the assimilation of GBVTD-retrieved winds into a tropical cyclone prediction model, and examines its impact relative to that of directly assimilated radial velocity data. Super Typhoon Saomai (2006), the most intense landfalling typhoon ever recorded in China, is chosen as the test case, and data from the coastal operational radar at Wenzhou, China are used. The ARPS 3DVAR system is used to assimilate either the radial velocity data directly or the GBVTD-retrieved winds, at 30-min intervals for 2 hours. -
Summary of the 2000 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors’ Seasonal Forecasts
Summary of the 2000 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors’ Seasonal Forecasts Issued 18th January, 2001 (Minor Ammendments: 22nd January, 2001) Produced in collaboration with the Met. Office by Drs Paul Rockett, Mark Saunders and Tony Hamilton Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, UCL (University College London), UK. Executive Summary A year with slightly below average activity predicted precisely for basin numbers and for Japan strike numbers The Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) consortium presents a validation of their pre-season NW Pacific forecast for tropical storm, typhoon and intense typhoon numbers, and for Japanese tropical storm and typhoon strike numbers. Issued on the 26th May 2000, the pre-season forecast covered the entire NW Pacific typhoon season from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2000. We show that the mean forecast values were all within 1-standard error of the observed totals, and for tropical storms, typhoons, intense typhoons, and Japanese landfalling typhoons, the forecasts were exactly correct. Features of the 2000 NW Pacific Season • The 2000 NW Pacific typhoon season was slightly below average with 25 tropical storms, 14 typhoons and 7 intense typhoons. These figures compare to the 1971-2000 climatology values of 27.2, 17.0 and 8.2 respectively. It was the 3rd consecutive year with below average activity. • Japan was affected by 4 tropical storms, 2 of which were of typhoon strength. Typhoon Saomai caused the most damage, producing record rainfall (23 inches in 24 hours at Nagoya) and considerable flooding. It was the 2nd consecutive year with below average tropical storm strikes on Japan.