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Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality
REPORT BRIEF AUGUST 2011 .For more information visit www.iom.edu/vaccineadverseeffects Adverse Effects of Vaccines Evidence and Causality Immunizations are a cornerstone of the nation’s efforts to protect people from a host of infectious diseases. As required by the Food and Drug Admin- istration, vaccines are tested for safety before they enter the market, and their performance is continually evaluated to identify any risks that might appear over time. Vaccines are not free from side effects, or “adverse effects,” but most are very rare or very mild. Importantly, some adverse health problems following a vaccine may be due to coincidence and are not caused by the vaccine. As part of the evaluation of vaccines over time, researchers assess evidence to deter- As part of the evaluation of mine if adverse events following vaccination are causally linked to a specific vaccines over time, researchers vaccine, and if so, they are referred to as adverse effects. Under the National assess evidence to determine if Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Congress established the National Vac- adverse events following cine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) to provide compensation to peo- vaccination are causally linked to ple injured by vaccines. Anyone who thinks they or a family member—often a a specific vaccine, and if so, they are referred to as adverse effects. child—has been injured can file a claim. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that administers VICP, can use evidence that demonstrates a causal link between an adverse event and a vaccine to streamline the claim process. -
English Express
The Yearbook of the United Nations English Yearbook Express Express Volume 46 English Express The Yearbook Express features Yearbook chapter introductions, along with the report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization, for each year in question. Yearbook Express 1992 YEARBOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1992 Volume 46 Table of contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. v About the 1992 edition of the Yearbook ................................................................................................ xiv Abbreviations commonly used in the Yearbook ................................................................................... xv Explanatory note on documents ............................................................................................................ xvi Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization ................................................... 3 Part One: Political and security questions I. International peace and security ............................................................................................... 33 MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND STRENGTHENING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM, 33: Heads of State and Government Security Council summit, 33; “An agenda for peace”: preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, 35; Maintenance of international security, 41; Implementation of the 1970 Declaration, 42; Science and peace, 43. -
Vaccines and Autism: What You Should Know | Vaccine Education
Q A Vaccines and Autism: What you should know Volume& 1 Summer 2008 Some parents of children with autism are concerned that vaccines are the cause. Their concerns center on three areas: the combination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine; thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative previously contained in several vaccines; and the notion that babies receive too many vaccines too soon. Q. What are the symptoms of autism? Q. Does the MMR vaccine cause autism? A. Symptoms of autism, which typically appear during the A. No. In 1998, a British researcher named Andrew Wakefi eld fi rst few years of life, include diffi culties with behavior, social raised the notion that the MMR vaccine might cause autism. skills and communication. Specifi cally, children with autism In the medical journal The Lancet, he reported the stories of may have diffi culty interacting socially with parents, siblings eight children who developed autism and intestinal problems and other people; have diffi culty with transitions and need soon after receiving the MMR vaccine. To determine whether routine; engage in repetitive behaviors such as hand fl apping Wakefi eld’s suspicion was correct, researchers performed or rocking; display a preoccupation with activities or toys; a series of studies comparing hundreds of thousands of and suffer a heightened sensitivity to noise and sounds. children who had received the MMR vaccine with hundreds Autism spectrum disorders vary in the type and severity of of thousands who had never received the vaccine. They found the symptoms they cause, so two children with autism may that the risk of autism was the same in both groups. -
1996 Annual Report
Los Angeles Police Department Annual Report 1996 Mission Statement 1996 Mission Statement of the Los Angeles Police Department Our mission is to work in partnership with all of the diverse residential and business communities of the City, wherever people live, work, or visit, to enhance public safety and to reduce the fear and incidence of crime. By working jointly with the people of Los Angeles, the members of the Los Angeles Police Department and other public agencies, we act as leaders to protect and serve our community. To accomplish these goals our commitment is to serve everyone in Los Angeles with respect and dignity. Our mandate is to do so with honor and integrity. Los Angeles Mayor and City Council 1996 Richard J. Riordan, Mayor Los Angeles City Council Back Row (left to right): Nate Holden, 10th District; Rudy Svorinich, 15th District; Rita Walters, 9th District; Richard Alarcón, 7th District; Laura Chick, 3rd District; Hal Bernson, 12th District; Michael Feuer, 5th District; Mark Ridley-Thomas, 8th District; Jackie Goldberg, 13th District; Richard Alatorre, 14th District Front Row (left to right): Ruth Galanter, 6th District; Joel Wachs, 2nd District; John Ferraro, President, 4th District; Mike Hernandez, 1st District; Marvin Braude, President Pro-Tempore, 11th District Board of Police Commissioners 1996 Raymond C. Fisher, President Art Mattox, Vice-President Herbert F. Boeckmann II, Commissioner T. Warren Jackson, Commissioner Edith R. Perez, Commissioner Chief's Message 1996 As I review the past year, the most significant finding is that for the fourth straight year crime in the City of Los Angeles is down. -
Report of the Commi1tee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
REPORT OF THE COMMI1TEE ON THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: FORTY~THIRD SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 20 (A/43120) UNITED NATIONS REPORT OF THE COMMI1TEE ON THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: FORTY-THIRD SESSION SUPPL.EMENT No. 20 (A/43120) UNITED NATIONS New York, 1988 NOTE Symbols \lf United Natiuns documents lire composed ofcapitalleuers combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates 11 refr.rence to a United Nations document. (Original. English) [19 July 19881 CONTBNTS Paragraphs Page I. INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••••••• ~ ~ •••••••••••••• 1 - 16 1 11. RECOMMBNDATIONS AND DECISIONr. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 - 102 • A. Ways and means of maintaining outer spaQe for peaoeful purposes ••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 - 26 • B. Report of the Scientific and Teohnical Sub-committee on the work of its twenty-fifth session Implementation of the recomft~ndations ef the Seoond United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 - 76 6 1. Second United Nations Conferenoe ~ the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Spaoe ••••••••••••••••••• 33 - 51 7 2. Matters relating to remote sensing of the Barth by satellites, including, inter alia, applioations for developing countries ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 - 5~ 11 3. Use of nuclear power souroes 1n outer spaoe •••••••• 58 - 63 12 4. Space transportation .,ystems ....................... 64-66 13 S. Bxamination of the physical nature and teohnioal attributes of the qeostationary orbit. Examination of its utilization and applioations, inoludi"g, inter alia, in the field of spaae comm"nioations, as well as other questions relating to spaoe communications developments, taking partioular account of the needs and interests of developih 9 countries ..•..............•. -
Hearing Before the Committee on Government Reform
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 466 915 EC 309 063 TITLE Autism: Present Challenges, Future Needs--Why the Increased Rates? Hearing before the Committee on Government Reform. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session (April 6,2000). INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Government Reform. REPORT NO House-Hrg-106-180 PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 483p. AVAILABLE FROM Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402-9328. Tel: 202-512-1800. For full text: http://www.house.gov/reform. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF02/PC20 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Autism; *Child Health; Children; *Disease Control; *Etiology; Family Problems; Hearings; *Immunization Programs; Incidence; Influences; Parent Attitudes; *Preventive Medicine; Research Needs; Symptoms (Individual Disorders) IDENTIFIERS Congress 106th; Vaccination ABSTRACT This document contains the proceedings of a hearing on April 6, 2000, before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform. The hearing addressed the increasing rate of children diagnosed with autism, possible links between autism and childhood vaccinations, and future needs of these children. After opening statements by congressmen on the Committee, the statements and testimony of Kenneth Curtis, James Smythe, Shelley Reynolds, Jeana Smith, Scott Bono, and Dr. Wayne M. Danker, all parents of children with autism, are included. Their statements discuss symptoms of autism, vaccination concerns, family problems, financial concerns, and how parents can be helped. The statements and testimony of the second panel are then provided, including that of Andrew Wakefield, John O'Leary, Vijendra K. Singh, Coleen A. Boyle, Ben Schwartz, Paul A. -
1986 - -__ LRGISL&TIYE REFERENCE Authorizatioa €AGE XXEEFS APPRDPRIATION PAGE Nllclber5 House Senate Conference House Senate Conference Auth Auth Corn P.L
r v) CQ v) v) 0 S KEY TO PAGE NUMBERS UNDER LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE Page Nos. Description 1-6 Statistics 7 - 29 House Authorization Committee Report 30 - 64 Senate Authorization Committee Report 65 - 69 House Appropriation Committee Report 70 - 77 Senate Appropriation Committee Report 78 - 93 Emergency Powers to Eliminate Deficits in Excess of Maximum Deficit Amount FISCAL YEAR 1986 -_-__ LRGISL&TIYE REFERENCE AUTHORiZATiOA €AGE XXEEFS APPRDPRIATION PAGE NllClBER5 House Senate Conference House Senate Conference Auth Auth corn P.L. Appro!? APproP Corn P.L. P.L. 1t-rn Statistics Comm comm (Auth) 99-170 corn corn (Approp) 99-160 99-177 Summary by ApDropriation.. ............... 7 30 Research and wvelopment ................. 7.8.20 31 Space station.......................... ......... 2' Space Transportation Capability Development...... .................... 8 33-35 Physics and Astronomy... ............... 9 35-39 Life Sciences.......................... --- 39,40 Planetary Exploration.................. --- 40-43 Space Applications..................... 9,15 43-48 Technology Utili.ation ................. --- 40 C-ercial Vie of Space...... .......... 10.18 48,49 Aeronautical Research and Technology... 10 49-52 Space Research and Technology.... ...... --- 52 Tracking and Data Advanced Systems.. ... --- 52 Space Flight, Control and Data Conmunications......................... 7.10.20 52 space Shuttle Prodmction and Operational Capability............... 10.11 52-54 Space Transportation operations........ 11 54.55 Space and Ground Network Comunications and Data Systems..................... 11 55-57 Construction of Facilities..... .......... 7,11,20,21 57 Space Flight Facilities.. .............. 20 57 Space Shuttle Payload Facilities 20 57 Ames Research Center ................... 20 57 Goddard Space Flight Center ............ 20 57 Jet Propulsion Laboratory. ............. 20,21 57 Langley Research Center ................ 20 57 Various Locations...................... 21 57 RepaiT ........................ -
Addressing the Justifications for Vaccine Denial and Applying The
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Honors Program Theses Honors Program 2016 A healthy herd: addressing the justifications for accinev denial and applying the health belief model to the current anti- vaccination movement Sarah L. McHugh University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2016 Sarah L. McHugh Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/hpt Part of the Infectious Disease Commons, and the Preventive Medicine Commons Recommended Citation McHugh, Sarah L., "A healthy herd: addressing the justifications for accinev denial and applying the health belief model to the current anti-vaccination movement" (2016). Honors Program Theses. 225. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/hpt/225 This Open Access Honors Program Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Program Theses by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A HEALTHY HERD: ADDRESSING THE JUSTIFICATIONS FOR VACCINE DENIAL AND APPLYING THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL TO THE CURRENT ANTI- VACCINATION MOVEMENT A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Designation University Honors with Distinction Sarah L. McHugh University of Northern Iowa May 2016 This Study by: Sarah L. McHugh Entitled: A Healthy Herd: Addressing the Justifications for Vaccine Denial and Applying the Health Belief Model to the Current Anti-vaccination Movement has been approved as meeting the thesis or project requirement for the Designation University Honors with Distinction __________ ______________________________________________________ Date Dr. Thomas Davis, Honors Thesis Advisor, Division of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Physical Education and Leisure Services __________ ______________________________________________________ Date Dr. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Naming L.A.: Ethnic Diversity and the Politics of Urban Development Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z2256zw Author Sheth, Anup Arvind Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Naming L.A.: Ethnic Diversity and the Politics of Urban Development A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Anup Arvind Sheth 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Naming L.A.: Ethnic Diversity and the Politics of Urban Development by Anup Arvind Sheth Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Jack Katz, Chair My dissertation explains why local governments in Los Angeles have given certain neighborhoods ethnic place names which are publicly manifested in street and freeways signs. Over the past decade in Los Angeles, as in many cities across the United States, ethnic activists and businesses have lobbied local governments for official designations that publicly acknowledge their presence in a neighborhood. Yet ethnic place names have been adopted predominantly in neighborhoods where Latinos represent a majority. Street and freeway signs throughout the city promote the public identity of places such as Thai Town, Little Ethiopia, and Little Armenia, neighborhoods in which the ‘official’ immigrant community is in the minority. ii Employing comparative historical and ethnographic methods, I find that demographic changes initiated by immigration reform and the social movements of the 1960’s have established a new ‘collective act’ responsible for shaping the public identity of ethnic spaces in Los Angeles. -
SCIENCE and HEALTH MISINFORMATION in the DIGITAL AGE: How Does It Spread? Who Is Vulnerable? How Do We Fight It?
SCIENCE AND HEALTH MISINFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: How does it spread? Who is vulnerable? How do we fight it? ERIC MERKLEY & PETER LOEWEN J U LY, 2021 ABOUT PPF Good Policy. Better Canada. The Public Policy Forum builds bridges among diverse participants in the policy-making process and gives them a platform to examine issues, offer new perspectives and feed fresh ideas into critical policy discussions. We believe good policy is critical to making a better Canada—a country that’s cohesive, prosperous and secure. We contribute by: . Conducting research on critical issues . Convening candid dialogues on research subjects . Recognizing exceptional leaders Our approach—called Inclusion to Conclusion—brings emerging and established voices to policy conversations, which informs conclusions that identify obstacles to success and pathways forward. PPF is an independent, non-partisan charity whose members are a diverse group of private, public and non-profit organizations. ppforum.ca @ppforumca © 2021, Public Policy Forum 1400 - 130 Albert Street Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1P 5G4 613.238.7858 ISBN: 978-1-77452-085-7 WITH THANKS TO OUR PARTNERS ABOUT THE AUTHORS ERIC MERKLEY Eric Merkley (PhD, UBC) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto. He was the lead survey analyst of the Media Ecosystem Observatory, which studied the Canadian information ecosystem and public opinion during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Digital Democracy Project, which studied misinformation and public attitudes during the 2019 Canadian federal election. His research focuses on the link between political elite behaviour, the news media, and public opinion. -
IN the UNITED STATES COURT of FEDERAL CLAIMS OFFICE of SPECIAL MASTERS No. 01-162V Filed: February 12, 2009 to Be Published
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS No. 01-162V Filed: February 12, 2009 To Be Published * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * COLTEN SNYDER, by and through * KATHRYN SNYDER and JOSEPH SNYDER, * his natural guardians and next friends * Omnibus Autism * Proceeding; * Autism Spectrum Disorder, * Pervasive Developmental * Disorder, Causation, Petitioners, * Measles, MMR, Mercury, * Thimerosal, Waiver v. * Applying Daubert, * Weight of Expert Opinions, SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT * Credibility of Witnesses OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, * * Respondent. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Christopher W. Wickersham, Sr., Esq., Lloyd Bowers, Esq., and Thomas B. Powers, Esq., for petitioners. Alexis S. Babcock, Esq., Katherine Esposito, Esq., Voris Johnson, Esq., and Vincent Matanoski, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent. DECISION1 Vowell, Special Master: On March 22, 2001, Kathryn and Joseph Snyder [“petitioners”] filed a petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. 1 Vaccine Rule 18(b) provides the parties 14 days to request redaction of any material “(i) which is trade secret or commercial or financial information which is privileged and confidential, or (ii) which are medical files and similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” 42 U.S.C. § 300aa12(d)(4)(B). Petitioners have waived their right to request such redaction. See Petitioners’ Notice to W aive the 14-Day “W aiting” Period as Defined in Vaccine Rule 18(b), filed December 2, 2008. Respondent also waived the right to object to the disclosure of information submitted by respondent. See Respondent’s Consent to Disclosure, filed January 14, 2009. Accordingly, this decision will be publicly available immediately after it is filed. -
Biotechnology and Consumer Decision-Making
SAX (DO NOT DELETE) 2/16/2017 2:44 PM Biotechnology and Consumer Decision-Making Joanna K. Sax* ABSTRACT Society is facing major challenges in climate change, health care and overall quality of life. Scientific advances to address these areas continue to grow, with overwhelming evidence that the application of highly tested forms of biotechnology is safe and effective. Despite scientific consensus in these areas, consumers appear reluctant to support their use. Research that helps to understand consumer decision-making and the public’s resistance to biotechnologies such as vaccines, fluoridated water programs and genetically engineered food, will provide great social value. This article is forward-thinking in that it suggests that important research in behavioral decision-making, specifically affect and ambiguity, can be used to help consumers make informed choices about major applications of biotechnology. This article highlights some of the most controversial examples: vaccinations, genetically engineered food, rbST treated dairy cows, fluoridated water, and embryonic stem cell research. In many of these areas, consumers perceive the risks as high, but the experts calculate the risks as low. Four major thematic approaches are proposed to create a roadmap for policymakers to consider for policy design and implementation in controversial areas of biotechnology. This article articulates future directions for studies that implement decision-making research to allow consumers to appropriately assign risk to their options and make informed decisions. * Visiting Faculty Member, James E. Rogers College of Law – University of Arizona (Fall 2016); Professor of Law, California Western School of Law; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.