DOCSLIB.ORG

Elbrus 5642M (South) - Russia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elbrus 5642M (South) - Russia Elbrus 5642m (South) - Russia & Damavand 5671m - Iran EXPEDITION OVERVIEW Mount Elbrus and Mount Damavand Combo In just two weeks this combo expedition takes you to the volcanoes of Damavand in Iran, which is Asia’s highest, and Elbrus in Russia, which is Europe’s highest. On Elbrus we gradually gain height and increase our chance of success by taking time to acclimatise in the Syltran-Su valley on Mount Mukal, which offers views across the beautiful valleys to Elbrus. Once acclimatised, we climb these sweeping snow slopes to the col between Elbrus’ twin summits before continuing easily to the true summit of Europe’s highest mountain in an ascent of about 1000m. A brief celebration and then we fly direct to Tehran where Mount Damavand may be little known outside its home nation of Iran but it is Asia’s highest volcano and provides a delightful challenge for mountaineers. It is located northeast of Tehran, close to the Caspian Sea and dominates the Alborz mountain range. Damavand is, with its near-symmetrical lines, a beautiful and graceful peak that has lain dormant for 10,000 years. On reaching the crater rim you walk around it to the true summit and it is possible to walk into the crater. It is technically easy but demands a good level of fitness. PLEASE NOTE – YOU WILL NEED TO BOOK THIS TRIP AT LEAST 3 MONTHS BEFORE THE DEPARTURE DATE, TO ALLOW TIME TO GET YOUR AUTHORISATION CODE AND VISA FOR IRAN. The Volcanic Seven Summits Challenge – your dream met, a worldwide journey to the seven continents with a unique challenge that has only been completed by a handful of people. You climb the highest volcanic peaks on the Earths seven continents. The volcanoes offer a diverse challenge of terrain and climatic conditions: jungle travel in tropical terrain, high altitude mountaineering in the desert, extreme coldness in one of the most remote corners of the world, to one of the most climbed mountains on the edge of the equator. 101 Lake Road, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0DB Telephone: 01539 433794 www.adventurepeaks.com [email protected] WHY CLIMB WITH ADVENTURE PEAKS Adventure Peaks are High Altitude Mountaineering experts that deliver consistently good success rates Elbrus South Side Expedition Our Standard expedition via the south ridge has achieved outstanding success rates for people of all levels over the past decade. • 99% Client Success in 2017 (72 out of 74 summits) • 99.5% Client Success in 2016 (68 out of 69 summits) • 98% Expedition success in 2015 • 54 previously successful Elbrus Expeditions over the past decade Damavand We have operated 3 previous expeditions to Damavand (2015-2017) and all expeditions have successfully reached the summit. Why we achieve: • Additional summits climbed during the acclimatisation phase • No load carrying • High Guiding ratio • 3 days set aside for a summit attempt ITINERARY No Day Today we... We stay at... Accommodation... Meals... 1 Sat Depart Plane Plane 2 Sun Arrive Mineralnye Vody Baksan Valley Hotel BD 3 Mon Trek into Lake Syltrankel 3000m Lake Syltrankel Camp BLD 4 Tue Climb Mount Mukal 3899m Lake Syltrankel Camp BLD 5 Wed Return Trek Baksan Valley Hotel BLD 6 Thu Ascent to the ‘Barrels’ 3800m Barrels Barrels BLD 7 Fri Acclimatisation to Pastukov Rocks 4600m Barrels Barrels BLD 8 Sat Elbrus Summit Day 1 Barrels Barrels BLD 9 Sun Reserve Day Barrels or Hotel Barrels or (Hotel*) BLD (B*) 10 Mon Fly Mineralnye Vody to Tehran via Moscow Tehran Hotel B 11 Tue Transfer to Damavand Damavand BC [3000m] Camp or Hut BLD 12 Wed Climb to Barghah-e-Sevom Barghah-e-Sevom [4150m] Shelter 13 Thu Damavand 1 Barghah-e-Sevom [4150m] Shelter BLD 14 Fri Damavand 2 Barghah-e-Sevom [4150m] Shelter BLD 15 Sat Return Trek/Drive Tehran 4* Hotel BLD 16 Sun Home Home Own bed! B 101 Lake Road, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0DB Telephone: 01539 433794 www.adventurepeaks.com [email protected] OUTLINE ITINERARY KEY to inclusions (H/L-hotel/lodge, MH-Mountain Hut, C-Camping, B- breakfast, L-lunch, D-dinner/evening meal) Day 1: International travel to Elbrus via Moscow Day 2: We arrive late morning in Mineralnye Vody (Mineral Waters) just to the North of the Caucasus mountain range. From here a 4-hour overland journey by road past fields of sunflowers takes us to the Upper Baksan Valley. We arrive at our hotel which will form the here is a steady climb up to the Sedlowina Saddle, the col main base for the expedition. (H/L,B, L,D) between the two peaks of Elbrus. From here the final 300 metres of ascent to the West summit is on steeper snow Day 3: From our hotel we drive to Verkhniy Baksan, here slopes. The ascent is approximately 8-12 hours round trip. we leave the main road and take the road as far as possible Time permitting we will return to our hotel base in the up the Syltran-Su valley (ideally to 2300m, but will valley to celebrate or spend a further night in the Barrels. depend on road conditions). At the end of the road we will (MH,B,L,D) trek to Lake Syltrankel at 3000m, 3-4 hours, where we will have lunch, set up our overnight camp, refresh skills and Day 10: Morning transfer to Mineralnye Vody and fly to relax. (C, B, L, D) Tehran arriving in the early hours of day 11. Transfer to a comfortable hotel. Day 11: Late morning start, your guide will brief you about the plans for the next few days. We leave Tehran and drive to Pooloor village. Here we change into a 4x4 vehicle for the last 45 mins drive on along rough dirt roads to Goosfand Sara where we set up our base camp for the ascent of Damavand. 2 to 3 hours’ drive Day 12: A well-trodden rocky trail winds its way up the mountain. As we gain in altitude the vegetation gets more and more sparse. We arrive eventually at Barghah Sevom, the site of the oldest refuge and camping site on Damavand, now served with a new hut since 2009. 4 to 5 Day 4: Today we make our ascent of Mount Mukal hours walking (3899m). On a clear day you will also be rewarded with beautiful views across the Baksan valley towards Elbrus. (C,B,L,D) Day 5: After packing up camp ready for the porters we descend back to the valley and return to the hotel to make our final preparations for the Elbrus summit bid. (H/L,B,L,D) Day 6: We take the cable car and chair lift to the Barrels at 3800m on Elbrus (also called ‘Bochky’ or ‘Karabashi’), our base for the next few nights to further aid the process of acclimatisation before our summit bid. Whilst on the mountain the accommodation is more basic but food will be cooked for you. If time permits we will do a further short acclimatisation walk to the old burnt down Prijutt Refuge, 4060m. (MH,B,L,D) Day 13-14: Ascent of Damavand [5610m]. This is a long Day 7: Today our destination is the Pastukov Rocks day so an early start is needed to ensure that there is no stretching from 4500-4700m, allowing us to practice need to rush. The weather can be fickle on Damavand and crampon work as well as being rewarded with good views snow and ice can lie on the top all year round. We crunch of Ushba, one of the most famous mountains of the region, our way up and over the volcanic rubble and snow, finally often described as the Matterhorn of the Caucasus. We reaching the summit after 5 or 6 hours if all goes well. overnight at the Barrels. (MH,B,L,D) Once we reach the top which is scattered with sulphur- yellowed stones, we will be able to smell the air emitted Days 8 to 9: Potential summit days: from the fumaroles within the snow-covered crater and be We rise in the early hours and prepare for a 3am departure able to enjoy our sense of achievement. After we have for the highest point of Europe. It is often possible to taken our photos, we head back down to thicker air. 8 - 11 obtain a lift by Snowcat to around 4500m. The route from hours walking 101 Lake Road, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0DB Telephone: 01539 433794 www.adventurepeaks.com [email protected] Day 15: We trek back down to base camp and transfer popular in Russia and choice for vegetarians will be fairly back to Tehran to celebrate in the comfort of the hotel. A limited although things appear to be improving each year. farewell dinner is provided this evening. 2 to 3 hours walking. On Damavand all meals are provided on the climbs. We ask that you pay for any drinks you purchase with meals Day 16: A transfer is provided to the airport to connect the same night. Some meals will be prepared by our guide with your flight back home. (who will gladly accept help from his clients!), while others will be provided in trailside cafes or at the places Alternatively why not or stay another night and enjoy a where we are staying. For larger groups we bring our own full day sightseeing tour of Tehran or stopover in cook. Most lunches will be pack lunches which you will Moscow during your flight home. carry with you. A farewell dinner is provided on your last night in Tehran. For special interest and to keep the taste buds going we ask that each member brings a small ‘luxury’ item to share at some point with the rest of the group.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Module No. 1840 1840-1
    Module No. 1840 1840-1 GETTING ACQUAINTED Congratulations upon your selection of this CASIO watch. To get the most out Indicator Description of your purchase, be sure to carefully read this manual and keep it on hand for later reference when necessary. GPS • Watch is in the GPS Mode. • Flashes when the watch is performing a GPS measurement About this manual operation. • Button operations are indicated using the letters shown in the illustration. AUTO Watch is in the GPS Auto or Continuous Mode. • Each section of this manual provides basic information you need to SAVE Watch is in the GPS One-shot or Auto Mode. perform operations in each mode. Further details and technical information 2D Watch is performing a 2-dimensional GPS measurement (using can also be found in the “REFERENCE” section. three satellites). This is the type of measurement normally used in the Quick, One-Shot, and Auto Mode. 3D Watch is performing a 3-dimensional GPS measurement (using four or more satellites), which provides better accuracy than 2D. This is the type of measurement used in the Continuous LIGHT Mode when data is obtained from four or more satellites. MENU ALM Alarm is turned on. SIG Hourly Time Signal is turned on. GPS BATT Battery power is low and battery needs to be replaced. Precautions • The measurement functions built into this watch are not intended for Display Indicators use in taking measurements that require professional or industrial precision. Values produced by this watch should be considered as The following describes the indicators that reasonably accurate representations only.
    [Show full text]
  • IRN Population Movement Snapshot June 2021
    AFGHAN POPULATION MOVEMENT SNAPSHOT June 2021 Since the 1979 Soviet invasion and the subsequent waves of violence that have rocked Afghanistan, millions of Afghans have fled the country, seeking safety elsewhere. The Islamic Republic of Iran boasts 5,894 km of borders. Most of it, including the 921 km that are shared with Afghanistan, are porous and located in remote areas. While according to the Government of Iran (GIRI), some 1,400-2,500 Afghans arrive in Iran every day, recently GIRI has indicated increased daily movements with 4,000-5,000 arriving every day. These people aren’t necesserily all refugees, it is a mixed flow that includes people being pushed by the lack of economic opportunities as well as those who might be in need of international protection. The number fluctuates due to socio-economic challenges both in Iran and Afghanistan and also the COVID-19 situation. UNHCR Iran does not have access to border points and thus is unable to independently monitor arrivals or returns of Afghans. Afghans who currently reside in Iran have dierent statuses: some are refugees (Amayesh card holders), other are Afghans who posses a national passport, while other are undocumented. These populations move across borders in various ways. it is understood that many Afghans in Iran who have passports or are undocumented may have protection needs. 780,000 2.1 M 586,000 704 Amayesh Card Holders (Afghan refugees1) undocumented Afghans passport holders voluntarily repatriated in 2021 In 2001, the Government of Iran issues Amayesh Undocumented is an umbrella term used to There are 275,000 Afghans who hold family Covid-19 had a clear impact on the low VolRep cards to regularize the stay of Afghan refugees.
    [Show full text]
  • Module No. 2240 2240-1
    Module No. 2240 2240-1 GETTING ACQUAINTED Precautions • Congratulations upon your selection of this CASIO watch. To get the most out The measurement functions built into this watch are not intended for of your purchase, be sure to carefully read this manual and keep it on hand use in taking measurements that require professional or industrial for later reference when necessary. precision. Values produced by this watch should be considered as reasonably accurate representations only. About This Manual • Though a useful navigational tool, a GPS receiver should never be used • Each section of this manual provides basic information you need to perform as a replacement for conventional map and compass techniques. Remember that magnetic compasses can work at temperatures well operations in each mode. Further details and technical information can also be found in the “REFERENCE”. below zero, have no batteries, and are mechanically simple. They are • The term “watch” in this manual refers to the CASIO SATELLITE NAVI easy to operate and understand, and will operate almost anywhere. For Watch (Module No. 2240). these reasons, the magnetic compass should still be your main • The term “Watch Application” in this manual refers to the CASIO navigation tool. • SATELLITE NAVI LINK Software Application. CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. assumes no responsibility for any loss, or any claims by third parties that may arise through the use of this watch. Upper display area MODE LIGHT Lower display area MENU On-screen indicators L K • Whenever leaving the AC Adaptor and Interface/Charger Unit SAFETY PRECAUTIONS unattended for long periods, be sure to unplug the AC Adaptor from the wall outlet.
    [Show full text]
  • Persian-Gulf-1-Edition.Pdf
    Persian Gulf Tour Operator If you are thinking of surprising someone offer him a trip to • A treasure trove of the world’s finest architecture in the world are located in Iran. • 24 historical monuments of Iran until the beginning of 2021 are listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List • The most memories of the hospitality of tourists are related to Iranians • High cultural and ethnic diversity • Iranian art and crafts are well-known The knowledge of making Iranian launchs and rugs, Ta’zieh Performance,Naghali (traditional Iranian story telling), music, etc. are the records of IRAN UNESCO’s spiritual heritage • Four seasons nature with diverse climates. It’s possible to experience temperature difference up to 50 degrees at a time! • 8200 plant species, 163 mammal species. 535 bird species. 1000 species of amphibians and insects. 10 peaks above 4000 meters. 50 domestic lakes. More than 100 specialized caves. and...... Now it’s time to surprise someone you love! Persian Gulf Tour Operator Explore Persia Iran’s Geography Iran is one of the countries of the southwest of Asia also known as Middle East. It neighbors Afghanistan and Pakistan from East, Turkmenistan, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan and Armenia from North, Td Iraq from West and Persian Gulf and Oman Sea from South. Iran has 31 provinces, 429 districts, 1245 cities and 2589 villages with a population of about 80 million people. Although mostly known as an arid country, the climatic variety has made Iran to a geographically diverse country, that’s why Iran is known as the land of four season.
    [Show full text]
  • (COVID- 19) in Iran
    The epidemiological trends of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran: February 19 to March 22, 2020 Dr. Farzan Madadizadeh Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Reyhane Sedkar ( [email protected] ) Department of Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Research Article Keywords: Respiratory illness, Coronavirus disease 2019, Primary health care, Epidemiology Posted Date: May 18th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29367/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/17 Abstract Background The Coronavirus has crossed the geographical borders of various countries without any restrictions. This study was performed to identify the epidemiological trends of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran during February 19 to March 22, 2020. Methods This cross sectional study was carried out in 31 provinces by using the daily number of newly infected cases which was announced by the Iranian health authorities from February 19 to March 22, 2020, we explore the trend of outbreak of coronavirus disease in all provinces of Iran and determine some inuential factors such as population size, area, population density, distance from original epicenter, altitude, and human development index (HDI) for each province on its spread by Spearman correlation coecient. K-means cluster analysis (KMCA) also categorized the provinces into 10 separate groups based on CF and ACF of the infected cases at the end of the study period. (ACF). Results There were 21,638 infected, 7,913 recovered and 2,299 death cases with COVID-19 in Iran during the study period.
    [Show full text]
  • An Etymological Study of Mythical Lakes in Iranian "Bundahišn"
    Advances in Language and Literary Studies ISSN: 2203-4714 Vol. 6 No. 6; December 2015 Australian International Academic Centre, Australia Flourishing Creativity & Literacy An Etymological Study of Mythical Lakes in Iranian Bundahišn Hossein Najari (Corresponding author) Shiraz University, Eram Square, Shiraz, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Zahra Mahjoub Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.6p.174 Received: 30/07/2015 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.6p.174 Accepted: 02/10/2015 Abstract One of the myth-making phenomena is lake, which has often a counterpart in reality. Regarding the possible limits of mythological lakes of Iranian Bundahišn, sometimes their place can be found in natural geography. Iranian Bundahišn, as one of the great works of Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, contains a large number of mythological geography names. This paper focuses on the mythical lakes of Iranian Bundahišn. Some of the mythical lakes are nominally comparable to the present lakes, but are geographically located in different places. Yet, in the present research attempt is made to match the mythical lakes of Iranian Bundahišn with natural lakes. Furthermore, they are studied in the light of etymological and mythological principles. The study indicates that mythical lakes are often both located in south and along the "Frāxkard Sea" and sometimes they correspond with the natural geography, according to the existing mythological points and current characteristics of the lakes. Keywords: mythological geography, Bundahišn, lake, Iranian studies, Middle Persian 1. Introduction Discovering the geographical location of mythical places in our present-day world is one of the most noteworthy matters for mythologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Parklane Elementary Global Forest Tree Walk
    Parklane Elementary Global Forest Tree Walk LEARNING LANDSCAPES Parklane Elementary Global Forest Tree Walk 2015 Learning Landscapes Site data collected in Summer 2014. Written by: Kat Davidson, Karl Dawson, Angie DiSalvo, Jim Gersbach and Jeremy Grotbo Portland Parks & Recreation Urban Forestry 503-823-TREE [email protected] http://portlandoregon.gov/parks/learninglandscapes Cover photos (from top left to bottom right): 1) Cones and foliage of a monkey puzzle tree. 2) The fall color of a Nothofagus alpina. 3) Cupressus dupreziana in its native range. 4) Students plant and water a young tree. 5) The infl orescence of a Muskogee crape myrtle. 6) Closeup of budding fl owers on a sycoparrotia twig. 7) The brightly-colored fruit of the igiri tree. 8) The fl ower of a Xanthoceras sorbifolium. ver. 1/30/2015 Portland Parks & Recreation 1120 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 1302 Portland, Oregon 97204 (503) 823-PLAY Commissioner Amanda Fritz www.PortlandParks.org Director Mike Abbaté The Learning Landscapes Program Parklane Elementary School The fi rst planting at the Parklane Elementary Global Forest Learning Landscape was in 1999, and since then, the collection has grown to nearly 80 trees. This tree walk identifi es trees planted as part of the Learning Landscape as well as other interesting specimens at the school. What is a Learning Landscape? A Learning Landscape is a collection of trees planted and cared for at a school by students, volunteers, and Portland Parks & Recreation (PP&R) Urban Forestry staff. Learning Landscapes offer an outdoor educational experience for students, as well as environmental and aesthetic benefi ts to the school and surrounding neighborhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Deciphering Oblique Shortening of Central Alborz in Iran Using Geodetic Data
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 223 (2004) 177–185 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Deciphering oblique shortening of central Alborz in Iran using geodetic data Ph. Vernanta,*, F. Nilforoushanb, J. Che´rya, R. Bayera, Y. Djamourb, F. Massona, H. Nankalib, J.-F. Ritza, M. Sedighib, F. Tavakolib a Laboratoire Dynamique de la Lithosphe`re, CNRS-Universite´ de Montpellier II, CC 060, 4 place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France b Geodetic Department, National Cartographic Center, PO Box 13185-1684, Meraj Av., Tehran, Iran Received 27 January 2004; received in revised form 16 April 2004; accepted 19 April 2004 Abstract The Alborz is a narrow (100 km) and elevated (3000 m) mountain belt which accommodates the differential motion between the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone in central Iran and the South Caspian basin. GPS measurements of 12 geodetic sites in Central Alborz between 2000 and 2002 allow to constrain the motion of the belt with respect to western Eurasia. One site velocity on the Caspian shoreline suggests that the South Caspian basin moves northwest at a rate of 6 F 2 mm/year with respect to western Eurasia. North–South shortening across the Alborz occurs at 5 F 2 mm/year. To the South, deformation seems to extend beyond the piedmont area, probably due to active thrusting on the Pishva fault. We also observe a left-lateral shear of the overall belt at a rate of 4 F 2 mm/year, consistent with the geological motion observed along E–W active strike-slip faults inside the belt (e.g., the Mosha fault).
    [Show full text]
  • Water Management in Jordan and Its Impact on Water Scarcity Hanan Al
    Water Management in Jordan and its Impact on Water Scarcity Hanan Al Omari Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science of Environmental Sustainability Institute of Environment Faculty of Science/Environment sustainability University of Ottawa © Hanan Al Omari, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 ABSTRACT Jordan is among the poorest countries in the world with respect to water resources. Water scarcity in Jordan is an alarming problem that can jeopardize the economy and the stability of the country. It is a multidimensional problem caused by many factors such as the fluctuation of annual precipitation rates, the rapid change in population caused by the refugee influx from neighbouring countries, and the economic situation of the country. The water scarcity problem is aggravated by limitations in water management. This research investigated the shortcomings of water management that contribute to water scarcity. It involves a literature review, a survey questionnaire and interviews. These methods aim to assess the current challenges that prompt water scarcity, understand the water management shortcomings and their causes, identify the existing government solutions for water scarcity, and propose a sustainable solution for this problem. The research finds that water management in Jordan has several shortcomings such as the lack of monitoring and controlling water resources and preventing illegal drilling, the incapability of the government to reduce the non-revenue water as a result of aged water network and water theft, and illegal practices of the agricultural and industrial sectors. This research proposed a solution that aim to mitigate water scarcity in Jordan by enhancing several management practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Orders of Magnitude (Length) - Wikipedia
    03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Orders of magnitude (length) The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths. Contents Overview Detailed list Subatomic Atomic to cellular Cellular to human scale Human to astronomical scale Astronomical less than 10 yoctometres 10 yoctometres 100 yoctometres 1 zeptometre 10 zeptometres 100 zeptometres 1 attometre 10 attometres 100 attometres 1 femtometre 10 femtometres 100 femtometres 1 picometre 10 picometres 100 picometres 1 nanometre 10 nanometres 100 nanometres 1 micrometre 10 micrometres 100 micrometres 1 millimetre 1 centimetre 1 decimetre Conversions Wavelengths Human-defined scales and structures Nature Astronomical 1 metre Conversions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length) 1/44 03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 decametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 hectometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 kilometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 10 kilometres Conversions Sports Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 kilometres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 1 megametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Geographical Astronomical 10 megametres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 megametres 1 gigametre
    [Show full text]
  • Genealogical Approach to the Role of Zoroastrianism in Ancient Iran's Education System
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(6)699-706, 2013 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2013, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Genealogical Approach to the Role of Zoroastrianism in Ancient Iran's Education System Homeyra Barzideh Phd Student of Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to evaluate discoursed and non-discoursed structures about Iran's history and Zoroastrianism and forming rules of educational discourse system by considering more comprehensive system of discourse system or knowledge formation (episteme) in Zoroaster era and after that. Present article has been written to evaluate role of Zoroastrianism in ancient Iran's education according to Michel Foucault's theories and his researches including archeology, genealogy and problem-identification. The processes of identity creation of a Zoroastrian on the basis of Zoroastrianism difference with similar religions, knowledge-based system formation, legal instructions in mentioned era, and the relations between knowledge and power had been reviewed. The results reveal that in spite of the existence of several local power centers, religious education system in ancient era was the only power that formed the truth and created knowledge. KEYWORDS: Iran's history, legal instructions, religious education system. 1. INTRODUCTION Foucault was a recent philosopher and sociologist who had introduced modern methods to evaluate social and historical systems. Power and its' related issues are the main notions of Foucault's thoughts. He used archeology and genealogy concepts to explain power. Every distinct fields of knowledge in any special era has divestive and affirmative rules that determine the question subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths
    Asian Social Science; Vol. 12, No. 6; 2016 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths Abolghasem Dadvar1 & Roya Rouzbahani1 1 Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University, Iran Correspondence: Roya Rouzbahani, Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 10, 2016 Accepted: March 7, 2016 Online Published: May 20, 2016 doi:10.5539/ass.v12n6p123 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p123 Abstract Nature has always been an important element of myths and religions and had a different standing within ideologies. Because various factors have been involved in creation of myths, this research aims to clarify the role of nature in creation of Iranian myths. Generally, the structure of Iranian myth is a kind of belief in duality of nature, in human and in the conflict forces existing in the world which best are expressed in the continued conflict between good and evil forces. Iran is a country with varied natural geography and can be called the land of great conflicts, so this paper aims to investigate the role of nature in the creation of Iranian myths and determine the effective natural and mythological forces. Data gathered by the documentary method and the research was performed by a descriptive, adaptive and analysis method. According to the results, this research concludes that natural elements play a significant role in the Iranian myth. Keywords: myth, nature, legend, Iran 1. Introduction Knowledge about myths can be very useful from the aspects of access to the basis and origin of limiting factors of mind and social behaviors or the stimulating and encouraging factors in the present time.
    [Show full text]