DOCSLIB.ORG

IRN Population Movement Snapshot June 2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IRN Population Movement Snapshot June 2021 AFGHAN POPULATION MOVEMENT SNAPSHOT June 2021 Since the 1979 Soviet invasion and the subsequent waves of violence that have rocked Afghanistan, millions of Afghans have fled the country, seeking safety elsewhere. The Islamic Republic of Iran boasts 5,894 km of borders. Most of it, including the 921 km that are shared with Afghanistan, are porous and located in remote areas. While according to the Government of Iran (GIRI), some 1,400-2,500 Afghans arrive in Iran every day, recently GIRI has indicated increased daily movements with 4,000-5,000 arriving every day. These people aren’t necesserily all refugees, it is a mixed flow that includes people being pushed by the lack of economic opportunities as well as those who might be in need of international protection. The number fluctuates due to socio-economic challenges both in Iran and Afghanistan and also the COVID-19 situation. UNHCR Iran does not have access to border points and thus is unable to independently monitor arrivals or returns of Afghans. Afghans who currently reside in Iran have dierent statuses: some are refugees (Amayesh card holders), other are Afghans who posses a national passport, while other are undocumented. These populations move across borders in various ways. it is understood that many Afghans in Iran who have passports or are undocumented may have protection needs. 780,000 2.1 M 586,000 704 Amayesh Card Holders (Afghan refugees1) undocumented Afghans passport holders voluntarily repatriated in 2021 In 2001, the Government of Iran issues Amayesh Undocumented is an umbrella term used to There are 275,000 Afghans who hold family Covid-19 had a clear impact on the low VolRep cards to regularize the stay of Afghan refugees. describe various groups of foreign nationals passports and 311,000 who have passports with trend due to internal movement restrictions, fear Each year, refugees have to renew their residing in Iran including: those with an invalid valid visas. The Comprehensive Regularisation of spreading the disease/contagion during travel Amayesh cards. However, more recently arrived passport and invalid Iranian visa; those who lost Plan (CRP) introduced in 2010 allowed undocu- and better access to health services in Iran. Afghans do not receive an Amayesh card. The their Amayesh status for dierent reasons; those mented Afghans to register with the government Those who nevertheless opt to repatriate are Government of Iran is in charge of refugee status who hold a type of document, for example of Iran, and receive an Afghan passport and a those who have seen their livelihoods severely determination and UNHCR can advocate for a Tazkara, but no legal residence for Iran; and visa ("family passport"). The visas of those impacted in Iran and/or are willing to reunify with handful of refugees to receive amayesh cards those who are not in possession of any type of participating in the CRP have been extended at family members in Afghanistan. 64% of returnees each year. document. They don't formally fall under dierent intervals since 2012, often following high are students for whom UNHCR facilitates UNHCR's mandate but we potentially can level visits by the Government of Afghanistan. repatriation to obtain student visas to pursue consider them as others of concern. studies in Iran. GEORGIA RUSSIAN KAZAKHSTAN REFUGEE POPULATIONFEDERATION PER PROVINCE REPATRIATED BY LOCATION IN IRAN & INTENDED DESTINATION IN AFGHANISTAN IN 2021 ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN West East Azerbaijan TURKEY Azerbaijan Ardabil Ardabil East West Golestan North Azerbaijan North Azerbaijan Gilan Khorasan Khorasan Gilan Golestan Jawzjan Balkh Kunduz Badakhshan Zanjan Zanjan Razavi Mazandaran Mazandaran Khorasan Takhar Kurdistan Alborz Samangan Qazvin Tehran Razavi Qazvin Semnan Panjsher Kurdistan Alborz Tehran Faryab Baghlan Khorasan Nuristan Hamadan Semnan ISLAMIC Hirat Sar-e-Pul BamyanParwanKapisa Hamadan Badghis Laghman REPUBLIC Kermanshah Qom Qom Kabul Kermanshah REPUBLIC Wardak Kunar Markazi Daykundi Markazi OF IRAN Nangarhar Lorestan South Isfahan Ghor Logar Ilam Khorasan AFGHANISTAN Ghazni IRAQ Lorestan AFGHANISTAN Paktya Isfahan Ilam South Uruzgan Khost Chaharmahal Yazd Chaharmahal Khorasan and Bakhtiari *This map shows the and Bakhtiari Farah Paktika Yazd Zabul Voluntary repatriated Kohgiluyeh geographic distribution of Khuzestan by location in Iran Khuzestan and Kandahar refugees in Iran. The map uses Nimroz 1 Boyer-Ahmad Kerman Kohgiluyeh and the proportions from the 2015 Boyer-Ahmad Fars 10 Amayesh registration applied to Kerman Hilmand KUWAIT data from 2020. 100 Bushehr Fars Disclaimer: the boundaries Bushehr Intended return location Hormozgan Sistan and PAKISTAN Sistan and SAUDI ARABIA Baluchestan and names shown and the Hormozgan Baluchestan in Afghanistan designations used on the map 1 BAHRAIN OMAN do not imply ocial UNITED ARAB 10 endorsement or acceptance QATAR EMIRATES by the United Nations. 100 1 (Afghan "prima facie" refugees. There has not been a prima facie decision or statement by the GIRI on prima facie recognition fro this group. Technically Amayesh is a "temporary residency permit" and it does not specifically aord refugee status. According to the data received from the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in October 2020, on which consultations are ongoing, 800,000 refugee card holders reside in Iran, 780,000 of which are Afghans and 20,000 Iraqis.. AFGHAN POPULATION MOVEMENT SNAPSHOT INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN ONWARD MOVEMENT OF AFGHANS In 2021, displacement due to ongoing conflict and natural disasters is continuing to drive humanitarian As of May 2021, Afghans continue to be the second most common citizenship to claim asylum in Europe (13,965 needs in Afghanistan. Almost 191,000 people have left their homes this year due to fighting. Many of these first time claims since January 2021), after Syrians (25,250 first time claims). In April 2021, 53% of Afghan asylum people remain displaced across the country, as conflict and poverty prevent them from returning to their claimants in Europe were granted international protection. Afghan children made up 43% of all asylum applica- areas of origin. tions by unaccompanied minors in Europe in 2021 to date, and applications increased 17% from a year ago. 1% 9% 4,900,000 190,000 2,834,000 Rest of the world remained internally displaced in 2020 Afghans displaced internally in 2021 Afghans outside of Afghanistan Europe South-West Asia It is estimated that almost 4.8 million people who 59% of newly displaced Afghans are children This number includes only Afghan refugees and (mostly Iran and Pakistan) have fled their homes since 2012 remained under 18 asylum seekers 90% internally displaced. INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE BY PROVINCE OF ARRIVAL RETURN OF UNDOCUMENTED AFGHANS FROM IRAN 604,000 UZBEKISTAN Undocumented returnees in 2021 TAJIKISTAN # of returnees, thousands 859 775 TURKMENISTAN Overall, the number of undocumented Afghans who have 547 604 464 480 Balkh Badakhshn. 446 returned to Afghanistan since the beginning of 2021 (Jan to Jawzjan2.5 27 11 3.2 Takhar2.5 Jammu Jun) increased by 69% compared to the same period in & 8.4 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2020 - with spontaneaous return increasing by 9% and Fa ryab 1.2 Kashmir 6.2 Smngn. 11 Bghl. Nuristan deportation increasing by 224%. Pnjsh. # of returnees 4.8 Kunar Badghis Bamyan Parwan 200000 Spontaneous 0.7 4.2Lghm. 0.6 9.9 Deportation Maidn. Kabul Nangarhar Hirat2.2 0.6 150000 Ghor6.3 Logar 36 Daykundi 1.4 Pkt. 18 100000 Ghazni Khs.1.5 50000 Uruzgan Farah 1.4 0.5 Paktika 1.5 0 Zabul Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 2018 2019 2020 2021 Kandahar PAKISTAN IRAN Hilmand 0.8 12 15 RETURNEES BORDER MONITORING UNHCR AFGHANISTAN Nimroz 97% 77% are undocumented stayed less than a year Number of displaced people INDIA (thousands) Deportee Passport holder 6 - 10 years Born in Iran Spontaneous returnee VRF holder 1 - 5 years More than 10 years 71% Past seven years Monthly trends Less than 1 year Number of IDPs (thousands) Previous 3-year average Past year Reasons of entry to Iran Top reasons of return to Afghanistan* *Spontaneous returnees, VRF holders, and Passport/ID holders In search of employment 69% 100k Reunite with family members in Afghanistan 27% Conflict 21% Lack of employment opportunities 26% Fear of COVID-19 18% Family visit 7% 675 636 High cost of living in Iran 6% 512 190 50k 470 437 For medical treatment 1% Obtain passport and visa to return to Iran 5% 380 Family gatherings 4% Move to Turkey and/or Europe 1% Denied access to health facilities 4% 0 Threat of detention/forced quarantine 3% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Drought 1% Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Fear of arrest and/or deportation 3% Business less than 0.5% Discrimination by local community *2018 number also includes people displaced due to drought and other factors 1% Other 0% Other 5% Sources: Refugees in Iran - GIRI (Oct, 2020); Voluntary Repatriation - UNHCR Iran (June 2021); Afghans outside of Afghanistan - UNHCR Refugee Data Finder as of 20 Jul 2020; Internally displaced Afghans - IOM DTM. Baseline Mobility Assessment, Round 11, Jul-Dec 2020; UNHCR Factsheet “Onward Movements of Afghan Refugees and Migrants toward Europe” (May-Jun 2021); undocumented returnees from Iran - IOM Afghanistan Return of Undocumented Afghans reports (25 Jun - 1 Jul 2021) ; UNHCR Afghanistan Border Monitoring Report - UNHCR Afghanistan (May 2021); internally displaced people in Afghanistan - OCHA Aghanistan “Snapshot of Population Movements (January to April 2021)” as of 21 May. The numbers are subject to change as more information becomes available. Updated: 20 July 2021. Contact: Farha Bhoyroo, Communications Ocer, [email protected].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Afghans in Iran: Migration Patterns and Aspirations No
    TURUN YLIOPISTON MAANTIETEEN JA GEOLOGIAN LAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF UNIVERSITY OF TURKU MAANTIETEEN JA GEOLOGIAN LAITOS DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY Afghans in Iran: Migration Patterns and Aspirations Patterns Migration in Iran: Afghans No. 14 TURUN YLIOPISTON MAANTIETEEN JA GEOLOGIAN LAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF TURKU No. 1. Jukka Käyhkö and Tim Horstkotte (Eds.): Reindeer husbandry under global change in the tundra region of Northern Fennoscandia. 2017. No. 2. Jukka Käyhkö och Tim Horstkotte (Red.): Den globala förändringens inverkan på rennäringen på norra Fennoskandiens tundra. 2017. No. 3. Jukka Käyhkö ja Tim Horstkotte (doaimm.): Boazodoallu globála rievdadusaid siste Davvi-Fennoskandia duottarguovlluin. 2017. AFGHANS IN IRAN: No. 4. Jukka Käyhkö ja Tim Horstkotte (Toim.): Globaalimuutoksen vaikutus porotalouteen Pohjois-Fennoskandian tundra-alueilla. 2017. MIGRATION PATTERNS No. 5. Jussi S. Jauhiainen (Toim.): Turvapaikka Suomesta? Vuoden 2015 turvapaikanhakijat ja turvapaikkaprosessit Suomessa. 2017. AND ASPIRATIONS No. 6. Jussi S. Jauhiainen: Asylum seekers in Lesvos, Greece, 2016-2017. 2017 No. 7. Jussi S. Jauhiainen: Asylum seekers and irregular migrants in Lampedusa, Italy, 2017. 2017 Nro 172 No. 8. Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Katri Gadd & Justus Jokela: Paperittomat Suomessa 2017. 2018. Salavati Sarcheshmeh & Bahram Eyvazlu Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Davood No. 9. Jussi S. Jauhiainen & Davood Eyvazlu: Urbanization, Refugees and Irregular Migrants in Iran, 2017. 2018. No. 10. Jussi S. Jauhiainen & Ekaterina Vorobeva: Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Jordan, 2017. 2018. (Eds.) No. 11. Jussi S. Jauhiainen: Refugees and Migrants in Turkey, 2018. 2018. TURKU 2008 ΕήΟΎϬϣΕϼϳΎϤΗϭΎϫϮ̴ϟ΍ϥ΍ήϳ΍έΩ̶ϧΎΘδϧΎϐϓ΍ϥ΍ήΟΎϬϣ ISBN No.
    [Show full text]
  • REFUGEES Rn Lran* by Il Hobin Shorish University of Illinois At
    Bismiallah THE AFGHAt! REFUGEES rn lRAN* by i.l. Hobin Shorish University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Throughout the recent histories of Iran and Afghanistan refugees of one form or another have existed in each of these lands. Political and religious refugees have almost always constituted the majority of those who sought either Afghanistan or Iran as their new haven. The most recent Iranian wave of refugees in the Khurasan area of Afghanistan (Herat) has been those who feared the develop-· ment of conflict in Iran between the super powers during the Second World War. Since, fortunately, such a conflict did not develop some of the Iranians who fled to Herat and other western provinces of Afghanistan returned to Iran and others '"'ettled in these areas, especially in Herat, to become citizens of the Afghan kin~dom. In all fonns of human transmigration it is the magnitude of the people moving that create problems often for the host countries. Therefore:, an in­ vestigation into the problems of the Afghan refugees in Iran, and the Iranians' attidude toward these refugees was needed for the benefit of those concerned uith the tragedy of Afghanistan and the brutality befalling the Afghan people by the Russians and their puppets in Kabul. The Afghan Refugees--~heir Number and Origins: Today, in Iran the magnitude of the Afghan refugees is unknmm. The refugees themselves are vague in their ansuers to the questions eliciting the number. They often articulate their answer in the following manner: "There are manyn~ "There are a lot of them";: "Afghans are scattered from Tabriz to Tayabad"; ''We are everywhere".
    [Show full text]
  • Elbrus 5642M (South) - Russia
    Elbrus 5642m (South) - Russia & Damavand 5671m - Iran EXPEDITION OVERVIEW Mount Elbrus and Mount Damavand Combo In just two weeks this combo expedition takes you to the volcanoes of Damavand in Iran, which is Asia’s highest, and Elbrus in Russia, which is Europe’s highest. On Elbrus we gradually gain height and increase our chance of success by taking time to acclimatise in the Syltran-Su valley on Mount Mukal, which offers views across the beautiful valleys to Elbrus. Once acclimatised, we climb these sweeping snow slopes to the col between Elbrus’ twin summits before continuing easily to the true summit of Europe’s highest mountain in an ascent of about 1000m. A brief celebration and then we fly direct to Tehran where Mount Damavand may be little known outside its home nation of Iran but it is Asia’s highest volcano and provides a delightful challenge for mountaineers. It is located northeast of Tehran, close to the Caspian Sea and dominates the Alborz mountain range. Damavand is, with its near-symmetrical lines, a beautiful and graceful peak that has lain dormant for 10,000 years. On reaching the crater rim you walk around it to the true summit and it is possible to walk into the crater. It is technically easy but demands a good level of fitness. PLEASE NOTE – YOU WILL NEED TO BOOK THIS TRIP AT LEAST 3 MONTHS BEFORE THE DEPARTURE DATE, TO ALLOW TIME TO GET YOUR AUTHORISATION CODE AND VISA FOR IRAN. The Volcanic Seven Summits Challenge – your dream met, a worldwide journey to the seven continents with a unique challenge that has only been completed by a handful of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan
    February 2002 Vol. 14, No. 2(G) AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, AND PAKISTAN CLOSED DOOR POLICY: Afghan Refugees in Pakistan and Iran “The bombing was so strong and we were so afraid to leave our homes. We were just like little birds in a cage, with all this noise and destruction going on all around us.” Testimony to Human Rights Watch I. MAP OF REFUGEE A ND IDP CAMPS DISCUSSED IN THE REPORT .................................................................................... 3 II. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 III. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 6 To the Government of Iran:....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 To the Government of Pakistan:............................................................................................................................................................... 7 To UNHCR :...............................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Late Onset of Sufism in Azerbaijan and the Influence of Zarathustra Thoughts on Its Fundamentals
    International Journal of Philosophy and Theology September 2014, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 93-106 ISSN: 2333-5750 (Print), 2333-5769 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijpt.v2n3a7 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijpt.v2n3a7 Late Onset of Sufism in Azerbaijan and the Influence of Zarathustra Thoughts on its Fundamentals Parisa Ghorbannejad1 Abstract Islamic Sufism started in Azerbaijan later than other Islamic regions for some reasons.Early Sufis in this region had been inspired by mysterious beliefs of Zarathustra which played an important role in future path of Sufism in Iran the consequences of which can be seen in illumination theory. This research deals with the reason of the delay in the advent of Sufism in Azerbaijan compared with other regions in a descriptive analytic method. Studies show that the deficiency of conqueror Arabs, loyalty of ethnic people to Iranian religion and the influence of theosophical beliefs such as heart's eye, meeting the right, relation between body and soul and cross evidences in heart had important effects on ideas and thoughts of Azerbaijan's first Sufis such as Ebn-e-Yazdanyar. Investigating Arab victories and conducting case studies on early Sufis' thoughts and ideas, the author attains considerable results via this research. Keywords: Sufism, Azerbaijan, Zarathustra, Ebn-e-Yazdanyar, Islam Introduction Azerbaijan territory2 with its unique geography and history, was the cultural center of Iran for many years in Sasanian era and was very important for Zarathustra religion and Magi class. 1 PhD, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch,WestAzarbayjan, Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • (COVID- 19) in Iran
    The epidemiological trends of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran: February 19 to March 22, 2020 Dr. Farzan Madadizadeh Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Reyhane Sedkar ( [email protected] ) Department of Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Research Article Keywords: Respiratory illness, Coronavirus disease 2019, Primary health care, Epidemiology Posted Date: May 18th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29367/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/17 Abstract Background The Coronavirus has crossed the geographical borders of various countries without any restrictions. This study was performed to identify the epidemiological trends of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran during February 19 to March 22, 2020. Methods This cross sectional study was carried out in 31 provinces by using the daily number of newly infected cases which was announced by the Iranian health authorities from February 19 to March 22, 2020, we explore the trend of outbreak of coronavirus disease in all provinces of Iran and determine some inuential factors such as population size, area, population density, distance from original epicenter, altitude, and human development index (HDI) for each province on its spread by Spearman correlation coecient. K-means cluster analysis (KMCA) also categorized the provinces into 10 separate groups based on CF and ACF of the infected cases at the end of the study period. (ACF). Results There were 21,638 infected, 7,913 recovered and 2,299 death cases with COVID-19 in Iran during the study period.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile – Azerbaijan
    Country profile – Azerbaijan Version 2008 Recommended citation: FAO. 2008. AQUASTAT Country Profile – Azerbaijan. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Water Dispute Escalating Between Iran and Afghanistan
    Atlantic Council SOUTH ASIA CENTER ISSUE BRIEF Water Dispute Escalating between Iran and Afghanistan AUGUST 2016 FATEMEH AMAN Iran and Afghanistan have no major territorial disputes, unlike Afghanistan and Pakistan or Pakistan and India. However, a festering disagreement over allocation of water from the Helmand River is threatening their relationship as each side suffers from droughts, climate change, and the lack of proper water management. Both countries have continued to build dams and dig wells without environmental surveys, diverted the flow of water, and planted crops not suitable for the changing climate. Without better management and international help, there are likely to be escalating crises. Improving and clarifying existing agreements is also vital. The United States once played a critical role in mediating water disputes between Iran and Afghanistan. It is in the interest of the United States, which is striving to shore up the Afghan government and the region at large, to help resolve disagreements between Iran and Afghanistan over the Helmand and other shared rivers. The Atlantic Council Future Historical context of Iran Initiative aims to Disputes over water between Iran and Afghanistan date to the 1870s galvanize the international when Afghanistan was under British control. A British officer drew community—led by the United States with its global allies the Iran-Afghan border along the main branch of the Helmand River. and partners—to increase the In 1939, the Iranian government of Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Joint Comprehensive Plan of Zahir Shah’s Afghanistan government signed a treaty on sharing the Action’s chances for success and river’s waters, but the Afghans failed to ratify it.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
    DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms………….
    [Show full text]
  • An Etymological Study of Mythical Lakes in Iranian "Bundahišn"
    Advances in Language and Literary Studies ISSN: 2203-4714 Vol. 6 No. 6; December 2015 Australian International Academic Centre, Australia Flourishing Creativity & Literacy An Etymological Study of Mythical Lakes in Iranian Bundahišn Hossein Najari (Corresponding author) Shiraz University, Eram Square, Shiraz, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Zahra Mahjoub Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.6p.174 Received: 30/07/2015 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.6p.174 Accepted: 02/10/2015 Abstract One of the myth-making phenomena is lake, which has often a counterpart in reality. Regarding the possible limits of mythological lakes of Iranian Bundahišn, sometimes their place can be found in natural geography. Iranian Bundahišn, as one of the great works of Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, contains a large number of mythological geography names. This paper focuses on the mythical lakes of Iranian Bundahišn. Some of the mythical lakes are nominally comparable to the present lakes, but are geographically located in different places. Yet, in the present research attempt is made to match the mythical lakes of Iranian Bundahišn with natural lakes. Furthermore, they are studied in the light of etymological and mythological principles. The study indicates that mythical lakes are often both located in south and along the "Frāxkard Sea" and sometimes they correspond with the natural geography, according to the existing mythological points and current characteristics of the lakes. Keywords: mythological geography, Bundahišn, lake, Iranian studies, Middle Persian 1. Introduction Discovering the geographical location of mythical places in our present-day world is one of the most noteworthy matters for mythologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Repatriation of Afghan Refugees from Iran: a Shelter Profile Study
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Robert Stempel College of Public Health & School of Social Work Social Work 2018 Repatriation of Afghan refugees from Iran: a shelter profile study Mitra Naseh Miriam Potocky Paul H. Stuart Sara Pezeshk Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/social_work_fac Part of the Social Work Commons This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Social Work by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naseh et al. Journal of International Humanitarian Action (2018) 3:13 Journal of International https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-018-0041-8 Humanitarian Action RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Repatriation of Afghan refugees from Iran: a shelter profile study Mitra Naseh1* , Miriam Potocky1, Paul H. Stuart1 and Sara Pezeshk2 Abstract One in every nine refugees worldwide is from Afghanistan, and Iran is one of main host countries for these refugees. Close to 40 years of hosting Afghan refugees have depleted resources in Iran and resulted in promoting and sometimes forcing repatriation. Repatriation of Afghan refugees from Iran to Afghanistan has been long facilitated by humanitarian organizations with the premise that it will end prolonged displacement. However, lack of minimum standards of living, among other factors such as private covered living area, can make repatriation far from a durable solution. This study aims to highlight the value of access to shelter as a pull factor in ending forced displacement, by comparing Afghan refugees’ housing situation in Iran with returnees’ access to shelter in Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Marat Grebennikov, Concordia University the Puzzle of a Loyal Minority: Why Do Azeris Support the Iranian State? Abstract Ever
    Marat Grebennikov, Concordia University The Puzzle of a Loyal Minority: Why Do Azeris Support the Iranian State? Abstract Ever since its inception, the state of Iran has been pressed with the challenge of integrating the multiple ethnic identities that make up its plural society. Of a population exceeding 70 million, only 51% belongs to the Persian majority, while the single largest minority group are the Azeris numbering nearly 25 million (24%). In contrast to a number of other minorities like the Kurds and the Baluchis, the Azeris have shown loyalty to the Iranian state to the surprise of foreign scholars (Shaffer 2002, 2006). They have done so even in spite of a number of potentially favourable political and economic conditions that could support the realization of national aspirations. The paper addresses this puzzle: why, against seemingly favourable odds, Iranian Azeris have refrained from asserting their national ambitions and joining their newly independent kin north of the border? In an attempt to solve this puzzle, the paper will examine the triadic relationship among the Azeri minority in Iran, their home state (Iran), and their kin state (Azerbaijan). Although the Azeris constitute the titular majority in the Republic of Azerbaijan (91%), their articulation of national identity has diverged sharply from that of their kin brethren in Iran. Drawing on the works of Brubaker (2000, 2009), James (2001, 2006), Horowitz (1985), Saideman (2007, 2008) and Laitin (1998, 2007), the paper explores the hypothesis that the main reason for Azeri loyalty is the consistent and successful cooptation of the Azeri leadership into political and economic elite by the Iranian state.
    [Show full text]