1986 - -__ LRGISL&TIYE REFERENCE Authorizatioa €AGE XXEEFS APPRDPRIATION PAGE Nllclber5 House Senate Conference House Senate Conference Auth Auth Corn P.L

v) CQ

v) v) 0 S KEY TO PAGE NUMBERS UNDER LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE

Page Nos. Description

1-6 Statistics

7 - 29 House Authorization Committee Report

30 - 64 Senate Authorization Committee Report

65 - 69 House Appropriation Committee Report

70 - 77 Senate Appropriation Committee Report

78 - 93 Emergency Powers to Eliminate Deficits in Excess of Maximum Deficit Amount FISCAL YEAR 1986 -_-__ LRGISL&TIYE REFERENCE AUTHORiZATiOA €AGE XXEEFS APPRDPRIATION PAGE NllClBER5 House Senate Conference House Senate Conference Auth Auth corn P.L. Appro!? APproP Corn P.L. P.L. 1t-rn Statistics Comm comm (Auth) 99-170 corn corn (Approp) 99-160 99-177

Summary by ApDropriation...... 7 30

Research and wvelopment ...... 7.8.20 31 Space station...... 2' Space Transportation Capability Development...... 8 33-35 Physics and Astronomy...... 9 35-39 Life Sciences...... --- 39,40 Planetary Exploration...... --- 40-43 Space Applications...... 9,15 43-48 Technology Utili.ation ...... --- 40 C-ercial Vie of Space...... 10.18 48,49 Aeronautical Research and Technology... 10 49-52 Space Research and Technology...... --- 52 Tracking and Data Advanced Systems.. ... --- 52

Space Flight, Control and Data Conmunications...... 7.10.20 52 space Shuttle Prodmction and Operational Capability...... 10.11 52-54 Space Transportation operations...... 11 54.55 Space and Ground Network Comunications and Data Systems...... 11 55-57

Construction of Facilities...... 7,11,20,21 57 Space Flight Facilities...... 20 57 Space Shuttle Payload Facilities 20 57 Ames Research Center ...... 20 57 Goddard Space Flight Center ...... 20 57 Jet Propulsion Laboratory...... 20,21 57 Langley Research Center ...... 20 57 Various Locations...... 21 57 RepaiT ...... 21 57 Rehabilitation and Modification 21 57 MinDr COr.Ct'UCtL"I ...... 21 57 Facility P1annir.g and -5i3 21 57

mseaxh ana ProTrnm Management...... 7.11.21 57-58

Other Items ~n Committee Reports Language Amendments...... 1, --- Committee Views ...... 7,8,28,29 58.60 Regulatory Impact t..... --- 59- Sectional Analysis ...... 24 59 Cost and Budget Da ...... 27 59 Effect of Legislation on Inflati 26 --- Change's in 2xriitii.q L-ii ?!*de b;, eiii as RepcBrtrd...... 26 59 oversight Fudinys and Recommendations. 27.28 --- Congressional Budget Office - Cost Estimate ...... 77 58 ,."30 --- 13 --- Shuttle Prxing pulicy., ...... --- 58

General Provisions Limitations and Ley151ative Provisions. --- Inflationary Impact Statement...... --- Tran$fer/Reciss~onof Funds ...... --- Change in Application of Existino 1. --- Comparison with BUdqet Resolution.. ---

Emergency rnWeTS ...... --- 78-93

Prepared by: Comptroller inetltutional Program Analysis Division Code 81 453-2212 NATIOIIU M-IRICS NO SPACS ADIIIIIE?llATIOll Paqe 1 ChrOnOlOqlCal History of the FY 1986 Budqet Submlsslon (In thousand5 of dollars) -______AUTHORIZATION APPROPRIATION House Comm. House Floor Senate Comm. Senate Floor Conf. Comm. House Corn. House Flwr Senate Corn. Senate Floor Conf. corn. Inltlll H.R. 1114 4.R. 1114 H.R. 1114 H.R. 1114 P.L. 99-110 Difference H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 P.L. 99-160 Difference Difference 8Ydn-t Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-379 From Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-129 Rpt. 99-129 Rpt. 99-363 Frm FP3Ci s~~~)~Js~~~3-28-85 3-28-85 6-24-85 6-24-85 11-19-85 Budget 7-18-85 1-25-85 8-28-85 10-18-85 11-8-85 Budget Budget Item to Congress Appd. 3-28-85 Appd. 4-2-R5 Appd. 6-24-95 Appd. 6-21-R5 ApPd. 12-5-85 Submission Appd. 7-18-85 Appd. 1-25-85 Appd. 8-28-85 Appd. 10-18-85 Appd. 11-25-85 S~bmls~ionAuthorization

Total Appropriatrons:

R~SC.=O~ and ~eveio~me~t...... 2,881,800 2.862.8oo 2,862,800 2,155,800 2.755.800 2,786,800 -95,000 2,156,800 2.i56,eoo 2.i90.800 2,145,300 2.i56.800 -125,ooo -30,ooo Space Flight, Control and Data Comnications ...... 3,509,900 3,529,900 3,529,900 3,386,900 3,386,900 3,372,900 -131,000 3,402,900 3,402,900 3,412,900 3,345,700 3,397,900 -112,000 25,000 Construction of Facilities ...... 149,300 148,300 148.300 139,300 139,300 139,300 -10,000 139.300 139,300 141,300 139,700 139,300 -10,000 --- Research and Program Manaqement.. 1,345,000 1,345,000 1.300.000 1.310.000 1.310.000 1,361,000 22,000 1,361,000 1,361,000 1,310,000 1,339,900 1,362,000 11,000 -5,000 Undistributed ...... -_- ___ -330,30d' ___ --_ _-- --- ______-__ -_------Total.NASA ...... 1,886,000 1.886.000 1,510,100 1.~r52.000 7,652,000 7.666.000 -220,000 1,666,000 7,666,000 7,715,000 1,510,600 1.656.000 -230,000 -10,000

RLD Appropriation: oss ...... 230.000 2~0,ooo 230,000 200.00n 200,000 205,000 -25.000 200.000 200.000 210.000 205.000 205.000 -25,000 -- OSF...... 459.300 444,300 444,300 417.200 411,200 431,300 -22,000 444,300 444,300 444,300 444,300 439,300 -20,000 2,000 OSSA ...... 1,613,200 1.619.200.. 1.619.200 1,533,400 1,533,400 1,580,200 -33,000 1,546,200 1,546,200 1,565,200 1,555,200 1,547,200 -66,000 -33,000 OAST ...... 522,000 522,000 522,000 504.400 504,400 520.000 -2.000 522,000 522,000 522,000 ' 522,000 522,000 -- 2,000 DSTDS ...... 16,200 16,200 16,200 14,800 14.800 16,200 --- 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 -- -- OCP ...... 41,100 31,100 31.100 26.000 26.000 28.100 -13,000 28,100 28. loo 33 * 100 33,100 28,100 -13,000 --- Undistributed Reduction of 1.18.. -_ --_ --- -__ ------30,50&' ------Ceneral X%duction ...... --- ___ -__ ------1,000 -1,000 -1,000

Total, RLD ...... 2,755,800 2,155,800 2,786,800 -95,000 2,756,800 2,756,800 2,790,800 2,145,300 2,756,800 -125,000 -30,000

SPCLDC APDTODrlatLOn: DSTS ...... 2.701.600 2,126,600 2,126,600 2,641.600 2,641,600 2,611,600 -30,000 2,101,600 2,101,600 2,101,600 2,681.600 2,701,600 -- 30,000 eo3.300 R03.300 145,300 745.300 101,300 -101,000 101,300 701,300 711.300 701,300 701.300 -107,000 ------_------31,20& -- - -- Ceneral Reduction ...... -__ -_------_ --_ ------5.000 -5,000 -5,000

mtal.s~cLcx ...... 3.509.900 3.529.900 3,529,900 3.1~6.900 3,386,900 3,312,900 -13i.000 3,402,900 3,402,900 3,412,900 3,345,700 3,391,900 -112,000 25,000

COF Appt'0p~i~ti0n: OSF ...... 31.100 31,100 31,100 31,100 31,100 31.100 --- 31.100 31.100 24,600 24,600 31,100 - -- OSSA ...... 20,100 20,700 20,100 20,100 20,100 20,100 --- 20,100 20,700 20,700 20,700 20,700 ------13. ion 13,100 13,100 13,100 13,100 -- 13,100 13,100 13,100 13,100 13,100 -- - OSTDS ...... 17,400 17,400 11,400 17,400 11,400 11,400 --- 11,400 17,400 11,400 11,400 11,400 ------on ...... *7.000 67.000 67.000 61.000 67,000 61.000 -- 61,000 61,000 61.000 61,000 61,000 -- -- -1.000 -1.000 -10.000 -10,000 -10,000 -10,000 -10,000 -10.000 -1,500 -3,100 -10,000 -10,000 ---

Total, COT ...... 149,300 148,300 149,300 139,300 139.300 139,300 -10,000 139,300 139,300 141,300 139,700 139,300 -10,000 --

R6N RPDrOPTl=tlO"...... 1,345,000 1,345,000 1.300,oOo 1.310.000 1,310,000 1.361.000 22,000 1,361,000 1,361,000 1,310,000 1,339,900 1,362,000 11,000 -5,000 Undistributed ...... ------330,30c' --_ --_ --_ ------_ ------TOTAL.NE.A ...... 7,886,000 7.886.000 7.510.700 7.652.000 1,652.000 7.666.000 -220,000 7,666,000 1,666,000 7,715,000 7,570,600 i.656.000 -23o.000 -10,ooo ___ ----_ ~ ____.___ __ ~___

l/ Undistributed reduction to freeze 86 budget at 85 level. ?/ Undlscributed reduction of 1.1% i,ffr,cl,ii 1I.I. 3u:Y E.P. 3038 V.E. io33 ::.p.. 1038 P.L e9-w nrfference olfrerence ~m- Dn* 99-71? Rnt. 99-212 RDt. 99-129 Rpt. 99-129 Rpt. 99-363 From From Budget 7-18-85 1-25-85 8-28-85 10-18-85 11-8-85 Budget Budget s~bm15sxon Rppd. 1-18-55 Rppd. 7-25-65 Rppd. 8-28-85 Rp~d.'D--'FI-85 Rppd. 71-25-85 SUbmlsslon Authorization ......

Rescarch an.> ncvelopme-r.. ... 2,RR 1 ,ROO 2.862.800 2,755,800 2.155.800 2.7R6.800 -g5,ooo 2,756,800 2,756,800 2,790,800 2,745,300 2,756,800 -125,000 -30,ooo ...... - ~~ 253 space stnflo" ...... 230.000 230.000 200.000 200,000 205.00P -25,000 200,000 200,ooo 210.000 205,000 1u5,eoe -25. 000 __- 253 Space TranSpnrtatlon CapdbllIty Dp"~lnpmpnt.... 459,300 444,300 477.2nO 471,200 431.300 -22,000 444,300 444,300 444,300 444,300 439,300 -20,000 2,000 254 Physic,, ~ndistrcmomy...... 630.4011 637.4~ fine.400 608,400 620.400 -io.aoo 605,400 605.400 620.400 610.400 605,400 -25.000 -15.000 254 ~lf?SC,~~C~S ...... 72,nno 12,000 68.000 68.000 68.000 -4.000 68.000 68.000 70.000 70,000 68.000 -4.000 _-- 254 planetary rat^^^ ...... 359,ono 359,nno 349.000 349.000 354,000 -5.0~0 354,000 354,000 354.000 354,000 354,000 -5,000 --- 254 space .ppl,c.2,"ns ...... 551.*on 550,800 soe.non 508,000 537,ROO -14.000 518,800 518.800 520,800 520.800 519,800 -32,000 -18.000 254 Technology IltilLratiori...... 11.100 11, IO" 9,500 9,500 11.100 ___ 11.100 1?.1ao 11,100 11,100 11,100 _-- --- 254 comnerc,a1 11se of space ..... 30,0011 20.000 16,500 16.500 17,000 -1 3,000 17,000 17,000 22,000 22,000 17,000 -13,000 _-- 402 UPrOnaUtLCal Research and Technology ...... 354,'10" 354.000 354,1100 350.40n 350.400 354,000 ___ 354,000 354,000 354,000 354.000 354,000 _-- --- 254 Space ReSearch and Trchnoloqy ...... 1611.1100 168,000 168,000 154,000 154.000 166.000 -2,000 168,000 168,000 168.000 168.000 168,000 _-- 2,000 255 Trackrnq and Data Rdvdncrd Systems ...... 16.ZnO 16,200 16.200 14.R00 14.800 16,200 _-- 16,200 16.200 16,200 16,200 16,200 ------Undistrihutrd Reduction Of 1/1\ ...... __. __. .._ ___ --- ___ __- -30,50&' __- _-- --- GCner2.1 u~.d"Ct,Ol ...... _.. _.. ___ .______-1,000 -1,000 -1,000

Space Flight. Control and -137.000 3,402,900 3,402,900 3,412,900 3,345,700 3,397,900 -112.000 25,000 aata .....~~~~~.~~~t~~~~ ~.~...... ).~nq,onn 3.52q.wn 529.900 ~.3,386.900 386,900 1,372,900 ..~ 253 Space ShUtrl? Production and Operational Capability 916.500 1.311.500 1,011,500 941.500 941.500 961,500 -15.000 976.500 976,500 976,500 956.500 976,500 _-- 15,000 253 Space 1rdn.puiIdL1~11 oPeTdzions ...... 1,725,100 1.715.1~0 i,i15,1nc -15.aoa 1,725,100 1,725,100 1.1~5,iuo 1,725,100 1,725.100 _-- 15,000 255 Space and Ground Networ4. comunxcat,onS ani nard -1o7.000 7oi.m 701,300 711,300 701,300 701.300 -107.000 sy5tein*...... riO8.300 803,300. 803,300 145.300 745,300 701.300 -_ Uni?istrihutril R~c3uctl0n .__ .__ -37.20d' Of 1. 19...... _. ~.. ______-- __- _-- General RrAorfinn...... ___ .__ ... ______.._ ._- -5,000 -5,600 -5.03C

..... - 139,300 139,300 139,300 139,300 141,300 139,700 139,300 29,900 29,900- 29.901) lY.9"" 23,400 23,330 29.900 space Shuttle Payload FacLlItl-s. 1,200 1,200 1.1ou 1.2"" 1,200 1.200 1.209 0 7"" Amps Research Cent-r ...... ,l.l%l I-I- -"" P 7"O 1.700 8,200 8,200 8,200 8,200 8.200 ioddard space Flight Center ...... 7 1 ,Y"" 11.RO11 11,800 11.800 11.800 11.800 11.800 11.800 11,800 lI,M"" Jet PTop~lSiOnLaboratory ...... 9,900 8.900 8.900 8.900 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 8.900 8,900 Ldngley XcsearCh Center ...... 4,90G a,av 1,900 4,qno 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 "ar,""s LDcaflODS ...... 17.400 1i.400 17,400 17,400 11,400 17,400 17.400 11,400 17,400 17,400 Repair ...... 22.0110 22.000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 Rehahllitatron and YodlfIcatlon.. 21,000 27,000 27,000 27.000 27.000 21,000 21,000 21,000 27,000 27,000 C,",lll , "^^ "LnOr CO"St~~Ctl"I...... 6,ililil 0.""" 5.002 6.00'2 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 Facility P1annir.q a??, Dcz: ;l.... '2."8. .I 12.000 .-I-,"yI ""n '2.000 72.0nn 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 ... Co"gre%io"al iict1oll ...... -1.000 -10,ono - 10,000 -10.000 - 10, 000 -10.000 -1.500 -3,100 -10,000

Research an13 YrOqial "anayrmrrlr...... -j;;,;;; ?,225,?CC 1 ._"",-"* 3 ?~n,nn~ ?,>7n nnn 1 7h7.000 22.000 1,367,000 1,367,000 1.370.000 1,339.900 1,362,000 17,000 -5,000 IlndrPr~ibUtrd...... _ _.- -330,30d' --- __- ______--______. ------

nnlnl,,y~Sn...... 7.RR6.000 l.RR6.000 1,510,700 1,652,000 7,652,000 7,666,000 -220,000 1,666.O0? 1.66b.000 7,715,000 l.SlU.600 7,656,000 -230,000 -10,000

~ - ___~______.- ~ -I/ Undistributed reduction to freeze 86 budqet at R5 level -2/ Undistributed reduction of 1.10. ItWXOIIW IL-XCS M SPAQ -1STIIATIaI P.ge 3 Chronological History of the FY 1986 Budget Submission (In thousands of dollars)

AUTHORIZATION APPROPRIATION House Conm. Ilouse Floor Senate Corn. Senate Flonr Conf. Corn. HOUPe Corn. House Flmr Senate Corn. Senate Floor Conf. Corn. IDltlal H.R. 1114 H.R. 1114 H.R. 1114 H.R. 1714 P.L. 99-110 Difference H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 P.L. 99-160 Difference Differen- Budget Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-379 From Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-129 Rpt 99-129 Rpt. 99-363 From PZOI Submis~ion 3-28-85 3-28-85 6- 2 4-8 5 6-24-85 11-19-85 Budget 7-18-85 7-25-85 8-28-85 10-18-85 11-8-85 Budget mdpt Item to congre*s Appd. 3-28-85 Appd. 4-2-85 Appd. 6-24-85 Appd. 6-27-85 Appd. 12-5-85 Submission Appd. 7-18-85 Appd. 7-25-85 Appd. 8-28-85 Appd. 10-18-85 Appd. 11-25-85 Suhission Authoriza%i.ioll

Research and Development...... 2,881,800 2,862,800 2,862,800 2,755,800 2,155,800 2,786,800 -95,000 2,756,800 2,756,800 2,790,800 2,745,300 2,756,800 -125,000 -30,000

office of space statmn...... 230,000 23o.000 230.000 200,000 200.000 205,000 -25,ooo 200.000 200,000 2 10,000 205,000 205,000 -25,000 - 253 space statlon...... 230,000 2~n.oan 230,000 200,000 200,000 205,000 -25.000 200,000 200,000 210,000 205,000 205,000 -25,000 - utlilzatlon...... i5.000 15.000 15.000 15,000 15,000 15,000 --_ is.000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 --- -- Advance4 Development ...... q2.000 82,000 82,000 82.000 82,000 82,000 --- 82,000 82,000 82,000 82,000 82,000 -- -- Program Uanage~ntlIntegration 52,000 52,000 52,000 52.000 52,000 52,000 -_- 52,000 52,000 52,000 52,000 52,000 --- I- Operational Readiness...... 7.000 7.000 1,000 7.000 7,000 7,000 ___ 7,000 7,000 7.000 7.000 7,000 -- -_ Systems Definition...... 74,000 74.000 74,000 74,000 74,000 14,000 --- 74.000 74,000 74,000 74,000 74,000 -- _-- Congressional Action...... --- ___ --- -3o.000 -30.000 -25,000 -25,000 -30,000 -30,000 -20,000 -25,000 -25,000 -25,000 -

Office of Space Fliqht ...... 459,101 444.300 444.300 411.200 417,200 417.300 -22,000 444.300 444.300 4U, 300 444.300 439,300 -20,000 2.000 251 Swce TranspOrtdt1on Capability Developcnt ...... 459,300 444,300 444.300 417,200 471,200 437,300 444,300 444.300 444,300 444,300 439,300 -20,000 2,000 Spacelab ...... 96.700 91,700 91,700 96,700 96.700 96,700 96.700 96,700 96.700 %,700 %,loo -- -- Upper Staqr, ...... 122,000 12 2,000 122.000 174.400 174,400 122,000 122,000 122,000 122,000 122,000 122,000 -- --- Engineerin9 and Tecnnical Base...... 109,700 109,100 109,700 109.700 109,700 109,700 109,700 109,700 109,700 109,700 109,700 -- -- Payload qwrrrlonr and SUpprt Equulprent ...... 63.900 60.900 60.900 63.900 61.900 60,900 -3.000 63,900 63.900 63,900 63,900 63,900 - -3,000 Advanced Rnqrms...... 21,000 2 1.000 2 1 ,000 21.000 21,000 21,000 --- 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 21.000 _I - Tethered SatClllte System ... 21,000 14,000 14.000 14,000 14.000 14,000 -7.000 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 -- 7,000 Orbital uanruvcrinq Vent-le. 25.onn 25,000 25.000 10.000 10.000 13,000 - 12,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10.000 -15,000 3,000 Congressional Actinn...... ___ --- -_- -12,500 -12,500 ------Cenqrs1 WCdUCtLO"...... -__ _------_ ------_ ------5,000 -5,000 -5.000

Off LCC of SWCC Scmnce and A~llc~tion...... 1,6 13,200 1.619.2no 1,619,ZOO 1.533.400 1,533.400 1,580,200 -33,000 1,546,200 1,546.200 1,565.200 1,555.200 1,547.200 46.000 -33,000 254 Physics and Astronomy...... 530,400 637,400 637.400 608.400 608.400 620,400 -10,000 605,400 605,400 620,400 610,400 605,400 -25,000 -15.000 Hubble Space Telescope De"el0pme"t ...... 127,800 127,800 121,800 127,800 127.800 127, BOO --- 127,800 127,800 127,800 127,800 127,800 I- Gl- Ray Observatory Development ...... 87.300 87.300 87.300 87,300 87.300 87,300 --_ 87.300 87.300 87,300 87,300 87,300 -- Shuttle/Spacalab Payload Devclopacnt and U~LILO~ U.naqe.e"t ...... 135,500 135,500 135,500 120,500 120,500 125,500 -10,000 110,500 110,500 125,500 115.500 110,500 Explorer DevelOplLnt ...... 55,200 ~5.200 55,200 55,200 55,200 55,200 --- 55.200 55,200 55,200 55,200 55,200 Mxsston operations and Data Analysis...... 119.900 119,900 119,900 119,900 119,900 119,900 --- 119,900 119,900 119,900 119,900 119,900 Research and Annalyorr ...... 42,300 49,300 49,300 42,300 42,300 42,300 --- 42,300 42,300 42,300 42.300 42,300 Suborbital Proqran...... 62.400 62,400 62,400 62.400 62,400 62,400 --- 62,400 62,400 62.400 62,400 62,400 Congressional Actmn...... ------_- -7,000 -7,000 ------

254 Life sclencen...... 72,000 12,000 72.000 68,000 68.000 68.000 -4,000 68.000 68.000 70,000 70,000 68.000 -4,000 -- Life Sciences Flight Experiments ...... 33.400 33.400 33.400 33,100 33,400 33,400 -__ ' 33,400 33,400 33.400 33,400 33,400 -- -- Research and Analysis ...... 38,600 38,600 38,600 38.600 3n.600 38,600 --- 38,600 38,600 38,600 38,600 38,COO ------Congressional Action...... -__ ___ -__ -4.000 -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 -4.000 -4,000 -2,000 -2,000 -4.000 -4,000 --

254 Planetary Exploration ...... 359,000 359,000 359,000 349.000 349,000 354,000 -5.000 354.000 154,000 354,000 354,000 354,000 -5,000 -I Galileo Development ...... 39.700 39,700 39,ion 39,700 39,700 39,100 --_ 39,700 39,100 39,700 39,700 39,100 ------Venus Radar Mapper ...... 112.000 112, on0 112.000 112,000 112,000 112,000 --- 112.000 112.000 112.000 112.000 112.000~. -- -- Ulysses IISPMI...... 5.600 5,600 5.600 5.600 5,600 5,600 --- 5.600 5.600 5,600 5,600 5,600 ------Mars Observer (UGCOI...... 43,800 43.800 43, 800 33.800 33.800 38,800 -5,000 38,800 38,800 38.800 38.800 38.800 -5,000 -- Mission Operations and nata ~nai~~~s...... 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95.000 95.000 --_ 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 ------Research and Analysis ...... 62,900 62,900 62.900 62,900 62.900 62,900 ___ 62,900 62,900 62,900 62,900 62,900 ------Page 4 Chronological History of the FY 1986 Budqet Submission (In thousands of dol!arsl

.. _I... 1"ltldl H.R. 1114 H.k. ti#* 11.n...... II .* :: ? 3774 P.T. 99-170 Difference H.R. 3038 E.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.H. 3038 P.L. 99-160 Vlfference Difference Fro. From Butlqrt Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-379 Prom Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-212 npr. Xpt. !2? %"F 99-76' 1-25-85 8-28-855;-;22 10-18-8577 11-8-85 Subrnissiun 3-28-85 3-28-85 6-24-85 6-24-85 11-19-85 Budget 1-18-85 Budget eudqet Appd. 1-28-85 kppd. 4-2-85 Appd. 6-24-85 Appd. 6-27-85 Appd. 12-5-85 SUbmiSSIon Rppd. 7-18-65 Appd. 7-25-85 Appd. 8-28-85 Appd- 10-18-85 Appd. 11-25-85 Submnlssron Authoriratinn I tern to Congress 520.800 520,800 5 19.800 -32,000 -18.000 254 Space I\ppllcatlons ...... 551,800 550.80~550.800 508.000 508,000 537,800 -14,000 518,800 518,800 solid Earth Observations .... 74.900 74,900 74,900 70,600 10,600 14,900 -__ 74,900 74,900 74.900 74,900 --- --_ 74,900 -21,000 -21,000 Environmental ObserYatmnS.. 317,500 316.500 316,500 291,000 291.000 31 1,500 -6.000 281.500 281.500 296.500 296,500 290,500 naterlalS PrOce551"q I" 36,000 36,000 34,000 34,000 34,000 -2,000 space ...... 34,000 34,000 34,000 34,000 34.000 36,000 +2.000 --- 96,200 96.200 101,200 -5,000 -_- romm~nl~.tl~n~...... 106.200 106,200 106.200 96,200 96.200 101,200 -5,000 101.200 101,200 --- Information Systems...... 19.200 19,200 19,200 16,200 16,200 19,200 -_- 19.200 19,200 19,200 19,200 19,200 -- _-- --- 5.000 General Reduction ...... ___ -__ __. --_ ___ -5,000 -5.000 _-- __- _-_ --_ 33.100 28,100 -13,000 Offlse of Comerclal Programs.. . 41,100 31,100 31,100 26,000 26,000 28,100 -11.000 28,100 28,100 33,100 -- 11,100 11,100 11.100 ------254 Technology Utlllzatlon...... 11,100 11.100 11,100 9,500 9,500 l1.100 --- 11.100 11,100 Technoloqy D1SSemination .... 6,300 6,300 6.300 6,300 --- 6.300 6,300 6,300 6,300 6,300 --- -- 4.800 4,800 4,800 4.800 4, 800 4,800 Technology Appllcatlans.. .. 4,800 4,800 4.800 -__ ------

11.000 17,000 22,000 22,000 17.000 -13,000 -- 254 Commercial 1J5e of Spdce...... 30,000 20,000 20,non 16.500 16,500 17,000 -13,000 ------Congres510"al Actlo"...... _-_ _-- -_- _-_ _------13,000 --- --_ --

Office of Aeronautic5 and 522,000 522,000 522,000 522,000 2,000 Space Technoloqy ...... 522,000 522,000 522.000 504,400 504.400 520,000 -2,000 522.000 --- 402 heronautical Resea. and Technolo ...... 354,000 354,000 354,000 350,400 350,400 354,000 --- 354,000 354,000 354,000 354,000 354,000 --- -- 239,300 239,300 239,300 239,300 239,300 --- -- Research and Technology Bd5C 239,300 239,300 239,300 235,700 235.100 239.300 ___ Syqt~rnqTrchnOlouy PmqramS. 114,700 114,700 114.700 114,700 114,700 114,100 --- 114,700 114,100 114,700 114,100 114.100 ------

168.000 168,000 168,000 2,000 254 Space Research and Technoloqy. 168,000 168,000 168.000 154,000 154,000 166,000 -2,000 168.000 168,000 -- Research and Technoloqy Base 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 ___ 140.000 140.000 140,000 140,000 140,000 --- -- Systems Technoloqy Proqrams. 20.000 20,ooa 20,000 20.000 20,000 20,000 --- 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 ------Sta"dar.!s and Practices.. ... 9,000 8,000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8,000 _-- 8,000 8,000 8.000 8.000 8.000 ------tContJ">5'""d; ALLn ...... _.. _.- .._ -14,000 -14,000 -2.000 -2,000 __. _-_ ------_-- --- 2.000

Office of space Trac4ing and _-- 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 --- -- nata sVStPmS...... i6.2no 16.200~- i6.2nn 14.800 14.800 16,200 16,200 __ 18.20" 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 --- 255 Advd-,red Syet~mri...... 16,200 ih.2nii 16,2(Jll 14, #G(J 14.833 _-- 16,200 -- .~~ ~__ Undistributed Reduction .__ -30,SOd' --- _-- "t I. 1...... __ ___ --- ___ -_- ___ _-_ ___ --- Genera: Reduction ...... _._ _-- ___ -_- .__ ------.~~ .______-- -1.000 -1.000 -1,000

SpaceF11 ht. Control and Data _____comunl:atlons ...... 3,509,900 3,529,900 3,529,900 1,386,900 1,386.900 3,372,900 -137.000 3,402,900 3,402,900 3~412~~00 3.345.700 3,391,900 -112,000 25,000 -30,000 2,701,600 2,101,600 2,701,600 2,681,600 2,101,600 --- 30,000 __~~Office of Spce Fliqht ...... 2,701,600 2,726,600 2,726,600 2,641,600 2,641,600 2,671,600 253 Shuttle Produccion_and 941,500 941;=,no 961,500 -15,000 976.500 976,500 9i6,500 ,,c,r>",500 916. 500 --- 15.000 0~erat~ona1Capnb~iit~ -...... 176.50~ r.clr1. inii i,Oi1,500 ___ ~. -"------OTbitPT ...... 333,600 378,600 318,600 323,800 323,600 333.600 ___ 333,600 333,600 333.5"c' ~~>,600 333,500 Launch and HLSSLO~Support.. 163,900 151) ,900 15R.900 163,900 163,900 158,900 -5,000 163,900 163,900 163,900 163,900 163,900 _-- 5,000 .., ^^^ .L" . nu,""" 454.000 454,000 454,000 --- -- P,"p"lsro" s*stems...... 454,0011 4>4,""" v,., l"., ._., """ --- 454,000 454.000 454,000 Chdnyes and System 10.000 L'~~T.~~~~...... 25,000 2n.0on 20.000 --- __- 15.000 -10,000 25,000 25,000 &5,""0 i;,030 25.999 --- congrerslonai nict1n.r...... __ -__ __- __- _-- -_- _-- _-- -__ --- -10,000 --- _-- --- 1,725,100 15,000 -.-.^^ ,...... 7nn ."O ?,?,",,"" -?5.000 1.725.100 1,125,100 1.725.100 1,725,100 ---

2:: space ~~~~~-~~t~t~~~n erallnnq 1,725,100 1,715,100 1,II-).IvY ~__'.,Yu,,YY -~~,soo!,?25,3~~ ?,775,ino 1,725,100 1,125.I"" b. -.-(13, .__I"" ... ?s,nnn Shuttle Operattons.. C ...... 1,725,100 1,715,100 1,715,100 1,100,100 1,700,100 1,71U,100

*ND C~nrjres~l~ndlDirection. -1/ Undlstrlbuted Reduction of 1.1% WATIUIAL ASURIUDZICS MD SPIB NXUWISTRATIOW P.qC 5 Chronoloiical HIstory of ttR FY 1986 Budqet Submission (In thousands of dollars)

AWIWDRIZATION IWPROPRIATION House Cam. House Floor Senate Corn. Senate Floor Conf. Corn. House Corn. House Flwr Senate Corn- Senate Flmr Conf. Corn. I"ltld1 H.R. 1714 H.R. 1714 H.R. 1714 H.R. 1714 P.L. 99-170 Difference H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 P.L. 99-160 Difference Difference Budget Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-379 From Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-129 Rpt. 99-129 Rpt. 99-363 Fra From Submission 3-28-85 3-28-85 6-24-85 6-24-85 11-19-85 Budget 7-18-85 7-25-85 8-28-85 10-18-85 11-8-85 Budget Budget Item to Congress Appd. 3-28-85 Rppd. 4-2-85 Appd. 6-24-85 Appd. 6-27-85 Appd. 12-5-85 Submission Appd. 7-18-85 Appd. 7-25-85 Appd. 8-28-85 Appd. 10-18-85 Appd. 11-25-85 Suhission AuthOrizatiOn

Data Systems...... 808,300 R03.300 R03.300 745,300 745,300 701,300 -107.000 101.300 701,300 711,300 101,300 701,300 -107,000 - 255 =ace and Ground Network Comunications and Data m...... 508.300 803.300 803.300 745.300 745,300 101,300 -107,000 701,300 701,300 71 1,300 70 1,300 70 1,300 -107,000 -- Space NetYo.k...... 400,800 401,800 400,800 341,800 341,800 293,800 -59,000 293,800 293,800 ' 303.800 293.800 293,800 -107,000 -- Ground Network...... 219,300 219.300 219,300 219.300 219.300 2 19,300 --_ 219,300 219,300 219.300 229,300 219,300 ------C-unlcations and Data Sy.teras...... 188.200 188,200 188,200 188,200 188,200 188,200 ___ 188,200 188.200 188,200 188.200 188,200 -- -- Congressional Astlon...... --- -5,000 -5,000 -4.000 -4,000 --- -4.800 - _- -__ --_ -10,000 ------Undistributed Reduction of 1.1\...... --- _-_ --- __------37.20d' - -_ -_ General Reduction...... ------_-- --- _-- --_ ------5,000 -5,300 -5,000 Construction of FdC~lIties...... 149,300 148,300 148,300 139,300 139,300 139,300 -10,000 139,300 139,300 141,300 139,700 139,300 -10.000 -

253 Spa- Flight FdCIlItLes...... 29,900 29.900 29,900 29,900 29.900 29.900 --- 29,900 29,900 23,400 23,400 29.900 1 1 *-Construction of mhtter IIOdifLslt1on and Refurhlshment Facility (KSCI...... 14,000 14,000 14.000 14,000 14,000 14,000 --- 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 -- - I-ConstruCtiOn of Thermal Protection System FaCilLty IKYI. 3.600 3,500 3.~00 3,600 3,600 3,600 I- 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 -- -- M-nodlfications for Advanced Technology Engine Test Stand s-ICwmc)...... 5.500 6,500 6.500 6,500 6.500 6,500 --- 6.500 6.500 -- -- 6.500 -- - I-Modifications for Enhanced Life Support Systems Testinq (JSCI.... 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 --- 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 -- -- I-Modifications to Pad A Payload Change-Ooyt mom IXSC)...... 2,200 2,200 2,200 2.200 2,200 2,200 I- 2.200 2.200 2.200 2,200 2.200 -- -- M-Modifications to Space Shuttle Mal" Enqtne *Yppo*t systems IUSTLI 2,500 2.500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2.500 --- 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 -- --

254 Space Shuttle Payload Facilities...... -1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 --- 1,200 1,200 1.200 1,200 I, zoo -- -- M-Construction of Payload Control Rooms IISCI...... 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 --_ 1.200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1, zoo -- --

402 Mes Research Center...... 1.200 8.200 8,200 8,200 8,200 8,200 --- 8.200 8,200 8,200 8,200 8.200 -I -_ R-Construction of Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation FaCllLty. 8,200 8.200 8.2nn 8.200 8,200 8,200 -__ 8, 200 8,200 8.200 8.200 8.200 -- -

254 Goddard %ace Fliqht Center... ____~11,800 11,ROO __1 1,800 --..____ 11.800 11.800 11,800 --- 11.800 11,800 11,800 11.800 11.800 -__ -- E-Construction of Additions to Research Projects Laboratory ..... 3.800 3.800 3,800 3.800 3.800 3.800 --- 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,800 -_ - E-Construction of spacecraft Systems Development and Integration Facility ...... 8,000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8,000 8.000 --- 8.000 8.000 8.000 8,000 8.000 -- -_ 255 Jet Propulsion laboratory .... 8,900 8,900 8,900 8.900 8,900 8,900 --- 8,900 8.900 8,900 8,900 8,900 ------E-Construction of nicrodevices LaboldrtOTy...... 8,900 8.900 8.900 8,900 8,900 8.900 --- 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 -- -- 402 Ungley Research Center...... 4.900 4,900 4,900 4.900 4,900 4,900 --- 4,900 4,300 4,900 4.900 4.900 --- -- R-Modifications to 16-Fmt Transonic Tunnel for Improved Roductivlty and Research Capability ...... 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 -.- 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 4,900 -- -_

1/ Undistributed Reduction of 1.13. L

MTIOWAL AE-WICS AND SPI(I1 UUIWISl'RhTIRI Page 6 Chronological History Of the FY 1986 Dudget Submissron (In thousands nf dollars1

- AUTHORI~~TION -PROPRIATION .. ~~__..______..__ .- *~.>SPCornn. House Fivui Senate Con!%. Senate Floor Con*. COW". H~~s~corn.. H~US~ ~ionr senate COW. senace Fioor bf.corn...... - ...... " .?." ,, " .,*" Y D ,,,a u P. 171a P.L. 99-170 DlfferenCe H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 H.R. 3038 P.L. 99-160 Ulfferencll Difference ".._".L.. BUdqet Rp?. 99-32 Rpt. 99-32 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-91 Rpt. 99-379 From Rpt. 99-21? Rpt. 99-212 Rpt. 99-129 Rpr. YY-!L$ ;+;;; .. .*------suhm1551on 3-28-85 3-28-85 h-24-85 6-24-85 11-19-85 Budget 7-18-85 7-25-85 8-28-85 10-18-85 11-8-85 Budget mdqat Item to Conqrc55 Rppd. 3-211-RS Rppd. 4-2-85 Appd. 6-24-85 Rppd. 6-27-85 Rppd. 12-5-85 Snbmisslon Rpp4. 1-18-85 Rppd. 7-25-85 Rppd. 8-28-85 Appd. 10-18-85 hppd. 11-25-85 Subnission AUthOr1LatiOn ~ -. 255 V~.TL.DUSrocatlz ...... 11.400 17,400 17.400 17.400 17,400 17.400 .__ 17.400 17.400 17,400 17.400 17.400 ------T-HOdiflCatlOn Of 64-Meter Antenna DDS-14, Goldstone, California (JPL)...... 8,500 8,500 8.500 8,500 8,500 8,500 --- 8,500 8,500 8.500 8.500 8,500 -- -- T-MdlflCatlOn of 64-Meter Antenna DDS-43. Canberra Australla (JPL). 8.900 8.900 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 --- 8,900 8,900 8.900 8,900 8,900 -- I-

255 N-Repair of Fac111t1es...... 22,000 22.000 22.000 22,000 22,000 22,000 --- 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 ------

255 X-Rehabilitation and Modifi- Cation of Facilities ...... 27,000 27,000 27.000 27,000 27,000 27,000 ___ 27,000 21,000 27,000 21,000 21,000 I- ---

255 N-Mmor Construction and Additions to Facilities ...... 6,000 6,000 6,000 6.000 6.000 6.000 --- 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 ------

255 N-Facility Planning and Design 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 -_- 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 -_

Conqresslonal Action...... ___ -1,000 -1.000 -10,000 -10,000 -10.000 -10,000 -10.000 -10.000 -1.500 -3,100 -10.000 -10.000 --

Research and Program Management .... 1,345,000 1,345,000 1,300.000 1,370,000 1,370,000 1,367,000 22,000 1,361,000 1,367,000 1,370,000 1,339,900 1,362,000 11.000 -5,000

By Installatmn:

.bhnson Space Center ...... 213,713 213.773 2:3,713 .'13.713 213,713 213,713 --- 213,713 213,113 213,113 213,113 213,713 --- - Kennedy Space CentcT...... 189,331 189,131 189.331 189,331 189,331 189,331 ___ 189,331 189,331 189,331 189,331 189,331 ------Marshall Space Flight Center ... 195.805 195,805 195,805 195.805 195,805 195,805 ___ 195,805 195,805 195.805 195,805 195,805 --- -- National Space Technology LdbTatOrieS ...... 11,131 11,131 11,131 11,131 11.131 11.131 11.131 11.131 11,131 11,131 11,131 I- -- Goddard space Flight Cent?* .... 199,719 199,119 199.1 19 199,719 199,719 199,719 199,719 199,719 199,119 199,719 199,719 -_- --- mmes Research Center ...... 123.908 123.9UB 123,-us 123,30a 123,~a 123.908 (23,908 121.908 123,908 123,908 123,908 --- -- langley Research Center ...... 149,059 149,059 149.059 149,059 149.059 143.053 149,059 149,059 119.059 149,059 149,059 --_ --- Ley&= Research Center ...... 139,096 139,096 139,896 139,096 139,896 139.896 139.896 139.896 139,896 139,896 139,896 --_ -- Hrddq~artri~...... 122,438 '??.430 1??.41P 72?,43R 122,438 122,438 122.438 122,438 122,438 122,438 122,438 --- _-- congrersiond ai:ion...... ___ -45,nnn 25.00d' 25, OOd' 22,000 22,oco 22,000 25,000 -5,100 17,000 17.000 -5,000

By Function:

Personnel and Related Costs.... 931,813 931,813 931,813 913.813 931,813 931,813 931,813 931,813 931,813 931.813 931,813 --- _-- TIaVel ...... 31.000 31,000 31.000 31,000 31,000 31.000 31,000 31,000 31,000 31.000 31,000 -_- --- Facilities SerV~ces...... 212.272 212,272 212,272 212,272 212,272 212,272 212.272 212,272 212,272 212.272 212,272 -- -- 66.071 66,071 66,071 66,071 66.071 66,011 66,011 66,071 66,071 66,071 ------Management and Operations ."~ Support ...... 103.844 103.844 103,044 1"3,694 I"J.0"" .".,">,.7.. ".. 103,844 103.844 103,844 103,844 --- -- congressiunal hctron...... _. ___ -45.uoi' 2 i,0 0d' 25,ood' e.."""?, "n" 22,00& 25,OOd' -5,100 17,000 17,000 -5.000

-I/ RestOrat10n of pay Cut $42 milllon and a reductxun of -S17 mrllron. 2/ Restoration of pay cut $42 mill~on(und~siributedl; and a reduction of -520 rnrllion. 7

~STHCONGRESS !?E?GRT ijn page 2, Iiix 7, nfter “Ccrst Control” insert “and such other lst session 1 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [ 99-32 recommendations as may be inciuded in thc 9MB report ”Manage- ment of the United States Government--1986” PLTP,POSE OF BILL, TITLEI AUTHORIZING APPROPRIATIONS TO THE NATIONAL AERO- The purpose of’ titie i is to authorize appropriations tn the Na- NAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION FOR FISCAL tional Aeronautics and Space Administration for fiscal year 1986 as follows: YEAR 1986

Authorization Page Programs fiscal year 1986 No. MARCH28, 1985 --Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Research and development ...... $2,862.800,000 28 Space flight, control and data analysis ...... 3,529,900,000 156 Construction of facilities ...... 148,300,000 186 Mr. FUQUA,from the Committee on Science and Technology, Research and program management ...... 1,345,000,000 199 submitted the following Total ...... 7,886,000,000 216

REPORT TITLEI1 together with The purpose of title I1 is to set a reimbursement pricing poljcy for the Space Transportation System for commercial and foreign ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS users which is consistent with the objectives of the Space Transpor- tation System and encourages the full and effective-use of space. [To accompany H R. 17 14 I TITLEIXi !Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] The purpose of title I11 is to authorize appropriations to the De- ,7 - lhe Zommitiee VII Science and ?‘echno!ngy, to whom was re- partment of Transeortation to become available October l, l%;, ferred the bill (H.R. 1‘714) to authorize appropriations to the Na- $X%,OOO f~rsn!zrics snc! eypmqes of the Office of Commercial tional Aeronautics and Space Administration for research and de- Space Transportation. velopment, space flight, control and data communications, construction of facilities; and research and program management, and for other purposes, having considered the same; report favorabiy thereon with amendments (shown in italic in the bill accompanying his repuiii ani: i~co~~~~dsthit the hill, as amended. do pass. The amendments are as follows: On page 11, strike all of section 107 and renumber the succeeding s;eciions ac~~rding!y. 8

. -. - COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS COMMITTEE ACTIONS TITLEI SEC. 107 (AS INTRODUCED) NASA propod an amendment to the National Aeronautics and RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Space Act as amended, to provide that any invention made or used in outer space on a space vehicle under the jurisdiction or control SPACE TRANSPORTATION CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT of the United States shall be considered made or used in the NASA requested $459,300,000 for Space Transportation Capabil- United States for the purposes of patent law (title 35 of the US. ity Development activities in fmal year 1986. The Committee de- Code). creased funding for Spacelab activities by $5,000,000; decreased The Committee recommends an amendment to delete this provi- funding for payload operations and support equipment by sion (Sec. 107 of H.R.1714, as introduced). Although the Committee $3,000,000; and decreased funding for the Tethered Satellite System has a long record of support for taking the initiative in improving by $7,000,000 resulting in a total recommended authorization of Federal patent laws to encourage innovation and reward risk- $444,300,000 in ftsal year 1986. takers, the Committee believes this proposed change to the patent Spacelab.-NASA requested $96,700,000 for Spacelab activity in laws deserves greater scrutiny. The Committee feels that a more fiscal year 1986. This funding category provides for the develop adequate hearing record on the language is warranted in order to ment and production of Spacelab hardware as well as providing for understand the consequences of such a proposal on current domes- mission lanning, and flight and ground operations for all oper- tic patent and other laws. ational ipacelab missions. Since this program has experienced some delays due to changes in the Space Shuttle launch schedule, a reduction can be sustained with no significant impact. The Com- SEC. 109 (AS REPORTED) mittee, therefore, recommends a funding decrease of $5,000,000 re- H.R 1714, as introduced, contains a provision to require the sulting in a total authorization of $91,700,000 in fiscal year 1986. NASA Administrator to review those recommendations of the Payload operations and support e uipment.-NASA requested President’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control as are pertinent $63,900,000 for payload operations an8support equipment in fwal to NASA and to report to Congress on their implementation status year 1986. The payload operations and support equipment funding within 90 days of enactment. provides for the developing and placing into operational status the The Committee recommends an amendment to this language to ground and flight systems necessary to support Space Trmsporta- require the Administrator additionally to review those recommen- tion System payloads during prelaunch processing, oh-orbit mission dations contained in the OMB report “Management of the United ’ operations, and post-landing processing. Delays in a number of pay- States Government-1986’’ that are pertinent to NASA. load flight schedules permit a $3,000,000 funding reduction resulting in a total authorization of $60,900,000 in fiscal year 1986. Tethered satellite system.-NASA requested $21,000,000 for the Tethered Satellite System in fiscal year 1986. The Tethered Satel- lite System is a cooperative program with the Italian government that will provide a unique new facility for conducting space experiments at distances of up to 100 kilometers from the Space Shuttle Orbiter while being held in a fmed position relative to the Orbiter. Since some pr am delays are being encountered in the develop ment of the Isan satellite, funding for the US. part of the coop erative effort could be reduced with no overall impact on the program. The Committee therefore recommends a funding decrease of 9

$7,000,000 resulting in a total authorization of $14,000.000 in fiscal to indicate a commitment to the eventual start of development of year 1986. this mission. The field of infrared astronomy was revolutionized by the infra- PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY red Astronomy Satellite (IRAS, which conducted an all-sky survey NASA requested $630,400,000 for physics and astronomy activi- from space) and NASA plans to follow with the Space Infrared Tel- ties in fiscal year 1986. The Committee increased funding for re- escope Facility (SIRTF). There is a need to develop and test tech- search and analysis by $7,000,000 resulting in a total recommended nologies for the maintenance and servicing of this cryogenically authorization of $637,400,000 for fiscal year 1986. The Committee cooled telescope 80 it can be operated for a period of years which recommends that within available funding for Shuttle/Spacelab would represent. a significant improvement over the one-year life- Payload Development, $3,000,000 be authorized for development of time of IRAS. Therefore, the Committee recommends adding $1 intermediate-size Shuttle science payloads. million for advanced technology development for SIRTF to indicate Research and analysis.-NASA requested $42,300,000 for re- a commitment to the eventual start of development of this mission. search and analysis in fiscal year 1986. This funding category pro- Shuttle/Spacelab payload development.-NASA requested vides for supporting research and technology in the science disci- $135,500,000 for Shuttle/Spacelab Payload Development activities plines, advanced technology development for future missions, and in the Physics and Astronomy program, and the Committee recom- analysis of data from existing missions. The Committee recommends that amount. This funding is to develop and fly science experiments on Shuttle. The Committee recommends that $3 million mends adding a total of $7 million as described below, resulting in a total recommended authorization of $49,300,000 for fiscal year of these funds be earmarked for development of intermediate size 1986. Shuttle payloads. This action is taken in recognition of the impor- While the Committee acknowledgea the budget situation which tance of such payloads to the university science community, as results in no new starts'this year, the Committee also recognizes demonstrated both by testimony and by the report of the NASA the importance of new starts in maintaining a healthy space sci- Shuttle Science Working Group. ence community. For this reason the Committee has made several SPACE APPLICATIONS additions with a view to facilitating the rapid and low risk develop ment of several missions. NASA requested $551,800,000 for space application activties in For more than two decades NASA has been conducting advanced fiscal year 1986. Within the Environmental Observations activities, technology development on an experiment, Gravity-Probe B, that the Committee increased funding $4 million for Oceanic processes would test a particular effect predicted by Einstein's general theory research and analysis, increased funding $3 million for Space phys- of relativity. The effect predicted is very small, so that a delicate ics research and analysis and decreased funding $8 million for the and expensive apparatus is needed, and for the same reason the ex- Scatterometer development, resulting in a total recommended au- periment must be done in the zero-gravity conditions of space. thorization of $550,800,000 for fiscal year 1986. With the advent of the Shuttle it is possible to conduct a test on NASA requested $20,600,000 for oceanic processes research and the Shuttle to see if the apparatus will work before committing to analysis activities in fiscal year 1986. The Committee recommends the full experiment. The Committee recommends adding $4 million an increase of $4 million for the Ocean Topography Experiment to move the Agency toward the Shuttle test of the relativity experi- (TOPEX) to prepare for an early start on development. TOPEX was ment. planned for a 1990 launch (based on an expected FY 1986 start) in The Committee is aware that this project proposes to adopt an order to have to have maximum overlap with the NROSS satellite innovative management approach, and the Committee applauds and therefore make maximum impact on the World Ocean Climate this. However, part of the reason that the Committee has recom- Experiment (WOCE) and the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere mended this addition is the assurance that this management ap (TOGA) research program. An increment to the Oceanic processes proach will meet not only performance, but also coet and schedule research and analysis budget would enable effort to begin the inte- targets. Therefore this will be a test of both the apparatus and also gration of science instruments onto the spacecraft. of the management approach, and both must succeed if the experi- NASA requested $17,800,000 for Space physics research and anal- ment is to move to the next phase. ysis activities in fiscal year 1986. The International Solar Terrestri- The infant field of x-ray astronomy was invigorated by the High al Physics (ISTP) program is planned as a six satellite joint pro- Energy Astronomy Observato '1 and -2 satellites but they stopped gram between NASA (three satellites), the European Space Agency returning data in 1981. NUX plans to fouow up this successful (two satellites), and Japan (one satellite). The United States has in- start by building the Advanced X-ray Astronomy Facility (AXAF). dicated to ita foreign partners an intent to carry out this program, The advanced x-ray optics of AXAF could present a significant risk and a new start had been anticipated in fiscal year 1986. A small td the development program. Therefore, the Committee recom- investment now in detailed studies of science instruments and re- mends adding $2 million for continued advanced technology devel- lated engineering tradeoffs could minimize program runout costs opment of AXAF in order to minimize technical uncertainties and and help prevent schedule delays. Therefore, the Committee recom- 10 mends an increase of $3 million in space physics research and anal- port of basic aeronautical research, the seed corn of the next crop ysis for to prepare for an early start on development. of advzllces in 3YiEth2. ISTP The Committee recognizes that overall federal deficits must be NASA reqwsLx! $3?,'?QO,OOO fer the Sc~tterometerinst.rument brought under controi and that each agency and program must development activities in fiscai year i386. The Scatkrometer in- contribute by holding down expenses and finding innovative ways strument is being developed by NASA for flight on the Navy to carry out its mission. The Committee appreciates NASA's efforts NROSS oceanographic satellite. The Navy program is being de- in this regard and supports the aggregate budget level as requested layed and therefore the XASA program can 'ut: aiiowsd io slip for Aeronautical Research and Technology. slightly. In particular, because the Scatterometer is for the most Within the total amount: the Committee recommends the follow- part well-known technology it should be possible to delay the con- ing changes: struction scheduie w reduce tyendiiig iii f~~dyear 19% withiit z 1. Increase the funds applied to Rotorcraft Systems 'I'echol- significant impact on total costs. Therefore, the Committee recom- ogy (other than the XlWing project) by $4.0 million. Funding in mends without prejudice a $8 million decrease in the Scattero- this area has declined precipitously in recent years and the meter development funding for fiscal year 1986. Committee feels work should be continued in the areas of noise, vibration, controls and computational structural dynam- COMMERCIAL USE OF SPACE ics. NASA requested $30,000,000 for the commercial use of space pro- 2. Restore $2.0 million of the funds cut from the Hot Section gram in fiscal year 1986. The Committee decreased funding for this Technology Program. program by $10,000,000 making a total recommended authorization 3. Increase the funding for high speed aeronautics, including of $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1986. The Committee fully supports advanced propulsion concepts, advanced structures and materi- the establishment of NASA's Office of Commercial Programs and als, and airframe/propulsion intergration. ($4.1 million). NASA's efforts to facilikte the commercial use of space. The Com- 4. Eliminate funding for the Oblique Wing flight test ($4.7 mittee believes that the $20,000,000 authorization, which provides million). for a very significant increase over fiscal year 1985 funding is fully 5. Reduce funding within Fluid and Thermal Physics R&T by adequate to support the planned activities of this office for the next approximately $1.4 million, for work on adaptable wall and fiscal year. This office is not yet operating at a fully mature level, magnetic balance wind tunnel test techniques. having been established in November 1984. Budget justifications 6. Eliminate all funding (approximately $4.0 million) for presented to the Committee currently exist, in part, in conceptual planning of the Altitude Wind Tunnel. The overwhelming form. The Committee's recommendation is made to bring the au- opinion of experts who examine this project is that the benefit thorization to a level which provides for growth at a more realistic, to be gained is marginal and not worth the estimated construc- yet challenging, pace. Part of the challenge posed to this office will tion cost. Furthermore, the people presently assigned t~,this be the ability to obtain, prior to the obligation of government fund- task at Lewis Research Center should be redeployed to funda- ing, a matchkg commitment from the private sectnr tn support mental aeropropulsion research. program initiatives. The recommended authorizing level should 7. Within the Flight Systems Research and Technoiogy iine challenge NASA and the private sector to forge new relationships item, increase the amount devoted to rotorcraft icing research that will lead toward greater commercial activity in space. to at least $1.0 million.

AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SPACE FLlGlIT, CCNTRGL, AN2 EATA rnMM'U'NlCATIONS NASA requested $354,000,000 for Aeronautical Research and SPACE SHUlTLE PRODUCTION AND OPERATION CAPABILITY Technology. This amount represents an increase of 3.5 percent over the Fiscal Year 1985 appropriation. NASA requested $976,500,000 for Shuttle production and oper- The Cammittex? Is concerned abotit the !o~g-termbudgetary trend ational capability activities in fiscal year 1986 "he &rnrnittee h- which has failed even to keep pace with inflation, much less with creased funding for the Orbiter by $45,000,000, and decreased fund- rL- :--..---:-----L:-b:--b:m- -c -n-e--..C:-r --,-Ihn;r.hClmnd nnmno. for support %5,000,000, LUG 111b1Pcwlll~uvpLLlovlb.ar.v'* v. O~LVII~LlUIuUUllU ...,.e.. vu..uu *".UY" ing launch and miwion activities by and de- tition in world civil aircraft markets. For example, the request for creased funding for changes and system upgrading by $5,000,000 re- Fiscal Year 1986 is only 15 percent greater than the actual amount sulting in a total recommended authorization of $1,011,500,000 in spnt i~ Fisc..! Year 1980, without considering inflat.inn in fiscal year 1986. constant 1980 dollars, the budget has declined 16 percent during Orbiter. --NASA requested $333,600,000 for Orbiter production the same period. Furthermore, the effect of this decline in purchas- and related support in fmal year 1986. The Committee recom- ing power has not been applied uniformly. Since the costs of facili- mends an increase of $45,000,000 for Orbiter funding to augment ty operation (e.g. aircraft fuel, nitrogen gas for the National Tran- the structural spares activities (particularly critical skills needed sonic Facility) have continued and in fact, have increased, the for production and installation of electrical, mechanical, and fluid impact of-lower budgets has fallen disproportionately on the sup systems) and to avoid further erosion of the production base thereby maintaining production readiness for an additional Orbiter vehi- The reduction is to be taken at the discretion of the Administra- cle. Therefore, the total recommended authorization for Orbiter ac- tor. tivities in fiscal year 1986 is $378,600,000. The Committee felt that some of the research and development hunch and mission support.-NASA requested $163,900,000 for launch and mission support activities in fiscal year 1986. Launch programs augmented by other actions were of higher priority than and mission support funding provides for a variety of improve- the construction projects requested. ments in such areas as mission preparation, mission operation, as- RESEARCH AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT tronaut training, and launch and recovery operations. The Commit- tee recommends a funding decrease of $5,000,000 which can be ac- NASA requested $1,345,000,000 for Research and Program Man- commodated without a degradation of mission capability. This re- agement in fiscal year 1986. The bulk of these funds are intended sults in a total authorization of $158,900,000 in fiscal year 1986. to pay NASA’s civil service staff (about 70 percent). Another ap- Changes and system upgrading.-NASA requested $25,000,000 for proximate 10 percent goes to pay utility bills. The remaining 20 changes and system upgrading in fiscal year 1986. These funds pro- percent covers such housekeeping functions as security, equipment vide for potential changes and system modifications as well as un- repair, custodial services, and business computer operations. anticipated new requirements not covered in the budget estimates The Committee is aware that cuts to the R&PM request taken in for Shuttle production and operation capability development. In previous years have generally been applied to this latter category. view of the fact that Shuttle development is nearing completion, It believes that NASA should apply greater resources, rather than the Committee recommends a funding decrease of $5,000,000 result- less, to this area, particularly the inspection and routine mainte- ing in a total authorization of $20,000,000 in fmcal year 1986. nance of buildings and equipment. For this reason, the Committee recommends the requested amount for R&PM. SPACE TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS LANGUAGE PROVISIONS NASA requested $1,725,100,000 for space transportation operations in fiscal year 1986. The Committee believes that increased TITLEI operational efficiencies beyond those currently planned can be achieved and recommends a $10,000,000 funding decrease resulting SECTION 105 in a total authorization of $1,715,100,000 in fiscal year 1986. The Committee adopted section 105 which expresses the sense of SPACE AND GROUND NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA SYSTEMS the Congress that the national interest is served by geographical distribution of Federal research funds whenever feasible, and that For fiscal year 1986, NASA requested $808,300,000 for space and NASA explore ways to further this end. ground network communications and data systems activities. The Committee recommended a decrease of $5,000,000 resulting in a SECTION 106 total recommended authorization of $803,300,000 for space and The Committee adopted a new section 106 to grant authority to ground network, communications and data systems activities. the NASA Inspector General to administer to or take from any The Committee recognizes that NASA may seek reprogramming person an oath, affirmation or affidavit, whenever necessary in the authority for additional funds to support the ongoing operation of performance of the Inspector General’s duties. The language was the STDN ground network due to delays in the implementation of requested by NASA. the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. However NASA is directed to pursue all initiatives that will yield improved operation- SECTION 107 al efficiencies and reduce long term funding requirements, while avoiding those actions that could degrade basic communications ca- The Committee adopted a new section 107 to reflect the intent of pabilities and jeopardize existing or planned missions. Initiatives Congress that authorization be provided to ensure confident and NASA may want to consider include increasing the level of reim- cost-effective operation of the Space Transportation System and to bursables, revising mission coverage policies, extending data proc- maintain production readiness for a fifth orbiter vehicle. Similar essing turnaround time where feasible from user’s standpoint, and language was contained in the FY 1985 NASA Authorizations. obtaining greater funding contributions from other program offices for mission unique requirements. SECTION 108 The Committee adopted a new section 108 to extend the life of CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES the National Commission on Space from “twelve months” to NASA requested $149,300,000 for the construction of facilities in “eighteen months.” The National Commission on Space was estab fiscal year 1986. The Committee reduced this by $1,000,000 result- lished under Title I1 of the FY 1985 NASA Authorization, P.L. $18- ihg in a total recommended authorization of $148,300,000. 361. 12

SECTION 109 this cost wouid equal $71.4 million per flight (in constant FY 82 The Committee adopted a new section 109 which would require doiiars). the Adinhistrater to review the recommendations of the Pi& Members of the Committee have expressed much concern over dent’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control, and recommenda- foreigii !atinch competition md the adverse economic impact that. tions included in the OMB report “Management of the United the loss of a substantial amount of commercial and foreign space S’tka Gove~.:ment--Fiscal Year 1986. and to report to Congress launch business could have on this country. Accordingly, Title I1 within 90 days of enactment of this Act on the irnplementatlon wouid periiiit the ?!:‘.SA Admir?ictratnr, under certain conditions status of those recommendations pertinent to NASA. enumerated in the legislation, to reduce the total amount charged commercial and foreign users. However, the Administrator could SECTION 110 not set ii piice !=.::er th~r?the average “additional cost” of a com- The Committee adopted a new section 110 requiring the Adminis- mercial or foreign flight. .In other words, under certain conditions, trator to initiate a feasibility study to ensure a timely flight oppor- such as achieving the goal of enhancing the international competi- tunity for a physically disabled American. tive position of the United States in providing space transportation services and capabilites, the Administrator could waive some or all TITLEI1 of the “capital recovery charge.” The Committee has sought to structure a Space Transportation The Committee adopted a new Title I1 that sets forth objectives System pricing policy that in it entirety would serve the best in- for the Space Transportation System and would establish a pricing trests of the United States. As articulated in the legislation, this policy for commercial and foreign users of the Space Shuttle for policy would contribute to the expansion of U.S. private sector in- fiscal years 1989 through 1991. Under this policy, the price to be charged such users would be based on the sum of: 1) the average vestment and involvement in space, make the Space Transporta- “additive cost” to the government of operating the Space Transpor- tion System available to appropriate foreign users as a means of tation System to provide additional flights to commercial and for- promoting international cooperative activity in apace, maintain the eign users over and above the costs associated with those flights United States position of world leadership in space transportation, necessary to meet the space transportation needs of the United and maximize the national economic benefits of the system. States government; and 2) a “capital recovery charge” equal to the The Committee believes that its recommended pricing policy cost of an Orbiter amortized over 100 flights. strikes a fair and equitable balance between ensuring that the gov- “Additive cost” is the total increase in Space Transportation ernment fully recovers all of the expenses that it incurs in provid- System operating costs sustained by the U.S. government in providing Space Transportation System flights to commercial and foreign ing flights for commercial and foreign customers (see Figure 1). users and encouraging the deveiopment of new space commercid- This cost includes both the increase in the operating cost of the ization ventures. “fixed base” (e.g.. personnel and facilities) above that required to The Space Transportation System pricing policy established by support only U.S. government flight activity. as weii as tiit: coiisu- the Cnmmittee would also result in a price that should be stable mabies and expendables that are required for each flight. As shown over a range of launch rates and an extended period of time. T’nis in Figure 1, the Committee assumed that the government base of long-term stability should provide an additional incentive for pri- Space Shuttle flight activity would be 16 flights pe~year and that vate investors to pursue space commercialization ventures. commercial and foreign demand wouici equai 6 rligiits wi yea:, The S!xtt!e pricing policy reported by the Committee would not vieldine a total SDace Transportation System capacity--- requirement guarantee lauches for U.S. expendable launch vehicles (ELV’s) a of 24 flyghta per year. decision which could hamper the success of current efforts in the Although additional analyses will be required by NASA to deter- private sector to commercialize governmentdeveloped ELV’s. On mine the specific charges that wi!! comply with these policies, the the other hand, although the legislation would not guarantee the Agency currentiy estimates that the “additive est" fee WW!~ be .riabi!ity of the U.S. domestic E;iV industry, it wodd ahnot pre- about $44 million per flight (in constant FY 1982 dollars) and the clude competition for launch services by the private sector. fndd, “capitai recovery charge’ woiild be eqiia! tc dxct $22 mi!!ien yr the Ccmmw-rirrl Space Launch Act (P.L. 98-575, October 30, 1984) flight (in constant FY 1982 dollars). These factors would yield a11 reported iast year by the Coninittee and enscted in&hw.-~cour- estimated mice of about $66 million (in constant FY 1982 dollars! ages such competition. The Committee believes that Fan mv for ti dedicated coiii;;..crcia! or fnroi;~_flizht of the Space Transpor- venture cannot be competitive with the Space Transportation tations stem. System prices set under the policies contamed in the reported biii. Title & also establishes an upper limit for the Space Transporta- there is little likelihood that the ELV venture would be competition System launch price that could be charged commercial and tive internationally with foreign ELVs. Indeed, the Committee foreign users. This upper limit is set at the “average operating cost has of a dedicated commercial flight” of the Space Transportation repeatedly heard testimony that higher Shuttle-prices would eneL System. NASA currently estimates that for the FY 89-91 period, ally enhance the competitive position of foreign EIngkiOrs, -.- 13 rather than U.S. domestic ELV operators.' Thus, the recommended The legislation further provided that the Commission be estab- pricing policy weighs in favor of providing a strong international lished within ninety days of enactment of the Act (or by October competitive paition for the United States in providing space trans- 15, 1984). On October 13, 1984, the President formally established portation services and capabilities, and maximizing the opportuni- the Commission by Executive Order, yet absent from it was the ties to achieve a broad set of national space objectives. designation of Commission Members. The Act envisioned Presiden- tial appointment of 15 Commissioners, representing Federal, State, and local government, industry, business, labor, academia, and the 4 general population with special expertise in science and technology, within that same timeframe. The National Commission on Space currently exists in name only. The Committee continues to await the appointment of Com- mission Members to the National Commission on Space. This situa- / 1 'corC0n;nrclJ tion is viewed With particular dismay because the Commission's life is limited. Although the Committee has recommended in H.R. 1714 to extend the life of the Commission by 6 months, only if appointment of commissioners is imminent will the Commission be afforded the full year to produce its report, as was envisioned in P.L. 98-361. The National Commission on Space was conceived because of the perception of the need for high level, independent policy advice on civilian space policy issues commanding public attention. Many changes in the space arena are occurring. The United States is en- tering a new era of international competition and cooperation in 7 space, and therefore this Nation must strengthen the commitment of its public and private technical, financial, and institutional resource~,so that the United States will not lose its leadership tion during this decade. In addition, while there continues to Figure 1. Graphic Description of ''Additive Cost'' crucial Government role in space science, advanced research and develo ment, provision of public goods and services and coordina- TITLE III tion oP national and international efforts, advances in applications The Committee adopted a new Title III which authorizes of space technology have raised many issues regarding public and $586,000 to be appropriated for the Department of Transportation private sector roles and relationships in technology development, office of Commercial Space Transportation. applications, and marketing. Moreover, the private sector will con- The Mice of Commercial Space Transportation was created fol- tinue to evolve as a major participant in the utilization of the .space lowing enactment during the 98th Congress on the Commercial environment. Launch Act, (P.L. October The Nation also stands on the edge of a new frontier with the Space 98-575, 30,1984). Nation's commitment to a permanently manned Space Station in COMMIlTEE low-Earth orbit. VIEWS The long range perspective of the Commission should provide an NATIONAL COMMISSION ON SPACE important focus to the current debates on the Nation's civilian space activities. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Authoriza- The Committee strongly encourages the Administration's attention Act of 1985 (P.L. 98-361) established a National Commission tion to the start up of the Commission activities. The contribution on Space whose purposes are: the Committee seeks from this high level, independent Commission (1) to maintain the Nation's preeminence in space science; in identifying long-range goals and policy options for the United technology, and applications; States civilian space program is intently awaited. (2) to promote the peaceful exploration and utilization of the space environment; and SPACE STATION OPERATIONAL COSTS (3) to articulate goals and develop options for the future di- The Committee notes with approval the NASA plan to proceed rection of the Nation's civilian space program. with a deliberately paced and carefully detailed definition and design of a Space Station (Phase B) over a 21 month period. The Committee further notes that a highly competitive preliminary design study (Phase A) is nearing completion and the majority of competitive contractors have been chosen for the Phe- B defini- 14 tion effort. These definition $udy activities should provide a strong gu~-reindependent space objectives that might not otherwise be technical foundation for the aesign, cieveiopmeiii and operation of a sch?evab!P- space Sktim in the 1990’s. International participation in Space Station shouid be encour- !..iestimony ‘before the Chmmittse hzs i~?dic~tedthat the NASA through the iiegchatic:: cf fzir adequitable arrangements management planning for the hardware development aspects (cost, between NASA and participants on issues of: Space statkr: pre __performance and schedule) of the program are well understood. gram and operations management; transfer of Space Station tech- However, whiie exprewiiig ~1 appreckitior. ef the need fc!r mr?tm! nology among participants; access rights to Space Station capabili- of the operational cost of a Space Station, NASA has not identified ties; and protection of proprietary investmenib;. the management approach for focusing on this critical aspect of Intmnational participation in Space Station can be achieved on a Space Siation duriiig dwigl ad devdcpmefit. basis that is consistent with this country’s national security inter- Ultimately, successful use of the Space Station will depend on ests and our objective of mainiainiiig a kadeishii; poktic:: ifi .?pnce both ita technical utility and operational cost. The Committee ob science and space technology. However, the scope and complexity serves that both of these aspects need to be carefully addressed by of this project will require that an innovative approach be taken in NASA and ita contractors with equal emphasis during the defini- structuring cooperative agreements to ensure a broad distribution tion, design and development phases. To that end the Committee of technical, scientific, and commercial opportunities that will requests that NASA review its plans to: accrue from this exciting project. 1. Predict and determine operational costs, 2. Establish appropriate benchmarks by which to measure SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER operational cat projections during the evolution of the Space In the past year, the Space Shuttle has continued to prove its re- Station throughout the definition and design and development liabilit , flexibility, and efficiency in serving as the Nation’s pri- Ph. mary gpace Transportation System. However, a number of key 3. Provide assurance that management visibility is developed policy issues relating to the Orbiter remain unresolved. NASA and maintained to monitor achievement of operational cost ob- should continue to play an active role in addressing and resolving jectives, these issues in an expeditious manner. 4. Provide adequate incentives within NASA and its contrac- Orbiter fleet size.-The Committee continues to believe that an tors to assure appreciation of and adequate attention to oper- additional Orbiter beyond the currently planned four will be ational cost prediction and control, and needed to accomplish civil, commercial, and defense missions and 5. Evaluate the affect of alternative technical approaches Space Station-related activities, to exp1oi.t the Shuttle’s potential and programmatic changes throughout the definition, desigr, for extended on-orbit life, and to provide adequate backup to the and development phases to assure that their impact on oper- currently planned fleet. The Committee is becoming increasingly ational cost are fully understood. concerned that if the United States does not soon determine wheth- The Committee is fully aware that NASA, in managing an evolu- er or not it is going to build an additional Orbiter, the production tionary system such as the Space Station, necessariiy wiii need to base may have declined to such an extent that the country will no modify operational cost goals as the system matures. Therefore, as longer be abie to build the vehicle for a reasonable amount. ot part of the annual authorization process the Committee requests money. The Committee hopes that this issue can be resolved in the that, future reporting to the Committee include operational cost in- coming year. formation and such other related evaluations as NASA may deem --P++ndod”.. .-- -- dvmtinn Orbzter.-Last vear. the Committee expressed useful in providing a full and current status of the predicted oper- its belief that there was significant justification for developing an ational cost for the Space Station. Further, so that the Committee extended on-orbit duration capability for the Orbiter and requested may be familiar with NASA’s approach to operational cost analy- that NASA report to the Committee on the costs and technical as- sis, prediction and control, NASA is iequeskd to s~bmit8 =!BE out- pects of undertaking an effort that would provide that capability. lining the agency’s approach for achieving visibiility of the status of in its report dated iu’overnLwr21, 1984, YASA identifed the fc!!~w- operational cost parameters by DecPn;ber 15, 1985. ing areas as those for which missions of approximately i4 days dii- ration would have utility: vapor and solution crystal growth, high SPACE STATION-INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION thermal gradient crystal growth, deveiopmenid bioiogy, cusliik ray detection, solar data during an entire pass, and full earth coverage The intmnational space community appears to have enthusiasti- from polar orbit. The report also indicated that the cost of provid- cally responded to the Adminstration’s invitation to participate ir? ing this capability wouid ’be in ihe iafige sf $?8-?!?0 =i!!icc. The the Space Station program. report concluded, however, that the requirements for on-orbit stay Potential international pafiners fully understand both the mag- times in the range of 10-20 days are small, and therefore do not nitude of the investment required and the potential benefits to be warrant the development of the capability. gained from the Space Station project. By sharing developmental The Committee understands that the Chairman of the Space and and operating costs, participants will be afforded an opportunity to Earth Sciences Advisory Committee Task Force on Scientific Uses 15 of the Space Station recently wrote to NASA expressing the view If the United States is to be able to successfully fulfill the space that the scientific community believes that even a modest exten- transportation needs of the next several decades, we must begin sion of the current 7 to 9 day mission duration capability of the Or- now to identify the basic nature and bounds of those needs. biter to 12 to 14 days would have great research benefit and would The Committee requests that NASA, in coordination with DOD, be strongly supported within the space research community. Given prepare and submit to the Committee by September 1, 1985, a de- this expression of support and interest by the space research com- tailed plan and approach for conducting a joint NASA/DOD study munity and the continuing interest of this Committee in a 12-14 of the space transportation needs of the United States for the day on-orbit stay capability for the Space Shuttle, the Committee period 1995-2010. requests that NASA reassess its views on this subject and report to the Committee on the results of that reassessment by September 1, SPACE AND EARTH SCIENCE, SPACE APPLICATIONS 1985. Earth science.-The Committee recognizes that many activities carried under “Space ,4pplications” are in fact Earth science. In SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS last year’s NASA authorization bill (P.L. 98-361) the Committee ac- The Committee maintains a strong interest in the reduction of knowledged the importance of Earth science by amending the Na- Space Transportation System operating costs as a means of achiev- tional Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 to add to NASA’s objec- ing the national goal of routine low-cost access to space. NASA is tives the “expansion of human knowlege of the Earth.” Indeed, directed to continue all efforts in this regard. space is a good vantage point for many Earth science programs, One aspect of this effort has been the question of developing a and many applications arise from work in the Earth sciences as ex- second source for production of the solid rocket boosters used on each emplified by the use of geology to find minerals. Nevertheless, the mission. The Committee has expressed a desire in the past to learn Committee wishes to reiterate its support for and interest in space whether competition would indeed produce significant savings for applications programs. this element of the Space Transportation System. New starts.-In view of the overall budget situation, the Commit- A study on this issue is presently underway within NASA, with a tee accepts the absence of new starts in science and applications decision expected in the near future. The Committee awaits the programs. Indeed, there seems to be a similar acceptance generally Administrator’s report on the decision reached, including such in- in the science community, although this acceptance is accompanied formation necessary for the Committee’s review of this question. by anxiety about the future. There are four very mature programs The Committee expresses full confidence that the Administrator which are candidates for starts next year-ISTP, TOPEX, GP-B, will render a decision that accords with the results of this analysis, and the Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby (CRAFbwith meets the present and future needs of the Space Transportation AXAF and SIRTF close behind. There are good arguments for all System, and recognizes the fiscal prudence sought by the American of these missions and according to testimony there is no scientific taxpayer. rationale for assigning them relative priorities. JOINT NASA/DOD STUDY OF FUTURE SPACE TRANSPORTATION NEEDS The Agency is faced with the unenviable task of. maintaining a balanced program across disciplines in the face of difficult budget The Committee strongly supports the Administration’s plan to restraints. In addition, the undisputed value of advancing funda- conduct a joint NASA/DOD study of the future space transporta- mental science must be balanced against the near-term benefits of tion needs of the United States. In the closing years of the next applications programs. decade and the early years of the twenty-first century, the space The pressure generated by this situation may create an opportu- transportation needs of this country may begin to change. By that nity to mitigate this situation or prevent its recurrence. NASA time: often finds itself faced with conflicting goals in that the agency -The growing success of space commercialization ventures could needs to plan ahead and continue to open technological options, place an increasing demand for lower cost reusable space but at the same time it must avoid spending Advanced Technology transportation systems. Development funds on projects that probably never will be devel- -Potential military projects could require a capability to place oped. At this time, the Committee perceives there to be more po- payloads into orbit that are as much as five times heavier than tential filght projects in the pipeline than realistically will be de- can be carried by the Space Shuttle. veloped in the short-term. Therefore, the Agency could take this -Other civil or military projects could require the availability of a manned Trans-Atmospheric Vehicle that can readily carry opportunity to review critically all the projects being studied and light payloads from a runway on Earth into space on a quick to eliminate any that are unlikely to be developed. Any resources so released could be applied to higher priority, near-term projects reaction basis. ( -Once in space, there will be a growing need to move men and to help alleviate the incipient build-up of candidate new start materials from one orbit or inclination into a separate orbit or missions. inclination and then back again. The Committee reiterates its understanding that sometimes a . mission must be studied in detail before its feasibility can be as- 16 sessed, and therefore every study will not necessarily lead to a The Committee notes with approval NASA’s efforts in developing the Spartan and Hitchhiker instrument carriers as a way to make flight missinn. available frequent, iowcost opprtunities to conduct science on the The Committee requests that NASA criticaiiy review all poteii- Shuttle. NASA is encouraged t,~de=.e!~p dnq~ite carrier capacitv tiai future ir~isaionaZCY: heizg studied or in advanced technology sn that carrier hardware never becomes a bottleneck science. ff development, with a view to iij kiiiifiatiiig wcrk nn!ikely to those siich carriers XP to be flown on a space-avaiiabie basis zs pq-l~ads to be developed and (ii) concentrating efforts on more likely near- of-opportunity they will have to be held in a standby status, which term new starts. The Agency should work with and through exist- means that several carriers will need to be available for experi- ing advisory groups and Keep the Cuiiiiiiiitee h!!y scc! current!y in- Gent intcTatinr? formed of the process. A summary report showing the results of the Althougx the Committee agrees with most of the Shuttie Science study and any funding actions taken shccid be submitted to the Working Group’s report, questions exist with regard to the efficacy Committee by Octo’ber i, 1385. cf three specific recommendations: The report recommmded (i) 3. Planetary erpZorafion.-The Committee reiterates its full support budget of $25 milliop for the development of intermediaie LLSin- of a national commitment to a healthy, vigorous planetary explo- struments; (ii) a Program Management Office for developing such ration program. Planetary exploration contributes not only to our instruments and (iii) a Shuttle Science Oversight Committee. understanding of the Earth and its place in the universe but is also The Committee is interested in NASA’s efforts in support of at the leading edge of our efforts to advance high technology. By shuttle intermediate class payload development and requests that studying other planets-their weather, their atmosphere, their the Administrator report to it by July 15, 1985 on the Agency’s chemistry, their geology-we learn more about the Earth. The ac- progress and on future plans in support of those efforts. The report complishments of our unmanned Viking landing on Mars and the should also include the funding needs anticipated by the Agency Voyager missions to the outer planets have not only captured the for intermediate class payload development over the next five interest and imagination of millions of Americans but demonstrat- years, the organizational framework envisioned by the Agency nec- ed to the world our technological leadership. essary for meeting the goal of increased scientific involvement on The Committee actions adding funds for specific missions are not the shuttle, NASA’s views of the proper balance between Spacelab intended to prejudice any other candidate mission, such as the and intermediate class payload development, and an analysis of the CRAF mission. - recommendations of the SSWG Report. Shuttle flight opportunities.-The Committee agrees with the Cost of missions-Facing as we are in a long list of highly recom- findines of the %&ember 1984 Report of the Shuttle Science Work- mended missions juxtaposed a ainst a very constrained budget and ing GFoup on the need to provide for more frequent shuttle flight recognizing the success of the !bar System Exploration Committee opportunities for university scientists. TOOlittle emphasis has been (SSEC) in creating a satisfactory and lowcost Planetary program, placed by NASA on deveiopment and integration of intermediate the Committee is stimulated to urge both the agency and the sci- class payloads for shuttle science. The existence of this issue sever- ence community to look at creative ways to reduce the costs of mb- al years after the Shuttle’s first flight demonstrates the difficulty sions while conserving their science value. The work of the SSEC is in giving science a high priority in an agency committed to large a good model. Other possible approaches include:.(i) The. “manage engineering projects. In light of the Committee’s interest in the de- rnent experiment” proposed for the Shuttle test of Gravity Probe-B velopment of intermediate class payloads, $3 million has been ear- which promises to save time and money. iiii consideration of ?,j-iz,ng marked for this purpose in the Shuttle/Spacelab Payload Develop a version of IRAS modified to study point sources. (iii) studying the ment line. use of data from existing spacecraft to ensure that maximum effec- The Committee strongly endorses the SSGG tiiding that “,“!P.SP- tive return is achieved from each mission, (ivj further stud ’n should encourage the use of the Shuttle for science and technology sions thought to be particuiariy coscuKwi;~e6iicb ix P#YZ,Mu investigations from the broader, worldwide research communitx IUE to extract lessons from them. than that represented by the established NASA-supported groups., The Committee would cautiously suggest, based on testimony and Most of the ciriect space scie~?cpinvestigations have been solicited experience, that when faced with a budget problem the science through the deveiopment of the Spacelab program which al!ows for coriimunity often finds it easier to ask for more money than to re- only 10-20 investigations per year. The accomodation of intermedi- examine its programs and priorities. The req~estfor an extra $25 ate clae payloaas wouici pruvi& grcak .-.cxr.hor nf fight nppor- million for intermediate class payloads might be an example of this tunities at a lower cost. tendency. Sciairtiak aie quik propr!y mnrp intwested in doing re- The Committee urges NASA to learn from its experience with search than program management, bui in the preseiit situation the shuttie and make exti2 effor!! te ensure the usefulness of the some program restructuring may- be necessary. If this is the case, Space Station in the early stages of its deveiopment for space sci- the rcstructuri~gshcnllzl he done with a view to maintaining the ence and a plications. Such attention to end uses will be equally maximum scientific value possible which will require input from important or commerciQ1users who will be particularly concerned the science community. about costsP and will want to minimize special preparations neces- Space telescope opemtions and maintenance.-The Committee sary for operating in space. continues to be concerned that operating costs for the Space Tele- 17 cal, and biological processes that regulate the Earth’s unique envi- scope (ST) and similar long-life facilities may absorb funds needed ronment for life, (ii) the changes that are occurring in the system, for developing new missions. The Committee is also concerned that and (iii) how they are influenced by human actions. NASA take steps to ensure that the ST is able to achieve full ob- This idea surfaced as a U.S. initiative at Unispace ’82, was ad- serving capability for a high fraction of its time on orbit. If operat- vanced by activities at the National Research Council, and last fall ing costs can be kept low and if the observing time on the ST is was formally considered by the International Council of Scientific high, there will be observing opportunities-both time and fund- Unions (ICSU). ICSU subsequently adopted a resolution to investi- ing-for many scientists. gate the possibility of such a formal international research pro- The Committee notes that although ST will not be launched gram and formed an advisory group to make a recommendation for until near the end of FY 1986, the FY 1985 operating plan contains implementation at the next ICSU council meeting in 1986. A US. $74 million and the FY 1986 request contains $88 million for ST Committee on IGBP has been formed b the National Research operations, maintenance and refurbishment. NASA must work to Council to develop the U.S. proposal to IC&. minimize these costs where necessary, and above all to ensure a The Committee believes that this program is very important, high science return from this investment. particularly because the Earth is undergoing several changes due Much of the Committee’s concern in this matter is based on a to activities of man compounded by natural changes. Thus, the 1984 report of the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applica- Earth could be experiencing a “greenhouse” effect due to increas- tions, “Space Telescope Cost, Schedule and Performance Review, ing atmospheric carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels while 1984”, which recommends several reports by NASA. The Commit- natural processes such as the EL Nino ocean warming and the El tee is displeased that the reports requested have not been prepared, Chichon volcano are also affecting the atmosphere. Separation and although one was requested specifically to support the FY 1986 re- understanding of these effects is becoming feasible: advances in quest for operations and maintenance funding. Based on informal computer technology for handling data and in Earth-observing satel- discussions with the agency, the Committee is assured that the re lites now begin to make study of the Earth as a system practical. ports will be available on the following schedule: The United States’ participation in IGBP could involve many -A report on detailed plans for the operation, maintenance, and agencies including NASA, NOAA, NSF, the Departments of refurbishment of the ST by May 1, 1985. Energy, Agriculture, Interior, and Defense, and EPA. A NASA Ad- -Analytical review of ST development as an aid to the manage- visory Committee on Earth System Science recognized that any ment of future large science programs, by January 15,1986. study of the Earth as a system would involve this large spectrum of -Report on the impact of the ST Science Institue on the ST de- agencies, and has been structured to include most of these organi- velopment program with a review toward aiding future space zations on the Committee. Therefore, the United States is moving science activities: by January 15, 1986. toward developing an appropriately broad science program. -A Report on the early post-launch operations of the ST Science Man NASA activities will contribute to the IGBP research ro- Institute by January 15,1988. gr-. hght missions include the Upper Atmosphere Research Lt- Two recommendations were not given a specific due date. Thex ellite (UARS), the Ocean To aphy Experiment (TOPEX), the are (i) that NASA take step to ensure “ample scientific return Na Research Ocean Satellitevptem (NROSS) Gvhich is a Navy from ST and pay particular attention to opportunities for remote saaite with a NASA instrument), the Geopotential Research Mis- observing; and (ii) that NASA work with relevant advisory commit- sion (GRM), and the Ocean Color Imager (OCI). Also, NASA’s inter- tees to consider “how long-term observatories should be maintained disciplinary research program and its Goddard Institute of Space and operated.” Science will contribute subatantiall to the science base of IGBP. The Committee expects that the Agency will meet the revised The Committee believes that IGB8 is very important, and that as schedule for the reports, and move effectively and promptly in the it proceeds observation of the Earth from space will%ecome an in- areas not having specific deadlines. tegral component. The Committee encourages NASA to continue Given that NASA will be building more such long-term science its research and development activities to su port IGBP and also to facilities it is very important that the leasons of ST be extracted continue its support of the Earth Systems gience Committee and and made available to others. Even the Space Station will be in the National Research Council Committee on IGBP. some respects a long-term observatory, and its development and op eration could be beneficially informed by the ST experience. The REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Committee intends to have this experience recorded and the lessons made explicit, rather than relying on institutional memory. Section 501(a) of the Land Remote Sensing Commercialization Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-365) directs NASA “to continue and to THE INTERNATIONAL GEOSPHERE/BIOSPHERE PROGRAM enhance [its] programs of remote-sensing research and develop ment.” As the most noteworthy recent event in NASA’s remote The International Geosphere/Biosphere Program (IGBP) is a pro- sensing program has been the cancellation of most of it work on posed program of international research aimed at understanding multi-linear array (MLA) technology, the Committee could be ex- $he Earth as a living planet. More specifically, the program would pected to conclude that the Agency neither continued nor en- $eek to deecribe and understand (i) the interactive physical, chemi- has The success of these initiatives will in large part depend on the hanced its program. Certainly, the Committee does not see the vig- strength of the partnership that can be forged between overn- nroi~sprogram that was envisioned by the language in P.L. 98-365. ment, private industry and universities. To this end, NA8 A has The Committee is not questioning the work NASA is doing in had considerable success in setting up formai reiaiivrisliiijs thxiiigh this area. The qiiality is ncceptzh!e hc? the quantity is lacking. In c=ztract=a! mechanisms such as the Joint Endeavor Agreement particular, there seems to be much too iiiik work on the app!ica- (JEAj, Techriical Exchaiige Agiezment !TE,4! md the Industrial tions of remote sensing from space. The Committee maintains a Guest Investigator (IGI). The Office of Commercial Programs has a great faith in this technology as potentially one of the greatest ben- particular contribution to make in seeking greater employment of efits for all mankind. But the benefits wiii noi jusi ilapperi. h''ASA &ae mecilaiiisjiis and consdidati~gtheir contract~a!processes in must support the research, especially applications research, neces- order to promote cooperative activity. sary to realize the benefits. NASA has identified in testimony before the Committee thzt it Section 501(e) of Pubiic Law 98-365 calls Tur j iiaiioiiiil plan f~r iiitends to pursgo these i~itiativescontained in NASA's Commer- research and development, to be jointly developed by NOAA and cial Use of Space Plan that relate to stimulating research and de- NASA and submitted to the congress by July 17, 1985. The commit- velopment. The Committee believes this is an appropriate course tee looks forward to the timely receipt of this report as a forerun- and one in line with the agency mission. NASA should work with ner of a more vigorous NASA program. and be guided by industry in planning and carrying out research The Committee reiterates that it considers the Nation's remote- and development to maximize opportunities for commercial devel- sensing capabilities as an important national asset. Public Law 98- opment of space. In this regard, the guidance of the NASA Adviso- 365 recognized this by providing that any commercial activity must ry Council Task Force on Commercialization will be particularly operate in such a way as to preserve the public interest and our important. national security. NASA's research activities should support this NASA should also explore with equal intensity those initiatives national asset, much as NASA's communications research and de- that will eliminate technical, financial or institutional barriers to velopment program supports our national communications satellite private sector participation in space. industry. Use of the procurement process to foster commercialization COMMERCIAL USE OF SPACE To this end, the creative use of procurement authority woild appear to offer one of the most potentially effective methods by The development and expansion of a commercial orientation which NASA could promote the growth of privately developed within government and particularly NASA has significantly pro- spaceware and services. NASA has made preliminary identification . gressed over the past year as a result of Presidential and Congres- of this avenue in the aforementioned policy statement on the Com- sional commitments to expand opportunities for private sector in- mercial IJse of Space (initiative A-5--"NASA Purchase of Commer- volvement in space. Notably, during 1984, NASA established an cial Space Products") whereby NASA might agree to purchase com- Office of Commercial Programs to serve as a focus for an agency- mercial space products to meet NASA requirements or other estab wide program to encourage private sector investment in space and lished needs. This initiatives would appear to offer distinct advan- to assist new high technology commercia! space uer?turec. The tages to NASA, and to the Nation, including enhanced competition, agency also issued, at the end of last year, a Commercial Use of iower costs and the availability of new and alternative technicolo- Space Policy which contains numerous initiatives to reduce the gies, products and capabilities. technical, financial and institutional risks of doing business in The willingness of private investors to undertake the risks of pri- space. \ete!y finnnring commercial space ventures is a recent phenome- NASA's first order of business is clearly to mobilize its internal non, and a trend that should be fostered by NASA and the Con- resources in such a manner that it can be prepared to address the gress. This kind of private sector participation in space develop policy changes and other initiatives that are intended to facilitate ment should trigger a reevaluation of the government's traditional the private sect,or's entry into space. Fiscal Year 1986 marks the methods of doing business. The process should at the least be sensi- first formai budget request of the Office of Commercial Programs, tive to certain obstacles that may stand as disincentives to private and the office is currently staffed at a three-quarters operating sector participation in space. For exampie, new commercizi sys- ievel. Tl~eCoiiiiiiittee notrs 1:;itf: sczo CCXC~~Ethe effect of t,he cur- tems may be perceived to involve a greater risk factor than those rent Federal hiring freeze which prohibits the agency from hiring which have been cieveioped with governmeiii ~UIJ&, or have a!- from the commercial community which it intends to serve. ready been procured and tested successfully. New aerospace compa- The Fisca! Year 1986 funding request will go toward the support nies may also be sensitive to the financial expenses associated with of Centers for the Commercial Deveioprnent of Space; stimulating markeiing arid techiichgy development ccsts. NASA Research with Commercial Potential; increasing the avail- The Committee's intention is that NASA's procurement process ability of NASA facilities; stimulating private sector commercial be structured in a manner that allows new companies to compete research; and outreach to establish new links with the private equitably with established government contractors. The willingness sector. of entrepreneurs to privately finance aerospace hardware or serv- 19 with the prohetic wore, “That’s one small step for a man, one ices might be recognized in the procurement process to the extent giant leap for mankind. necessary to offset any negative evaluation NASA might make in conjunction with a greater risk factor associated with a new com- REORIENTATION OF AEROPROPUISION mercial venture. NASA could develop different mechanisms to equalize competitive procurements and thus further commercializa- RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY AT LEWIS RESEARCH CENTER tion. Such mechanisms could include the use of private financing NASA has three field centers that carry out most of the agency’s as a selection criterion for Source Evaluation Boards, or as a tie- aeronautical research and technology development. The Lewis Re- breaker, in competitive procurements. search Center in Cleveland has lead responsibility for aeropropul- The Committee recognizes that the use of such a positive crite- sion research and technology. rion for private financing might be inappropriate in certain cases, The Committee is concerned about a recent change in the ap- for instance, if a private venture interfered with other national proach to conducting this effort at Lewis. Previously, the Center’s goals, or NASA obligations. These exceptions could be dealt with aeropropulsion work was organized along discipline lines, with ge- by NASA as appropriate. neric research being performed across the board in all areas relat- Use of procurement procedures appears fully consistent with cur- ed to aircraft engines (e.g. inlets, compressors, combustors, tur- rent law and policy, which include: bines, power transfer, controls, etc.). Under the new approach, all -The National Aeronautics and Space Act, as amended, which work, with a few exceptions, will be aimed at several highly fo- sets forth as a matter of national policy that NASA “seek and cused, projectatyle thrusts such as the Advanced Turboprop encourage, to the maximum extent possible, the fullest com- Project or more general categories such as high-speed aircraft. mercial use of space.” Basic research on components will henceforth only be done to solve -The President’s National Policy on the Commercial Use of problems that arise in pursuing these focused efforts. Space (July 20, 1984) which states the intent to “facilitate long- The Committee is concerned about this change for two reasons. term contracts with new space ventures if the government has First, the flow of new ideas that come from basic research may dry a need for the product and if the purchase would be costeffi- up because small but valuable areas of research will be dropped; cient.” and second, NASA may no longer be able to serve as a center of -The Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-369, July expertise for industry in many generic areas. The Committee re 18, 1984) which directs agencies to use competitive procure- quests that NASA monitor closely the effect of this change, paying ment procedures whenever possible. close attention to the views of industry, and report the results to NASA is requested to study means by which the agency can uti- the Committee annually for the next several years. lize existing procurement authority in a manner that effectively encourages commercial space ventures. NASA should report its COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS findings to the Committee by September 1,1985. Computational fluid dynamics is a new research method, made FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PHYSICALLY DISABLED possible by the advent of supercomputers, that allows simulation of the aerodynamic forces on an aircraft, giving answers that previ- The Committee is highly supportive of the efforts of NASA to ously were obtainable only through more expensive wind tunnel or ensure that a wide spectrum of Americans will have an opportuni- actual flight testing. As such, it represents a dramatic break- ty to fly in space. The Space Transportation System is a unique through in research capability as well as a practical aid to aircraft and very valuable national asset which must be used to benefit all designers. Americans. The centerpiece of NASA’s work in developing computational There are hundreds of thousands of Americans who have become fluid dynamics techniques and in using them for research purposes disabled as the result of spinal cord damage due to accidents or is the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulator. This system, built combat wounds. These Americans are proud and courageous indi- around the latest commercially available central processor, will viduals who have a lifetime of barriers which bar their opportuni- provide a quantum leap in computing power, allowing researchers ties to being as fully productive as they are capable of being. to solve problems that are not possible with current computers. In the zero4 environment of space all of the invidious barriers The Initial Operating Capability of NASA is scheduled for late to access are removed and all space travelers are equally weight- 1986. Subsequently, plans envision replacing the central processor less. The Committee sees this flight as far more than a symbolic every few years as technology advances, thereby keeping the voyage of indomitable courage. It is an historic opportunity to system at the forefront of computer capability. prove that those who bear the lifelong burden of a handicap on The Committee recognizes and supports the costs associated with Earth may be freed to become highly valuable and fully productive establishing the basic NASA capability, but is concerned about the members of the space b& materials processing economy of the level of ongoing cost to operate, maintain and upgrade the capabil- . future. ity of NASA. Therefore, the Committee requests that NASA provide, ’ It is ironic that this program was perfectly characterized by by October 1, 1985, a ten-year plan showing estimated costs for Apollo 11 astronaut Neal Armstrong on July 20, 1969, as he NASA broken down into ongoing operations, hardware replace became the first man to set a tentative foot on the lunar surface ments, software modifications, etc. 20 EXPLANATION OF THE BILL CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES TITLEI - SUMMARY The bill authorizes Research and Development in section i01(a), Space Flight, Control and Data Communications in section 101(b), Ccr,strcctinn of Facilities in section 101(c), and Research and Pro- Project Authorization i Page gram Management in section 101(d). These activities are exphind fiscal year 1986 j No. below: - --*- *-~nnmxrrnDnflpNT i Space Transportation Facilities, at HEbbAKCF AIIYUurn v EYVLIVI-. - - various !c&ior?s, pr foilows: A. Construction of Orbiter Modification and Refurbish- SUMMARY ment Facility, Kennedy - Space Center. B. Construction of Thermal 3,600,000 188 Authorization Page fiscal year 1986 No. Protection System Facility, - Kennedy Space Center. C. Modifications for Advanced 6,500,000 189 1. Space Station ...... 28 Technology Engine Test 2. Space transportation capability de- 32 Stand S-lC, Marshall Space velopmen t. Flight Center. 3. Physics and astronomy ...... 637,400,000 43 D. Modifications for Enhanced 1,100,000 190 4. Life sciences ...... 72,000,000 56 Life Support Systems Test- 5. Planetary exploration ...... 359,000,000 60 ing, Johnson Space Center. 6. Space applications ...... 550,800,000 69 E. Modifications to Pad A Pay- 2,200,000 190 7. Technology utilization ...... 11,100,000 94 load Change-Out Room, Ken- 8. Commercial use of space ...... 20,000,000 96 nedy Space Center. 9. Aeronautical research and technol- 354,000,000 97 F. Modifications to Space Shut- 2,500,000 191 Ogy. tle Main Engine Su port 10. Space research and technology ...... 168,000,000 127 Systems, National gpace 11. Tracking and data advanced sys- 16,200,000 154 Technology Laboratories. 2. Construction of Payload Control 1,200,000 191 Rooms, Kennedy Space Center. 00 192 __ 3. Construction of Additions to Re- 3,800,000 search Projects Laboratory, God- SPACE FLIGHT, CONTROL AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS dard Space Flight Center. 4. Construction of Spacecraft Syskms n,mjoon 193 Development and Integration Fa- SUMMARY cility. 5. Construction of Microdevices Lab 8,900,000 194 __ I rstnry, Jet Propulsion Laborato- 1 Authorization, Page ry. fiscal year 1986 No. 6. Construction of Numerical Aerody- 8,200,ooa 194 - __ nauiic Sirn:!&,ic:: %ci!ity, .Amps 1. Shuttle production and operational $1.01 1,500,000 Research Center. 1 156 7. Modifications to 16-Foot Transonic 4,900,000 195 capabiiity . I 2. Space transportation operations ...... 1,715,100,000 Tmne! fer Improved Productivi- 163 ty and Research Capability, 3. Space and ground networks, commu- 803,300,000 168 nication and data systems. I Langley Research Center. 8. Modification of 64-Meter Antenna 8,500,000 195 Total ...... 1 3,529,900,000 DSS-14, Goldstone, California, - Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 21

SUMMARY-Continued PERSONNELAND RELATEDCOSTS, $931,813,000

COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS Authorization Page, Project fiscal year 1986 No. 1. Compensation - 9. Modification of 64-Meter Antenna 8,900,000 196 a. Permanent Positions.-This part of Personnel and Related DSS-43, Canberra, Australia, Jet Costs covers the salaries of the full-time permanent civil service Propulsion Laboratory. workforce and is the largest part of this functional category. 10. Repair of Facilities at Various Le 22,000,000 196 b. Other Than Full-Time Permanent Positions.-This category in- cations, Not In Excess of $750,000 cludes the salaries of NASA’s non-permanent workforce. Programs Per Project. such as students participating in cooperative training, summer em- 11. Rehabilitation and rvlodification of 27,000,000 197 ployment, youth opportunity, and temporary clerical support are Facilities at Various Locations, covered in this category. Not In Excess of $750,000. c. Reimbursable Detai1ees.-In accordance with existing agree 12. Minor Construction of New Facili- 6,000,000 198 ments, NASA reimburses the parent Federal organization for the ties and Additions to Facilities, salaries and related costs of persons detailed to NASA. Not In Excess of $500,000 Per d. Overtime and Other Compensation.--Overtime, holdiay, past Project. and night differential, and hazardous duty pay are included in this 13. Facility Planning and Design ...... 12,000,000 199 category. Also included are incentive awards for outstanding Geneml reductions ...... -l,W,OOO achievement and superior performance awards. 2. Benefits In addition to compensation, NASA makes the employer’s contri- RESEARCH AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, $1,345,000,000 bution to personnel benefits as authorized and r uired b law. These benefits include contributions to the Civil%rvice &tire- SUMMARY OF THE BUDGET PLAN BY FUNCTION ment Fund, employees’ life and health insurance, payments to the Personnel and related cm $931,813,000 Medicare fund for permanent employees, and social security contri- Travel ...... 31,000,000 Operation of installation .... 382,187,000 butions for non-permanent personnel. Payments to the Civil Serv- ice Retirement Fund for reemployed annuitants and for severance Total ...... 1,345,OOO,000 pay to former employees involuntarily separated through no fault The Research and Program Management authorization of appro- of their own are also included. priations funds the performance and management of research, technology and test activities at NASA installations, and the plan- SUPPORTING COSTS ning, management and support of the many and varied contractor 1. Transfer of personnel. research and development tasks necessary to meet the Nation’s ongoing objectives in aeronautical and space research. Objectives of Relocation costs, such as the expenses or selling and buying a the efforts funded by the Research and Program Management ap- home, and the movement and storage of household goods are pre propriation are to (1) provide the technical and management capa- vided under this category. bility of the civil service staff needed to conduct the full range of programs for which NASA is responsible, (2) provide base mainte- 2. office of Personnel Management services. nance of facilities and manage their use in support of research and The Office of Personnel Management is reimbursed for certain development programs, and (3) provide effective and efficient tech- activities such as security investigations on new hires, recruitment nical and administrative support for the research and development advertising, and career-maturity surveys. programs. For 1986, an appropriation of $1,345,000,000 is requested. 9. Personnel tmining. Training is provided within the framework of the Government Employees Training Act of 1958. Part of the training costs consists of courses offered by other Government agencies, and the remainder provides for training through nongovernment sources. 22

TRAVEL,$31,00C,OCO Operation af Installatic:: prcvides a broad range of services: supplies, and equipment in support of the centers' institutional activi- PROGRAM TRAVEL ties. These are divided into three major subfunctional areas: Facili- ... c1____:,.,.- The wgest pat of travel is for direction, coordination and man- LI~SOW vILeD (the cost af renting rez! property, maintaining and re- agement of program activities including international programs pairing institutional facilities and equipment, and the cost of custo- and activities. The complexity of the programs and the geographi- dial services and utiiities); Technical Services (the cost of automatic cal distribution of NASA installations and contractors necessitate datz prxessing for management art,ivities. and the cost of educa- the need for this category of travel. As projects reach the flight tional and information programs and technical shops supporting stage, support is required for prelaunch activities, including over- institutional activities); and Management and Operations (the cost seas travel to launch and tracking sites. The amount of travel re- of administrative communications, printing, transportation, medi- quired for flight projects is significant as it is directly related to the cal, supply, and related services). A description of each major sub- number of systems and subsystems, the number of design reviews, function follows: and the number and complexity of the launches and associated FACILITIES SERVICES ground operations. 1. Rental of real property SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT TRAVEL Rental of real property includes the rental of building space di- Travel to scientific and technical meetings and sminars permits rectly by NASA or through the General Services Administration to employees engaged in research and development to participate at meet offsite office, warehousing, and other requirements which both Government sppnsored and nongovernment sponsored semi- cannot otherwise be provided in existing buildings at the NASA In- nars. This participation allows personnel to benefit from exposure stallation. Most of the funding is required for rental of the NASA to technological advances which arise outside NASA, as well as al- Headquarters complex of buildings in the District of Columbia, and lowing personnel to present both accomplishments and problems to nearby Maryland and Virginia that are either Government-owned their associates and provides for the dissemination of technical re- or leased for which NASA must provide rental payments to the General Services Administration in accordance with P.L. 92-313. sults to the US. community. Many of the Government sponsored Also included in this item is rental of trailers required to accommo- meetings are working panels convened to solve certain problems for the benefit of the Government. date special short-term needs. 2. Maintenance and related activities MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS TRAVEL Maintenance and related activities include the recurring day-today maintenance of facilities (ground, buildings, structures, etc.i Management and operations travel provides for the direction and and equipment which is accomplished by non-Civil Service person- coordination of general management matters and travel by officials nel. This involves the mowing and care of grassy areas, care of to review the status of programs. It includes travel by functional trees and shrubs. elevators, cranes, pressure vessel inspections, managers in such areas as personnei, financiai management and painting and protective coatings, general buildings maintenance, procurement. This category also includes the cost of travel in and and the maintenance of installed mechanical, electrical, and other around the Installations; travel of unpaid members of research ad- systems. In addition, this .item includes feasibility studies, project visory committees; and initial duty station, permanent change of design, construction supervision, inspection, and other institutional assignment, and ether fami!y trave! expenses. Payments to inter- c-nn;lablllrJ 1: +.r enba.6aLabb.4 n nnri nm h.l..~l.-.--l. 2 nrtinnc _____Tnrldd ___ - ___a1.w- are any applicable agency motor poois are included in the Operation of Installatior, costs associated with recurring facility work as well as materials, function (Management and Operations subfunction). hardware, and equipment used in facility maintenance activities, w'neihsr accurxiplishcd by cit-i: ser;-i~.e pi=iiiie! ~i c~ntr~ct~~.I= OPERATIONOF $382,187,000 INSTALLATION, the cost of equipment, related maintenance and other services are FISCAL YEAR 1986 BUDGET PLAN reflected for office, shop, laboratory and other facilities equipment $212,n2,000 as ::.e!! as administrztive intema! ca~mimicntioneand tx+vision Technical servic es..... 66,071,000 monitoring equipment. Management and operations ...... 103,844,000 Total ...... 382,187,000 3. Custodial services MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS Custodial services include janitorial and building cleaning serv- 1. Administrative communications ices, pest control, fire protection services, security services including badging and identification, lock and safe repair, trash and Included in this category are costs of leased lines not dedicated to refuse handling, window blinds and light fixture cleaning, and a specific program or project, long distance tolls (including FTS laundry and dry cleaning of facility related items. charges), teletype services, and local telephone- service. 4. Utilities services 2. Printing and reproduction Utilities services include the purchase of utilities such as elec- Included in this categdry are the costs for duplicating, blueprint- tricity, natural gas, fuel oil, coal, steam, propane, and other fuel ing, microfilming, and other photographic reproductions. Also in- commodities as well as water and sewage treatment services. Also cluded in this category are Government Printing Office printing included are the related maintenance and operating costs of the costs, contractual printing and the related composition and binding utility plans and systems. operations. TECHNICAL SERVICES J. Transportation 1. Automatic data processing Transportation services include the operation and maintenance of all general purpose motor vehicles used by both civil service and a. Eguipment.-This category provides for the lease, purchase support contractor personnel. The cost of movement of supplies and and maintenance of general purpose data processing equipment equipment by commercial carriers and payments to interagency which supports institutional operations at each installation. Ex- cluded is equipment dedicated to specific research or operational motor pools are also in this category. systems which is funded from the Research and Development ap- 4. Installation common services propriation. b. Operations. -Operations services include programming, com- Installation common services include support activities at each puter operations and related services for institutional applications installation such as: occupational medicine and environmental including payroll, financial management, security, maintenance, health; mail service; supply management; patent services; adminis- personnel, logistics, and procurement records and reports. trative equipment; office supplies and materials; and postage. 2. Scientific and technical information and educational programs a. Libraries. -The technical libraries are established to provide installation staffs with books, periodicals, technical reports and other scientific documentation. b. Education and Information Program.-The educational and informational programs provide for the documentation and dissemination of information about the Agency’s programs to the general public, the educational community at the elementary and secondary levels, and the mass communications media. Assistance to the mass communications media includes the assembly and exposi- tion of newsworthy material in support of requests in the form of press kits, news releases, television and radio information tapes and clips, and feature material. c. Shop and Support Services-Shop and support services include general fabrication shops, reliability and quality assurance activities, safety, photographic services, graphics, and audio-visual material. 24 SECTIONAL ANALYSIS for scientific c0,n~t:~~tionoi extraerdinary expeens~,including rep I resentation and official entertainment expenses, upon the author- A BILL TO AUTHORIZE APPROPRIATIONS TO THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS ity of the Administrator, whose determination shall be final and AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, conclusive. SPACE FLIGHT CONTROL, AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS, CONSTRUC- Subsection 10lfi) would provide that of the funds appropriated TION OF FACILITIES, AND RESEARCH AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, for “Research and development,” “Space flight, control and data AND FOR O’l‘HEH PUKPOSES communications,” and “Research and program management,” not in excess of $100,000 per project iinciuding coiiaierai equipiiieiit; TITLEI may be used for construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities, and for repair, rehabilitation, or modification of fa- Section 101 cilities. T‘nis seciioii iiki, providss that nst i:: excess cf $%C,C!X! per Subsections (a). (3). (c), and (d) would authorize to be appropri- project of “Research and development” and “Space flight, control ated to the National Aermautics and Space Administration. funds, and data comnunicitior,s”, funds may b ased for any of the above in the total aggregated amount of $7,886,000,000, as follows: (a)for for unforeseen programmatic neecis. “Research and development,” a total of 11 program line items aggregating the sum of $2,862,800,000; (b) for “Space flight, control Section 102 and data communications,:’ a total of 3 line items aggregating the Section 102 would authorize upward variations of the sums au- sum of $d,5ZY,MU,UUU; wi lor “Zonstruciiuri UT faciLtizs,” a total of thorized for t,he “C!nstruction of facilities” line items (other than 12 line items, but no more than the sum of $148,300,000; and (d) for facilities planning and design) of 10 percent at the discretion of the “Research and program management,” $1,345,000,000. Administrator or his designee, or 25 percent following a report by Subsection 101(e) would authorize the use of appropriations for the Administrator or his designee to the Committee on Science and “Research and development” and “Space flight, control and data Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on communications” without regard to the provisions of subsection Commerce, Science and Transportation of the Senate on the cir- l(h) for: (1) items of a capital nature (other than the acquisition of cumstances of such action, for the purpose of meeting unusual cost land) required at locations other than NASA installations for the variations. However, the total cost of all work authorized under performance of research and development contracts; and (2) grants these line items may not exceed the total sum authorized for “Con- to nonprofit institutions of higher education, or to nonprofit organi- struction of facilities” under subsection l(c). zations, whose primary purpose is the conduct of scientific re- Section 103 search, for purchase or construction of additional research facilities. Title to such facilities shall be vested in the United States Secton 103 would provide that not more than one-half of 1 per- unless the Administrator determines that the national program of cent of the funds appropriated for “Research and development” aeronautical and space activities will best be served by vesting title and “Space flight, control and data communications” may be trans- in any such grantee institution or organization. Moreover, each ferred to and merged with the “Construction of.facilities” appro- such grant shall be made under such conditions as the Administra- priation, and, when so transferred, together with $10,000,000 of the tor shall find necessary to ensure that the United States will re- funds appropriated for “Construction of facilities,” (other than the ceive benefit therefrom adequate to justify the making of that funds for facilities planning and design) shall be available for the grant. construction of facilities and land acquisition at any location if the In either case, no funds may be used for construction of a facility Administrator determines (1) that such action is necessary because in accordance with this subsection, the estimated cost of which, in- of changes in the aeronautical and space program or new scientific cluding collateral equipment, exceeds $500,000, unless the Adminis- or engineering developments, and (2) that deferral of such action trator notifies the Speaker of the House, the President of the until the next authorization Act is enacted would be inconsistent Senate and the specified committees of the Congress of the nature, with the interest of the Nation in aeronautical and space activities. location, and estimated cost of such facility. However, no such funds may be obligated until 30 days have passed Subsection lOlCfl would provide that, when so specified and to the after the Administrator or his designee has transmitted to the extent provided in an appropriation Act, (ij any arriouiii tippi-opri- Speaker of the House, the President of the Senate and the specified ated for “Research and development,” “Space flight, control and committees of Congress a written report containing a description or” data communications,” or for “Construction of facilities” may the project, its cost, and the reason why such project is in the na- remain avaiiabie without fiscai year hiitatioii, and (2) cmtracts tional interest. for maintenance and operation of facilities, and support services Section 104 may be entered into under the “Research and program management” appropriation for periods iioi in excess of twelve months be- Section 104 would provide that, notwithstanding any other provi- ginning at any time duting the fiscal year. sions of this Act- Subsectton lVnlry wx!d a~thorize the use of not to exceed (1) no amount appropriated pursuant to this Act may be used $35,000 of the “Research and program management” appropriation fCii p~~g~iiidel&,& by the COE~~PSSfrom req1~Pr;t-c;8s 25 originally made to either the House Committee on Science and Section 109 Technology or the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science Section 109 would direct NASA to report to Congress within a 90 and Transportation, day period the implementation status of those recommendations (2) no amount appropriated pursuant to this Act may be used contained in the President’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control for any program in excess of the amount actually authorized and such other recommendations as may be included in the OMB for this particular program by subsections l(a), l(b) and l(d), report “Management of the United States Government-1986’’ and which directly affect NASA. (3) no amount appropriated pursuant to this Act may be used for any program which has not been presented to either such Section 110 committee, Section 110 would direct the Administrator to initiate a feasibili- unless a period of 30 days has pdafter the r&eipt by the ty study and planning efforts as may be necessary to provide a Speaker of the House, the President of the Senate and each such timely flight opportunity for a physically disabled American. committee of notice given by the Administrator or his designee containing a full and complete statement of the action proposed to TITLEI1 be taken and the facts and circumstances relied upon in support of such proposed action. Section 201 Section 201(1) sets forth that the Space Transportation System is Section 105 a vital element of the United States space program. Section 105 would express the senseaof the Congress that it is in Section 201(2) sets forth that the Space Transportation System is the national interest that consideration be given to geographical the primary space launch system for United States national securi- distribution of Federal research funds whenever feasible and that ty and civil governmental missions. the National Aeronautics and Space Administration should explore Section 201(3) sets forth that the Space Transportation System ways and means of distributing ita research and development funds contributes to the expansion of United States private investment whenever feasible. and involvement in space. Section 201(4) sets forth that the availability of the Space Trans- Section 106 portation System to foreign users for peaceful purposes is an im- Section 106 would provide the NASA Mice of Inspector General portant means of promoting international cooperative activities in (OIG) staff with statutory oath administrdtion authority during the the national interest and in maintaining the freedom of space for course of OIG investigations and audits. activities which enhance the security and welfare of mankind. The NASA OIG staff is one of the few within the executive Section 201(5) sets forth the commitment of the United States in branch which lacks this authority. Inspector General organizations maintaining world leadership in space transportation. in the executive departments have authority to administer oaths Section 201(6) sets forth that making the Space Transpoftation while investigating fraud or misconduct per 5 U.S.C.303(a). Some System fully operational and cost effective in providing routine independent agencies have oath administration powers in their access to space will maximize the national economic benefits of the statutes; these include the General Services Administration, the system. Small Business Administration and the Veterans Administration. Section 201(7) sets forth that the national goals and objectives for the Space Transportation System can be furthered by a stable and Section IO7 fair pricing policy for the Space Transportation System. Section 107 would provide for the procurement of structural spares Section 202 to ensure cost effective operation of the Space Transportation System and to maintain production readiness for a fifth orbiter Section 202 sets forth the purpose of the title which is to set a vehicle. reimbursement pricing policy for the Space Transportation System for commercial and foreign users which is consistent with the ob- Section 108 jectives of the Space Transportation System and encourages full Section 108 would amend Title I1 of the FY 1985 NASA Authori- and effective use of space. zation which established a National Commission on Space. The Section 203 amendment would provide that the Commission recommend a long Section 203 defines certain terms for the purposes of Title 11. range plan on U.S. civilian space activity within eighteen months. Section 203(1) defines “Administrator” as the Administrator of The original act envisioned a report within a 12 month timeframe. r the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ‘ Section 203(2) defines “additive costs” as the direct and indirect costs to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of providing additional flights of the Space Transportation System 26 beyond the costs associated with those flights necessary to meet the TITLEI11 United States Government‘s space transportation needs, including Section 301 would amend Section 24 of the Commercial Space the average direct and indirect costs of program charges for man- Launch Act (P.L. 98-575) to authorize appropriations to the Office power. expended hardware, refurbishment of hardware, spare of Commercial Space Transportation, Department of Transporta- parts, propellants, provisions, consuniabks, launch adrecnvetry tion. totaling $586,009 f9r fiscal year 1986. services, program support, and contract administration. Section 203(3) defines “operating costs’’ as the total direct and in- EFFECTSOF LEGISLATIONON INFLATION direct costs to the iqational Airoiizitics 225 S~ECPAdministration !z ncccrdance with Euie Clause 2(1! cf the Rules of the House to operate the Space Transportation System, including the direct Xi, of Representatives this legislation is assessed LO have IIU dveisc and indirect costs OF program charges fw manpower, expended long-run inflationary effects on prices and cost in the operation of hardware, refurbishment of hardware, spare parts, prope!!ar,ts, the national econoxy. NASA expenditures are iabot intensive, provisions, consumables, launch and recovery services, program with approximately 80 percent of spending directly for jobs and the support, and contract administration. remainder for materials. NASA employs about 21,800 civil servants Section 203(4) defines “capital recovery charge” as a charge de- and supports about 133 thousand contractor and support services termined by the Adiiiiiiistr&,t=rb~ed oy? the cost of an orbiter am- employees. Assuming multiplier effect 2.5, the total, short-run em- ortized over 100 flights. ployment effect on the United States economy ia abmt 3% thou- Section 204(a) directs the Administrator, except as provided in sand jobs. This represents less than one-half of one percent of the subsections (c) and (e),to charge each commercial or foreign user of total civilian labor force in the United States-too small to have a the Space Transportation System, as reimbursement. a pro rata significant national effect. There could however be some specific portion of an amount determined under subsection (b).The author- cases of industrial and regional employment and price changes in- ity under this title is in addition to the authority granted the fluenced by NASA expenditures. NASA Administrator in Section 203(cX5) of the National Aeronau- tics and Space Act, as amended. CHANGESIN EXISTINGLAW MADE EV THE BILLAs REPORTED Section 204(bX1) defines the amount referred to in subsection (a) as equal to the sum of the average additive cost of a flight plus a In compliance with clause 3 of rule XI11 of the Rules of the capital recovery charge for a flight. House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, Section 20401x2) sets a maximum amount for the purpose of H.R. 1714, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed paragraph (1) as the average operating cost of a dedicated commer- to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed cial flight of the Space Transportation System. in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in Section 204(c) authorizes the Administrator to reduce the amount roman): charged any commercial or foreign user of the Space Transporta- tion System, but not below that user’s pro rata portion of the aver- SECTION204 OF THE NATIONALAERONAUTICS AND SPACE age additive cost of a flight of the Space Transportation System, as ADMINISTRATIONAUTHORIZATION ACT, 1985 necessary to achieve one or more of the following goals: (1) the FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION preservation of the role of the United States as a leader in space research, technology and development; (2) the efficient use of the SEC.204. (a) * * Space Transportation System; (3) the long range goal of greatly in- a * * * * t * creasing commercial space activities; and (4) the goal of enhancing the international competitive position of the United States in pro- (c) Within [twelve] eighteen months after the date of the estab- viding space transportation services and capabilities. lishment of the Commission, the Commission shall submit to the Sxiioii 204:d) directs the Administrator to assume twenty four President and to the Committee on Commerce, Science and Trans- flights per year of the Space Transportation System for the pur- portation of the Senate and the Committee on Science and Technol- poses of this title. ogy of the House of Representatives, a iong ~ii~igeplan fcr Uzited kiioii 204(e) aQthorizes the Administrator to set an amount States civilian space activity incorporating the results of the stud- lower than the amount determined under subsections (a), (bi, and ies conducted under this section, together with recommendations (c), or provide no cost flights for any commercial or foreign users of for such legislation as the Gmmission dekrmihes ta be appropri- the Space Transportation System who is involved in research and ate. development programs with NASA. &tion 205 sets forth the effective date of this title as applying to flights of the Space Transportation System during the period beginning October l, 1988, and ending September 30, 1991. 27 SECTION24 OF THE COMMERCIALSPACE LAUNCH ACT and establishes a space shuttle pricing policy for foreign and commercial users during fiscal years 1989 through 1991. AUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS The authorization includes $2,727 million for the production and SEC.24. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary operation of the space shuttle, $230 million for the development of $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1985. There is authorized to be appropri- a space station, $2,633 million for other research and development ated to the Secretary to carry out this Act $586,000 for fiscal year activities, and $803 million for the space tracking system. The bill 1986. also includes $148 million for construction of facilities and $1,345 million for research and program management. The total amount * * * * * * authorized is the same as the President’s budget request and approximately $375 million above the fiscal year 1985 appropriations OVERSIGHTFINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS for NASA. 5. Estimated cost to the Federal Government: Pursuant to Rule XI, Clause 2(1)(3) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, and under the authority of Rule X, Clause 2(bH1) and Clause 3(D, the following statement is made concerning the [By Iml years. in million 01 dollars] Committee’s oversight findings and recommendations. 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 The results and findings from those oversight activities are incorporated in the recommendations found in the present bill and Authorization level report. Function 250 Civilian space 7 264 Function 400 Aeronautics and commercialization 623 CONGRESSIONALBUDGET ACT INFORMATION Total 7,881 The bill provides for new authorization rather than new budget Estimated wtlap authority and consequently the provisions of section 308(a) of the Function 250 Civilian space 5,351 1648 245 18 1 Congressional Budget Act of 1974 are not applicable. No authoriza- Function 400 Aeronautics and commercialization 396 180 44 2 1 tion for State or local financial assistance is included in the bill. Total 5141 1829 289 20 2 CONGRESSIONALBUDGET OFFICE-COST ESTIMATE H.R. 1714 establishes a pricing policy for foreign and commercial US. CONGRESS, users of the space shuttle in fiscal years 1989 through 1991. Accord- CONGRESSIONALBUDGET OFFICE, ing to this policy, the price charged to these users could be between Washington, OC, March 28, 1985. $40 million and $71 million (all prices in 1982 dollars) for a dedicat- Hon. DON FUQUA, ed shuttle mission. This is below the current NASA proposal for Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology, that period of $87 million and generally below the $74 million price Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC. that will be in effect for fiscal years 1986 through 1988. DEARMR. CHAIRMAN:The Congressional Budget Office has pre- The budgetary impact of the H.R. 1714 pricing policy cannot be pared the attached cost estimate for H.R. 1714, the National Aero- accurately estimated. There is now no pricing policy in place for nautics and Space Administration Act, 1986. that period that would provide a basis for comparison. Also, the If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased to effect of pricing on demand for such services and the competitive provide them. position of the shuttle relative to other launch systems further With best wishes, complicate such estimates. The highest current estimates of foreign Sincerely, and commercial demand for flights are around six per year. Given RUDOLPHG. PENNER. this assumption and a $40 million price per flight, the loss of reim- bursements relative to the current Administration proposal would CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE be about $280 million (in 1982 dollars), assuming no effects on demand. If the price under H.R. 1714 were at the higher end of the 1. Bill number: H.R. 1714. estimated range, and the flight rate lower, however, the difference 2. Bill title: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration would be substantially less. Act, 1986. The costs of this bill fall within budget function 250. 3. Bill status: As ordered reported by the House Committee on Basis of estimate: The authorization levels are the amounts speci- Science and Technology on March 27,1985. fied in the bill. The outlay estimates assume that all funds author- 4. Bill purpose: This bill authorizes the appropriation of $7,886 ized will be appropriated prior to the beginning of fiscal year 1986 million for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and that spending will reflect historical patterns. c and $568 thousand for the Office of Commercial Space Transporta- 6. Estimated cost to State and local governments: None. tion within the Department of Transportation for fiscal year 1986 7. Estimate comparison: None. 28 8. Previous CEO estimate. None. , 9. Estimate prepared by: Pau1.M. DiNardo. Second, in addition to providing authorization of appropriations 0 10. Estimate approved by C.G. Nuckols (for James L. Mum, As- in the amounts recommended by the President in his Budget for sistant Director for Budget Analysis). fiscal year 1986, the bill also would provide authorization for such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1987. It is specified that OVERSIGHTFINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS,COMMITTEE ON all of the limitations and other provisions of the bill applicable to GOVERNMENTOPERATIONS amounts appropriated pursuant to section 1 shall apply in the No findings or recommendations on oversight activity pursuant same manner io arnouriis appropriiited Ijui-siiiiiii tu s&iCii C. to Rule X, clause 2(b)(2),and Rule XI, clause 2(1)(3),of Rules of the Third, section 7 is a new section which would povide statutory %use of Represeiitatives haw been submitted by the Ccnmittee oath administration authority to the NASA Office of Inspector n----,.l ~-rr-- -..+L--:+.. ..,,n,-+l.r ,,..;n.v,,,4 h., -11 the ,,vnnl.t;..n on Government Operations tor inciusion in tnis report. ucL1c:IcI~ubaii, au uuruv~~~.~yrb.ublrr*~ b-~v~ru UJ u.1 ullr sz.r-uuL,s departments and many of the independent agencies. COMMITTEERECOMMENDATXX Forth, section 8 is a new sectio:: which would zmenc! the patent section of the Nationai Aeronautics and Space Act of i9%, as A quorum being present, the Committee favorably reported the amended, to provide that any invention made or used in outer bill H.R. 1714 by voice vote, and recommends its enactment. space on a space vehicle under the jurisdiction or control of the NASA RECOMMENDATIONS United States shall be considered made or used in the United Stntes fnr purpnses nf patent !aw. Hon. THOMASP. O’NEILL,Jr., Finally, the last section of the draft bill, section 9, has been aker of the House of Representatives, changed to provide that the bill, upon enactment, may be cited as v-.ashmgton, DC. the “National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authoriza- DFAR MR. SPEAKER:Submitted herewith is a draft bill, “To au- tion 4ct, 1986,” rather than “1985.” thorize appropriations. to the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- Where required by section 102(2XC) of the National Environmen- ministration for research and development; space flight, control tal Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)),and the and data communications; construction of facilities; and research implementing regulations of the Council on Environmental Qual- and program management; and for other purposes,” together with ity, environmental impact statements covering NASA installations the sectional analysis thereof. and the programs to be funded pursuant to this bill have been or Section 4 of the Act of June 15, 1959, 73 Stat. 75 (42 U.S.C. 24601, will be furnished to the House Committee on Science and Technolo- provides that no appropriation may be made to the National Aero- gy, as appropriate. nautics and Space Administration unless previously authorized by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration recom- legislation. It is a purpose of the enclosed bill to provide such requi- mends that the enclosed draft bill be enacted. The Office of Man- site authorization in the amounts and for the purposes recommend- agement and Budget has advised that such enactment would be in ed.by the President in the Budget of the United States Government accord with the program of the President. for fiscal year 1986. For that fiscal year, the bill would authorize Sincerely, appropriations totaling $7,886,000,000, to be made to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as follows: JAMESM. BEGGS, (1) for “Research and development, amounts totaling Administrator. $2,881,800,000; (2) for “SDace flight. control and data communications,” amounts totding $3,~09,900,000; (3) for “Construction of facilities,” amounts totaling $149,300,000; and (4) for “Research and program management,” $1,345,000,000. In addition, the bill would authorize such sums as may be necessary I’or Gaia: year :?ET, Le., to be ~~ai!~b!eOct~ber 1, 1986. The enclosed draft bill follows generally the format of the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, 1985 (P.L. 98 361). &wever, the hi!! differs in snhstance from the prior Act in several respects. First, subsections l(a), l(b), l(c), and l(d), the authorizations for the four NASA appropriation accounts, differ in the dollar amounts and in some of the iine items for which authorization ta appropriate is requested. 29

MINORITY VIEWS OF HON. TOM LEWIS, HON. RON PACK- ARD,HON. SID MORRISON, AND HON. ROBERT S. WALKER SPECIALADVISORY COMMITTEES NASA spends billions of dollars every year on their Aeronautics and Space program, and while Congressional oversight is a necessary and important function, we believe there has to be some confidence between this Committee and the activities of NASA. This year the Tranportation, Aviation, and Materials Subcom- mittee established the Congressional Advisory Committee on Aero- nautics to review NASA’s aeronautics program. NASA also has advisory committees. The expertise of the Congressional Advisory Committee is not in question; however, we have some concern over the fundamental process of calling upon other experts to review experts after experts in as much as a different committee would in all likelihood arrive at a different set of priorities. We believe this process disjoints our efforts to come to a consensus of what is best for the country in terms of aeronautics research and development. TOMLEWIS. RON PACKARD. SIDMORRISON. BOB WALKER. Calendar No. 198 COMMITTEE ADJUSTMENTS TO NASA REQUEST FOR FISCAL YEAR 1986-SUMMARY 1

99~~CONGRESS REPORT hudl year !9% Administrationrequest abltfi,zaiorCornminee 1st Session 1 SENATE [ 99-91 Research and Development Space transportation capability $ve@men1 1459 300 000 5417 200 GO1 *pace station wnnnnnnn'd"""" YYY .""mnnnnnnnU"" "I" Phvcics, --.and A$tronomv , 630 400 000 608 400 000 tile Sciences 72 000 000 66 000 000 Pianetary Eipiot 359rl. 000n,,n onnnnfi iuC"O nonn"n omnnn Space Applications JJ'O""""" .I"*"""""Y Technology Utilization 11 100 000 9 500 000 b-nrnercia! use or S~LK 35 go: ?go 16 500 nnn Aerona&al Research and !ahnology 154 000 300 350 400 000 Space Research and Technology 168.000 000 154 000 000 Space tracking and Data systems 15.200 000 14 800 000 JL~NE24 tlegislative day. JUNE31, 1985 -Ordered to be printed Total 2,881.800,OGO 2.755.80020

k2!.ol,:"e C^mmL'"v?l,C": 976 500 000 941 500 OCO Space Shuttle Production and Operational Capability Mr. DANFORTH,from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Space Trarsvrtation &rations 1125100000808 300 000 17001GG8005745 300 000 Transportation, submitted the following Space Tracking and Data Acquisition Total 3 509 900 000 3 386 900 000 Construction of facilities 149 300 UOO 139 SOU UUfi 1 000 REPORT Research and Program Management ____~! 345,000 000 370 Grand Total 7 886 000 000 7 652 000 000 together with

ADDITIONAL VIEWS LEGISLATIVEHISTORY

[To accompany H R 17141 On February 1, 1984, the fiscal year 1986 budget request for the NASA was submitted to Congress. The Committee considered the The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to budget request in hearings on February 26, March 27 and 28, and which was referred the bill (H.R 1714) to authorize appropriations April 3 and 4. Testimony was received from the NASA Administra- to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for research tor and from representatives of the Department of Defense (DOD), and development, space flight, control and data communications, the aerospace industry, the space science and application communi- construction of facilities, and research and program management, ties, and other outside witnesses. On June 12, 1984, Senator and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favor- Gorton, along with Senators Danforth, Hollings, Riegle, Long, ably thereon with an amendment in the nature of a substitute and Inouye, Exon, Ford, Gore, Rockefeller, Denton, Heflin, Lautenberg, recommends that the bill do pass. Glenn, and Matsunaga, introduced the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1986, S. 1278, which PURPOSEOF THE BILL was referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans- The purpose of this bill is to authorize appropriations to the Na- portation. tional Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) totaling On June 13, 1984, the Committee considered S. 1278. Because the $7,652 million for fiscal year 1986 as follows. House NASA authorization bill (H.R. 1714) had already been re- C---,..A t- th- Pnmm;tton yy b,.L ..... Ilrr. the Cnrr.rr.ittee offered S 1278 as an _____ -~ ~ ipmnsttw amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 1714 The Com- Budget request a~thorizatiw mittee then ordered H.R. 1714 to be reported, without objection.

Fiscal year 1986 SUMMARYOF MAJOR PROVISIONS Research and development $2 881.800 000 $2 755 800 000 Space flight control and data communications 3 509.900 000 3 386 900 000 >I" "nnl" For fiscal year 1986, the Committee's NASA authorization bill CuiistiuLwii ui iddiiier tw3w VYY !33 300 000 . ^^^ ,,"" $7,652,GGO,GOG, of is for itesearcn ana program management I ..., i 30006 00G authorizes which $2,755,800,000 research JW uuu uuu and development; $3,386,900,000 is for space flight, control, and data cornrnunicatims; $?39,3W,X!o is fm cmstrixtinn nf facilities; 51-oio o and $1,370,000,000 is for research and program management 31 The Space Transportation Capability Development budget of funding provides for the procurement of the external tanks, the $477,200,000 is $17,900,000 greater than the fiscal year 1986 NASA solid rocket motors and boosters hardware; flight operations; and budget request of $459,300,000 and provides for continued develop launch and landing activities. ment of Spacelab hardware. Also included in the fiscal year 1986 Finally, within Space Flight, Control, and Data Communications, funding are development and operational activities for upper stages $745,300,000 is made available for space and ground networks, com- and for continued design and development of the hardware for the munications, and data systems, most of which supports the Track- United States/Italian Tethered Satellite System. Space Transporta- ing and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). tion Systems funding in fiscal year 1986 also provides for the new The Committee recommendation for construction of facilities for start of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV)an integral trans- fiscal year 1986 is $139,300,000,which is $10 million less than the portation element in the Space Shuttle and space station programs. administration’s budget request. The Committee recommendation The Committee has provided $200,000,000 for the continuation of for Research and Program Management is million, com- extended definition and design studies for the permanently $1,370 manned space station. The Committee’s space station recommenda- pared to the administratidn’s budget request of $1,345,000,000. S. 1278, and H.R. 1714 (as reported by the Committee), includes tion is $30 million below the administration’s request of language prohibiting the use of the space station to carry or deploy $230,000,000. The budget for the Space Sciences programs for fiscal year 1986 nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction. is $1,025,400,000, compared to the administration’s request of Also, this bill directs the President or the NASA Administrator $1,061,400,000.The Committee’s Space Science recommendation re- to report to the Senate and House authorization committees on tains the administration’s budget request for research and analysis Space Shuttle pricing policy for fiscal years 1989-91. Furthermore, in Physics and Astronomy and in Planetary Exploration, and sup before this policy can be implemented, these two committees must porta the ongoing activities of the Hubble Space Telescope program have had 30 days to review this policy and, where appropriate and and the planetary missions to Venus (Venus Radar Mapper), Jupi- necessary, recommend legislation-- establishing a Shuttle pricing ter (Galilee) and the Sun (Ulysses). policy for fiscal years 19891~1. The Space Applications funding for fmal year 1986 is $508 mil- This legislation defers NASA’s fiscal year 1986 principal pay- lion, compared to the administration’s budget request of ment of $107 million to the Federal Financing Bank. This payment $551,800,000. Space Applications funding retains the administra- is currently scheduled pursuant to a loan agreement which fi- tion’s request for Materials Processing in Space and authorizes $80 nances the TDRSS. million for the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite This bill also authorizes $586,000 for the Mice 6f Commercial (ACTS) program and $114 million for the Upper Atmosphere Re- Space Transportation of the Department of Transportation (DOT) search Satellite program. for fiscal vear 1986 and extends the life of the National Commis- The Committee has authorized $16,500,000 for Commercial Use sion on Stace from twelve months to eighteen months. of Space, compared to the administration’s request of $30 million and to.a fiscal year 1985 appropriation of $8,500,000. The Committee’s authorization provides $350,400,000 for Aero- Space Station-$2W,W,W nautical Research and Technology, compared to the administra- The Committee has authorized $200 million for fiscal ear 1986 tion’s request of $354,400,000and to the fiscal year 1985 appropria- for the space station program, $30 million below the ahinistra- tion of $342,400,000. tion’s request. Space Research and Technology is funded at a level of The US. space station will provide a permanently manned facili- $154,000,000, compared to the administration’s request of tv in space. which will enhance the Nation’s science and applica- $168,000,000. tions pkgr&s, which will allow further commercial use of space, The authorization for Tracking and Data Acquisition Advanced and will stimulate advanced technologies. A vigorous but deliber- Systems is maintained at the fiscal year 1985 appropriation level of ately paced Space Station program will permit us to maintain the $14,800,000. preeminence in space our Nation has attained through various The total Research and Development budget for the above-men- manned and unmanned programs. tioned programs for fiscal year 1986 is $2,755,800,000,compared to The space station will be a multipurpore facility providing a per- a fiscal year 1986 budget request of $2,881,800,000and a fiscal year manent human presence in space to conduct essential scientific 1985 funding level of $2,422,600,000. and technical research, to perform unique commercial activities, Within the Space Flight, Control, and Data Communications and to perform more efficiently operational tasks in space, such as budget of $3,386,900,000,the Space Shuttle Production and Oper- satellite servicing. The use of the space station will involve exten- ational Capability is funded at a level of $941,500.000.This funding sive national and international user community participation. The level enables NASA to continue production of Space Shutte struc- program definition phase will feature continuing emphasis on and tural spares and main engines. iteration of user requirements. The space station will incorporate a Shuttle Operations activities within Space Flight, Control, and modular design philosophy which will permit the system to evolve Data Communications are funded at a level of $1,700,100,000.This through time, as warranted, to provide greater user utility and 32 operational capabilities. Its manned and unmanned elements will these concerns, where practical. Key issues, however, such as the t be designed to facilitate maximum on-orbit maintainability/restor- nature of any coorbiting platform(s) and how NASA will be able to ability, operational autonomy, and simplified user interfaces. Im- develop new experiments for the space station, without distorting plicit in these objectives is the recognized need to optimize the syn- the ongoing programs of space science research unconnected with ergistic effects of the madmachine combination in space via auto- the space station, are still unresolved. So that the Committee may mation. robotics. and artificial intelligence technology. The space better understand the nature and productivity of the dialogue be- station will provide essential system elements and operational con- tween the space science communiiy aid NASA, the C~iiii~&kcrc siderations for an integrated national space capability. The space quests that NASA prepare a report, by December 31, 1985, which station facility (core and associated platforms) will be placed and assesses the results of the TFSUSSsponsored space station summer 2 3 maintained in low-Earth orbit by the STs, thereby building upon SLUUY1 Ilrlu12 qJ111A --:I le-lf,-9 14 inoiIo“=. 1IA...+L.-...~~~ U‘”.1s,..*.”.r, tk-1.1- rnmm;ttep-Y .-.AI------rw-n,nwts the previous national investment in space. that NASA include in this report which of the recommendations of A basic premise of the space station program is to perform a this siimmer study it intends tc implement, how it intends to im- thoroughly detailed frontend definition including: engineering plement these recommendations, and the associated cos&. design by industrial contractors; subsystem advanced development Over the past year, NASA has expressed a growing willingness and tests in dedicated test beds; early flight experiments on the to incorporate automation and robotics technologies in the space Space Shuttle to prove system feasibility; and continued trade stud- station initial operating capability (IOC). NASA’s Advanced Tech- ies for system optimization. It will iih iiicliide a thcr=ugh 3zdy5k zc!cgm; Advisory Cemrnittee (ATACI and the California Space Insti- of a “man-tended” space station option. Detailed definition, thor- tute Automation and Robotics Panel have both made recommenda- oughly digested and incorporated into hardware specifications, pre tions for advancing automation and robotics technologies in and vides the greatest single assurance of program success and the through the space station program. The California Space Institute achievement of cost and schedule targets. Throughout the defini- study recommends that NASA’s advancement and demonstration tion period, NASA will work to identify better growth potential of automation and robotics technologies increase to a funding and evolutionary configurations to insure that the space station is range of $100 million to $190 million by 1990, a range of funding able to grow. Following an extensive definition program, consisting that the Committee believes will be difficult to accommodate given of both in-house and contracted activities, NASA will begin devel- the present program funding profile. The Committee requests opment in fiscal year 1987 with a goal of 1993 for an initial oper- NASA to report by December 31, 1985, how and to what extent it ational space station. intends to implement the recommendations of the ATAC and the California Space Institute and what would be the associated costs COMMITTEECOMMENTS implementing these recommendations. The Committee continues to believe that the administration’s During the time that the Phase B memoranda of understanding proposal to develop a permanently manned space station is an ini- have been negotiated and signed, the Committee has been increas- tiative that could dramatically enhance our exploratory and oper- ingly aware of the complexities and sensitivities of the interriation- ational capabilities in space, as well as yield unforeseen and signifi- a1 element of his space station program. Even though the memo- cant benefits with terrestrial applications. The Committee notes randa of understanding are essentially in place, there will continue with approval that the Phase B systems definition and design con- to be ongoing discussions related to technology transfer, the protec- tracts have begun and that the international memoranda of under- tion of proprietary data rights, and the assignment of selected ele- standing have been signed. ments of the 1OC facility. In addition, international Phase B par- The Committee is pleased that the space science community has ticipants have already expressed concern about the nature of a increased its support for and participation in the space station pro- Phase C/D commitment by the United States to the space station gram and further believes that this growing involvement is due to program. The Committee expects NASA to examine all possible NASA’s increased willingness to incorporate the goals and objec- agreements that could satisfy the goals and objectives of the par- tives of the space science community in the planning of the space ticipants and also expects to be kept informed on a regular basis station. In his testimony before the Committee, Dr. Peter Banks, about”. any developments in the area of international participation. the Chairman of NASA’s Task Force on Scientific Uses of the wnsis’hii with itt p~iti~ii1 Z~G,the C~mmittefx!~ th~t Space Station (TFSUSS), stated that the national space research the space station is a facility that should be used for peaceful pur- community has dramatically changed its opinion about the space poses. Senator Gorton, therefore, included language in the fiscal station program and that the Task Force has beep gratified with year 1986 aiith~rhti~r.bill ::.hi& reaffirms thk psition .setion 7 NASA’s reception to concepts and advice generated by the Task of H.R. 1714, as reported by the Committee, restates Article IV of Force. the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in Although there are still issues to be resolved relative to the con- the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Inc!uding the Moon and duct of space science aboard the space station, the Committee notes Other Ceiestiai Bodies. it is not tne Commitbe’s intent iu preclude with approval that NASA lis mads a gdhith effort te Imder- the DOD from conducting research and development activities on stand the concerns of the space science community and to address the space station, but it is the Committee’s intent to ensure that 33 the space station is used for peaceful purposes, as it has been char- ment activities. In fiscal year 1985 and subsequent years, computa- acterized since the program’s inception. tional capability is included to provide for complex flow dynamics The Committee recognizes that some delay in the program may modeling and other analyses in support of MSFC programs. be inevitable due to a reduction in the funding from the adminis- Payload operations and support equipment provides for develop tration’s original budget request. The Committee, however, urges ing and placing into operational status the ground and flight sys- NASA and the Phase B contract participants to make every at- tems necessary to support the Space Transportation System pay- tempt possible to complete the Phase B contracts as close as possi- loads during prelaunch processing, on-orbit mission operations, ble to the previously scheduled 21-month contract period so that and, when appropriate, post-landing processing. Included within Phase C/D development can begin as early as possible. this program area are the development and the initial operation of the Payload Operations Control Center, satellite servicing tools and SPACE TRANSPORTATION CAPABILITY DEVEU>PMENT-$477,200,000 techniques development, STS support services for NASA payloads flight demonstrations, and multimission payload support equip The Committee has authorized $477,200,000 for fiscal year 1986, ment. $17,900,000 more than the administration’s request, and makes spe- The advanced programs effort identifies potenital future space cific authorizations as follows: programs and provides technical as well as programmatic data for Upper Stagea ...... $174.400,000 their definition and evaluation. NASA plans space programs far in Tethered Satellite System ...... 14,000,000 Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle ...... 1o,o0o,o0O advance, to improve performance and reliability, and to reduce future risks and costa through the effective use of new technology. The principle areas of activity in Space Transportation Capabil- The Tethered Satellite System, (TSS), initiated in 1984, will allow ity Development are efforts related to the Spacelab, the upper NASA to conduct space experiments in regions remote from the stages that place satellites in high altitude orbits, the engineering Shuttle orbiter. The objectives of the initial TSS mission, scheduled and technical base support at NASA centers, payload operations for 1988, are twofold: (1) To verify the controlled deployment, oper- and support equipment, advanced programs study and evaluation ation, and retrieval of the Tethered Satellite, and (2) to quantify efforts, the development and first flight of the United States/Italy the interaction between the satellibtether and space plasma in tethered satellite system, and the development of the Orbital Ma- the presence of a current drawn through the tether. The develop neuvering Vehicle. ment of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle will allow NASA to de- The Spacelab is a major element of the Space Transportation liver, retrieve, and service payloads more easily than it can with Systems (STS) program and provides a versatile, reusable laborab the current Space Transportation System. ry which will be flown to and from Earth orbit in the Shuttle orbiter cargo bay. The development program which has been carried out Spacelab jointly by NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) continues The first Spacelab operational flight (SL-3) was launched in with the second verification mission, Spacelab 2, scheduled for April 1985. The second verification flight (SL-2) is scheduled for July, 1985. NASA’s support of the Spacelab development effort in- July 1985. Activities before flight include physical integration, cludes ancillary flight and ground hardware and system integra- checkout of the Spacelab elements, and support of training, includ- tion activation efforts which assure Spacelab compatibility with the ing the operations of the Spacelab simulator. After the flight, SL-2 experiments and orbiter. The first operational mission, Spacelab 3, will require deintegration of the Spacelab system components and flew April 29-May 5 and was of the same general configuration as postflight data analysis. Also, in fiscal year 1985, processing of the the first Spacelab mission. second flight of the Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) and prepa- The upper stages project includes the effort necessary to provide ration for the first Hitchhiker flights will take place. NASA will upper stages for use with the Space Shuttle to place payloads in orbits and trajectories beyond the capability of the Shuttle alone, integrate the first life sciences mission (SLS-1) and astronomical primarily for planetary and geosynchronous missions. The program observations mission (ASTRO-11, and will conduct analytical inb provides for procurement of stages for NASA missions, for techni- gration, configuration management, and software development for cal moliiaoPing and management activities for government and future flights. commercial upper stages, for a Solid Rocket Motor integrity pre Upper stages gram to establish an engineering data base for upper stage components, and for the NASA share of the joint Air Force development In upper stages, a joint development program with the DOD was effort on the Centaur upper stages for use in the Shuttle. initiated in fiscal year 1983 for the use of the Centaur as an STS The engineering and technical base provides the core capability upper stage. The common vehicle, designated Centaur, will accom- for the engineering, scientific, and technical support required at modate a 40-foot long, approximately 10,000-pound payload in the the Johnson S ace Center (JSC), the Kennedy Space. Center’(KSC1, bay of the orbiter, and is capable of placing it into geosynchronous the Marshall [pace Flight Center (MSFC), the White Sands Test orbit. It will be available in 1987. A longer version of the Centaur- Facility (WSTF), and the National Space Technology Laboratories G, known as GPrime, is being developed by NASA for launch of (NSTL); for Space Transportation Systems reaearch and develop the Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft in May 1986. ’ % In February 1985, NASA disclosed certain cost overruns associat- US. launch systems. NASA is examining physical and mechanical ed with the Centaur-G and Centaur-G Prime upper stages. Accord- properties of selected components to developing and means of in- ing to NASA, the cost overruns are not related to any technical de- strumenting manufacturing processes and their effect on material ficiencies and the two Centaur-G Prime upper stages are expected properties. It will conduct motor testing to verify analysis and to be available for the May 1986, launches of the Ulysses and Gali- create an engineering data base. lee missions. The total Centaur development cost overrun is approximately Engineering and technical buse $60-$70 million. Of this amount, it is expected that the Air Force The Engineering and Technicai Base provides the core capability will abjgi-b $20 n;i!!ion in .EX=! yszr 1985. NM-A intends to ahsorb for the engineering, scientific, and technica! support required at approximately $25 million in fiscal year 1985 within certain contin- the JSC, the KSC, the MSE’C, the W-STF, ana che Tu’s% Lx re- gency funds. The remaining $23 million in development cost over- search and development. In fiscal year 1985 and subsequent years, runs, however, wiii affect NASA’s fiscal year !!?% ieqiiirexents. !: cnmputationa! capabiliti is included to provide for ccmplex flow addition, another $30 million to $40 million will be required in dynamics modeling and other analyses in support of’ MSFC pro- fiscal year 1986 for growth in the support requirements of mainte- grams. nance and engineering, for modifications to the orbiter, and for additional launch operations requirements. Payload operations and support equipment The Inertial Upper Stage (IUS)was developed under a con- Payioad operaiicjiis fiiijdiiig is rsquire:! to fi?rr?ish payload serv- tract to provide the capability to place payloads of up to 5,000 ices for NASA launches. Major payloads receiving support during pounds into geosynchronous orbit. The first IUS was successfully this year include Ga!ileo, Venus Radar Mapper, Ulysses, Tracking launched in October 1982 on a Titan 34-D booster. The first IUS! and Dat,a Relay Satellite, Hubble Space Telescope, Spartan Halley, STS launch in April 1983, carried the TDRS-1 spacecraft. The IUS Astro-I, and Spacelabs-2 and -3. Further, efforts will continue to failed to operate during the second stage boosts. The IUS anomalies provide the means to maintain and repair satellites on-orbit by de- were resolved by joint USAF/NASA action, and the DOD/NASA/ veloping a series of tools, aids, and techniques, and to demonstrate Industrv Anomalv Investigation- Team determined that the IUS is capabilities and methods of improving the efficiency of on-orbit op ready f& flight. ” erations. The demonstrations will provide the experience necessary The first mission of this re-tested IUS occurred on January 24, for realization of the Shuttle’s potential for satellite servicing mis- 1985. abroad STS mission 51-C. the first DOD dedicated Shuttle sions and on-orbit assembly functions. mission. By placing a DOD satellite into geosynchronous orbit, the IUS met its mission objectives successfully. Advanced program NASA has bought four IUS vehicles for launch of the initial four In fiscal year 1986, major emphasis will be placed on system con- TDRSS spacecraft; the first three were funded through the TDRSS cept definition and key advanced developments in crew systems, contract while the fourth is funded under this budget element. geostationary unmanned platforms, reusable Orbital Transfer Ve- The objective of the Payload Assist Module (PAM) program is to hicles (OTV’s), new capability mission kits for orbital maneuvering provide low cost transportatioi,, principally for commercial space- vehicles, future tethered systems applications, satellite servicing craft, from the Shuttle’s low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit. systems near and remote from the orbiter, and generic space sys- The Delta class PAM-D is capable of injecting up to 2,750-pound tems capabilities. The overall goal continues to be the definition of payloads into geosynchronous transfer orbit. The Atlas-Centaur the space elements needed for space operations over the next class (PAM-A) is capable of inserting 4,400-pound payloads into the twenty years. same orbit. PAM-DII is being developed commercially and will be NASA will continue intensive study of unmanned launch vehi- capable of placing a 4,100-pound payload into geosynchronous cles in coordination with USAFO. Depending on present discus- transfer orbit and will be available for launch by mid 1985. sions, a major poriton of the fiscal year 1985 funds may go to a Twenty-seven PAM-D’s have been successfuly launched on the joint project offce. Alternatively, NASA may issue study contracts Delta, Atlas, and Space Shuttle. Nine of these launches have OC- with senior level NASA/DOD coordination. curred since the two PAM-Ds failed on STS-ii. The Transfer Orbital Stage (TOS) is a three-axis st.abilized peri- Tethered Satellite System gee stage that is being commercially developed by the Orbital Sci- The development of a TSS will provide a new faciiity for condtict- ence Corporation for use in ilie Shuttle. It Ki!! bc able to p!~ce i~ ing space experiments at distances up to 100 kilometers from the the 6,000 to 13,000 pounds into geosynchronous transfer orbit and Space Shuttle orbiter while being held in a fixed position reiative thus bridge the gap between PAM-DII and Centaur. The scheduled to the orbiter. iaunch avaiiability is iate 1387. The TJnited States TSS hardware development of the deployment The Solid Rocket Motor Integrity program began during fiscal iii&anism Segaii i:: fiscal yerr 1984 following the compietion of an year 1984 to est~b!ish an wgently needed engineering data base for advanced development phase initiated in fiscal year 1983. The use of composite materials in upper stage mutor nozzles, to mini- United States is ais0 responsibje for overall prOgitiK macagement mize risk to planned missions and to restore user confidence in and orbiter integration. The Italians completed the definition phase in fiscal year 1983 and initiated the satellite hardware devel- Also, the Committee authorizes $10 million in fiscal year 1986 for opment in 1984. They are responsible for the satellite development the OMV, the only “new start” included in the budget request. Al- and instrument and experiment integration. Some program delays though the budget request for the OMV calls for $25 million in are being encountered on the development of the Italian satellite fiscal year 1986, the $15 million reduction is required largely due and the presently planned 1988 launches are being reevaluated. to budgetary pressures. This reduction does not reflect any Com- mittee opposition to this initiative. The Committee supports this Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle new initiative understands that with $10 million, NASA will still The Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) will provide a new STS be able to keep the OMV program on the planned schedule of the reusable extension capability for conducting orbital operations with first vehicle delivery in 1990. spacecraft and payloads beyond the practical reach of the STS. The The Committee believes the OMV is an integral element in the reusable OMV, operating as far as 800-1,400 nautical miles from Space Shuttle program and will likely be required to service and/ the orbiter, will provide delivery, maneuvering, and retrieval of or reboost the Space Telescope before it is required for use in con- satellite payloads to and from altitudes or inclinations beyond the junction with the space station. Therefore, the Committee believes existing STS capability; reboost of satellites to original operational that, in spite of budgetary pressures, it is important to begin this altitudes or higher; delivery of multiple payloads to different orbit- important element of the required space infrastructure in fiscal al altitudes and inclinations in a single flight; and safe deorbit of year 1986. satellites which have completed their useful life. The funding in fiscal year 1985 will allow NASA to begin to de- SPACE SCIENCE-$1,025,400,000 velop flight hardware for the OMV after completing in 1985 sys- The Committee authorization for the Space Sciences-Physics tems definition efforts begun with fiscal year. 1984 Advanced Pro- and Astronomy, Life Sciences, and Planetary Exploration-is grams funding. Initiation of hardware development in fiscal year $1,025,400,000, $35 million below the fiscal year 1986 administra- 1986 will lead to an initial operating capability in 1990 or 1991 at a tion request. total estimated cost of about $400 million. In fiscal year 1986, funding will allow NASA to design the OMV comprehensively, and con- PHYSICS AND ~TRONOMY-$~,~~~,~~~,~~~ firm its requirements, and have a long lead time to pursued flight The Committee recommends $608,400,000 for Physics and Astron- hardware and tooling. omy, compared to the administration’s request of $630,400,000. Within the Committee’s recommendation for Physics and Astron- COMMITTEECOMMENTS omy, the Committee specifically authorizes $42,300,000 for Re- The Committee authorization of $477,200,000 includes specific au- search and Analysis and $119,900,000 for Mission Operations and thorizations of $174 million for upper stages; $14 million for the Data Analysis, both as requested by the Administration. Also, the TSS, and $10 million for the OMV. Also, the Committee authorizes Committee authorizes $15 million for the Solar Optical Telescope an additional $52 million above the Administration’s request of (SOT), $15 million below the administration’s request. In addition, $122 million for upper stages to accommodate the fiscal year 1986 to conform to the recommended authorization for Physics and A5 cost overruns of the Centaur upper stage program. The Committee tronomy, the Committee directs NASA to make a general reduction recognizes that the recently rsvealed problems associated with the of $7 million within Physics and Astronomy. Centaur program only exacerbate an already demanding schedule The major objective of the Physics and Astronomy program is to for the Centaur-supported planetary missions, Galileo and Ulysses, increase our knowledge of the origin, evolution, structure and com- which are both scheduled for launch in May 1986. The Committee position of the universe, including the Sun, the stars, and the other expects NASA To make every effort possible to conduct these two celestial bodies. Space-based research is being conducted to investi- launches within the narrow “window” in May 1986, and expects to gate the structure and dynamics of the Sun and its long- and short- term variations; cosmic ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and be kept informed about any other problems with this program. radio emissions from stars, interstellar gas and dust, pulsars, neu- Because of the budgetary pressures that exist in fiscal year 1986, tron stars, quasars, black holes and other celestial sources; and the the Committee has provided only $52 million of the projected $60 laws governing the interactions and processes occurring in the uni- million cost overrun for the Centaur upper stage development and verse. Many of the phenomena being investigated are not detecta- production program. This program is expected to absorb this differ- ble from ground-based observatories because of the obscuring or ence. distorting effects of the Earth’s atmosphere. The Committee authorizes a total of $14 million for fiscal year To achieve the objectives of the Physics and Astronomy program, 1986 for the TSS, $7 million below the Administration’s request. NASA employs theoretical and laboratory research; aircraft, bal- Because of delays in this program, particularly in the US. an- loon and wuiiding rocbet flights; ShuttleISpacelab flights; and free- 1: nouncement of its science investigators, the originally scheduled flying spacecraft. Research teams involved in this program are lo- ’launch date of December 1987 has now slipped to September 1988. cated at universities, industrial laboratories, NASA field centers, The $7 million reduction is predicated on this delay. and other government laboratories. The scientific information ob- 36 % t tained and the technology developed in this program are made tinued structural and electronic development activities at Lock- available to the scientific communities for the application to and heed. the advancement of scientific knowledge, education and technology. In fiscal year 1985, the program focus will be placed on the as- The Physics and Astronomy missions undertaken to date have sembly and verification activities at Lockheed. In addition, comple- been extraordinarily successful, and a number of missions continue tion and delivery of the three flight Fine Guidance Sensors, the to produce a rich harvest of scientific data-the iniernaiioiiii! 'UT!- EEgh ??zs&dtion Spxtrnpaph, and the Faint Object Camera is traviolet Explorer (IUE) and the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) scheduled. are still operating, and .new scientific results are continually The fiscal year 1986 funding is required to complete the integra- emergmg trom tne anaiyslv ol" tile Zgk Eneigy !strennmica! Oh- tie=.. --[! testing of the total Hubble Space Telescope System before sets. servatories and Infrared Astronomical Satellite data the integrated system is shipped to the KSC: for iaunch in Lhe rilrbbie Space TeIescip second half of 1986. . The Hubble Space Telescope will make a major contribution to Gumma Ray Observatory understanding the stars and galaxies, the nature and behavior of the gas and dust between them, and the broad question of the The objective of the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) mission is to oii&i and sca!e of the universe Operating in space above the at- measure gamma ray radiation from the universe and to explore the mospheric veil surrounding the Earth, the Space Telescope will 111- fundamental physical processes powering it. Certain celestial phe- crease by more than 1 hundredfold the volume of space accessible nomena are accessible only at gamma ray energies. "ne Ubrva- for observations. With its significant improvements in resolution tional objectives of the Gamma Ray Observatory are to search for and precision in light sensitivity and in wavelength coverage, the direct evidence of the synthesis of the chemical elements; to ob Hubble Space Telescope will permit scientists to conduct investiga- serve high energy astrophysical proceases occurring in Supernova, tions that could never be camed out using ground-based observa- neutron stars and black holes; to locate gamma ray burst sources; tories due to the obscuring and distorting effecta of the Earth's at- to measure the diffuse gamma ray radiation for cosmological evi- mosphere. dence of its origin; and to search for unique gamma ray emitting The Hubble Space Telescope will enhance the ability of astrono- objects. mers to study radiation in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the Cosmic gamma rays represent one of the last frontiers of the spectrum. It will be more sensitive than ground-bd &le~~opes electromagnetic spectrum to be explored. The low flux levels of and will record greater detail about the objects under study. It will gamma ray quanta, and the high background they produce through make possible observations of objects so remote that the light will their interaction with the Earth's atmosphere, coupled with the have taken many billions of years to reach the Earth. As a result, demand for better spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution of we will be able to look far into the distant past of our universe. source features, combine to require that large gamma ray instru- The Hubble Space Telescope will also contribute.s@licantly to ments be flown in space for a prolonged period. Gapma rays pro- the study of the early state of stars and the formahom of solar S~S- vide unique information on the most intriguing astronomical ob tern, as well as to the observation of such highlyevolved objects as jects yet discovered. including quasars, neutron stars, and black supernova remnants and white dwarfs stars. With the Hubble holes. The GRO is scheduled for launch by the Space Shuttle in Space Telescope, we may be able ta determine the nature of qua- 1988. The spacecraft is designed to accommodate four large gamma sars and the processes by which they emit such enormou amounts ray instruments and will be designed to allow for rendezvous with of energy, and it may also be possible to determine whether some the Space Shuttle and refueling by the Space Shuttle or the OMV. nearby stars have planetary systems. Because of the necessity for long exposures, the spacecraft will be The Hubble Space Telesco will be an automated observatory, delivered into orbit by the &&e Shuttle. Data from its scientific pointed in a fixed direction in space for periods of a few hours up instruments will be transmitted to Earth via the Tracking Data to two weeks at a time. Relay Satellite System. The Hubble Space Telescope design will In fiscal year 1984, NASA held critical design reviews for the in- germit in-orbit maintenance, repair, and/or retrieval by the Space struments, and the preliminary design review for the spacecraft. In huttle for return to Earth for required refurbishment and then re- addition, it began fabrication of the syacxiiift azd instrcment launch by the Space Shuttle. hardware. In fiscal year 1985, NASA will hold the spacecraft criti- During fiscal year 1984, significant progress was made 0:: the cal design review. All subsystem fabrication will be underway in Hubble Space Telescope with the completion of the scientific in- fiscal year 1985 and the fabrication of the spacecraft flight rtr~c- strument verification and acceptance program at the Goddard ture will be initiated. Space night Center: delivery of the Optical Telescope Assembly, The fiscal year 1986 funding is required for calibration of the sci- the Science Instrument Control and Data Handling Unit, the Wiae ence innstrumentP; for continuation of the spacecraft fabrication and FieidiPlanehry Camera, the Faint Object Spectrogra h and the delivery of the Command and Data Handling system; and for con- High Speed Photometer to the Lockheed Missiles and 5pace Com- tinuation of the ground operatior& preparations. pany for assembly and verification into the spacecraft, and the con- 37 Shuttle Spacelab Payload Development and Mission Management my missions includes all Spacelab efforts except instrument devel- The objectives of Shuttle/Spacelab payload development and mis- opment and data analysis. Effort will continue on the Shuttle High sion management are to develop instruments to conduct experi- Energy Astrophysics Lab. Fiscal year 1986 funding also is required ments and acquire new knowledge in the disciplines of physics and for the development of lowcost sounding rocket class payloads astronomy, to develop experiment interface hardware for material which will be flown on the Space Shuttle to provide more flight op processing, to develop sounding rocket class payloads for flight on portunities to the science community. the Space Shuttle and to manage the mission planning and execu- Explorer development tion of all NASA Spacelab payloads. This project supports the development of all physics and astronomy experiments, the system The Explorer program provides the principal means of conduct- management and engineering development of the flight equipment ing investigations of stellar physics and of the near-Earth inter- and software, the payload specialist training and support, the phys- planetary environment having limited, specific objectives and not ical integration of the payload with the Spacelab system, the oper- requiring major observatories. Included in the present program are ation of the payloads during flight, the dissemination of data to ex- missions to study atmospheric and magnetospheric physics; the sev- perimenters, and the analysis of physics and astronomy flight data. eral magnetospheric boundaries; interplanetary phenomena; cosmic In addition, this project funds the mission management efforts for ray investigations; and x ray, ultraviolet, and infrared astronomy. all NASA Spacelab payloads. Studies are conducted to define future high priority science explor- Instruments are currently under development for several Shut- er missions. NASA engagea in cooperative missions with other Fed- tle/Spacelab missions with primary emphasis on physics and as- eral agencies and other nations whenever this cooperation will tronomy. These instruments are divided into two classes: multi- assist in achieving mission objectives. user instruments and principal investigator instruments. The mul- Solar terrestrial and atmospheric explorers provide the means tiuser instruments are those instruments that have a broad capa- for conducting studies of the Earth’s near-space environment. The bility, can accommodate. a number of principal investigator-fur- program requires a wide variety of satellites in orbits extending nished instruments, and have a larger user community. The princi- from the very lowest reaches of the upper atmosphere, to the inter- pal investigator instruments are those proposed for a specific scien- planetary medium beyond the Earth’s magnetosphere. Efforts in tific investigation by a single investigator who may not have coin- fiscal year 1984 included launch of the Active Magnetospheric Par- vestigators. Spacelab-2, which is the second verification flight of ticle Tracer Explorer (AMPTE). The AMPTE, a cooperative project the European-built Spacelab, is scheduled for launch in mid-1985. with the Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom, consists of The objectives of Spacelab2 are to verify the Spacelab igloo and two spacecraft and one subsatellite. The mission is studying the pallet systems and to obtain scientific data, with emphasis on as- solar wind at the subsolar point and will identify particle entry trophysics and solar physics. The Instrument Pointing System, de- windows, energization processes, and transport processes into the veloped by the European Space Agency, will be flown for the first magnetosphere. The San M-D mission, a cooperative project time on the Spacelab-2 mission. with Italy, which is scheduled for a fiscal year 1985 launch, will. in- Three ultraviolet telescopes are also currently in development clude a group of United States experiments to study the relation- leading to a launch in 1986 (ASTRO-1). This mission is designed to ship between solar activity and the Earth’s meteorological phenom- conduct investigations in ultraviolet imaging, spectrophotometry, ena. and polarimetry at very high resolution. The ASTRO-1 mission Astrophysics explorers have been instrumental in conducting the will also carry two widefield cameras to conduct unique scientific first astronomical sky surveys in the gamma ray, x ray, ultraviolet observations of Halley’s Comet in the near earth environment. and low frequency radio regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. ASTRO-1, as well as reflights of this instrumentation, are designed A prime example is the Infra-Red Astronomical Satellite, which to allow scientific investigations of a broad range of objects, from has just completed a highly successful survey mission. nearby comets and planets to the most distant quasars. In fiscal year 1985, development will continue on the Cosmic The SOT, which is a multiuser instrument facility, is currently Background Explorer (COBE) and on the x ray imaging instrument in the definition and preliminary design phase. The development to be flown on the German Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT). COBE will phase is planned to begin in fiscal year 1985, leading to a launch in carry out a definitive all-sky exploration of the diffuse cosmic back- the early 1990’s. The SOT will provide extremely high resolution ground radiation of the universe between the wavelengths of 1 mi- images of the Sun’s surface and atmosphere, permitting for the crometer and 9.6 millimeters. The detailed information that COBE first time masurement matched to the spatial scale of fundamental will provide on the spectral and spatial distribution of low energy solar phenomena. background radiation is expected to yield significant insights into Spacelab 3, primarily a materials processing and life sciences basic cosmological questions of the origin and evolution of the uni- mission, was flown in April 1985. verse. In fiscal year 1986, mission management of the Spacelab mission ROSAT, a cooperative roject between the Federal Republic of c a will continue. Development of the SOT and the Space Plasma Lab Germany and the United will perform high resolution imag- will continue. Mission management for the nonphysics and astrono- ing studies of the x ray sky. The United States will provide a high resolution imaging instrument and launch servicas, and Germany tn periodic solicitations. Science operations will be carried out will provide the spacecraft and other instrumentation. through an independent Space Telescope Science Institute. ?'he In- In response to an innovative suggestion from industry, NASA is stitute will operate under a long-term contract with NASA. NASA considering a new approach to providing a spacecraft platform for will retain operational responsibilities for the observatory, and the the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) and other future explor- Institute will implement NASA policies in the areas of planning, ers. Under this approach, NASA would obtain spacecraft services management, and scheduling of the scientific operations of the thrmgh I privately owned and developed platform, which could be Hubble Space Telescope. shared with commercial users. A request for proposai was reieased Fiscal year 1986 fcunds will provide ~upp01-tfor the continued by NASA to industry in January 1985. mission operations and data analysis activities for the lnternation- Work also is continuing in fiscal year 1985 on the Cosmic Ray a1 Ultraviolet Explorer, and continued analysis of the extensive Isotope Experiment (CKlE). 'The CiZiE seiibui, which wi!! he dst~obtained by the Infrared Astronomica! Satellite and the High launched in 1986 on a DOD spacecraft, will study galactic cosmic Energy Astronomy Observatories. Fiscai year i966 Cuiiding dl .._.IC,uJy and acce!erated nuciei from soiar flares. In addition, instru- provide for the continued operation and analysis of data collected mentation development is being continued for refiight of the Long from the repaired Sn!ar Maximum Mission, and preparation for !)e Duration Exposure Facility to gather data on the relative energies operation of the Hubble Space Telescope. In fiscal year i986, me and abundances of the rare heavy cosmic ray nuclei. This space- devel-opment of mission operations procedures as well as develop- craft is scheduled to be launched in 1986 by the Space Shuttle, with ment of the science operations ground system for the Hubble Space subsequent retrieval aboiit 2!/i ycnrs !ater. Telescope will be continued. The Hubble Space Telescope Science Fiscal year 1985 funding will also support definition studies of Institute activities such as the deve!op;;..cnt of the Guide Star Se- potential future explorer missions, including the x ray Timing Ex- lection System and Science Data Analysis Software will be contin- plorer and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Explorer. ued, and will lead to initial operational capability. In fiscal year Fiscal year 1986 funding is required for the continuation of 1986, maintenance and refurbishment preparation activities such COBE development activities leading to a launch in 1988. During as the purchase of orbital replacement units and space support fiscal year 1986, the COBE science instrument fabrication will be equipment will be continued so that NASA can service the Hubble completed. The COBE cryogenic device and all other major system Space Telescope in orbit. elements will be delivered beginning in late 1986. Fiscal year 1986 funding is also required for continuaticn of EUVE design and de- Research and analysis velopment activities and for continuation of development activities The research and analysis program provides for the research and on experiments which will be flown on the German ROSAT mis- technology necessary to define, plan, and support flight projects. sion in 1987 and on a DOD satellite in 1986. Preliminary studies to define missions and payload requirements operations arid data analysis are carried out as are theoretical and ground based supporting re- Mission search and advanced technology development. Activities included The purpose of the mission operations and data analysis effort is are supporting research and technology, advanced. technology de- to conduct operations and to analyze data from the physics and as- velopment and data analysis. tronomy satellites after launch. This program also supports the During fiscal year 1986, the supporting research and technology continued operation of a number of spacecraft, after their original- program will support those tasks which contribute to maintaining ly planned objectives have been achieved, for purposes of conduct- a firm base for a viable physics and astronomy program. Emphasis ing investigations that have continuing, high scientific significance. will continue on infrared detector development and on expansion of The funding supports the data analysis activities on the many in- technology activities related to large x ray mirrors, advanced x ray vestigators at universities and other research organizations associ- detectors, gamma ray spectrometers, and instrumentation. Empha- ated with astrophysics and solar terrestrial operational satellite sis will also be placed on the development of a large array micro- projects. Actual satellite operation, including operation control cen- channel plate, and on intensified charge-coupled imagery devices. ters and related data reduction and engineering support activities, In the area of solar physics, activities will support the Solar Maxi- are typically carried out under a variety of mission support or mum Mission, especially through theoretical studies of high energy ceiiki suppert ~~ntr~ct~. phenomena. Development of advanced generation instrument con- In addition to the normal support required for mission oper- cepis wili cofitiiiiie, aspecis!!y fsr the extreme ultraviolet and x ray ations, the Hubble Space Telescope program encompasses several wavelengths and for analyzing the structure and dynamics of the &que zspect-s which must be provided for well in advance of solar interior. launch. The Hubble Space Telescope is designed for operation f6i Fiscal year 1986 fmding will also support continued feasibility more than a decade using the Space Shuttle/Orbital Maneuvering and definition studies on future potential candidate missions such Vehicle combination or the space station for on-orbit maintenance as the Advanced X ray Astro hysics Facility, Gravity Probe-B mis- of the spececraft ax! ia-chit replacement or repair of the scientific sion, and the Space Infrared $elescope Facility. In the data analy- instruments. The Hubble Space Telescope will be used primarily by sis activities to be cairid out at cr?ivemities and government re- observers selected on the basis of pi-opsa!s submitted ir! response search centers in fiscal year 1986, emphasis will be placed on cor- 39 relative studies involving data acquired from several sources made significant progress during the past year and the Committee (spacecraft, balloons, sounding Tockets, research aircraft and urges NASA to give Gravity Probe-B every consideration possible ground observatories). for a new start in fwal year 1987, within available resources. Suborbital progmms In the past, the Committee has urged NASA to assume a greater role in upgrading university laboratory research equipment. The The suborbital program provides versatile, relatively lowcost re- Committee notes with concern, however, that NASA may not have search tools that complement the capabilities of balloons, aircraft, taken on its shad of this responsibility, an omission which will ad- freeflying spacecraft, and the Space Shuttle in all the space sci- versely affect our university space science programs and, ultimate- ence disciplines, including the study of the Earth’s ionosphere and ly, NASA’s space science efforts. the Committee, once again, urges magnetosphere, space plasma physics, stellar astronomy, solar as- NASA to target this problem and make a concerted effort to help tronomy, and high enegy astrophysics. These programs are done by restore our university laboratory research equipment to a more both domestic researchers and in corporation with international re- productive state of use. .The Committee expects to be kept informed searchers. about NASA’s plans and efforts on this issue. COMM~~TEECOMMENTS LIFF. ScIENcEs-$68,000,000 The Committee regrettably authorizes on1 $15 million of the ad- The Committee has authorized $68 million for fiscal year 1986, ministration’s $30 million request for the &. Since SOT is not $4 million below the administration’s budget request. time-sensitive and because it is in an earlier, less vulnerale phase The goals of the Life Sciences program are to provide a sound of its program life, its fiscal year 1986 authorization is reduced to scientific, medical, and technical basis for safe and effective accommodate budgetary pressures. The Committee, nonetheless, manned space flight, and to advance the understanding of the basic continues to support SOT as the major initiative in solar physics mechanisms of biological precesses by using the unique capabilities for the remainder of the century. The Committee expects that this of the space program. Results from the research prog~amare ap $15 million reduction, in and of itself, should not significantly plied to: the immediate needs in the maintenance and health of the affect the currently scheduled launch date of mid-1991. astronauts, understanding the response of biological systems to The quality of NASA’s Physics and Astronomy program, the weightlessness; the design of the advanced life support systems fo return that our Nation receives from its investment in Physics and use on future missions; and understanding the biosphere of the Astronomy missions, and the health of our university space science planet Earth, its origin, evolution, and present state. programs depend on the Physics and Astronomy Research and The Life Sciences program is the key to sustaining a permanent Analysis program. Because it recognized the significance of the manned presence in space and to using the space environment to Physics and Astronomy Research and Analysis program to the Na- study living systems. These activities include both ground-based tion’s space science infrastructure, the Committee authorizes the and space research efforts, which are mutually supportive and inte- administration’s fiscal year 1986 request for Research and Analy- grated, and use a composite of disciplines and techniques ‘in both sis, $42,300,000. biology and medicine to address space-related medical problems The Committee believes that, in spite of the present budgetary and fundamental biological processes. climate, it is important to maximize the return on our investment in such large observatories as the IRAS and SMM, and the Hubble Life Sciences Flight Experiments Space Telescope, which is scheduled for an August 1986 launch. Ac- The objective of the Life Sciences Flight Experiments pvis cordingly, the Committee recommends the administration’s fwal to assimilate information and scientific questions from the vanous year 1986 budget request for Mission Operations and Data Analy- life sciences disciplines and translate them into payloads designed sis, $119,000,000. to expand our understanding of the basic physiological mechanisms Consistent with its position in prior years, the Committee main- involved in adaptation to weightlessness. The program includes se tains its strong support for the Advanced X ray Astrophysics Facil- lection, definition, inflight execution, data analysis, and reporting ity and the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, the number one pri- of medical and biological investigations. ority observatories in their respective fields of x ray astronomy and Current activities involve the development of life sciences flight infrared astronomy. The Committee recognizes that “freezing” experiments to be flown on Spacelabs-2 and -4 and the first dedicat- NASA’s budget will likely have an adverse effect on the Advanced ed Life Sciences Spacelab mission (Space, Life Sciences-1) (SLS-1). Technology Development efforts of these two programs. Neverthe- Most of the experiments onboard the early Shuttle flights will less, the Committee encourages NASA to maintain to the greatest serve as pathfinding activities for SLS-1. Activities on Spacelab-3, extent possible the infrastructure associated with these two pro- which was flown in April, involved evaluation of functional per- grams to avoid any further departure from their respective sched- formance and compatibility of hardware that is essential to human ules. and animal investigations which will be conducted on SLS-1 and c The Committee continues to support Gravity Probe-B as the lead- followan missions. Hardware development and mission planning ,,hg freeflyer relativity mission for the 1980’s. This program has activities are proceeding on schedule for the US. vestibular experi- 40 ment which wi!! be flown OR the Germm-D? rr?ission; the= are fallow-up investigations to those conducted on Spacelab-l in 1983. higher priority than that of “mission of opportunity.” Biomedical Eighteen investigations have been tentatively selected for flight research has assumed and will continue to assume a significant role as NASA increases the Shuttle flight rate and as the space sta- on SLS-1 with six more investigations to be conducted on later tion program evolves. The fact that SLS-1 is the first dedicated life flights. The definition phase activities have been completed and the sciences Spacelab mission underscores the significance of a time!y design and development of the flight hardware is well underway. Fiscal year 1986 funding is required for the continued definition launch and also points out the delays that have already occurred in thh mission. n.e Grnrnittee urges NASA tX3 conduct that mission and deveiopment of hardware which will be flown on future Space in as timely a manner as possible to avoid further delays and to lab missions; i.e., SLS-1 German-D1, and the second dedicated life adhere to the greatest degree possible to the scheduled launch of sciences mission. Flight hardware integration and experiment de- SLS-2 which is currently menifeeted for Fehnmryj 1987. veioymeni awwiaki with 5paceia.b-2, -3, ana Di wiii ‘be compieted in preparation for launches in 1985. The SLSl mission is under PLANETARYEx~1~~~~1o~-$349,000,000 review. This mission originally was scheduled for launch in early 1986. in addition, the selection process for experiments for the The Committee authorization of $349 million for Planetary Ex- follow-on dedicated Spacelab life sciences missions has been initiat- ploration in fwal year 1985 is $10 million below the administra- ed through the release of a new flight Announcement of Opportuni- tion’s request. Within Planetary Exploration, the Committee specif- ty and experiment proposals are now being evaluated. ically authorizes $33,000,000 for the Mars Observer program, $10 million below t.he administration’s r umt; $95 million for Mission Hesearch and analysis Operations and Data Analysis; ande($162,900,000 for Research and The research and analysis activity of the Life Sciences program Analysis. is concerned with ground-based and preflight research in basic biology and in those medical problem areas that affect manned SUMMARY OF PUNDING tKvglB, IZEAL YEAR 1986 spaceflight. The program is comprised of five elements: (1) space Galileo Development ...... $39,700,000 medicine; (2) advanced life support systems research; (3) gravita- Mission ...... 112,000,000 ...... 5,600,000 tional biology; (4) exobiology; and (5) biospheric research. Mars Observer ) ...... 33,800,OOo The Life Sciences Space Medicine program is responsible for Mission Operations and Data Analysis ...... 95,000,000 bringing the technology and practice of medicine to bear on solving Research and Analysis ...... 62,900,000 the problems of sustaining, supporting, and protecting individuals Total...... working in the space environment. The Advanced Life Support Sys- 349,000,000 tems research program concentrates on enhancing our ability to The Planetary Exploration program encompasses the scientific support longduration manned presence in space and on optimizing exploration of the planets and their satellites, comets, and aster- the productivity of the STS crews. oids, and the interplanetary medium. The program objectives are: The Gravitational Biology program explores the role of gravity in (1) to determine the nature of planets, comets, and*asteroids as a life processes and uses gravity as an environmental tool to investi- means of understanding the origin and evolution of the solar gate fundamental biological questions. The Exobiology program is system; (2) to understand the Earth better through comparative directed toward furthering our understanding of the origin and studies with the other planets; (3) to understand how the appear- evolution of life, and life related molecules, on Earth and elsewhere ance of life in the solar system is related to the chemical history of in the universe. The Biospheric Research program explores the the system; and (4) to provide a scientific basis for the future use of interaction between the biota and the contemporary environment resources available in near ,Earth space. The projects undertaken to develop an understanding of global biogeochemical cycles. in the past have been highly successful. The strategy that has been In fiscal year 1985, Life Sciences Reserch and Analysis activities adopted calls for a balanced emphasis on the earth-like inner plan- will support continued efforts in the five program areas described ets, and giant gaseous outer planets, and the small bodies (comets above and will emphasize the formulation of improved approaches and asteroids). Missions to these planetary bodies start at the level to the operational management of space adaptation syndrome. of reconnaissance and exploration to achieve the most fundamental characterimtion of the hdies, and prxeed t,~a !eve! of =ore de- COMMITTEECOMMENTS tailed study. The reduction of $4 million in the Committee’s authorization The reconnaissance phase of inner planet exploration began in h ~-..LL- -2 I._-- the 1960’s and has now comp!etd, thou& we sti!! know uelufi CIIC: autiiiiiiatraiioii’s budget rquesi is a generai redudion in kn the Life Sciences program. little about the nature of the Venus surface. Mars has provided The Committee views with concern the recent removal of the program focus because of its potential as a site of bilological activi- SLS-1 mission from the Space Shuttle manifest. The Committee ty. The Viking landings in 1976 carried the explorat.ion of Mars forward ta a new leve: of scientific and technological achievement, recognlzes the ongoing scheduling difficulties in the Shuttle mani- thereby setting the stage for the next step of detailed study. Analy- fest, but the Committee also believes that mission deserves 8 I sea of meteorities and the moon rock samples returned by Apollo 41 continue to be highly productive, producing new insights into the Venus. The VRM, using a synthetic aperture radar, will obtain early history of the inner solar system and revision theoretical con- global radar imagery of Venus with resolution sufficient to address cepts. The continuing Pioneer Venus mission is carrying the study fundamental questions regarding the origin and evoluation of the of the Earth’s nearest planetary neighbor and closest planetary planet. VRM will also obtain altimetric and gravity data to deter- analogue beyond the reconnaissance stage to the point where we mine accurately the gravity field, internal stresses, and density have made a basis characterization of the massive cloudcovered at- variations of the planet’s interior. This data will be analyzed so mosphere of Venus, including fundamental data about the forma- that the evolutiona history of Venus can be compared with that tion of the planet. of the Earth. The GM,scheduled for launch in 1988 on the Shut- The exploration of the giant outer planets began relatively re- tle/Centaur Upper Stage, will map virtually the entire planet in cently. The Pioneer-10 and 11 flybys to Jupiter in 1973 and 1974 243 days. were followed by the Voyager-1 and 2 spacecraft encounters in During fiscal year 1985, major activities will include completion 1979. Voyager-1 then encountered Saturn in November 1980 and of final spacecraft and ‘instrument systems design, testing bread- Voyager-2 did the same in August 1981. The Voyager data on board development models of the radar circuits, building and devel- these planets, their satellites, and their rings have revolutionized opment model of the radar, and preparing the detailed designs of our concepts of the formation and evolution of the solar system. the spacecraft subsystems. Now, the Pioneer-10 and 11 and Voyager-1 spacecraft are on Fiscal year 1986 funds will provide for completion of all design escape trajectories from the solar system and will continue to efforts for the spacecraft, radar instrument, and mission operations return scientific data about the outer reaches of the solar system. lead Vo ager program. Spare fl’ ht computers and other equip The Voyager-2 spacecraft is headed for an encounter with Uranus ment w& be obtained from the dilwlaunch in 1986. in 1986 that will provide our first look at this giant outer planet. Its trajectory then will carry the spacecraft on to Neptune in 1989. Ulysses (Formerly International Sohr Pohr Mission) Galileo development . Ulysses is a joint NASA and ESA endeaveor that will fly a pack- age of experiments to invetigate the Sun at h solar latitudes The Galileo orbiter/probe mission will be launched to Jupiter in that cannot be studied from the Earth’s orbit. %ysses, which will 1986 by the Space Shuttle/Centaur Upper Stage. The comprehen- provide data on the effeds of solar activity on the Earth, will be sive science payload ,is expected to extend our knowledge of Jupiter launched in 1986 on the Shuttle/Centaur Upper Stage. and its system of satellites well beyond the profound discoveries of ESA will rovide the spacecraft and some instrumentation and the Voyager and Pioneer missions. During 20 months of operation the United &ates will provide the remainder of the instrumenta- in the Jovian system, Galileo will have the capability to provide as tion, the launch, tracking support, and the radioactive thermal many as eleven targeted encounters with the Galilean Satellites. power enerators. The mission IS designed to obtain the first view However, the number of tour orbits at Jupiter will be decreased by of the tun above and below the lane in which the planets orbit one orbit if the decision is made after launch to incorporate a flyb the Sun. The mission will study t\e relationship be ween the Sun of the asteroid Amphritrite. If the asteroid flyby is incorporatedl . and its magnetic field and particle emissions (soart wind and the lan is to extend the length of the Jupiter tour from 20 months cosmic rays) as a function of solar latitude, thereby providing an to 21 months to permit the achievement of all major objectives pre insight into the effects of solar activity on the Earth’s weather and viously encompassed by the eleven orbit tour. climate. During fiscal year 1985, major activities of the Gelileo program The Ulysses Mission was restructured in fiscal year 1981, from a will involve completion of the environmental test cycle,’retrofit to two-spacecraft mission-one provided by the United States and one selected subsystems with more radiation resistant electronic com- provided b ESA-to a single ESA spacecraft mission. ponents, and completion of development of the flight software. United participation in the program remains substantial The fdyear 1986 funding will provide for completion of the however. NASA is developing five of the nine principal investigator integration and testing, the prelaunch checkout at the Jet Propul- instruments and three of the four European investigations have sion Laboratoy and for the prelaunch and launch activities at the U.S. coinvestigators. Kennedy S ace Center in support of the May, 1986 launch. Fund- During fiscal year 1983, the U.S. flight instruments were deliv- ing in fdyear 1986 will also be used for the final development of ered to the ESA spacecraft develo r for integration and system the ground systems and the associated software to support mission testing. All spacecraft testing has &n completed, and the space operations. In addition, fiscal year 1986 funds are required to reim- craft is being partially disassembled for storage until launch. burse the Department of Energy (DOE)for completing development The fiscal year 1986 funding is required to support U.S. principal of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Power Generators required for investigators in their mission planning, and is required for retrofit- the orbiter. ting of the U.S. instruments with the spacecraft prior to shipment Venus R&r Mapper to the KSC. In addition, fiscal ear 1986 funds are required to com- lete the ound system deveopmentr activities and to reimburse b The Venus Radar Map r (VRM) mission, initiated in fiscal year bEfor tfe continued development of the Radioisotope Thermo- ’r984, will provide globapemaps of the cloud-ehrouded surface of electric Power Generators. 42

Mars Observer Mission (Formerly Mars Geoscience/Climatology Or- The pioneer Venus orbiter coniiiiiies b Obbk deb fE?m VeEUS’ r biter) atmosphere and magnetosphere. In early 1986, the spacecraft’s spin The Mars Observer mission is the first planetary mission using a axis will be adjusted to allow ultraviolet observation of Comet new approach to low-cost inner solar system mission exploration. Halley. The Pioneer Venus will be the only spacecraft able to ob This approach, which was recommended by the Solar System Ex- serve the Comet at its closest approach to the Sun and will provide oioration Committee, starts with a well-defined and focused science critical additions to data from foreign spacecraft making observa- bbjective and makes use of high inheritance, modified production ti~rsst ether p~kkir? the CQmet’n orbit. line Earth-orbital spacecraft. The objective of the Mars Observer Fiscal year 1986 funding is required for the continued operation Mission is to extend and complement the data acquired by the and data analysis activities in support of the Voyager and Pioneer Mariner and Viking mmions by mapping the giobai surface comp nper&inn~ In addition: the Voyager Neptune encounter activities sition, atmospheric structure and circulation, topography, figure, will start in April 1986. Planetary flight support funding 1s re- gravity. and magnetic fields of Mars to determine the location of quired in fiscal year 1986 for preparation of the 1986 launches of volatile reservoirs and characterize their interaction with the Mar- Gaiiieo tind Ulysses s we!! as far the Vq~zigerUrm-1~ encounter. tian environment. In addition, the fiscal year 1986 funding is required for the oper- The Mars Observer Mission will be launched in 1990 using the ation of the Galileo and Ulysses missions, both of which will be Space Shuttle and will be inserted into Martian orbit in 1991 to launched in May 1986. perform geochemical, geophysical, and clirnatologid napping of the planet over a period of 2 years. Research am’ anaiysis The fiscal year 1986 funds are required for the continued design The research and analysis program contains four elements re- and development activities leading to the preliminary design quired (1) to assure that data and samples returned from flight review in late fiscal year 1986. This spacecraft design is a modified missions are fully exploited; (2) to undertake complementary labo- Earth-orbital spacecraft design. Fiscal year 1986 funding is also re- ratory and theoretical efforts; (3) to define science rationale and de- quired for initiation of design and development activitries for ex- velop required technology to undertake future planetary missions; periments selected in response to the Announcement of Opportuni- and (4) to coordinate an International Halley’s Comet Watch and ty. In addition, development activities will be continued in fiscal provide co-investigator support to the European Space Agency’s year 1986 on the x band transponder to be flown on the Mars Ob Giotto Mission to Halley’s Comet. server mission. The International Halley’s Comet &Investigations and Watch Mission Qmmtwns Data Analysis will capitalize on the opportunity to observe Comet Halley during and its next apparition in 1985-86 by supporting co-investigators on the The objectives of the mission operations and data analysis activi- ESA’s Giotto mission, and by conducting complementary remote- ties are in-flight operation of planetary spacecraft and the analysis sensing investigations using both Eartharbiting and ground-based of date from these missions. Currently, two major classes of plane- facilities. The Giotto mission will fly by Halley’s‘Comet in 1986. tary spacecraft are operating-t!ie Pioneer and the Voyager space- Concurrently, an observation program called the International craft. Halley Watch, coordinated by the United States, will conduct The two Voyager spacecraft are now traveling through the outer worldwide scientific observations of the Comet Halley. The Re- solar‘system on trajectories that will take them into interstellar search and Analysis funding provides for, among other things, the space. Voyager-1 continues to provide data on the interplanetary continued operation of the Infrared Telescope facility on Mauna medium in that distant part of the solar system. In January, 1986, Kea. HI. Voyager-2 will make a close flyby of the planet Uranus, the first time this planet has ever been visited by a spacecraft. The observa- COMMITFEE COMMENTS tory phase of this encounter, beginning in November, 1985, include detailed observations of the planet, its rings, and moons. After the The Committee’s recommended $10 million reduction below the Uranus encounter is completed, the spacecraft will continue on to administration:s budget request for the Mars Okrver program in LL - -I-- -L nT- L------L--- 1aQa :+ ..,ai ..-,,..; -4th fim+ L.IW ~I~IICLlvepuulZ, wiicic, iii Aovo, Au pv..dr yu ..--___I_ no way indicates any lessening of the Committee’s support for the close look at this distant planet. Mars Observer program. The Committee continues to support fully Pioneer 10 and 11 will continue to explore the outermost solar this mission, its objectives, and its high priority as established by system. Pimeer IC\ vi!! SWR mter the !m?zp!ored region beyond the Solar Systems Exploration Committee (SSEC). Furthermore, Pluto where the Sun’s influence is secondary to those of true inter- the Committee continues to support the S§Ws innovative tip stellar space. These spacecraft will continue the search for gravita- proach of using spacecraft inheritance and commonality of systems tional evidence of a tenth planet. Pioneer 6-9 are still collecting in- and personnel for its core program of planetary missions. The Com- formation on the interpianetary magnetic: field and solar wind as mittee ex@ that the recommended authorization for the Mars they orbit the Sun. In 1986, these spacecraft will be used to observe Observer program will still permit NASA to meet the currently Comet Halley as it passes in their vicinity. scheduled i99G launch. “he funds authorized ii~fd year 1986 43 also should permit NASA to proceed with the spacecraft contracts and the mechanisms associated with the occurrence of earth- as well as the contracts for the science instruments. quakes. The Committee notes the apparent direction that the Soviet Principal elements of the program include the development of Union is proceeding with its planetary program and, in particular, spaceborne and supporting ground systems; improved data process- with its planned Mars Phobos mission, scheduled for a 1988 launch. ing and analysis techniques; sensor and technique development; as Although the Mars Observer mission is scheduled for launch in well as basic and applied research for identifying, monitoring, ana- 1990, there still may be opportunities for cooperation between some lyzing, and modeling the vegetated, geological, and geophysical fea- aspects of the Mars Observer and Mars Phobos missions, along tures of the Earth. with other future Mars-related missions. To this end, the Commit- The objective of the Shuttle/Spacelab payload development tee requests that NASA prepare a report by December 31, 1985, in project is to develop, test, and evaluate Earthviewing remote sens- association with non-Government space scientists, examining the ing instruments and systems to obtain data for solid Earth observa- opportunities for joint East-West Mars-related activities, including tions research. The Shuttle Imaging Radar, which was flown on the an unmanned Mars sample return and all activities that might Shuttle in October 1984, has demonstrated the utility of spaceborne contribute to an international manned mission to Mars. imaging radar for geologic exploration. The Large Format Camera, Recognizing the significance of a Voyager encounter with Uranus required for high resolution mapping applications, was flown suc- in 1985 and with Neptune in 1989, the Committee believes that cessfully on the Shuttle in 1984 and an additional reflight of the complete funding of the administration’s 1986 budget request for camera is planned for 1986. The next generation Shuttle Imaging Mission Operations and Data Analysis (MO&DA) activities is war- Radar, involving use of SIR-B components and multi-polarized, ranted. In addition, the scheduled launches in 1986 of Galileo and dual frequency instruments, is under consideration. Ulysses will require maximum funding in MMDA to optimize the Studies of the movement and deformation of the Earth’s crust, scientific return of these two missions. the rotational dynamics of the Earth, and the Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields provide information which is needed, to understand Recognizing that NASA’s Space Science Research and Analysis the proceases leading to the release of crustal strain in the form of activities are the lifeblood of many university and college space sci- earthquakes, to improve our understanding of the formation of ence programs and that for years funding for Planetary Explora- mineral deposits, to contribute the lo term weather and climate tion Research and Analysis has not grown commensurately with forecasting, and to understand betterxi Earth as a planet. Space the rest of NASA’s budget, the Committee authorizes the fiscal techniques such as laser ranging to satellites and the Moon, and year 1986 administration budget request of $62,900,000 for Plane- very long baseline interferometry using radio stars or satellites, are tary Exploration Research and Analysis. the only methods which can provide the precise measurements The Committee notes that the first of the SSEC‘s Mariner Mark needed for these studies. I1 missions, the Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby, will be compet- Advanced spectrometer technology development activities in- ing for a new start approval in the fiscal year 1987 budget. Recag- clude fundamental research in remote sensing. This,involves devel- nizing the time sensitivity of the CRAF mission, the Committee oping an imaging spectrometer and some continuing development strongly supports it as one of several new starts in fiscal year 1987 of multispectral linear array technology. The imaging spectrometer and urges NASA to give this program additional consideration due and multilinear array solid-state sensor research focuses on the de- to the unique nature of this unDrecedented comet encounter. velopment of such featurea as electronic scan, inherent geometric and spectral registration, and programmable high spatial and spec- SPACEAPPLICATIONS tral resolution. The critical technology development and supporting %LID EARTH research on the linear array focal plane and the Shuttle Imaging oBSERVATIONS-$~o,6oo,ooo Spectrometer will continue in fiscal year 1986. The Committee authorization of $70,600,000 is $4,300,000 below Landsat-4 was launched on July 16, 1982, to provide Multispec- the administration’s request of $74,900,000. Within Solid Earth Ob- tral Scanner and Thematic Mapper.images for many applications servations, the Committee authorizes $20,100,000 for Research and in civil remote sensing. NOAA aseumed operational responsiblity Analysis, as requested by the administration. for the Landsat-4 spacecraft and the Multispectral Scanner in Jan- The objectives of the Solid Earth Observations program are to uary 1983, and for Thematic Mapper operatlons and data process- use space observations and experiments to understand the global, ing in August 1984. The Landsat-5 spacecraft was modifed before physical, chemical, and biological processes involving the land its launch in March 1984 to correct for anomalies developed in- areas of the Earth and the interactions of these land areas with orbit on Landsat-4. the Earth’s oceans and atmosphere; to improve our ability to evaluate the composition and geometry of the Earth’s mineral and COMMITTEECOMMENTS energy resources; and to increase our understanding of the Earth, The continued uncertainty of the U.S.Government’s involvement its interior structure and composition, its rotational dynamics, the in remote sensing in space creates an even more compelling reason processes related to the movement and deformation of its crust, for a vigorous NASA research and development effort in remote 44 sensing. The Committee, therefore has authorized the administra- pling between the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and the tion’s request of $ZO,iOO,OOO in Fwsearch & Analysis. Despite the atmosphere. approved contract between EOSAT and the Department of Com- merce to privatize the existing Federal Landsat system, a gap in Atmospheric Dynamics and Radiation Research and Analysis the availability of new Landsat data seems inevitable. Also, foreign Fiscal year 1986 funding for Atmospheric Dynamics and Radi- nationals are about to orbit competing land remote sensing systems ation Research and Analysis is required to conduct aircraft flights which, in some respects, will be superior to our own and will make to study the detail of flows around thunderstorms and fronts, con- our competitive position difficult. tinue comparison of models, study atmospheric scale interactions, The Committee believes that if the United States 1s to ensure for and deveiop techniques to dispiay mociei outputs in 3dimensions. years to come its long-term would leadership in land remote sens- In fiscal year 1986 three major interagency field experiments will ing technologies, NASA should assume the responsibility of advanc- significantly improve our understanding of the atmosphere for air/ ing our Nation’s remote sensing capabilities. Therefore, the Com- ocean interaction which generate crippling New England snow- mittee urges NASA to focus its remote sensing research and devel- storms (GALE), the physics of small strong downdrafts called mi- opment activities with the objective of ensuring a continuous and crobursts which are on the scale of tornadoes (MIST), and the stable strategy for US. Government involvement in remote sens- mechanism of regional precipitation quantification (SPACE) ing. through space, aircraft, radar balloon, and surfacebased observa- The Committee expects NASA to accommodate a reduction of tions. Other activities will involve continued retrieval and archiv- $4,300,000 below the administration’s request as a general reducing of global International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project data tion in Solid Earth Observations. sets, analysis of data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment, and continued ENVIRONMENTALOBSERVATIONS-$291,000,000 ground-based and rocket flight support for solar irradiance moni- This Committee recommendation for Environmental Observa- toring. Technology development of active temperature, pressure, tions, $291 million, is $26,500,000 below the administration’s re and moisture sounders as well as basic Laser-Radar technology de quest of $317,500,000 and includes a general reduction of velopment will also be continued in fwcal year 1986. $1,500,000. Within Environmental Observations, the Committee Oceanic processes research and analysis specifically authorizes $26,700,000 for the Scatterometer program and $114 for the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite program. In fiscal year 1986, Oceanic Processes Research and Analysis ac- The objectives of NASA’s Environmental Observations program tivities will concentrate on the experimental design for the World are to improve the understanding of processes in the magnetos- Ocean Circulation Experiment and the Tropical Ocean and Global phere, atmosphere, and the oceans; to provide space observations of Atmosphere program, as well as on the development of numerical parameters involved in these processes; and to extend the national models and associated data assimilation techniques for use in determining the general circulation of the oceans. In biplogical acean- capabilities to predict environmental phenomena, both short- and ography, the analysis of data from Nimbus-7 will be continued to long-term, and their interaction with human activities. Because help with the conceptual design of the Global Flux Experiment. In many of these phenomena are global or regional, they can be most addition, NASA will conduct the preliminary design of the Ocean offective!y, E=(! snmotimes sn!e!y, stdied from qmce NASA’s pro- Cohr Imager, including accommodation studies foi the NCAh-E( gram includes scientific research efforts plus the development of and SPOT-3 spacecraft. In polar oceanography, NASA will empha- new technology for global and synoptic measurements. NASA’s re size experimental design for the Arctic Basic research effort search satellites provide a unique view of the radiative, chemical, (POLESTAR), and will work ,with the World Data Center for Snow plasma acceleration, and dynamic processes occurring in the mag- and Ice on processing and archival of microwave radiometer da-ta. netosphere, atmosphere, and oceans. NASA wil! also determine how to process synthetic aperture radar To achieve these goals, a number of significant objectives have data from the ERS-1 satellite. In addition, the transition of the been established for the next decade. These include advancing the Pilot Ocean Data System from a technical demonstration to a sci- understanding of the upper atmosphere through the determination entific support facility will be completed in fiscal year 1986. NASA of the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone and select nitro- will complete interagency coordination with the Office of Naval Re- gen, hydrogen, and chlorine species in the upper atmosphere and search, the National Science Foundation, and NOAA for the use of their sources in the iower atmosphere; optimizing the use of space spaceborne observing techniques in oceanographic research, inchd- derived measurements in understanding large scale weather pat- ing the definition of interfaces between the Pilot Ocean Data terns; advancing our knowledge of severe storms and forecasting System and the computing facilities and data archives of other capabilities, ocean productivity, circulation, and air-sea interac- agencies. tions; improving the knowledge of seasonal climate variability leading to a long-term strategy for climate observation and prediction; Space physics research and analysis and enabling a comprehensive understanding of the solar terrestri- During fisca! year 1985, the Space Physics Research and Analysis al processes and a detailed determination of the physics and cou- activities will be continued with particular emphasis on the analy- 45

sis of data from ISEE-3, which spent most of 1983 in the Earth’s named International Cometary Explorer, has completed an explo- magnetotail, and the International Cometary Explorer’s encounter ration of the Earth’s geomagnetic tail and is being redirected of comet Giacobini-Zinner in 1985. Definition studies will be contin- toward a planned encounter in 1985 with the comet Giacobini- ued during fiscal year 1986 on such missions as the potential coop erative Japanese and European International Solar-Tethered Satel- Z’inner. lite System and on the chemical release investigations in support Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) mission to the Combined Chemical Release and Radiation Effects Satellite The UARS will place a set of instruments in Earth orbit which which is being developed by the DOD. will measure the state of the stratosphere, and provide data about Earth radiation budget experiment the Earth’s upper atmosphere in spatial and temporal dimensions The Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) was successfully which are presently unattainable. Detailed definition studies of the launched in 1984, and data continues to be collected from the satel- instruments have been completed, and the design and development lite. The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) instruments activities have begun. which wll be flown on NOAA-G have been completed. NOAA-F was The fBcal year 1986 funds are required for continuation of the launched December 12, 1984, with a set of ERBE instruments; the design and development activities on the UARS instruments lead- NOAA-G launch is scheduled for August 1985. NASA also is con- ing to the critical design review for approximately one-half of the tinuing to support NOAA by managing the implementation of the full instrument complement. In addition, the spacecraft design and NOAA and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satel- development activities will be continued in fiscal year 1986, leading lites series on a reimbursable basis. to the observatory preliminary design review in 1986 and the criti- (GOES) cal design review in early 1987. Extended mission operations NASA will also continue advanced technology development on Fiscal year 1985 funding for Extended Mission Operations is re- prospective future missions, for example, TOPEX. quired to support continuing mission operations and data anal sis activities for the International Sun-Earth Explorers, the Interpran- COMMIITEECOMMENT etary Monitoring Platform and the Dynamics Explorers. Extended The Committee authorizes $114 million for the UARS program operations support of the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer with the understanding that a $20 million reduction from the ad- Explorer, which was launched in 1984, will be continued in fiscal ministration’s budget request of $134 million should not, in and of ear 1986. Operation of the Nimbus and Solar Mesophere Explorer itself, delay the launch of UARS from its currently scheduled SME satellites and processing of the collected data will be contin- launch date of October 1989. Notwithstanding this reduction the ued, as will activities to provide ground truth for a NASAdevel- Committee fully supports UARS as our Nation s foremost initiative oped ozone instrument to be flown on a NOAA weather satellite. . to gather a global data set of the upper atmosphere.. The SME and Nimbus satellites continue to produce extremely val- The Committee’s $5 million reduction from the administration’s uable data on ozone concentrations which will be used to estimate request of $31,700,000 for the Scatterometer is based on the recent- the occurrence of natural variations, sea surface temperatures, aer- ly revealed 13-month launch slip of the N-ROSS, on which the Scat- osol measurements, and Ocean productivity. Correlative ground terometer will fly. The new launch date is September 1990 and the truth activities will also be continued in fiscal year 1986; these in new delivery date for the Scatterometer is January 1989. Also, it is situ observations are needed to verify the quality of remote obser- the Committee’s understanding that launch slippage has increased vations and to improve our ability to intercept them. In addition, NASA’s cost for the Scatterometer due to inflation and the require- fiscal year 1986 funding is required for operation and data analysis ment to maintain NASA’s Scatterometer team for a longer time activities associated with the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, than originally planned. The Committee expects to be kept in- which was launched in 1984. formed about any other delays in the Scatterometer program and Scatternmeter the N-ROSS program. The Committee continues to support both the Ocean Topography Design and development activities were initialed in fiscal year Experiment (TOPEX) and the International Solar Terrestrial Phys- 1985 on the Scatterometer which will be flown on the Navy Remote ics (ISTP)program as important elements in NASA’s agenda for Ocean System (N-ROSS) in mid-1989 to acquire global Ocean data Environmental Observations missions. Although NASA is enjoying for operational and research usage by both the military and civil the international participation of France in the TOPEX program sectors. and France and Japan in the ISTP program, NASA also has as- The Nimbus spacecraft continues to collect unique data which is sumed the responsibility that goes along with the complexities and being used in the study of long-term trends of the Earth’s atmos- sensitivities of cooperative programs. Y here, oceans, and polar ice, and provides near real-time data. Col- With this in mind, the Committee urges NASA to proceed with *rxtion and analysis of the SME data continues. The Dynamics Ex- TOPEX and ISTP, within available resources, to protect the cooper- plorer continues to collect valuable data on magnetosphere-ionos- ative nature of both programs. The Committee believes that unless phere coupling processes. In addition, the ISEE3 spacecraft, re NASA demonstrates that it can be a trusted partner in such coop 46

etstive eflorts, the United States wi!! not he able to enjoy the sp- Therefore, the Comn?ittee authorizes the administratinn's rqwst ergistic and cost-effective elements that so often accompany cooper- of $34 miliion for Materiais Processing in Space as an expression of ative programs such as TOPEX and ISTP. the Committee's high regard for this critically important area of research.rnl XATEIUU ?Eex%5I?JG IN SPACE-$34,000,000 ine Committee aiso notes that the Fiighi opporiunities for micro- The Committee authorization of $34 million for Material Process- gravity experiments have fallen far short of the demand and need. ing in Space for fiscal year 1986 is identical to the Administration's For example, NASA's removal of Materials Science Laboratory request. (MSL-I), the first Spac&Z &&ia'ed AG r,iciGgp$

G,rnnicrcia: E= of S~XC= ...... $16,500.000

m. I owi ...... 26,000,000 COMMITPEECOMMENTS TECHNOLOGYUTILIZATION-$9,500,000 The Committee continues to believe that NASA has a significant role in advanced communications sateiiite research and develop The NASA Technology Utilization program is designed to en- ment and that the ACTS program is a logical and critical program hance national economic growth and productivity through the through which NASA can support this national requirement. transfer of new technology resulting from NASA research and de- In the fiscal year 1985 NASA authorization (Pubiic hW38-36?, velopment programs to the nonaerospace sectors of the. economy. section 101), the Committee directed NASA to conduct a flight test This program has generated use of aerospace technology in U.S. in- of ACTS no later than 1989, and that remains the Committee’s po- dustry, and, in addition technological advances have found use in sition. The Committee understands that the $10 million reduction important public sector areas such as medicine, transportation, en- assumed in the fiscal year 1986 NASA authorization still enables a vironment, and public safety. The objectives of the program are: (1) 1989 flight test of ACTS, which should assist in reaffirming our Na- to accelerate and facilitate the application and use of new technolo- tion’s competitive position in the world communications satellite gy, and thus shorten the time between development of advanced market. aeronautics and space technologies and their infusion into the The Committee also is aware of NASA’s intent to shut down the economy; (2) to encourage multiple secondary uses of NASA tech- ATS-1, effective August 1, 1985. The loss of this Pacific Basin-New nology in industry, education, and government where a wide spec- Zealand-Australia Communications Network will seriously affect trum of technological problems and needs exists; and (3) to under- important professional networks that have been established over stand more fully the technology transfer process and its effect on long periods of time. With this in mind, the Committee requests the economy, and to develop applications of NASA’s aerospace ex- NASA find another option take the place of in the pertises-ita technology, technologists and unique facilities-to im- that to ATS-1 portant non-aerospace needs of the Nation. Pacific Basin as soon as reasonably possible, and report back to the Committee on its efforts within 6 months. ~MMERCIALUSE OF SPACE-$16,5~,000 . INFORMATIONSYSTEMS-$~6,200,0~ The objective of the Commercial Use’ of Space program is to increase private sector awareness of space opportunities and to en- The Committee authorization for fiscal year 1986 is $16,200,000, courage increased industry investment and participation in high $3 million below the administration’s request. The Committee ex- technology, space-based research and development. Expansion. of pects this $3 million reduction to be applied without prejudice to the level of private sector investment in commercial space activi- the Information Systems programs. ties will help the United States retain its leadership-in science and The objectives of the Information Systems programs are to devel- technology and will accrue associated benefits to our Nation. The op and demonstrate advanced capabilities for managing, distribut- program will be built on Shuttle and related space-based operation- ing, and processing data and information; to implement informa- al capabilities. The program is responsive to the President’s Na- tion s-ptems standards and provide common software to lower data tioeal Space Strategy and National Policy on the Commercial Use systems cats; and to develop the basis tor data services to provide of apace, both of which direcl XXSA to expand i;ri.:nte sector in- improved access to, and rapid delivery of, space data and advanced vestment and involvement in space activities. The fiscal year 1985 data systems in support of the Nation’s satellite programs and the House and Senate Authorization Conference report directed that space science and applications projects. NASA propose a new line item for this activity in the fiscal year -lnis prugtaiii pioi;i&s fer time!y deve!opment of data systems 1986 budget request. capabilities to meet the needs of flight missions and major space Fiscal year 1985 activities include implementing the National science and applications programs. The early demonstration of ca- Policy on the Commercial Use of Space, establishing an 0rgani.m- pabilities has a high potentiai for rduciiig groiiiid dak syskz2s d+ ticne! fccs! p&t for commercial pmparns at NASA. and initiating velopment risks and the chance of late data delivery. efforts to foster commercial use of and access to space. These efforts include additional Centers for Commercial Development of Space, increased accessibility to NASA facilities and equipment, e- The Committee authorizes, as follows, $26 million for Commer- pecially in space, small focused research efforts on processes cial Programs, $15,100,000 below the administration’s budget re- having commercial potential, and the incorporation of other func- quest. tions designed to facilitate private sector use of space for commercial ventures. Fiscal year 1986 activities will provide a continuation Summary of funding levels for fiscal year 1986 and some enhancement of the fiscal year 1985 program initiatives. Technology Utilmtlon ...... $9.5nn,OOo These efforts are designed to encourage significant private investment in commercia: enterpr:kes that take adymhge of the unique 49 Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation...... (28,200,OOO) characteristics of space, such as vacuum, microgravity, and radiation. Total ...... 350,400,000 The objective of the Aeronautical Research and Technology pro- COMMITTEECOMMENTS gram is to conduct an effective and productive program that con- The Committee authorizes $16,500,000 for the Commercial Use of tributes materially to the enduring preeminence of U.S. civil and Space Program in fiscal year 1986. This reduction of $13,500,000 military aviation by: (1) conducting appropriate levels of discipli- million for the administration’s fiscal year 1986 budget request of nary and systems research at the leading edge of technology in $30 million does not reflect any lessening of support by the Com- those areas critical to the continued superiority of US. aircraft; (2) mittee for the Commercial Use of Space program. The Committee maintaining the research centers in positions of excellence in facili- advocates the general and specific objectives of this program and ties and technical staff; (3) assuring timely transfer of research re- believes that the program provides the linkage between the private sults to the U.S. aeronautical industry; (4)assuring appropriate in- sector and the Federal Government required stimulate commer- volvement of universities and industry; and (5) providing on a reim- to bursable basis aeronautical development support to other govern- cial space activities. Providing the university community and pri- ment agencies and US. industry. vate sector greater access to Federal ongoing research and facilities Conducted well in advance of and independent of specific applica- and promoting interaction between public and private researchers tions, the Aeronautical Research and Technology program includes should do much to stimulate the U.S. economy and to enhance the both fundamental research in the aeronautical disciplines and sys- U.S. technological leadership in space. tems research directed at interaction among disciplines, compo- Unfortunately, the severe fiscal constraints that exist in this nents, and subsystems applicable to general classes of advanced air- year’s budget preclude the Committee from providing as rapid a craft. The program involves participation by aeronautical manufac- rate of growth in the Commercial Space program as assumed in turers from the industrial base essential to both military and civil last year’s authorization. The Committee hopes the fiscal year 1987 aviation to ensure that the technology is compatible with practical Budget will provide more flexibility. design considerations and can be successfully transferred into ap The Committee notes that commercial and university interest in plication. space activity is growing and that aerospace and non-aerospace The Research and Technology Base program includes discipli- firms alike are becoming increasingly intrigued by the opportuni- nary research which is both broadly applicable to all classes of air- ties that are likely to ensue from the commercial development of craft (such as general aviation, transports, rotorcraft, and hyper- space. This is evidenced by the number of Joint Endeavor Agree- sonic and other high-performance aircraft), as well as the discipli- ments and Technical Exchange Agreements that have been estab- nary research which is unique to any of these classes of aircraft. lished during the past year between NASA and the private sector. Funding for the technical operation of wind tunnels, propulsion fa- Furthermore, the Committee is encouraged by the interest shown cilities, computional facilities, simulators, and flight research oper- by the business and academic communities in NASA’s proposed ations is covered in the most appropriate disciplinam elements of Centers for the Commercial Development of Space. NASA is en- the research and technology base. The increased research and tech- couraged to maximize, within the available resources in fiscal year nology base funding will support, in addition to inflation, the oper- 1986, the opportunities related to these Centers so as to further en- ation of the national transonic facility, which will be in the first hance private sector investment and involvement in commercial year of operational status, as well as the operating costs for the nu- space activities. merical aerodynamic simulator. The Systems Technology Programs are designed to extend the AERONAUTICALRESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY scientific discoveries and fhdings flowing from the R&T Base through applied research to demonstration and validation for selec- The Committee authorizes $350,400,000 for fwcal year 1986, tive technologies which thereafter provide the design phase for ad- $3,600,000 below the administration’s request. This reduction re- vanced military and commercial products undertaken by private fleds the elimination from Research and Technology (R&T) Base of industry. $4 million planned for- activities related to the Altitude Wind Tunnel at Lewis Research Center and the addition of $400,000 for Rotorcraft system technology Rotorcraft R&T Base activities. The rotorcraft systems technology program conducts research on two fronts. The first thrust consists of efforts in broad systems Summary of funding levels, fwcal year 1986 technology areas that advance the state-of-the-art in flight dynam- Research and Technology Base ...... $235,700,000 ics and controls. The second thrust involves advanced concepts Systems Technology Programs ...... 114,700,000 which are investigated in conjunction with and the Federal Rotorcraft Systems Technology ...... (20,500,000) DOD t . High-Performance Aircraft Systems Techno1ogy... (21,800,000) Aviation Administration. These currently include the X-wing rotor Subsonic Aircraft System Technology ...... (0) demonstration test on the Rotor Systems Research Aircraft (RSRA) Advanced Propulsion Systems Technology ...... (44,200,000) and XV-15 tilt rotor flight testing. In both of these thrusts, in& 50 grated system testing is required and invoives iargescale wind craft will comp!ete thc bas,e!ice flight prngram and begin the flight tanne! tstixg, flight. tenting; and moving-base simulation. research phase to exploit fully the technologies designed into the In full-scale testing, reparations continue for the &artup of the aircraft 40~80-footwind tunner in early 1986. A tail rotor was thoroughly The F-18 high angle-of-attack aircraft will start the flight re- documented for loads and acoustics on the outdoor aerodynamics search program with focus on aerodynamics and control system research facility- foi a fiid year 1986 main rotar!tni! rotor inter- desim- f~orrrircrnft operations at high angles of attack. Vortex flap ference test in the 40~80-footwind tunnel. The main rotor rig for technology will be evaluated to determine if a flight research pro- that test was shake tested and load cells were calibrated. rr-A,.,ulluGl the j=izt DPJ??AINASA RSRAIX-wing . Program, the gram using a NASA F-106 aircraft should be initiated in fiscal iron r 1 986 .I -- prime objective is to perform an x-wing rotor conversion from The fiscal year 1986 funding level reflects the of the finai rotary to stopped-rotor flight and return to rotary wing flight. It start will also investigate through flight research the dynamic stability, design and construction phase of the oblique wing research air- performance, and rotor control characteristics of the X-wing rotor craft. A single contractor will be selected from those participating system. In 1985, the final modification to the RSRA will be com- in the preliminary design contracts during fiscal year 1985. The pleted. The fabrication of the X-wing rotor system will also be com- NASA F-8 digital fly-by-wire test aircraft will be converted to the pleted and installed on the aircraft. research testbed for the flight program. This aircraft provides for The X-wing rotor program will be generating ground-based, pilot- easy installation of the oblique wing, a well defined, readily modified simulation, propulsion system testbed data and vehicle manage- able, highly flexible, digital flight control system. ment systems data in support of the flight investigation of the X- During fiscal year 1986, the HOST program will continue to con- wing rotor on the RSRA.In particular, the flight testing will culmi- centrate on developing improvements in high-temperature instru- nate in the historic demonstration of conversion from rotary to mentation, predictive methods for structural analysis, aerothermo- stopped-rotor to rotary flight. mechanical environment and life. Research will be conducted using Supporting the Navy joint services advanced vertical lift (JVX) the newly developedd high-temperature structures laboratory at program, XV-15 tilt rotor flight testing continued. A side arm con- Lewis Research Center to study the behavior of turbine blade mate- troller was evaluated. New steel hubs were installed, enabling high rial and actual burner liner hardware under realistic, complex aer- gross weights and more demanding maneuvers to be evaluated. The othermomechanical loading conditions. Work will continue on the advanced technology blades (ATB) were installed on the aircraft, development of specialized structural analysis codes designed to and a limited evaluation begun. In ground-based testin , reports on predict the detailed turbine engine component stress-strain re- the very successful hover tests of the XV-15, JVX, an8 ATE%rotors sponse over an entire mission. Life prediction methodology will be were issued. Preparation began for a 40~80-footwind tunnel test. extended to anistotropic superalloys. Ceramics research will focus Usin point support by the Navy, NASA, and the Army, it will be on identifying critical processing variables affecting reliability, de- possibe to complete flight evaluation of the ATB rotor and perform velopment of methodology for measuring crack growth, and nonde- military suitabilit tests. Wind tunnel and simulation tests Will structive evaluation techniques for monitoring small flaws. . also be supported &r JVX. Subsonic aircraft systems technology High Performance Aircmft Systems Technology The objective of the subsonic aircraft systems technology pro- The objective of the High Performance Aircraft Systems Technoi- grams is to picvide n s&stcz~tiatedhas- of key technologies. design ogy program is to generate validated engineering methods and data, and validated design procedures. Individual concepts are ex- design data applicable to the development of advanced high-per- amined in the systems context with other interacting components formance, high-speed aircraft for military and civil applications. and technologies to define techniques and procedures for obtaining Tne programs objectives Eie accc=mp!ishsx! by ana!yslj ground-base maximum benefit from these applications. To this end, the ad- simulations, wind tunnel experimentai research, and flight re= vanced cnmposita structures technoiogy program was desigid to search tests of aircraft. develop a composite primary airframe structures technology base I.1 he tlight researcn activity in iiia1 ysui 1986 vi511 ir;s!=.e n BPY~- thit echieves the full potential of weight, fuel, and cost savings ety of high-performance aircraft to investigate advanced concepts. possible for the design of civil and military transport aircraft in Several projects will continue their flight test phases during this the 1990's. However, due to budgetary constraints, NASA has pro- pxid. 'u'iidei the joint NASA!Air Force Advancd Fighter Tech- posed terminating this program at the end of fwal year 1985. nology Integration projects, the F-16 aircraft will complete its flight program, and the F-111 mission adaptive wing will continue Advanced Propulsion Systems Technology the research program with evaluation of the automatic mode for The objective of the Advanced Propulsion Systems Technology in-flight adjustment of wing camber. The F-15 HIDEC will contin- program is to explore and exploit advanced concepts for future air- ue flight research to evaluate the potential of improving perform- craft engines in high-payoff technology areas through the focusing ance and mission effectivenese due to engine-airframe control inte of fundamental research and technology efforts and integration of gration. The joint NASAiDARPA X-BA forward-awept xing air- advanced propu!sioii comixments. 51 Activities in the Advanced Turboprop Systems program are fe tating, gearless model propulsion system. The full size, first build cudon development of a broad rearch and technology data base of this system will be completed, and ground testing will begin. and systems integration activities in preparation for flight verifica- The general aviation/commuter engine technology effort will tion which is necessary to establish large-scale advanced turboprop continue to focus on the development of a fundamental understand- feasibility. The design of the large-scale advanced propeller (LAP) ing and analytical data base for flow phenomena and heat transfer was completed by Hamilton Standard, and the fabrication of the 9- in small gas turbine engine components. footdiameter unit is underway, along with the fabrication of a 2- footdiameter aeroelastic model to evaluate the aeroelastic scalabi- Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation lity of the 9-foot LAP. LockheedGeorgia has been selected as the The objective of the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NASI prime contractor for the propeller test assessment (FTA) and is program is to augment the Nation’s capabilities in computational now progressing toward the key flight evaluation of the LAP in fluid dynamics and other areas of computational physics by devel- fiscal year 1987. oping a preeminent capability for numerical simulation of aerody- A contract has also been awarded to General Electric Company namic flows. This program will provide the computational capabili- for a ground test of a gearless counter-rotation propfan concept. ties required to solve problems which are currently intractable. Model tests in the Zfoot-diameter size are verifying the counter-ro- NASA began major hardware procurements for the NAS in fiscal tation propeller performance and acoustics predictions, and fabrica- year 1984, leading toward assembly of the initial operating configu- tion for the ground test vehicle is well underway with test initi- ration during fiscal year 1985. Full-scale development of the NAS ation planned for June, 1985. Evaluation of 2-footdiameter geared network hardware begins with the delivery of the integrated sup counter-rotation models is also underway with good results at port processor complex (frontend computers and supporting equip Hamilton Standard, and contracts were signed with Pratt dc Whit- ment) in early fiscal year 1985. The first high-speed processor, a ney and Allison Gas Turbine to evaluate and verify technology for Cray 2 supercomputer, will be delivered late in fiscal year 1985 and la e-scalegearboxes. will be integrated into the NAS network. Extensive hardware and %ind tunnel aerodynamic, acoustic, and stability and control in- software test and integration activities will follow. During fiscal vestigations were conducted for &mounted single- and counter-re year 1985, construction will begin for the NAS facility. tation turboprops. It was determined that the source noise dirediv- The first part of fiscal year 1986 will be an intense test and inte- ity patterns are different for single- and counter-rotation ropellers gration period leading to operational status of the NAS IOC during and that normal forces generated by the propellers at $,ff con- the third quarter of fiscal year 1986. System sofiware development ditions are greater for counter-rotation than single-rotation con- will continue for all components of the NAS network leading figurations. toward an operational readiness review for the NAS IOC in the In fiscal year 1986, advanced turboprop systems program activi- third quarter of fiscal year 1986. During fiscal year 1986, procur- ties will consist of continued development of the broad-based sup ment of hardware and software for the NAS extended operating fmting technology and pre aration for the flight evaluation of the configuration will begin. RD 13-49 components in the extended op- deadvanced propelfer. Analysis and testing of the low- and erating configuration are the high-speed processor number two, the ller/inlet/diffuser testing will be completed. Three expanded graphics subsystem, and the expanded long-haul commu- be delivered to the propeller test assessment pro- nications subsystem. gram and evaluated at static conditions with a modified gearbox The successful operation of the initial NAS configuration in and engine, as well as tested at low-speed conditions for performance, structural integrity, and cabin acoustics in the Ames Re- fiscal year 1986 will not only provide the world’s premier computa- search Center’s 4Ox8O-foot wind tunnel. tional capability for NASA and the Nation, but will also provide Wind tunnel testa of a one-ninth scale model of the PTA aircraft the critical networking capabilities required to support the expand- will also be accomplished to determine the flying qualities of the ed NAS extended operating configuration which will reach oper- airfrarne/turboprop combination. Evaluation of the gearless ational status in early fwcal year 1989. counter-rotation concept will be concluded. High-speed wind tunnel COMMITTEECOMMENTS investigations will be continued for wing- and aft-mounted single- and counter-rotation qmfigurations for stability and control eval- During the past year, aeronautical industry events have raised uation, as well as code verification. Acoustics efforts will include questions regarding the need for the scheduled flight test of counter-rotation source noise prediction modeling, cabin acoustics NASA’s LAP/FTA Advanced Turboprop program. The Committee investigations, and experimental evaluation of counter-rotation recognizes that, while an industry flight test of a specific advanced propeller configurations. turboprop configuration will provide a discrete set of data, it is still Contracted studies to evaluate the suitability of advanced turbo- important to develop the generic data profile for the remaining prop technology for application to multipurpose subsonic naval air- critical technology issues of structural integrity and acoustics. craft, general aviation aircraft, and military tactical transports will Because these technology issues cannot be adequately tested in 1 be completed. Test and analysis of acoustics and performance re small-scale model testing, the Committee believes that a full-scale 8 s@ta will be completed on the unique, high-radius-ratio, counter-ro- flight test as previously planned for the Advanced Turpoprop 52 prcjgrmi is a va!id cecessrpry nhiertive Cammit- (ATP) sti!! and liear term new &a&; sfid (2) tc improve the cost effectiveness and &e authorizes the administration’s request of $42 for the ATP program, and consistent Hnth the Committee’s Ficai year 1985 authoil- reliability needed for overall support of the total mix of spaceflight zation, continues to expect this program’s flight test by 1987. This missions should allow the test data to be available soon enough to enhance This program remains a vital element in the Space Tracking and oi~rNation’s competitive position in the world aviation market in Data Systems program. Activity continues under this program to the early 1990’s. rrfsess the dramatic changes taking place in the state-of-the-art in The Committee authorization also reflecta a $4 million reduction telecommunications, electronic microcircuitry, and computer tech- from the Administration’s $4 million request for the Altitude Wind nology. This effort is critical for proper planning and.for the appli- Tunnel. Based on testimony presented to the Committee, this pro- cation of new technology to future support capabillties that are posal Lewis Research Center facility would provide only a modest cost effective and reliable. Efforts include the investigation of up increase in capabilities over existing wind tunnels, and the estimat- coming missions and studies of ground systems and telecommunlca- ed development cost and annual operating costs could not be justi- tions links to determine design approaches and overall trade-offs fied by the slight increase in capabilities. for the lowest life-cycle costs to support future space missions. The Committee authorization also includes an additional authori- SPACEFLIGHT, CONTROL, AND DATACOMMUNICATION- zation of 9.4 million for Rotorcraft R&T Base activities. $3,386,900,000 SPACE RESEARCHAND ~CHNOuX:Y-$154,000,000 SHUlTLE PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL cAPAB1LITY-$941,500,000 The Committee authorizes $154.0 million for Space Research and The Committee authorizes $941,500,000 for fmcal year 1986, $35 Technology, $14 million below the administration’s request of $168 million below the administration’s request. This reduction is million. The Committee expects this reduction to be applied with- achieved by authorizing $110 million for Shuttle structural spares, out prejudice. $10 million below the administration’s request, and by eliminating The overall goal of the space research and technology program is the administration’s $25 million request for Changes and Systems to advance the technology base in support of NASA’s role as an ef- - fective, productive, and long-term contributor to the continued pre- Upgrading. eminence of the United States in space. The specific objectives of The Space Shuttle is the key element of a versatile STS that is this program are: (1) to support a broad-based advanced technology available to a wide variety of national._ and- international users. The program designed to provide new concepts, rnatenals, components, Space Shuttle is the first reusable space vehicle and is configured devices, software, and subsystems for use in United States civil and to carry many different types of space applications. scientific, and military space activities; (2) to assure preeminent national capabil- national security payloads. The Space Shuttle offers unique capa- ity through extensive and interrelated participation in the program bilities that cannot be achieved with today’s expendable launch ve- by the NASA centers, other government agencies, universitles, and hicles-to retrieve payloads from orbit for reuse; to service and industrial research and technology organizations; and (3) to support repair satellites in space; to transport to orbit, operate, and return a strong institutional base to maintain NASA centers in posltlons space laboratories; to transport materials and equipment to orbit; of recognized excellence in critical space technologies. and to perform rescue missions “he Fscd yeer 1985 program upp ports these objectives by em- Shuttle production and operational capability development pro- hasing disciplinary technologies that provide the necessary data vides fix the national fleet cf Spsce Sf?utt!e orhitpm, including Ease and understanding to create new opportunities for future na- main engines, and provides for the launch site facilities, initial tional civil, military, and commercial space mission objectives, and spares, production tooling, and related supporting activities to meet on systems fechnology programs directed at obtaining. fundamental the needs of NASA, the DOD, and other domestic and international data from in-space expenmenhiioii, tiiid tiaiis%rr;ng ad~a~d users of space. More specifically, this line item contains the orbiter technology into space programs through more focused efforts that production for three flight orbiters: the fuii mofidication of coliiiii; provide proof of concept to support technology readiness for antici- bia (OV-102) to its operational configuration; the procurement ot pated applications majnr stn~rtiirelorbiter components to be used as spares for the operational orbiter fleet; the residual development taaks for the or- TRACKINGAND DATAADVANCED ~YSTEMS-$14,800,000 biter, main engine, external tank and solid rocket booster (SRB); The Committee authorizes $14,800,000 for ‘Tracking and Data Ad- JSC mission support capability development; the equipment provi- vanced Systems, $1,400,000 below the Administration’s request of sioning of the facilities for launch and landing at the KX, tile de- $16,200,000. velopment of the filament wound case solid rocket booster; the ini- The overall objective of the Advanced Systems program is to per- tial lay-in of spares and the ground support equipment; and the form studies and to develop tracking and data systems and tech- rate tooling for the external tank and SRB. Modifications of two or- niques required: (1) to obtain new and improved tracking and data biters, two mobile launch platforms, and both launch pads for the capabi!itk that wi!! meet the ne& nf approved new missions and conduct of the planetary missions (Galileo and Ulysses) in 1986 are also fmdeb under this budget item 53 Orbiter fiscal year 1986 to help meet the flight rate scheduled in 1987 and The continuation of the orbiter production has been a major ac- beyond. Facility modifications supporting the fiscal year 1986 Cen- tivity during the past year. The planned four-orbiter fleet includes: taur launches are in process. Columbia (OV-102), the orbiter vehicle developed and flown on the four test and evaluation flights; Challenger (OV-O99), the second Propulsion systems flight orbiter, which was fabricated using elements of the structur- Initial certification of the Space Shuttle main engine at a full al test article; and two orbiters-Discovery (OV-103) and Atlantis power level was completed in fiscal year 1983. During the course of (OV-l04)-0f a lighter-weight configuration. OV-103 was delivered that certification, it became apparent that the main engine config- in November, 1983. OV-104 was delivered in April, 1985. The final uration required additional design modifications to achieve an ac- phase of operational modifications for OV-102 will be complete in ceptable level of reliability and maintainability. The modifications fiscal year 1985. Work began in fiscal year 1982 on modifications to focus on the high pressure pumps and the hot gas manifold. Devel- orbiters and the related systems integration analyses for the use of opment of the pump modification was essentially completed in the Centaur and its payloads. The provisioning of orbiter spares is fiscal year 1984 and the new pumps began certification at the full an on-going activity to support the requirements for the initial lay- power level thrust level early in the second quarter of fiscal year in of line replaceable units of equipment at the launch site. In ad- 1985. The redesign of the hot gas manifold is complete and the dition, the budget provides for the extensive acquisition of orbiter changes will be available for test in fiscal year 1986. structural spares to support the four-orbiter fleet. A major replanning of the main engine program was completed At KSC the second line of vehicie processing stations is being last year. As a result, NASA began a study of engine improvement phased in to support the parallel launch processing of orbiters. Par- which involves alternative rocket engine contractors and a technol- allel processing can be done in the Orbiter Processing Facility ogy engine effort at the MSFC. During the past year, six flights of (OPF) and Vehicle AblyBuilding. Parallel processing at the the Space Shuttle (up to and including Mission 41-D) were complet- launch pad will be posaible after Pad B completion in January ed with no main engine anomalies affecting flight performance. 1985, consistent with the requirements to support the Centaur The experience with the SRBs during earlier flights indicated launches of Galileo and Ulysses in Ma 1986. The third mobile the need for design improvements to reduce the amount of water launch platform (MLP) is planned for a kpternber 1986 operation- impact damage to the SRB aft skirt, and to the hydraulic power al readiness date. units mounted internally to the aft skirt. Design improvements implemented to date have proven to be successful in reducing struc- Launch and mission support tural damage. Problems still exist with water intrusion damage to Launch and Mission Support provides for the second set of proc- the thrust vector control servo actuators. Modifications are being essing stations at KSC to support parallel orbiter processing; the implemented to the thrust vector control system to eliminate this additional astronaut training, mission preparation, and mission op problem. To reduce the water impact velocity, which is the major eration capabilities required for higher flight rates; the modifica- contributor to the damage at water impact, larger main parachutes tions to the launch sites to accommodate the new Centaur upper were developed and used successfully on STS 41-F and STS 51-A stage; and studies of program-level improvements for the oper- and will continue to be used on subsequent flights. ations and management of the STS. The first high performance SRB motor was successfully flown on The first line of facilities at KSC activated during Design, Devel- .STS-8. The performance characteristics of the motor were well opment, Test, and Engineering/Evaluation supports the launch within specifications and achieved design goals. Post-flight inspec- processing and evaluation of an orbiter vehicle from landing tion of the motor indicated more than desirable erosion. As a through launch. The second line of processing stations is being result, some minor changes to the manufacturing process for the phased in to support parallel launch processing of more than one carbon phenolic nozzle material may be necessary. Efforts are un- orbiter through the various work areas. The second high bay of the derway to correct this design margin problem. ' OPF and the second MLP were activated in late fiscal year 1982 to The SRB program includes the development of an FWC motor support parallel processing of OV-102 and OV-099. The second set case. This will enable NASA to replace the heavier steel motor case of high bays in the Vehicle Assembly Building, the software pro- segments for high performance launches. The performance increase duction facility, and the second control room were activated in is achieved by reducing the Shuttle lift-off weight resulting in a fiscal year 1983 to enable parallel processing through orbiter exter- payload capability improvement of approximately 4600 pounds. The nal tank mate. A solid rocket booster processing and storage facili- full scale development hydrotests were completed, the first static ty was activated in fiscal year 1984 to facilitate SRB handling, in- test firing (DM-6) was successful1 conducted, structural test arti- cluding off-loading of segments from rail cars, segment rotation ca- cles have been delivered to MSFzfor dynamic load tests, and all pability, storage capability for two flight sets (16 segments), and the segments to support the first flight from Vandenberg Launch and * assembly of SRB aft segments. When Pad B is activated in fiscal Landing Site have been wound. year 1986, parallel processing will be possible from the start of Performance of the eternal tank on all 16 Shuttle flights has OPF flow through launch. A third MLP will be activated in late been excellent. The Vandenberg Launch Site received its first flight tank in October 1984. All flight hardware has been delivered 54

SPACE TRANSPORTATIONOPERATlONS-$1,~00,10~,~~~ on or ahead of schedule. Weight savings on the lightweight tanks The Committee authorizes $1,700,100,000 for fiscal year 1986, $25 have been greater than those in the baseline and should continue million less than the administration request. to ‘be reaiizmi as additioiia! p!snned irr?proverr?entsare implement- Spce Transportation Operations provides the standard operation ed. Cost reduction and production readiness continue to be a high support services for the primary US. space iaunch system: the priority, as NASA introduces additional tooling and equipment to Space Shuttle. Within Shuttle Operations. flight hardware is pro- meet pru&iciion rqiiemcnb of 21 tznks wrr -- year duced. refurbished and repaired, and manpower, propellants, and Changes and Systems other materials are furnished to conduct and support both giglit Upgrading and ground operations. The Space Shuttle operations program pro- Changes and Systems Upgrading provides funding for potential vides for the launch of NASA missions and, on a reimbursable changes and system modifications as well as unanticipated new re basis, DOD, other US. Government, commercial, and international quirements not covered in the budget estimates for the above ac- missions. The launch schedule calls for 9 flights in fwal year 1985 tivities and other program elements. and 15 flights, including the first launch from the West Coast, in fiscal year 1986, and a planned 17 flights in fiscal year 1987. The COMMITTEECOMMENTS flight rate is planned to reach 24 launches per year by 1989. The Committee authorization for Shuttle Production and Oper- The Space Shuttle provides launch services to non-NASA users ational Capability reflects a reduction of $10 million from the $120 on a reimbursable basis, as determined by the greater of each pay- million requested by the administration for orbiter structural load’s length or weight. For flights launched during the first pric- spares. The Committee understands that the remaining $110 mil- ing phase (through fmal year 1985), standard commercial launch lion will be sufficient to ensure the scheduled delivery of the struc- services are priced at $18,300,000,00 (759) with a $4,300,000 (RY$) tural spares as well as to.maintain critical prime contractor skills. use charge. Launches in this phase are priced at $16 million (759). This reduction should not be interpreted as a lessening of the Com- Launches occurring in the second pricing phase (fiscal year 1986 mittee’s support for NASA’s structural spares program or for the through fiscal year 1988) are priced at $71 million (828 for com- fifth orbiter. The Committee continues to support this program as mercial launches and $55,500,000 (829) for DOD launches. The a necessary and integral element of our Nation’s STS. Severe fiscal Bureau of Labor Statistics’ indices are used to convert base year limitations in the fiscal year 1986 budget, however, require that dl pricing (75$ and 829) to real year dollars for billing purposes. programmatic activities bear part of the budget reduction effort. The Shuttle operations budget request funds three principal At this time, future Shuttle requirements and the need for the areas: flight operations, flight hardware, and launch and landing fifth orbiter are uncertain. Space commercialization, the deploy- operations. Flight operations consists of mission support, integra- ment and operation of the space station, the Strategic Defense Ini- tion, and support. The flight hardware program provides for the tiative, and other potential DOD requirements each represent procurement of the external tanks, solid rocket motors, booster future initiatives which, separately or collectively, could create a hardware, and propellants; spare components for the main engines red and identifiable need for a fif% orbiter. The Cnmmittee 1s orbiter spares; external tanks disconnect and SRB rate gyros SUS- hopeful that over the next six months NASA will be able to identi- mining engineering and logistics suppck fcr external tank /solid fy this need if, in fact, it exists. Furthermore, the Committee en- rocket booster/main engine flight hardware elements; and mainte- courages NASA to incorporate within the fiscal year 1987 budget nance and operation of flight crew equipment. Launch and landing repest any decision to build a fifth orbiter, should the Agency operations provides for the launch and landing operations of the identify this requirement. Space Shuttle and its cargo. The Committee also recommends a $25 million reduction from At KSC, four operational flights were processed and iauncned in ihe adiiiiiiiiistration’s rcqdest $25 million for Changes and SYS- fiscal year 1984. The first two flights included vehicles which were cf skckcd, processed ax! !alinched during the Shutt!e Processing tems Upgrading. With the delivery of the orbiter Atlantis in April, Contract (SPC) transition, a 6-month period when the incumbent 1985, activities related to the development of the Shuttle may be contractors and the SPC (Lockheed) worked together toward a beemphasize? withwt any degradation of the capabilities of the March, 1984 turnover. The full transition was completed on sched- STS. ule after the successful launch of STS 41-B. The remaining two The Committee also notes with concern the brake failures associ- flights were processed by the SPC and included STS 41-D, the ated with Shuttle mission 51-D, especially in light of the attention maiden voyage of Discovery. KSC planning includes launch of an that NASA’s Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel has given to the additional nine flights in fiscal year 1985, including the first flight Shuttle landing gear over the past 2 years. The Committee expects of the fourth orbiter, Atlantis. In addition, during fiscal year 1985, to be kept informed of NASA’s response to this landing gear failure KSC will be responsible for processing Discovery at KSC for prepa- and encourages NASA to reexamine the ianding gear recommenda- ration for the first fiight at the Vandenburg !aunch site in eedy tions of the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel. 1986. A consolidated operations contract covering most of the flight 55

operation functions performed at JSC is in preparation; award date experiments and sensors; (3) acquisition of engineering data on the is anticipated to be early 1985. performance of spacecraft and launch vehicle systems; (4) transmis- COMMITTEECOMMENT sion of commands from ground stations to spacecraft; (5) communication with astronauts; (6) transfer of information between the var- The Committee expects that as the Shuttle flight rate continues ious ground facilities and control centers; (7) processing of data ac- to increase during fiscal year 1985, NASA should be able to achieve quired from the launch vehicles and spacecraft; and (8) reception of greater economies in its Shuttle operations while adequately sup television transmission from space vehicles. Such support is essen- porting the Shuttle flight schedule for fiscal year 1986. According- tial for achieving the scientific objectives of all flight missions, for ly, the Committee expects NASA to accommodate the $25 million executing the critical decisions which must be made to assure the reduction in funding below the administration’s budget request success of these flight missions, and, in the case of Shuttle mis- without any degradation in Shuttle safety and reliability. sions, to insure safety of.the crew. The Committee retains a strong interest in reducing the operat- Tracking and acquisition of data for the spaceflight projects is ac- ing costs of the Space Transportation System, and notes with inter- complished through the use of a worldwide network of NASA est NASA’s ongoing study of possible savings resulting from a ground stations, and by the first of a system of three tracking and second source for the solid rocket boosters. data relay satellites in geosynchronous orbit working with a simple This question is of great importance to the Committee. The solid highly specialized ground station. Ground facilities are intercon- rocket boosters have a significant effect on the overall price of the nected by ground communications lines, undersea cables, and com- Shuttle and play a critical role in the STS. munications satellite circuits which are leased from communica- The Committee anticipates that NASA’s study will examine the tions carriers, both domestic and foreign. This interconnection pro- process and financing requiring to develop a second solid rocket vides the communications capability needed between spacecraft booster source. It is expected that the study will examine whether and the control centers from which the flights are directed. competition in the solid rocket booster program over both the To meet the support requirements levied by the wide variety and short-term and long-term will enhance the economic viability of large number of flight projects, NASA has established three basic the Shuttle. support capabilities to meet the needs of all classes of NASA flight NASA’s decision is expected to conform to the goal of ensuring missions. These are the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network routine lowcost access to space. The Committee further expects the (STDN), which supports Earth orbital missions; the Deep Space administrator to pursue the course which provides the most cost- Network (DSN), which supports planetary and interplanetary flight effective means of supplying solid rocket boosters to the space pro- missions; and the TDRSS, which will provide all low Earth orbital gram, and best meets the present and future needs of the Space mission support when it becomes full operational. The STDN will Transportation System. continue to provide Earth orbital support until three TDRSS spacecraft are launched, properly positioned, and have completed SPACEAND GROUNDNETWORK, COMMUNICATIONS, AND DATA pre-operational testing to ensure reliable mission operatiofis sup- ~YSTEMS-$~45,300,000 port. When the TDRSS is fully operational, a phaseout of selected The Committee authorizes $745,300,000 for S ace and Ground STDN ground stations will be initiated. This is presently planned Network, Communications, and Data Systems, $63 million below for the first half of 1986. Certain facilities of the STDN will be re- the administration’s budget request. This recommendation is tained to provide support to geosynchronous and highly elliptical achieved by the deferral of the scheduled $107 million principal missions which cannot be supported via the TDRSS or to provide payment to the Federal Financin Bank, by the additional authori- launch and Shuttle landing support. These remaining facilities, zation of $48 million to the TDR8S program, and by implementing except for the launch and Shuttle landing support facilities, are a general reduction of $4 million. being consolidated with the DSN stations under the management The purpose of this program is to provide vital tracking, com- of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The consolidation, when complet- mand, telemetry, and data acquisition support to meet the require- ed, will provide a single network to support geosynchronous, highly ments of all NASA flight projects. In addition to NASA flight elliptical, and planetary missions. The consolidated network will projects, support is provided on a reimbursable basis for projects of also support those spacecraft, now in low-Earth orbit, which are the DOD, other government agencies, commercial firms, and other not compatible with TDRSS. countries and international organizations engaged in space re- The Space Network consists of the TDRSS and a number of search. NASA ground elements to provide the necessary tracking, teleme- Support is provided for sounding rockets and balloons, research try, command, and communication services to low Earth-orbital aircraft, and Earth orbital and planetary missions. The program spacecraft. The TDRSS itself will consist of a threcsatellite system also includes the support of the Space Shuttle and Spacelab flights in geosynchronous orbit and a single ground terminal located at program. The various types of support provided include: (1) track-

@ White Sandss, New Mexico. The satellites communicate with the # ipg to determine the position and trajectory of vehicles in space; (2) user spacecraft in space and relay information to and from the acquisition of scientific and space applications data from on-board ground terminal. From the ground terminal, satellite and ground 56

Y communication !in& interconnect the NASA e!eEents sf the net- Sands Missile Range; as well as instrumentation support at the Na- work and any remotely located user facilities. tional Balloon Facility at Palestine, TX. The administrations fiscal ear 1986 request includes funding Funds requested for the Communications and Data Systems pro- for: repayment, including a $r 0 million prepapent, of the loans gram provide for the implementation and operation of facilities extended by the Federai Financing Eank for 1u-S deveiopment; and systems which are required for daia LriiIitiiiikivn, iiiisioii con- payments to the TDRSS contractor for continuing TDRSS produc- trol and data processing support. tion, TDRSS services, and for maintenance and operation of the Information is crucial to determining the condition of the space- T&%ih GmPiex,17iml--~ei srv

vehicle iiidzstr;, the cerr?mercia! development of space, and the . I df research and development programs; and (3) to provide efiective and efficient khnicai mid adminltrstive support fnr the research overall goals and requirements of the Nation’s space program. If and development programs. the Committee beiieves that the administraiion’s poiicy decksic:: is The 21,800 permanent and temporary civil service personnel at not in the best interests of the Nation and the civil space program, eight major installations and Headquarters are funded by the Re the Committee will then propose legislation to establish a Shuttle search and Program Management appropriation. Yns civil emke pricizg pe!icy that more completely satisfies our national goals and work force is NASA’s most important resource and is vital to objectives in space as well as those of the Nation as a whole. future space and aeronautics research activities. Seventy percent of the Research and Program Managemeni appropriation is ~eedtx!te MIMATEDCOSTS provide for salaries and related costs of this civil service work In accordance with paragraph ll(a) of rule XXVI of the Standing force. About two percent is for travel, which is vital to manage- Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the Congressional Budget ment of the Agency’s in-house and contracted programs. The re- Act of 1974, the Committee provides the following cost estimate, maining amount of the Research and Program Management appre priation provides for the research, test and operational facility sup prepared by the Congressional Budget office:US. CONGRESS, port, and for related goods and services necessary to operate the NASA installations and to accomplish NASA’s approved missions. CONGRESSIONALBUDGET OFFICE, Washington, E,June 14, 1985. COMMITTEECOMMENT Hon. JOHN C. DANFORTH, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Tmnsportation, The Committee recognizes that the lifeblood of NASA is its per- US. Senate, Dirksen Senate offie Building, Washington, DC. sonnel and that in order to maintain the level of continuity and DEARMR. CHAIRMAN:The Congressional Budget office has pre- efficiencies that are critical to each of the agency’s pr0fr-p pared the attached cost estimate for S. 1278, the National Aeronau- NASA’s civil servant pay should not create unnecessary lsr~p tions in the civil service cork force of the Agency. Accordingly, the tics and Space Administration Act, 1985. Committee rejects the five percent pay reduction for NASA’s civil If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased to servants that is assumed in the administration’s budget request provide them. and authorizes an additional $42 million for Research and Program With best wishes. Management to restore this redudion. Sincerely, The Committee also recommends a $17 million general redudion RUDOLPHG. PE”ER, Director. in Research and Program Management which can be achieved by delaying or eliminating less critical activities. Furthermore, the CONGRESSIONAL BUDGEF OFFICE-COST ESTIMATE Committee expects that the general reduction will not affect civil 1. Bill number: S. 1278. service pay. 2. Bill title: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act, 1986. SHU~TLEPRICING POIJCY 3. Bill status: As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on COMMIlTEE COMMENTS Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 13,1985. 4. Bill purpose: This biii authorizes the appropriation of $?,e52 The Committee has chosen, at this point in the authorization million for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration process, to await the administration’s decision relative to establish- (NASA) and $586,000 for the office of Commercial Space Transpor- ing a Shuttle pricing policy for commercial and foreign customers tation within the Department of Transportation for fmal year during fwal years i989-9i. The Commit& has held hanag., QE 1985. this issue and notes that the administration’s efforts in addreying The authorization includes $2,642 million for the production and the Shuttle pricing policy have moved from the Cabinet Council on operation of the space shuttle, $200 million for the development of Commerce and Trade to the Senior Interagency Group on ?pace, a space station. $2,556 fur ui‘lia~i-esaich and dc*:c!~pmezt ~~tiv;I- which will present the final recommendation(s) to the President. ties, and $745 million for the space tracking system. The bill also Furthermore,th@ issue is being addressed indirectly by the office includes $139 million for construction of facilities and $1,370 mil- of the US. Trade Representative as it siU&es ii reL&& trede iion fur reearch and p~ogi~i~managexe~t. -Ma, N-ASA_’ssched- matter. uled $107 million repayment to the Federal Financing Bank is de- In the interests of allowing the Federal interagency process to ferred. The total amount authorized $234 million below the Presi- analyze fully the Shuttle pricing policy with as few restrictions as dent’s fiscal year 1986 budget request and $142 million above the possible, the Committee will wait for the administration’s decision on a Shuttle ricin policy for fiscal years 1989-91. Pursuant to fiscal year 1985 appropriation for NASA. Section 8 a€ &is bii, the Committee intends to assess thw-policy 5. Estimated cost to the Federal Government: decision and its potential effect on the domestic expendable launcn 59

ment and for supporting scientific and technical services. The Com- mittee has concluded the nature of these activities is such that there is no regulatory effect on individuals and businesses and no effect on individual privacy. Section 10 of this bill extends the life of the National Commis- Authaih knl: Functim 250 Mii space 7.028.8 ...... sion on Space, established last year pursuant to Public Law 98-361, hncbhn ..400 armautia ...... 623.2 ...... from twelve months to eighteen months. This will give the Com- lkmrdatim...... 6 ...... mission a full year to complete its assessment of the civilian space Totd ...... 7.652.6 ...... program, because the Commission was unable to initiate its formal proceedings and activities for the first six months of its existence, Estimated outbys: through no fault of its own. The Committee does expect an increase 250 chiliin ...... 5.201,O 1.580.2 232.3 15.3 ...... Funcfion space in paperwork as the Commission performs its studies and analyses. Funcdm4OOkrmautii...... 397.9 178.2 43.5 2.2 14 canmerculuahm ...... 5 .I ...... This increase will not be burdensome, however.

Totd ...... 5.599.4 1.758.5 275.8 17.5 1.4 CHANGES IN EXISTINGLAW In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the Standing The umts of this bill fall within budget function 250. Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as Basis of estimate: The authorization levels are the amounts speci- reported are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted fied in the bill. The outlay estimates assume that all funds author- is enclosed in black brackets, new material is printed in italic, ex- ized will be appropriated prior to the beginning of fiscal year 1986 isting law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman): and that spending will refled historical patterns. 6. Estimated cost to State and local governments: None. THE NATIONALAERONAUTICS AND SPACEADMINISFRATION 7. Estimate comparison: None. AUTHORIZATIONACT, 1985 8. Previous CBO estimate: On March 28, 1985, CBO prepared a Section 204 of that Act cost estimate for H.R. 1714, a bill to authorize appropriations for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as ordered re- FUNCl'IONS OF THE COMMISSION ported by the House Committee on Science and Technology. The appropriations authorized in S. 1278 are about $234 million leas SEC.204. (aM) * than are contained in the House bill, and estimated outlays are (c) Within [twelve] 18 months after the date ofthe establish- correspondingly less. The House bill did not include language au- ment of the Commission, the Commission shall submit to the thorizing the deferral of principal repayments to the Federal Fi- President and to the Committee on Commerce, Science and Trans- nancing Bank, and includes $107 million for such repayments. portation of the Senate and the Committee on Science and Technol- 9. Estimate prepared by: Paul M. DiNardo. ogy of the House of Representatives, a long range plan for United 10. Estimate approved by: James L. Blum, Assistant Director for States civilian space activity incorporating the results of the stud- Budget Analysis. ies conducted under this section, together with recommendations for such legislation as the Commission determines to be appropri- RECULATORYIMPACT STATEMENT ate. In accordance with paragraph ll(b) of rule XXVI of the Standing THECOMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH ACT Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the legislation: Section 24 of that Act This bill authorizes the appropriation of funds for the conduct of space and aeronautical research and development activities to AUTHORIZED APPROPRIATIONS carry out the policy and purpose of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958. These activities are conducted in NASA labora- SEC.24. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary tories by NASA personnel and through contracts with industry, $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1985. There are authorized to be appropri- universities, and research institutions for research and develop ated to the Secretary to carry out this Act $586,000 for fscal year 1986. 60

ADDJTIONAL VIEWS OF MR RIEGLE There are a number of issues in this legislation which are very aeronautical research, on the theory that private industry would important to me. Since being named ranking member of the Sub fund the program. In my view, this is another example of a short- committee on Science, Technoiogy and Space, I have ‘had an oppor- sighki poiicy suggesiiim by OMS aiid ~iiewhich WOU!~put & rkk tunity to learn a great deal about our civilian space program, and our entire aeronautics industry. There is no doubt in my mind that ita critical importance to the technological base in our country. The if we eliminate funding in this area, we will see Europe. Japan. * 8, .OUI ... that has Deen approved is the produd of mwy hours VI work ana vLner cvuntrieij inottiig to fill the market XCUZC! the YKT!~, by many different people. It is a tremendous compromise given the with the permanent loss of thousands of jobs and an important budgetary situation, which makes it difficult to fund all of the technological base in the United States. I feel that we have made worthwhle efforts within NASA. The fact that we have developed the appropriate decision to continue funding for this program and a bill that has been unanimously reported by this Committee, and know that it will help to maintain the health of this industry. one whoee funding level has been endorsed by the chairman and Finally, Mr. Chairman, a related comment about shuttle pricing ranking member of the appropriations subcommittee is testimony policies. As you know, the President is due to issue his recommen- to the coneensus which exists in support of our civilian space pro- dation for the nFxt phase of shuttle pricing, and therefore our bill gram. The legislation provides for full funding in the research and is silent on that issue. This decision, which we will all become in- analvia budget. This is the principal source of funding for univer- volved in, will determine the viability and success of our entire sity research, and ia truly the basis for our future space program, commercial program for the next decade. A policy which prices the and for areas that we can’t even conceive of today. This is a pro- shuttle too high will doom that program, and all related programs gram that is extremely im rtant to the University of Michigan to a residual status in the world marketplace. I, for one, do not be- among others, and the f&& level contained in this bill ensures lieve that our competitors will raise their launch costs anywhere that we will maintain the scientific base, both in terms of data and near that of some of the proposed shuttle prices. If the decision manpower, to continue our leadership in space. places shuttle prices in the high end of the ranges proposed, we are I am pleased that the 1 lation calla for $200 million for the handing millions of dollars to overseas competitors. In my view, the space station program. fle this is not the level of funding origi- shuttle has proven ita value many times over, and it is still a nally requested, it will be sufficient to keep the program on track. I young system. I do not want to take any actions now which will in see the space station as an inevitable step in the worldwide effort any way jeopardize ita future succe88, the success of our commer- to fully realize the commercial benefits of space. Preaently, the cialization activities, and in a very real sense our economic future United Stab is the only western nation with the techno1 ‘cal ca- in space. pability to put a station in orbit by the end of the century;T ut only There are tremendous opportunities, both scientific and commer- if we make a commitment now to achieve that goal, we stand a cial, to be realized in space. That program has been a highly SUC- ood chance of losing this op rtunity to other nations, such as cessful example of Governmenbindustry cooperation, and I hope 5agor the European Space Gency. that we will continue that effort. This bill is consistent with that e area of extreme importance to America’s CQ~titiw p- go+, wadI m~?!eased t!& we haye ~cbjeyedcenaPnsw in support ture is the aeronautics budget, and I am most pleased tEt we have of ita objectives. been able to accommodate almost the entire request. At this time, DON RIE4XJZ. we are still the world’s leader in aeronautical research and production. If you o anywhere in the world, the majority of aircraft fly are of 6.S. origin. in iarge part, thb position has been made vile through the partnership between government and industry m the development of new airframes, ernes, and avionics. While our overall balance of trade has been bleeding this Nation, the trade in aircraft, and associated items remains positive. Thie situation can chaye at any time, and we have alreadr seen an increase in efforta b iuropean cornpahies tu market the Arb- ’ for US.carriers, as wet as attem ta to market aircraft from other nations. OMB prom a total efimination of NASA support for 61 99 STAT. 1012 PUBLIC LAW 99-170-DE. 5,1985 PUBLIC LAW 99-170-DFX. 5,1985 99 STAT. 1013 0 Modifications to space shuttle main e ne support public Law 99-170 systems, National Space Technology %boratories, 99th Congress $2500,ooO. An Ad (2) Space shuttle payload facilities at various locations as followa: To authorize appropriationm ta the National AeronautiCd and Spag Auration (A) Construction of payload control rooms, John F. Ken- Ike. 5,1985 for rwearch and dcvelopmcnt, epag flight, control ad data W-Uni~atio~, nedy S ce Center, $1,200,000; and [I~R17141 co&ructim of facilities, and research and program -men& and for other (B) 8nstruction of spacecraft tystems development and purpaar. &boo.tion facility, Coddard Space Flight Center, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repreaentatives of the (3) Construckon of additions to research projects laboratory, United States of America in Congress.assembled, That t+ Act may Goddard Space Fllght Center, $3,800,000; National be cited 88 the “National Aeronautla and Space Admmlstratlon (4) Construction of microdevices laboratory, Jet Propulsion A-MII~~ and Authorization Act of 1986”. Laboratory, $8,900,000; ZLtXation (5) Construction of numerical aerodynamic simulation facil- Auth&tion TITLE I-NASA AUTHORIZATION ity, Am- Research Center, $8,200,000; Act of 1986. (6) Modifications to the 16foot transonic tunnel for im roved SEC.101. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the roductivity and reaearch capability, Langley Research Anter, National Aeronautice and Space Administration to become available %,900,000; October 1,1985: (7) Modifcation of &meter antenna, -14, Goldstone, (a) For “Reeearch and development”, for the following programs: californie, $8,500,000; (1) Space station, $205,000,000; (8) Modification of &meter antenna, DSS43, Canberra, Aus- (2) S trhportation capabili% development, $437,300,000; tralia, $8.sQo,ooo, (3) Prcaand astronom $620.4 ,ooO, (9) Repaw of facilities at various locations, not in ex- of (4) Ssciences,$WOO,&; $7750,000 per project. S22,OOO.oOO; (5) Planetary exploration, $354,000,000; (10) Rehabilitation and modification of facilities at various a plications, $537,800,000; locations, not in excess of $75O,OOO per project, $27,OOO,~, $ sZEotqy utilization, $11,100,000; (11) Minor. Fnstruction of new facilitiea and additions to (8) Commed uae of space, $17,000,000; eusting facihties at various locations, not in excess of $500,000 (9) Aeronautical research and technol ,$354,000,ooO; per ro’ 1,000,000.and (10) Space research and technology, $1%000,000; and (I& &%ty plan& and design not otherwise provided for, (11)Tracky and data advanced system, $16,200,000. s12OOO,OOo. (b) For “Space Ight, control and data communications”, for the , Notwithstanding paragrapb (1) through (12). the total amount following programs: authorized by this subsection shall not exceed $139,300,000. (1) S shuttle production and operational capability, (d) For “Research and program management”, $1,367,OOO,OOO, and $961,506% such additional or supplemental amounta as may be neceeeary for bportation operations, $1,710,!00,p; and increases in salary, pay, retirement, or other employee benefits and und network, communlcatlons and data authorizedb law. sg=.$701,30?,~. (e) ~otwiLdingthe rwisions of *on W, appropria- (c) ceplt an md+ in the e sentence of e aubeection for tions hereby authorized Jr “Research and development” and hntraet. “Constru&on of fdhed’, Fc1udu.q land acqvition, as follom: “Space flight, control and data communications”.lpay be used (1)for (1) Space transportahon facihtia at vanous locations an any items of a ca ital nature (other than acquhtion of land) whch follm- at locations other than inetalhtions of the (A) Construction of orbiter modification and refurbish- %i&aon dfor the performance of research and develo ment ment facility, John F. Kenned Space Center, $14,000,000, con- and (2) for ta to nonprofit institutions of &her (B) conetruction of thedprotection system facility, education, or to nonpro%?rganizations whoee primary purpoee is John F. Kennedy Space Center, $3,600,000; the conduct of scientific research, for purchase or construction of (0M0difht10~ for advand technol engine teat additional research facilities; and title to such facilities shall be etand S1C. George C. Marshdl Space%ght Center, vested in the United Stab unleae the Admmdra.. tor determines $6,50O,W,. m that the national program of aeronautical and apace activities will (D) Moddication for enhanced life support teet best be merved by vesting title in any such grantee institution or ’ Lyndon B. Johneon S Center, $1,100,~ organization. Each such grant shall made under such con&tions Modifications EA load changwut room, be %) to as the Administrator shalI determine to be uired to ensure that I’ d b John F. Kennedy Space Center, &%IO,000; and the United states will receive therefrom ben;ft adequate to justify *e makinp of that grant. None of the fun& appro riated for Research apd development” and “Space flight, controf and data communications” pureuant to this ~ctmy be 4in accordance 62 99 STAT. 1014 PUBLIC LAW YY-17U-DEC. 5, i985 99 1015 with this subsection for the construction of any major facility, the PL3iiZ LAW 39-170-DEC. 5, I985 STAT. estimated cost of which, including collateral equipment, exceeds $500,000, unfess the Administrator or the Administrator’s designee acquire, construct, convert, rehabilitate, or install permanent or has notified the Speaker of the IIciss of Pepiesenkti72s snd the temporary public works, including land acquisition, site prepara- Prohibition President of the Senate and the Committee on Science and Tech- tion, appurtenances, utilities, and equipment No portion of such LPJ~~ nology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on sums may be obligated for expenditure or expended to construct, Cor??r??erre,Scipnce, and Transportation of the Senate of the nature, expand, or modify laboratories and other installations unless a perioo’ ofsodays ha p& ~LCL-r~--AL-uic ncuuuwc~aw~A a-:-:-t-.,b-- vI,.- +he L.uI.....-yAA-.~,~. location, and estimated cost of such facility. 42 usc 2459a. (0When so specified and to the extent provided in an appropria- trator’s designee has transmitted to the S aker of the House of tion .Act, (1) any amount appropriated for “Research and develop ReDresentatives and to the President of the Enate and the Commit- ment”, for “Space flight, control and data communications” or for tee-on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and “Construction of facilities” may remain available without fiscal year to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the limitation, and (2) maintenance and operation of facilities and sup Senate a written report containing a full and complete statement port services contracts may be entered into under the “Research and concerning (i) the nature of such construction, expansion, or modi- program management” appropriation for periods not in excess of 12 fication, (ii) the cost thereof including the cost of any real estate months beginning at any time during the fmal year. action pertaining thereto, and (iii)the reason why such construction, (g) Appropriations made pursuant to subsection (d) may be used, ex ansion, or modification is necessary in the national interest. but not to exceed $35,000, for scientific consultations or extraor- ~EC.104. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, no Prohibition dinary expenses upon the approval or authority of the Adminis- amount appropriated pursuant to this Act may be used for any trator, and the Administrator’s determination shall be final and program- conclusive upon the accounting officers of the Government. (1) deleted by the Congress from requests as originally made (h) Of the funds ap ropriated pursuant to subsections (a), (b), and either to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- (d), not in excess of $100,000 for each project, including collateral tation of the Senate or the Committee on Science and Tech- eauipment. mav be used for construction of new facilities and nology of the House of Representatives; additions to existing facilities, and for repair, rehabilitation, or (2) in excess of the amount actually authorized for that modification of facilities: Provided, That, of the funds appropriated particular program by subsections (a),(b), and (d)of section 101; pursuant to subsection (a) or (b), not in excess of $500,000 for each and project, including collateral equipment, ma be used for any of the 13) which has not been presented to either such committee. foregoing for unforeseen programmatic nee& unless a period of thirty days has passed after the receipt by the SEC. 102. Authorization is hereby grant&l whereby any of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the amounts prescribed in paragraph (1) through (111, inclusive, of Senate and each such committee of notice given by the Adminis- section lOl(cl- trator or the Administrator’s designee containing a full and corn- (1) in the discretion of the Administrator or the Administra- plete statement of the action proposed to be taken and the facts and tor’s designee, may be varied upward 10 percent, or circumstances relied upon in support of such proposed action. Report. (2) following a report by the Administrator or the Administra- SEC.105. It is the sense of the Congress that it is in the national JZ LSC XYJ tor’s des:g.ee te the Ccmmittee CII? Sriwwcr and Technolotg of interest that consideration be given to geographical distribution of nom the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Federal research funds whenever feasible, ana that the Kationd Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the circumstances Aeronautics and Space Administration should explore ways and of such action, may be varied upward 25 per centum, to meet means of distributing its research and development funds whenever unusual cost yariations, but the total coat of all work author- feasible. idunder siich psiwtipka skid =& e~c..p.1 the tctk! of the SEC.106. No civil space station authorized under section lOl(aX1) Prohibition amounts specified in such paragra h. may be used to carry or place in orbit anv nuclear weapon or any SEC. 103. Not to exceed onehalf or1 per centum of the funds other weapon of mass destruction, to install any such weapon on any appropriaied punulilit t.~~tioii 10?(3 oi ICIe) ZXY ?Xtr~sfe~d celestial body. or to station anv such weapon in space in any other to and merged with the “Construction of facilities‘ appropriation, manner. This chi1 space station may be used only for peacetu! and, when 90 transferred, together with $lO,OOO,OOO of funds appro- purposes. prizted pumuant to section 101k) (other than funds appropriated SEC. 107. On and after the date of enactment of this Act, the pursuant to paragraph (12) of such section) shall be available for inspector &nerd or” ihe Nationd Aeruiitiiith &id Space Admhk- expenditure to construct, expand, and modify laboratories and other tration ma administer to or take from any person an oath, affirma- installations at an location (including locations specified in section tion or &davit, whenever nec in the performance of the 101(c)), if (1) the idministrator determines such action to be nec- functions assigned by the Ins-% nerd Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. essary because of changes in the national program of aeronautical A p ). Any such oath, affirmation or affidavit, when administered or and s ce activities or new scientific or engineerin developments, &en b or before an invest’ ator or such other employee of the azd (-)v the hclnkistrator determines that deferraf of such action Office orthe IFGenertfaa may be designated by the Inspec- until the enactment of the next authorization Act would be tor General, s have the same force and effect as if administered inconsistent with the interest of the Nation in aeronautical and or taken b or before an officer having a seal. space activities. The fun& so made available may be expended to SJX.lOi. The authorization for epace shuttle production and operational capability includes provisions for the production activities necessary to provide for a fleet of four epace shuttle orbiters, 99 STAT. 1016 PUBLIC LAW 99-170-DEC. 5, 1985 63 including the production of structural and component spares, nec- PUBLIC LAW 99-170-DE. 5,1985 99 STAT. 1017 essary to ensure confident and Cost effective operation of the four orbiter fleet as well as provisions for maintaining production readi- cational activities and such other activities as the President may ness for a fifth orbiter vehicle. deem appropriate. 42 USC 2451 SEC. 109. Section 204(c) of the National Aeronautics and S ace note. Administralion Autho-tion Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-361; 98 &at. TITLE II-SHU’ITLE PRICING POLICY FOR COMMERCIAL 430) is amended by stnlung “twelve” and inserting in lieu thereof AND FOREIGN USERS “18”. Report. SEC.110. Within ninety days of the date of enactment of this Act, SEC.201. The Congress finds and declares that- Space the Administrator shall rewew those recommendations of the mi- (1) the Space Transportation System is a vital element of the fimportatlon dent’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control and such other re~- United States space program, contributing to the United States ommendations as may be included in the pffce of Management and leadership in space research, technology, and development; 2466 Budget report “Management of the United States Covemment- (2) the Space ”ransportation System is the primary space 1986’ and shall submit a report to the Speaker of the House of launch system for both United States national security and civil Representatives and the President of the Senate and the Committee government missions; on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the (3) the Space Transportation System contributes to the expan- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate sion of United States private sector investment and involve on the implementation status of each such recommendation whch ment in space and therefore should serve commercial users; affects the National Aeronautics and Space Administratjon and (4) the availability of the Space Transportation System to which are within the authority and control of the Ad.minstra.t?r. foreign users for peaceful purposes is an important means of Study. SEC.111. The Administrator shall initiate an immediate feasibd- promoting international cooperative activities in the national Handicapped ity study to ensure flight opportunities for a diverse segment of the interest and in maintaining access to space for activities which penOM. American public, including a physically disabled American. 42 USC 2451 enhance the security and welfare of mankind; note. SEC. 112. The A@.$istrator shall examine and report to the (5) the United States is committed to maintaining world Report. Congress on the feasibllity of prowding space shuttle launch servlces leadership in space transportation; 42 USC 2466c on a basis of royalty recovery over the economic life of commercial (6) making the Space Transportation System fully operational note. products produced or procewed in s . and cost effective’in providing routine access to space will Study. SEC.113. The Admmistrator.shnduct a study and report to maximize the national economic benefits of the system; and Report. the Congress on a propoeed pncmg policy for certain servicea such 42 USC 2466c onorbit service, repair or recovery of spacecraft. (7) national goals and the objectives for the Space Transpor- note. as tation System can be furthered by a stable and fair pricing Bdmand S?. 114. (a) In accordance withthe provisions of this section, policy for the Space Transportation System. banking. dunng fdyear 1986 the Nahonal Aeronauti? and Space Administration shall defer payment to the Federal Financing Bank SEC.202. The purpose of this title is to set the reimbursement 42~SC2466a of the amount attributable to principal for which the Administra- pricing policy for the Space Transportation System for commercial tion is obligated durin such fiscal year as a result of the contract and foreign users which is consistent with the findings included in regarding tracking ant data relay satellite services (NAS 5-25.000) section 201, encourages the full and effective use of space, and is entered into under section 6 of the National Aeronautiar and Space designed to achieve the following goals- Administration Authorization Act, 1978 (42 U.S.C. 2463). (1) the preservation of the role of the United States as a Contracts. (b) The amount of any paFent deferred under subse$ion (a)sha!l leader in space research, technology, and develo ment; be added to the amount of pnncipal for whch the Admlntatration is (2) the efficient and cost effective use of the ipace Transpor- obligated during fiscal year 1993 aa a result of such contract. After tation System; the addition of such amount, if the total amount of repayments and (3) the achievement of greatly increased commercial space prepayments under such contract for which the Administration ie activity; and obligated during fdyear 1993 exceeds the total amount of repay- (4) the enhancement of the international competitive position ments and prepayments under such contract for which the Adminis- of the United States. tration waa obligated during fiscal year 1992, the Administration SEC.203. For purposes of this title, the term- 42 USC 2466b may defer pa ent of such excess until fiscal year 1994. (1) “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Contracts. (c) The AListrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Aeronautics and Space Administration; and Administration is authorized to renegotiate such contract, if the (2) “additive costt means the average direct and indirect costs Administrator determines that such renegotiation is necessary to to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of enable the Administration to defer payments as provided in this providing additional flights of the Space Transportation System section. beyond the ci&a associated with those flights necessary to President of US. SIOC.115. The President shall submit to the Co at the meet the space transportation needs of the United States *’Re*. earliest practicable date, but not later than May 1.19- rt on Government. any action taken with res to the establishment in 199rof an SEC.204. (a) The Administrator shall establish and implement a 42 USC 2466c International Space Year. uch report shall include descriptions of pricing system to recover reimbursement in accordance with the possible international missionsr and related research and edu- pricing policy under section 202 from each commercial or foreign user of the Space Transportation System, which except as provided in subsections (c), (d), and (e) shall include a base price of not less 64

39 STAT. iOi8 PLrBLIC TAW 99-l?O--DEx.5,1985 than $74,000,000 for each flight of the Space Transportation System in 1982 doh. Report. (b) Each year the Administrator shdi submit to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Science and Techno!ogy of the IIollse of Repmentativee, a report, transmitted contemporaneously with the annual budget request of the Resident, which shall inform the Congrem how the licy goals contained in section 202 are being furthed by the sRttle price for foreign and commercial users. (cX1) If at any time the Admiiist+w finds that the policy goals contained in section 202 are not being achieved, the Administrator shall have authonty to reduce the base price established in subsection (a)after forty-five daya following receipt by the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Traneportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives of a notice by the Adminiitor containing a description of the propased reduction together with a full and complete statement of the facta and Circumatancee which necessitate such propod reduction. (2) In no c88e shall the minimum price eatabbhed under sub tion (cX1) be lese than additive ca&. (d) The Administrator may set a prie lower than the price determined under eubeection (a)or (c), or provide noumt flights, for any commercial or foreign ueer of the Space "ransportation System who is involved in research, development or demonstration pm grams with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subeection (a), the Adrmnut trator shall have the authority to offer reaeonable customer incentives consistent with the policy goah in section 202. 42 usc u68 Sm 205. This title shall apply to flighta of the Space Tranepor- note. tation System beginning on and after October 1,1988. "LE-IU-OFFXCE OF COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION 49 USC app. Sec. 301. Section 24 of the Commercial Space Launch Act (Public 2628. Law 98-575; 98 Stat. 3064) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: "There ie authorized to be appropriated to the Sec- retary to carry out thin Act $586,OOO for fiscal year 1946.". Approved hrn-mr 5, is%. 65

REPORT -$30,000,000 from the space station. The bill provides for a r+ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 99-212 gram level of $200,000,000 for the space station in 1986. The &m- I mittee expecta NASA to recommend the actual distribution of the $30,000,000 reduction within the space station program. It urges DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT- the Agency, however, to make the reduction on the basis of priorities required to balance proper1 Phase B definition studies and INDEPENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIATION BILL, 1986 advanced technology work. In ad&ion, language has been included in the bill which permits the Administrator, at his discretion, to increase the total available for space station from 8200,000,000, to $210,000,000. Such an increase, however, must be derived from the JULY 18.1985.--cOmmitted to the Committee of the Whole Horn on the State of $10,000,000 rovided in this account for the OrbitakManeuvering the Union and ordered to be printed Vehicle (o& , which has been funded at $10,000,000 in fiscal year 1986. -$15,000,000 from the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle. As is indicated above, this would reduce the OWprogram level in 1986 to Mr. &LAND, from the Committee on Appropriations, $10,000,OoQ-unlees the Administrator elects to add these funds to submitted the following station activity. thY==25,000,000 from the Solar Optical Telesco . This reduction provides for a p am level of $5,000,000 in I&. ~nmaking this REPORT recommendation~eCommittee notes that the Solar Optical Tele- scope has been funded in fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 at the (To accompany H.R. 80W respective levels of $4,000,OOO, $6,000,000 and $9,800,000. NASA intended to use a part of the $9,soO,000 available in 1985 to initiate The Committee on Appropriations submits the following report development work on the Solar Optical Telescope. The Committee, in explanation of the accompanying bill making appropriations for however, took strong exception to the concept of beginning this the bpartment of Houaing and Urban Development, and for without formally requ it as a new start”. Because sundry independent agencies, boards, commisaione, corporations, Z”concem, the Agency not to proceed with develop and offices for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, and for ment funding for this program-pendinga a 1986 funding decision. other purpoeee. In that connection the Committee believes it is important to point -. out that the cost of this program has grown from an eatimated NATIONALAJIUONAUTICS AND SPACEADM~ISTRATION $lOa,OOO,000 to more than $300,000,000. Because of this cost growth, the Committee strongly urgea NASA to make a decision BE8EABCH ANDD-PMENT relative to whether this p should proceed to a development 1985 appropriation...... $2,422,600,000 commitment in 1986. In m that decision, the Committee be- mimate, 1986 ...... 2.881,800,000 lieves it is important evaluate the Agency’s 1987 and Recommended in bill ...... 2,766,800,000 1988 anticipated bu et levels and determine if this and other pro- Derreaae below estimate...... - 125,000,000 81118 can reasonaby7 be accommodated within those eatmated The research and development account of the National Aeronau- Kll ds. In this connection, it is the Committee’s judgment that tics and Space Administration includes funding for the space sta- NASA should preserve the funding stream for projects already uq- tion and various programs involving the application of space capa- and should onl commit to new projecta that can be bilities in remote sensing of land murces, ocean and atmospheric t.?git an efficient obLation rate concomitant with the Agen- conditions; materials processing; and communications. In the area cy’s estimated future bu et allocations. of space science, it includes projects designed to explore the solar -$4,000,000 from Life ences. system and expand man’s knowledge of the universe. Also included -85,000,000 from Mars observer. under this heading are development programs involving aeronau- - $25,000,000 from Scatterometer. tics technology which support the civilian and military capability -$5,000,000 from Up r Atmospheric Research Satellite. * of the United States in the areas of airframe and engine manufac- -$5,000,000 from A$L~Communications ~echnologysatel- turing. lite. -$13,000,000 from Commercial The Committee recommends a total of $2,756,800,000 for this ac- quest for Commercial Programs inclu? ed $41,100,000.The 1986 Within budget that re- count in fdyear 1986. This is a decrease of $125,000,000 below amount, $30,000,000 was intended to be made available for com- the budget request and an increase of $334,200,000 above the 1985 mercial use of s ce and $11,100,000 for technology utilization. The bel. The recommendation includes the following increases, de- reduction of $1&,000 may be Wen from these activities at the creams, and changes to the program areas described below: discretion of the Agency. 66 t ‘. +$2,000,000 for Microgravity Materials Research. The Commit- In connection with the ongoing search and rescue progrtm, the tee is concerned that insufficient resources have been made avail- Committee is pleased that NASA has progressed to an operational able for various aspects of microgravity research within NASA. It status and supports the continued carriage of search and rescue in- is vitally important that the basic research be adequately ad- struments on National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Adminis- dressed in this area before the design components of a space sta- tration polar orbiting weather satellites. The Committee also tim materi_sl_aprwwing laboratory can properly be determined. strongly supports the NASA concept of a backup satellite carrying The Committee is also “capping“ the 1986 amounts for a num’oer search and rm~ek:stnlmoats which waa described in hearinga on of programs. In accordance with the agreement as outlined in a the 1986 appropriation. This satellite would ensure that the United letter from NASA to the Cammittee, dated August 9, 1984, these States’ commitments to the international search and rescue pre “caps”, if included in the conference repon, may IIV~be lift& zith grz~cdd met even if an early failure of the NOAA satellite or out the approval of the Committees on Appropriations. a search and rescue instrument occurred. It is understood that a I. Space Station-%200,000,000 (with the option described study is underway to examine the feasibility and cost of a backup above to increase this amount to $210,000,000). sateiiiie, and the C~rnmitteemqwsts that NASA provide a copy of 2. Upper Stages-$122,000,000. the study when it is completed. Further, the Agency is urged to 3. Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle-$10,000,000. proceed with the development of this satellite as soon as possible 60 4. Space Telesco $127,800,000. that United States’ international commitments can be met. 5. kiar Optid Kscope-$5,000,000. The Committee also recognizes and supports the continuing 6. Gamma Ray Observatory-$87,3OO,OOO. NASA effort to provide for system improvements such aa the dew! 7. Galileo-$39,700,000. opment of new distress transmitters, specifically designed for satel- 8. Scatterometer-$6,000,000. lite detection, global coverage, and the possibility of instantaneous 9. Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite-$129,000,0. detection using geosyncronous hoped that this work 10. Commercial Progra1ns-$28,100,000. satellites. It is In connection with the space station, in the 1985 HUD-Independ- will prdas rapidly as technology wiil permit. ent Agencies report, the Committee suggested that if future budget Finally, the Committee strongly urges that some improvements deficits did not permit the full development of the space station-it to the presently deployed emergency locator transmitters should be was essential that the permanently manned element not be the addressed. It is not satisfactory that units with a false alarm rate principal or sole survivor of budget retrenchments. Since that con- of over 97 percent and a non-activation rate of 70 percent continue cern was expressed, the budget situation has deteriorated. Indica- to be mandated by the Federal government when an improved tions are that it will continue to severely restrict future NASA a technical standard has been developed and can be provided for re propriations. Because of that fact, in the hearings held on the 19l- 6 spective satellite monitoring. It is recognized that NASA cannot NASA appropriation, it was clearly expressed that the Committee initiate the necessary administrative action to mandate improved did not want to find the Nation in a situation that permitted the transmitters, but as the developer of the satellite system, NASA development of the manned aspects of the space station while the should urge the Federal Aviation Administration to proceed and platforms, laboratories and payload servicing functions were should make available technical expertise to support any FAA ini- stretched out. It is that concern, expressed both last year and this tiative in this area. year, that drove the Committee’s recommendation to explore a complementary man-tended option. The Committee is encouraged SPACE FLIGHT CONTROL AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS that NASA recognizes the potentially serious implications of future ...... $33,601,800,000 funding constraints and stands ready to cooperate with the Agency ...... 3,509,900,000 to achieve the common goal of a permanently manned space sta- ...... 3,402,900,000 tion that includes at the outset the useful and productive activities ...... -107,000,OOo planned. The space flight control and data communications account in- Finally, the Committee recognizes that NASA is engaged in co- cludes the program elements that provide for the national fleet of ordination cf high!y corr?p!en efforts to negotiate international par- space shuttle orbiters, including main engines, launch site and mis- ticipation in the space station program. It is pleased to see the suc- sion oper&iix-i-i, montro! reqpimments; initial spares, production cessful conclusion of a memorandum of understanding with the Eu- tooling, and related supporting activities. This account also pre ?wean Spare Agency, Canada and Japan for the coo ration and vides the standard operational support seMces for the space shut- ’ parallel activities during Phase B definition studies. Re Commit- tle md the expendable launch vehicles, and includes tracking, te tee encourages NASA to utilize the expertise resident in the lemetry, command, and data acquisition support required to meet United States academic community to formulate arrangements for all NASA flight projects. inkrriaticinal involvemeEt and requesta that NASA arrange for an The Committee recommends a total of $3,402,900,000 for this ac- academic organization to submit a report on alternative ways that tivit in fiaCai year 1986. This is EL decrease of $lo?,~,OOO below the benefits of the academic community might be uti!ized by the the tudget request and is $198,900,000 below the 1985 appropria- Agency with respect to the international aspects of space station. tion. The Committee directs that the fuil $iO7,O00,OOO redactiozi 5e 67

taken from the repayment of the loan principal to the Federal Fi- The committee recognizes that this issue was debated before the nancing Bank for the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. House in A ril of this year and that the House amended the Com- The Committee has recommended no reductions in funding for mittee on &en= and Technology's proposed language. However, the Space Transportation System (STS)in this or the research and that amendment would raise the shuttle launch cost ceiling to ap development accounts. This a proach is intended to provide NASA proximately $106,OOO,OOO. The Committee believes such a level with maximum flexibility in lealing with a number of STS related would only serve to enhance the prospects of foreign commercial fun- problems. These include an ongoing effort to upgrade the expendable launch vehicle (ELV)interests. In fact, this problem is orbiter s crosswind landing capability, shuttle-Centaur development 80 serious it should be noted that the Administrator of NASA with- difficulties, and a requirement for additional funds to maintain ex- drew the agen s recommendation of a shuttle launch price of isting tracking facilities until the second TDRSS spacecraft is suc- $87,000,000 for period 1989 through 1991. In taking that action, cessfully launched. Because of these and other concerns, the Com- the AdministratorxL made the following points mittee again felt it was important to attach the highest funding -It is becoming incmasingly clear that the shuttle will not be priority to the Space Transportation System. able to compete effectively with the European Ariane launch vehicle at a price of $87,000,000 per flight. Projections of CONsTBucIlON OF FACILITIES demand for s launch semcea, earlier predicted as high as 30 to 40 sate= r year, have eroded to a level of no more 1985 appropriation...... $150,o0O,000 Jbtimate, 1986 ...... 149,300,000 than 17 to 20 sateEte launches each year during the 1989 to Recommended in bill ...... 139.300,000 1991 period. The shuttle and U.S. ex ndable launch vehicles Decreeae below eetimate...... - lO,o0O,080 each have the capacity to handle tR", entire market alone. The Committee recommends $139,300,000 for the construction of Arianeapace, with onl a modest investment, could also in- facilities in 1986. The reduction includes, without prejudice, either crease its capacity s& ciently to handle the entire market. the $8,000,000 requested for construction of spacecraft systems de Thus, launch semcea have become a buyers' market rather velopment and in ation facility at the Mdard S ce Flight than a sellers' market. . center, or the $8,8000 requested for construction oEmicrode -It has been demonstrated that while many factors are consid- vices laborato at the Jet Prdpulsion Laborato The Committee ered in the selection of a launch vehicle, a price advantage of believes that tL project can be deferred until %tal year 1987 or about five percent will strongly influence the buyers' selection. 1988. The Committee is also recommen a specific project reduc- During the past twelve months, under the current shuttle tion owing to the fact that in the past t fiscal years general price of $'7l,QOO,000covering the 1986 through 1988 period, the appropriation retrenchments in this accountd"",, have been allocated.tp shuttle has lost one-half of the available paylaads to Ariane. In minor construction and repair and rehabilitation of NASA fad- fact, in the most recent competition for launches, NASA has ties. Further reductions in these areas will cause expensive and un- witnd Arianespace consistently underbidding- the shuttle neceseLuy costs that are not warranted. and ca turing a larger share of the market. -It has Lmeincmasingly evident that available U.S. expend- BIF8EARCH AND PBOOBAM MANAGEMENT able launch vehicles cannot make inroads against Ariane. Spokesmen for U.S. companies who are attempting to market 1985 appropriation...... $1,317,000,000 commercial' ~VShave to the Congress that the shub Estimate, 1986 ...... 1,34s,o0O,OOo testified Recommended in bill ...... 1,36'7,O00,000 tle price must be raiaed to approximate1 $120,000,000 to Incream above estimate ...... +~o0O,000 $150,000,000 per flight in order for U.S. Ed to compete with the shuttle. At that price, however, there is an excellent The Committee is recommending $1,367,000,000,a net increase of chance that all or most of the entire satellite launch market $22,000,000 above the budget request for research atld program management. The is made up of for reatora- would be surrendered to Ariane. increase $42,000,000 -In addition to preventing U.S. s ce transportation leadership, tion of the five rcent pay reduction assumed in the President's high shuttle prices will also sbit the commercial develop 1986 budget and", partial offset of $2O,OOO,000 in non-personnel ment of space. The commercial production of new medicines, compensation and benefits object classes. The Committee requests semiconductoTB and other materials is hl dependent on that NASA submit a report b September 1, 1985, indicating how initial lowcoet transportation to orbit. The%cLnnell-kuglas the offsetting reduction would # applied. Corporation, which is a leader in the field of developing new ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISION commercial ap lications in space, has advised the De of Commerce tkt the original proposed rice of $87,~~~ The Committee has included bill lan age establishing a ceilin a full pa load shuttle flight would &asticall reduce the on the shuttle launch price of $71,4&000 for the period 1988 number ofpotential producta the company woulibe willing to ugh 1991. This action mirrors the recommendation of the investigate from the 11 currently lanned to only four. Science and Technology Committee in the bill, H.R. 1714, as The shuttle is a national asset. The !Wedgovernment, through reported from the Committee. NASA and the Department of Defense, has mvested approximately 68

$18,000,000,000 in the space transportation system. It has been the policy of this and past Administratiom that the shi;tt!e k the pri- CHANGFSIN THE APPLICATIONOF EXISTINGLAW mary space launch system for all U.S. government missions. With- out capping the shuttle price at for the period The Committee submits the following statements in compliance * $71,400,000 1989 througn iwi, tile Gj~~zi%*kck!ic;~~ ibat EASA wcrr!d e virtu- with Clause 3, Rule XXI of the House of Representatives, describ- ally every commercial communications satellite launched by ing the effecb ol' prOW-iioiir? si~-p& in the zcmmpanying bill Ariane and would experience a serious erosion in the potential which may be considered, under certain circumstances, to change commercialization of space. in short, the Zommit'tix blieves that the application of existing law, either directly or indirectly. after spending $18,000,000,000on the shuttle system, the setting of The Committee, in a number of instances, has faunb it necessary a price significantly higher than $71,400,000 would make very little to recommend funding for ongoing activities and programs where sellae. authorizations have not been enacted to date. This includes some or all of the programs under the Department of Housing and TvTibm Development, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, TITLE IV the Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Emergency GENERAL PROVISIONS Management Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration, the National Science Foundation and the Neighborhood The Committee recommends that the general provisions applica- Reinvestment Corporation. ble to the Department and agencies carried in the current fiscal In some cases, the Committee has recommended appropriations year be continued in fiscal year 1986. which are less than the maximum amounts avthorized for the various programs funded in the bill. Whether these actions constitute a change in the application of existing law is subject to interpreta- INFLATXONARYIMPACT STATEMENT tion, but the Committee felt this should be mentioned. Clause 2(1X4) of Rule XI of the House of Representatives requires The bill provides that several appropriations shall remain avail- that each committee report on a bill or resolution shall contain a able for more than one year for which the basic authorizing legisla- statement whether enactment of such bill or resolution may have tion does not presently authorize such extended availability. Most an inflationary impact on prices and costs in the operation of the of these items have been carried in previous appropriation Acts. national economy. The Committee deems such language desirable in order to provide Critics of government spending suggest that practically any for the effective use of the funds. spending by government is inflationary. If that were true, then the The Committee has included limitations for official reception and funds proposed in this bill would be inflationary. However, all Fed- representation expenses for selected agencies in the bill. eral spending is not inherently inflationary. It should be analyzed The bill contains administrative provisions under the National in the context of the economic situation in which it occurs, the ti- Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Veterans Adminis- tration. Some of these provisions could possibly be construed as nancial condition of government at the time, and the sectors of the changing the application of existing law. economy which the spending may affect. Sections 401 through 415 of title IV of the bill, all of which are carried in the 1985 HUDIndependent Agencies Appropriation Act, It is the considered opinion of the Committee that enactment of are general provisions which place limitations on the use of funds this bill will not have an inflationary impact on prices and costs in in the bill and which might, under some circumstances, be con- LL~lle op~~~~~~.~ ,.C,k-..e netiom! mnnnmy. Further information on the strued * changing the application-- of existing law. purpose of the spending proposed in this bill can be obtained in The biii inciudes, in cedik-tkmxs, !kiktions on the obliga- other parts of this report. Also, a large amount of detailed statisti- tion of funds for particular functions or programs. These limita- cal sl?d fnmckd information can be obtained in the hearings con- tions include restrictions on the obligation of funds for administra- , ducted in developing this bill. tive expenses, the -me d mmultante, and programmatic areas within the overall jurisdiction of a particular agency, The administrative provision on page 2'7, establishing a ceiling on shuttle launch prices. could be construed as changing the application of existing law. 69

LIMITATIONSAND LEGISLATIVEPROVISIONS The following limitations and legislative provisions not hereto- fore carried in connection with any appropriation bill are recommended: On page 24, in connection with the National Aeronautics and C.~.no A A- i iotvnt;,, -_COO onA A~.ml,-.nmom t. "pub- '.U*..***.Y~ILA~~".*,- *u"~u*c.. YllU Uu.u."y.A.u..". Provided, That of the funds provided herein, not to exceed $.200,000,000shall be available for a space station, except that the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration may increase the aforementioned amount by the $10,000,000 made available herein for the orbital maneuvering vehicle On page 27, in connection with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, administrative provision: Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the space shuttle pricing policy for commercial and foreign users for the period beginning on October 1, 1988, and ending on September 30, 1991, shall be in the manner provided for in title ZI of H.R. 1714, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1986, as reported to the House of Representatives on March 28, 1985 70

Calendar No. 280 PROGUiV DESCRIPnON The objectives of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA] program of research and development are to extend our knowledge of the Earth, its space envirooment and the universe: to expand the practical applications of space technology; to develop, operate, and improve unmanned space vehicles; to provide technology for improving the performance of aeronautical vehicles while minimizing their DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT- environmental effects and energy consumption: and to assure continued INDEPENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIATION BILL, 1986 development of the aeronautics and space technology necessary to accomplish national goals. The appropriations provides for the following research, development, and procurement activities of NASA: Space station.-The United States will continue with the design and AUGUsr 28.1985.4rdUcd to be printed definition of a space station; orbital activities planned for FWunder authority of the order of the Senate of Am1(legdative day. JULY 16). 1985 initial are launch within the decade. A U.S. space station will provide spacebased facilities to allow for enhancement of the Nation's science and applications programs and for development of capabilities for cornmenial ex- Mr. GARN.From the Committee on Appropriations, ploitation of space, while exploring advanced technologies potentially submitted the following useful to the economy. In kal year 1986. definition studies, advanced technology developments. and preliminary design will be pursued. One of the main objectives of the definition and design period will be to REPORT clarify future costs and capabilities of any potential station confisura- tion. particular, emphasis will be placed on insuring that potential vo rcanplny H.R.30381 In station configurations provide a balance between manned and un- The Committee on Appropriations to which was referred the bill manned elements that can be readily adaptable to changing future (H.R. 3038) making appropriations for the Depamnent of Housing and national requirements and future technologies. Urban Development and for sundry independent agencies, boards. com- Space tmnsprtation systems-The principal areas of activity in space missions, oorporatiom, and offices for the liscal year ending Septem- transportation capability development are: efforts related to the space- ber 30,198a. and for other purposes, reports the same to the Senate lab, the upper stages that place satellites in high altitude orbits not at- with various amendments and presents herewith an explanation of the tainable by the shuttle, the engineering and technical base, payload contents of the biU operations and support equipment, advanced programs study and evaluation efforts, the development of the United StatedItaly tethered satellite system, and development of the orbital maneuvering vehicle. De- NATIONALAERONAUTICS AND SPACEADMINIS~~U~ON velopment of a reusable orbital maneuvering vehicle will begin in 1986 RESEARCH AND DEVEU)PMENF with initial operations planned for 1990. The OMV will retrieve space- .. craft provide mote satellite servicing and other operations beyond 1% appmQMaon ...... $2,422,600.000 shuttle capability. The European Space Agency developed spacelab suc- 1986 budget atimw...... 2.881.600.000 cessfully completed its mission December along with both . House allomra ...... L756.800.000 first in 1983 ...... 2790.800.m The Committee recommends an appropriation of $2,790,800.000 for research and development activities. This amount is $9l.O00,000 less than the budget estimate and $34,000,000 more than the House allow- ' 4 =e. 71 i ' %s second developmental and first operational missions during 1985. chemical change. Development activities will be continued on the scat- Dedicated missions for fiscal year 1986 involve use of the spacelab terometer that will be flown on the Navy's remote Ocean sensing system module, pallets, and other minor structures for science and applications to measure wind velocity on the surhce of the ocean. In the space com- missions. Efforts on space transportation system upper stages will be munications area, development activities will be continued in 1986 on pursued Further. Development of the common NASAIUSAF Centaur/ the advanced communications technology satellite [ACTS] planned for STS upper stage will continue. In 1985. two CentaurISTS upper stages hunsh in 1989. The ACTS mission involves the development and dem- will be delivered for the 1986 launches af the Galileo and the Ulysses onstration of technologies required for future communications satellites. missions. Additional STS upper stages will be procured for the Venus Commercial pmgrarns-These programs include the technology utili- rz&z mzpper. !rx!ci~g xnd data relay satellite missions. and other -I"-*rtirrn --*nA rornrnerrlal_------im of %pace. The Technologv Utilization Pro- NASA missions. The tethered satellite system will provide a new capa- gram is designed to facilitate the transfer of NASA developed technol- bility for conducting space experiments in regions remote from the ogy to the nonaerospace sectors of the U.S. economy. During fiscal year space shuttle orbiter. especially in the upper atmosphere. 1986, NASA wiiI conunue irs eEom Lo help fustei widespread dis- Space science and applications-This program utilizes space systems semination of new technology developed by the Agency's programs. supported by airborne and ground-based observations to conduct scien- The commercial use of space is designed to increase private sector tific investigations of the Earth and its space environment. the Sun. the awareness of the opportunities in space. Private industry will be encour- pia ne^ and interplanetary and interstellar space, and the other stars of aged to invest and participate in high technology iWZWch acd develop- our galaxy and universe. Results from these investigations contribute to ment utilizing the unique characteristics of space. our understanding of the universe. including the key questions of life, Aemnaulics and space lechnologv.-The objecuve of the Aeronautical matter, and energy. In addition, this program conducts the research and Research and Technology Program is to provide the broad technology selected technology developments to encourage the practical application base essential to the preservation of U.S. leadership in aviation. Specific of space technologies to needs on Earth. The major physics and astron- technology efforts in fiscal year 1986 will continue to be directed omy activities in fiscal year 1986 include: final integration and testing toward major improvements .in high-performance aircraft supersonic of the Hubble space telescope leading to launch in the second half of aircraft rotorcraft advanced propulsion, and numerical aerodynamics 1986; fabrication and testing of major Gaauna Ray Observatory subsys- simulation. Major thrusts of fiscal year 1986 activities include: continu- tems; and continuation of shuttle/spacelab instrument development and ing advancement in both basic aeronautical disciplines and systems mission management activities including development of sounding research maintaiuing and operating specialized fxilities essential to rocketrlass payloads to be flown on the shuttle. Spacelabs 2 and 3 have aeronautical research. and pursuing technological advances in critical successfully been launched in 1985 and spacelaw is scheduled for . areas of high risk and potentially high payoff to the Nation. The objec- launch in 1986. Work is also continuing on several Explorer projects to tives of the Space Research and Technology Program are to provide the continue research thrusts started in prior years In the planetary explor- technology base necessary to support current and future space activities ation area. the major firal year 1986 activities will be the final testing and to formulate and advance technology options for the future. These of the Galileo spacecraft leading to launch to Jupiter in May 1986, the activities emphasize the longer-range aspects of generic research and delivery of the Ulysses (formerly the International Solar Polar Mission) technology development which are crucial in maintaining future U.S. spacecraft by ESA for launch in 1986. and the continuation of the leadership. Venus radar mapper spacecraft design and development activities with Tmking and &ra odvanced systems.--?he overall objective of the Ad- critical design reviews on the spacecraft and synthetic aperture radar. vanced Systems proSram is to perform studies to ensure capability for The Mars observer mission (formerly Mars geoscience/climatology or- tracking and data acquisitions, communications, and data processing biter) design and development activities will also be continued in fiscal support required by all NASA flight projects in accomplishing their year 1986. Voyager 2 (launched in 1977) is targeted to encounter the mission objectives. plane! IJranus in 1986 ,and Neptune in 1989. The major activities in the space applications area include analysis of data from the shuttle imaging CoMMl'lTeE RECOhfMENDATION , radar [SIR] plus the upgrading of the SIR instrument for geological sapping ic- the !md md mean environment* continuation of shuttle/ The Committee recommends 62.790,800.000 for this account. This is spacelab development efforts along with definition activities on ad- OFi.W.000 iess &an the budget iwuest ad$X.W.xC noie ilii tkle vanced instruments, and development of instruments to be flown on the House allowance. This represents an increase of $368,200,000, or 15 per- tethered satellite system. Development efforts will also continue in 1986 cent, over the fiscal year 1985 level. on the upper atmospheric research satellite mission which will conduct The following table displays the Senate mommendation and com- research .on rhe Earth's Upper atmosphere to assess its susceptibility fo pares it to that of the House: 72

The Committee in making its difficult decisions relating to specific programs has attempted to move forward the orbital manuevering $230.000.000 -&30.000.000 -(20.000.000 vehicle so that it will be operational when the Hubble space telescope 25,000.000 - 16,000,000 - 15.000.000 will require servicing. The Committee has funded both the solar optical 30.000.000 - 25.000,000 - 10,000,000 LibachC.8 ...... 72.000.000 - 4.000.000 - 2004000 telescope [SOT]and the advanced communications technology satellite ...... 43.m.000 -aoao.m -5.000.000 [ACTS] at the maximum level prudent within existing budget con- 31,7CQ.000 - 25.000.000 -11,000,000 straints. The Committee believes that NASA should have previously lJm=abnomherk-ch 134.000.000 - 5.000.m - 10.0#),000 cunmunicalm Iec identified the solar optical telescope as a new start. The Committee 90,000.000 - 5.000.000 - 10.000.000 does not now want to penalize this important space physics program 41.100.000 - 13.000.000 -am.m (microgravity re. which represenn the largest science facility that NASA currently plans ...... 34.000.000 2.000.000 ...... to operate from the shuttle. The launch date of 1990 can still be sup- 91.000.000 ported with the :eccmended funding level. The Committee has also - 125.000.000 - funded the adbanced communications technology satellite at a level that The Committee provided $210.000,000 for the Space Station Program will permit a launch at the end of 1989. ACTS is unique in that which is $2O,QOo,~ less than the request and $1O,O00.000 above the roughly 22 percent of the total program cost will be contributed by House allowance. The Committee continues to be strongly supportive of private industry and associated experiments. the space station and automation and robotics initiative which is part of The Committee is supportive of the NASA efforts in aeronautics and the Space Station Program. The Committee provided bill language last space technology such as the Advanced Turboprop Program and the year to assure that automation and robotics advanced technologies were Rotary Engine Development Program. Although the Committee is not made an integral part of the planning and development for the space making any specific funding recornmendations it will closely monitor station. the performance of these programs. the adequacy of NASA's level of The Committee is pleased with the results of its mandated report on commitment to ensure timely development of these technologies, and the findings of the automation and robotics panel of specialists fiom in- the Committee shall reevaluate its position for fiscal 1987. dustry, universities, and government. The Committee is also pleased In keeping with prior year practice, the Committee has deleted pro- with the way the NASA Advanced Technology Advisory Committee gram caps contained in the House bill. [ATAC] functioned to develop an integrated NASA approach for sub- The Committee has monitored the progress of the Gravity Probe B mission to the space station contractors prior to the initiation of phase Program over a considerable period of time. It has as its objective the B activities. The principal reason for the addition of $10,000,000 over addressing of the pure science question of how to test Einstein's general the House recommendation is to continue the space station automation theory of relativity by means of orbiting gyroscopes. Most recently a and robotics initiative. flight development program using a shuttle flight to verify the function- The Committee was impressed by the conclusion in its mandated ing gyroscopes and magneuc shielding prior to the flight of the system report that computer assisted design [CAD] and computer assisted as a free flyer. The Committee urges NASA to continue support of the manufacturing techniques could significantly increase the efiiency of definition phase with the view toward a flight test fiscal year 1990-91 NASA space station operations. The report noted that compatible CAD time period. representations, provided by all contractors, can allow the space station The Committee has noted wiih interest the increasing private sector to be managed. without the large amount of paper currently required entrepreneurial activity by firms engaged in developing space hardware for the Space Transportation System. and services through privately funded investment without Federal ap- More importantly, however, the report noted that the use of com- propriations. This trend should be encouraged as a means of enlarging puter aided engineering teams would open complex projects to a fkr an important new field of industrial innovation and development and greater pool of innovative thinking and knowledge. leveraging, under certain circumstances, tight Federal budgets for new In that regard the Committee is very interested in the possibility that space projects with private funds. To this end the Committee encour- * the use of computer aided design, manufacturing, and engineering will ages NASA to examine technical, legal, and procedural barriers to pri- permit smaller contractors to be more involved in NASA projects tradi- vate funding initiative for developing and marketing space hardware tionally dominated by a relatively small group of large contractors. The and services. The Committee requests NASA to investigate and report, Committee requests that the agency, within 6 months, report to the before submission of its fiscal year 1987 budget on the various oppor- ommittee on the use of computer aided systems to reduce costs, and tunities for supporting private initiatives on projects currently under rease efficiency. consideration as new start candidates including Space Transportation '*L System capability enhancement space station components, microgravity processing, and other potential new line items. 73

' 4 rd The Committee has been advised of the programmatic. research. and increased flight rate of up to 20 east coast launches per vear. Ciurirg professional activities of national significance being conducted at the 1986. a second launch pad and third mobile launch platform will >c Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy. acukated. The Space Transportation Operations Program provides the This institution has concentrated research emphasis on matters closely standard operatlonal support senices for the space shuttle and the ex- related to the activities of NASA and the National Institutes of Health pendable launch vehicles. in the area of chronophysioiogy and chiofiopham,aco!ogy. These re- Wihn shtde nperarionb. extundl tank dnd solid rocket booster search effom may have significant impact on space travel. spacelabs, as flight hardware is provisioned. werhauled. and repaired and the man- well as transmeridian air flights while on Earth. power. propellants, and other materials are furnished to conduct both The Committee, therefore, airecu NASA tc exziiine &e resexct? 2nd 2igh: 2nd g:=ux! (!xnch and landing) operations. training activities being conducted at Florida A&M University College The Space Shuttle Operations Program provides for the launch ot of Pt;am,accy. md make recommendations as to how these efforts could NASA. Deparunen: of Defense. other L.S. Go\ernmenr domestic com- augment the ongoing life science and health programs of the agency. mercial and internationai missions on a ieiinbiiisabk basis. ??x fi~~d! year 1986 budget supports 14 launches with the flight rate continuing to SPACE FLIGHT. COXROL. AND DATA COMML?UICATIOFiS build consistent with increased demands for launch and operational 1%: app:cpzat:o!! . ,...... 53.601.800.000 services by users. The NASA Expendable [.dunch Vehicle Program 1986 budget estimate...... 3,j*.%.m (Scout. ijeita. Arias. Ccni~r.dnd .A&% F) *&:!! be ccrr?p!sce!Y hinded House allouance ...... 3.402.900.000 Committee recommendation ...... 3.412.900.000 vn a reimbursable basis in 1986. The Delta Program will continue to support the last tuo launches current& scheduled through 1986. The The Comm~tteerecommends an appropriation of $3,412.900.000 in .Atlas Cenraur Program includes tu0 international missions planned for fiscal year 1986 for the space flight, control. and data communications 1985 and three GoLernment missions planned through 1987. actibities. This amount is 597,000.000 less than the budget estimate and Spoce lrilcking md dura trcquisilion.-This program provides vital $10.000.000 more than the House allowance. tracking, tclemetr) . command. dnd data acquisition support for Earth-or- PR0GRA.M DESCRIPTION bital spacecraft. planetarc missions. sounding rockets. balloons, and research aircraft. This support is currently provided by a worldwide ner- The space flight. control. and data communications appropriation work of NASA ground stations. and by the first of a system of three provides for the production and operational activities for the space tracking and data relay satellites in geosynchronous orbit working with transportation system and the tracking. telemetry, command, and data a single highly specialized ground station. Facilities are also provided to acquisition support of all NASA flight projects. process into meaningful form the scientific, applications. and engineer- Space lransportation sysrewz.-Shuttle production and operational ing data which are collected from tlight projects. In addition to provid- capability and space transportation operations are the key elements of ing support to NASA flight programs in 1986. support is provided on a the space transportation system that are contained within this appropria- reimbursable basis for projects for the Deparment of Defense and tion. The Shuttle Production and Operational Capability Program pro- other Government agencies. commercial frms. and other countries and vides for the national fleet of space shuttle orbiters including main en- international organizations engaged in space research endeavors. gines. launch site and mission operational control requirements, initial structural and operational spares. production tooling, and related sup- COMMInEE RECO\NE\DUlO\ porting activities. In 1985. Columbia (OV-102) will undergo a major The Committee recommends $3.312,900.0@0for this account. This is modification process that will strengthen the internal structure and pro- S97.000.000 less than the budget request dnd ~iO.OOO.0~more than the vide Columbid with greater vehicle load-carrying capability. Atlantis House allowdnce. The Committee has recommended no reductions in (OV-104) was delivered in April 1985. Discovery (OV-103) is presently the funding for thc space transportation sysrern [STS]. While no addi- planned to be used tor tne first west coaji buiich in !?86. Other m~j!or tionai rewulipj dhiii L+C budgc: ha?e hes~!pmvided rhis year in the activities planned for fiscal year 1986 include: continued improvement spares program the Committee has not changed conviction of the re- and testing of the space shuttle's main engines to increase their dura- quirement for a fifth orbiter. me reduction of $97.OOO.000 from the bility and reliability at full power levei. fabrication of eiigiiiej aiid spare budget request is composed of d ieduiticjin G:* $lg?.%.%gM hr a Khed- components to support the planning flight rate buildup to 24 per year. uled repayment to the Federal Financing Bank of principal owed for &e ongoing fabrication of the various major structural spares (such as development of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRSS) offset the wingsj. ana he initial ldiiiich c;f &e f;.!ment wound composite by a %1O.ooO.OOO increise fcr ground srarion support required by deiaqs mo!~case for the solid rocket booster. Launch and mission support in establishing the TDKSS network. activities at the Kennedy Space Center will be enhanced to meet the 74 RESEARCH AND PROGRAh4 MAXAGEMEhT alNSTRUCUON OF FACILITES appropriation ...... S1.317.000.000 1985 rppmpMtion ...... 1985 1% budget estimate ...... 1.367.000.0oo House allowance ...... 139,300.000 ...... 1.370.000.Ooo Caminee mmunendaaon...... 141.300.000 The research and .program management appropriation supports the The Committee recommends an appropriation of S141,Mo.oOO for performance and management of research, technology, and test activi- facilities activities. This amount is $8.000.000 less than the budget ties at NASA installations, and the planning, management and support estimate and $2,000.000 more than the House allowance. of contractor research and development tasks necessary to meet' the Na- PROGRAM DESCRIPIlON tion's objectives in aeronautical and space research. Specifically, this appropriation provides the technical and management capability of the This appropriation provides for the contractual services for the de- civil service staff needed to conduct the full range of programs for sign, repair, major rehabilitation, and modification of facilities: the con- which NASA is responsible; maintains facilities and laboratories in a struction of new facilities; minor construction; the purchase of land and state of operational capability and manages their use in support of re- ' equipment related to construction and modification; and advanced de- search and development programs; and provides technical and admin- sign related to facilities planned for future authorization. istrative support for the research and development programs at NASA.

COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION COMb4IlTEE RECOMMESDATION The Committee recommends $141.300.000 for the construction of The Committee recommends 61.370.000.000 for research and program facilities. This is $8,OOO,000 less than the budget request and 62,000.000 management. This is $17,000.000 less than the budget request and more than the House allowance. The Committee expects the agency to $3,000.000 more than the House allowance. The Committee directs the reprioritize all projects and activities within the account and make the Agency to take the reduction in nonpersonnel compensation and bene- proposed reduction from those activities that the agency deems of a fits object classes. The Committee requests a report from the Agency by lower priority. The Committee does not concur with the House direc- October 1, 1985, indicating how the reduction would be arrived at tive that only space science facilities. should be considered for The Committee last year added bill language establishing the NASA redwtions. Advanced Technology Advisory Committee [ATAC] who were to report NASA has submitted a budget request for a project to modify pro- back to the Committees on Appropriations by April 1. 1985. The pulsion test systems that are essential in meeting the cost effectiveness ATAC report was to identify promising advanced robotics or automa- and extended life goals of the space shuttle main engine [SSME]. This tion technologies, not in use in prior or existing spacecraft. totaling no project, the fundamental thrust of which the Committee supports, will less than 10 percent of the total development costs of the space station. provide an integrated subsystem test bed for hot firing of the SSME. The ATAC Committee is required to provide the Committees on Ap- The Committee is concerned, however, about the decision to modify a propriations a semiannual report on the status and progress of automa- test stand for this purpose at the Marshall Space Right Center rather tion and robotics activities in conjunction with the space station. than at the National Space Technology Laboratories, which was estab- The Committee expects the ATAC group to provide a guide on how lished for large engine testing at a Federal cost of over 630,000, NASA is following the ATAC report as far as the expenditures made and where an empty stand is available for modification. The Committee semiannually in the previously identified new and promising advanced is further concerned about reports of expenditures from research and robotics or automation technologies. Specifically, the Committee directs development funds to modify this stand. that obligations and outlays for automation and robotics in terms of dol- The Committee has reduced the amount for this account by lars and percent of appropriated funds for the space station shall be 68.000,OOO from the budget request and directs that $6.500,ooO of this contained in the reports delivered on April 1 and September 1 of each reduction be taken from the test stand modification until the Commit- year to the Committees on Appropriations. The Committee funher di- tee has had a chance to review.the proposal further. rects that the report shall be annotated to refer back to specific pages in , The Committee recommends bill language which will continue the the April 1. 1985, ATAC report and indicate which recommendation Agency's ability. in absence of specific advance statutory authorization. the obligation or outlay is hlfilling. to enter into certain multiyear obligations for facilities if such arrange- The Committee also recommends additional bill language which con- ments must be executed before such statutory authorization can be pro- tinues the flat per diem program of the Agency. A report on this exper- vided. The Committee expects, however. that the Agency will seek iment is expected before the end of fiscal year 1985, and the Committee 1 '8 pommittee concurrence, as is current practice. prior to the use,of this believes it prudent to continue this test effort pending its full analysis authority. and evaluation. 75

TITLE IV-GENERAL PROVISIONS The Committee conwrs with a!! of the general provisions that were included in the fiscal year 1985 HUD-Independent Agencies Appropri- ations Act (Public Law 98-371) and were included by the House in this wit\ tk excqdon of :w:: miser c!ari.fca~ir\ns!I! cprkn 401. These changes would exempt travel related to RCRA by EPA from the limitation and make clear that where increases over the budget estimates in individual accounts have been made, expenditures for travei may exceed amounts shown in the budget estimate by a proportionate amount. The Committee also recommends a new general provision (section 416) which permits a transfer between appropriated accounts for the Environmental Protection Agency of up KO 2 percent. The Cornmiace expects the agency to continue its practice of obtaining prior Committee approval for such resource shifts. COMPLIAXCEWITH RUE XVI. PARAGRAPH7 Rule XVI. paragraph 7 states: "Every report on general appropriation bills filed by the Committee on Appropriations shall identify with particularity each recommended amendment which proposes an item of appropriation which is not made to carry out the provisions of an existing law, a treaty stipulation, or an ' act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during that session." Until authorizations are enacted for the Deparunent of Housing and Urban Development. the Environmental Protection Agency, the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Science Foundation. each of the accounts for these activities are potentially within .the ambit of this provision.

COMPLIANCEWITH PARAGRAPH 12. RULE XXVI OF THE STANDING RULFS OF THE SENATE Paragraph 12 of Rule XXVI requires that Committee reports on a bill or joint resolution repealing or amending any statute or part of any statute, include "(a) the text of the statute or part thereof which is proposed m be repealed: and (b) a comparative print of that part of che L:ll UIII ei joiiii icdii~Gfimaking th.e \mendm~nt 2nd of the statute or part thereof proposed to be amended, showing by stricken-through type and italics, parallel columns, or other appropriate typographical devices the omissions and insenioris which woiild be xade by &e bi!! er joint ' resolution if enacted in the form recommended by the committee." 76

PUBLIC LAW 99-160-NOV. 25, 1985 99 STAT. 909 Public Law 99-160 99th Congress An Act

Making eppmpriatiom for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and Nov. 25, 1985 for wndry independent agtmies. boards, cammimiom, corporations, and ofiices for the fwd year ending September 30,1986, and for other purpmen. [H.R. 30381 Be it enacted ty the Senate and Horn of Repmntatiues of the United States of America in Congress crssernbw That the following Department of sums appropriated, out of any money in the Treaeury not Housing and are Urban otherwise appropriated, for the Department of Housing and Urban Development- Development, and for sundry independent agenciea, boards, wmmis- Independent sions, corporations, and offices for the fiscal year ending September Agencies 30,1986. and for other purpoees, namely: ApproAct. Ih6. riations mn INDEPENDENT AGENCIES

NATIONALAEBONAUTICS AND SPAUADWNUTUTION

-Azlli)DEVEUJPMENT For neceeeary expenaee, not otherwise provided for, including development, operatiom, services, minor wnstruction, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and modification of real and peraonal propem pwchaee, hire, maintenance, and operation of other than edministrati- aircdt, neQaeary for the conduct and support of aeronautical and apace and development activities of the National Aeronautics and Spnce Adrmrustration; $2,756,800,000, to remain available until September 30,1987.

SPACE NGH'C, CONTEOL AND DATA COMMUNICATION8 For necemary expeme~,not otherwiee provided for. in support of t, spacem$ control and communications activities of the =I!Y Aeronautla and space Admini&ration, including operations, pduction, services, pinor aumtru& 'on, maintenance, repair, rehabilibt~on,and muhficahon of real and peraod prop erty; tracLiqe and eta relay satellite services as authorized by law; purchaee, hwe, auuntenance and operation of other than admini trative aircraft; $3,39?,900,OOO, to available until Septem- be4r 30.1987. 77

CO"EUCI'I0N OF

For axwbucb* XI, repair, rehabilitation and modification of facilities. minor conetruction of new facilities and additions to eristing f&diLtks,4 fer fsci!ie phnbg and deaign not-o+erybe pm vided. for e National Aeronautice and Space Admroletrauon, aid !e! C!!n_nress finds that- uunbon or condemnation of real pro rty, as authorized (1) section 9 of Miissippi Senate Biii No. 2984,1985 Pedt~ ES.~~,~,re- available until !ZptembeT 30, !9~ hion, which became efftktive on July 1,1985, provides ap &- wt,,no&qm&g &e ~kz~z%e =vdnhllitv of priations for constructing, furnishing and equipping a buil& funds approp.+td under w.beading by. this appropriation Act, and related faciiit.ki, ii, he 'G~AZ cs the Mimanippi Technology when any achvrty habees ii~tiatedby the mcumence of obligations Transfer Center, at the National Space Technologies Labora- therefor, the amount avaiiabie for such activity &A resbavail- tories in Hmcack Chmty, Miesiippi: and able until expended, except that thie provision ahall not a ply to the (2) operation ana mainbnmce of &e Mikeisippi TechnologY amounts appropriated pursuant to authorization For repair, Transfer Center by the Federal Government h in the national rehabilitation and mwcation of facihth..minor construction of interest. ~ev€sCilitiea and addihons to facihtiea, and facility plan- (b) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Spa= ning and . ~tmrno amount r;-pr=p~&d ___Adminktration may- purwrant to% ovoer Act may for tKe lease or (1) enter into an agreement wcn cne Giair: iS ?,Essiiippi by ambuction of a new contractor-funded fadty for exclusive use in which title to the Muxiissippi T~~hcilogq.Transfer Center shall support of a ant+ or contracts with the National Aeronautics be transferred to the Government of the United States and by and Space Admmdration -under which the Adminiatmuon would which such Center shall be owrated by the Government of the required to subetantially amortize through payment or .re United States; t such contractor investment, unlees an appro nation 12) acceDt title to such Center on behalf of the Government of the leam or contract pursuant to which such facilities the Uni& States; and am to be constructed or leased or such facilit is otherwise identified (3) after title has been transferred under paragraph (2) of this in wr~h~d: ptovidcd wh~.That the idministrator may au- subsection, operate and maintain such Center, subject to the thorize such facility lease or construction, if he determines, in availability of appropriations for such purposes. consultation with the Committees on Appropriations, that deferral of such action until the enactment of the next appropriation Act would be inconsistent with the interest of the Nation in aeronautical and space activities.

BEBEABCH AND PYaWMANAGKMENT For neceeeary expenses of research in Government laborat~riea, management of prognuns and other activities of the National Aem nautica and Space Administration, not otherwise provided for, including uniforms or allowancea therefor, as authorized by law (5 U.S.C.5901-5902); awards, lease, hire, maintenance and operation of administrative aircra, purchase (not to exceed thirty for replace ment only) and hire of passenger motor vehicles; and maintenance and repair of real and personal property, and not in ex- of $lOO,O00 per project for construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities, repairs, and rehabilitation and modification of faahties; $i,36i,iiijij,W: PNU- "hit CGE~F-C~ myk enbred into under this appropriation for maintenance and operation of facilities, and for other eeMcea, to be provided during the next fiscal year: Pmuidd fiithi, 'Eat net k PZC~$35:OOO of the foregoing amount shall be available for scientific consultations or extraor- dinary expense, to be expended upon the approval or authority of the Administrator aad hie determination shall be final and conclusive: Bvuided further, Tit of f~i&prwidd fer t!!e Natiod Aeronautics and Space Administration under this or any other account. $4OO.O00 shall be available for the activities of the Sati~d Commission on Space, eetablished by the National Aeronautice and Space Administration Authorization Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-361; 98 stat. 422). Page 78

PUBLIC LAW 99-177-DEC. 12,1985 99 STAT. 1037 (2) RmRT.-The firectors jointly shall report t0 the Com troller General on August 20 of the calendar year in ‘Public Law 99-177 whict such fiscal year begins (or on January 15, 1986, in the 99th Congress case of the fdyear 1986),eatimati the budget base levels of Joint Resolution total revenues and total budget ouyays for such f& year, identifyin the amount of any deficit excess for such fiscal year, Dec. 12, 1985 stating wfether such excess is ater than $lO,OOO,OOO,OOO bmasing the statutory Limit on the public debt [H.J. Res 3721 (zero in the case of fiscal years lE and 1991), specifying the Resold by the Senate and House of RepmentQtives of the United estimated rate of real economic growth for such fiscal year, for States o America in Cbnpss assembled, That subsection (b) of each quarter of such fiscal ear, and for each of the last two aection I101 of title 31, umted states Code, is amended by striking Ante, p. 814. quarters of the preceding &ai year, indicating whether the out the dollar limitation contained in such subsection and inserting estimate includes two or more consecutive quarters of negative in lieu thereof “$1,847,800,000,000, or $2,078,700,000,000 on and after real economic growth, and specifying (if the excess is greater October 1.1985.”. than $lO,OOO,OOO,OOO, or zero in the case of fiscal ears 1986 and 19911, by account, for nondefense programs, and ty account and programs, projects, and activities within each account, for de feme programs, the base from which reductions are taken and PART C-EMERGENCY POWERS TO ELIMINATE the amounta and percentages by which such accounts must be DEFICITS IN EXCESS .OF MAXIMUM DEFICIT reduced during such fiscal year, in accordaxe with the succeed- AMOUNT ing provisions of this part, in order to elminate such ex-. (3) D~INATIONOF ~ucnoNs.--”he amounts and SEC. 251. REPORTING OF EXCESS DEFICITS. 2 usc 901. rrcentages by which such accounts must be reduced during a lscal year shall be determined as follows: (a) INmL ESTIMATES,DETERMINATIONS, AND REPORTBY OMB AND (Axil If the deficit excess for the fiscal year is greater 0.- than $lO,000,OOO,000 in the case of fiscal yeam 1986 (1) &TIMATES AND DETERMlNATIONS.-The Mrector Of the (zero and 1991). such deficit excess shall be divided into halves. office of. Management and Budget and the Director of the In the case of year 1986, the amount such Congressional Budget office (in this referred to an the (ii) fiscal of “Directors’O shall mth exmas- rea &% year- (I) sha!l be multiplied by seven twelfths before be’ (A) estimate the bugc$vels of total revenuw and divlded mto halves in accordance with clause (i), an7 budget outlays that may be anticipated for such fml ear (II) shall not exceed $11,700,000,000. as of August 15 of the calendar year in which such ?d (B) Subect to the exemptions, exceptions, limitations, year begins (or aa of January 10, 1986, in the case of the special rides, and definitions set forth in this section and in fiscal earl986), sections 255, 256, and 257, the reductione neceatwy to (B)ietermme whether the projected deficit for such fiscal eliminate onehalf of the deficit ex- for the fiscal year (aa year will exceed the maximum deficit amount for such adjusted under subparagraph (AX3 in the case of fiscal fiscal ar and whether such deficit excess will be greater year 1986) shall be made in outlays under 8ccoulltB within than ~O,O00,O00,OOO(zero in the case of fiscal years 1986 m ‘or functional category 050 (in this part referred to as and 1991). and oulays under “defense programs”), and the reductiona ne0 (C)estimate the rate of real economic growth that will essary to eliminate the other half of the deficit ex- (or occur during such fiscal year, the rate of real economic the adjusted deficit ex- in the case of fiscal year 1986) pwth that will occur during each quarter of such fiscal shall be made in outlays under other accounta of the Fed- year, and the rate of real economic growth that will have eral Government (in this part referred to ae outlays under occurred during each of the last two quarters of the preced- “nondefense programs’’). ing fiscal ye. Page 79

(CXi) The total amount by which outlays for automatic shall be reduced by the amount of the maximum reductiona , 4 * spending increases scheduled to take ef?ect during the fiscal 80 determined. year are to be reduced shall be determined in accordance (II) If the maximum reduction determined in accordance with clause (ii) of this subparagraph with subclause (I) with respect to the programs to which (iii Each such automatic spending increase shaii be re- that subciause reiatea would reduce outlays for such prc- duced- grams by an amount in excess of the remaining amount of (X) to zero (a uniform perceniage reduction of IOC the reduction in outla in nondefense programs required percent), Gi under subparagraph (G, ,, outlays-fqr such programs shz!! (11) by a uniform percentage reduction ot iess thart instead be reduced proportionately ~y such lesser percenc- ?X percent calciila'd in a manner to dace hta! age as vnli achieve such remaining - uired reductions nutlays for the fwal yefir by one-half of the deficit (ivXI) Sequestrations and reductions aerthe remaining -n- rlnferon r.qn--e ehnli !x =;';!id 0 -zZzifcrz ei~eas(or Lire a4ju~*b&:afii;t =E-, ka the - ~f .."..--.-.- .-.- ".._* 32 fiscal year 19861, if the elimination of all such increases percentage basls 80 as-to reduce new budget authority, new .&.=u!& &Ace t&t&i cat!ay-, fer the !-&& h" rn,.rr oan guarantee commitments, new direct loan oblircatiord. "5 -:-: nhl:wnt:-l l:-:&nt:n-- "-2 ---Aim- n~m+h,-4twoe ,LE-& ;n than one-hair" or' the deficit excess (or the aajusm ""~*C."U" u-I~c*u*ID, .ap..-.* k=U".*W..U, - UC.U.*U Yl deficit excess, in the case of fdyear 1986) for the Ant€. p. 10% section 401(cX2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 to fiscal year. the extent neceBsary to achieve any remaining required (D) The total amount of the outlay reductions determined outlay reductions. under subparagraph (C)shall be divided into two amounts (II) For puqxxes of determining reductions under (i) an amount equal to the outlay reductions attnb au'ui:a* (I;, &uy r~uci;ur,iil 0uAGiy-a 0: ihu cmiaidity utabie to programs specified in subparagraph (Ai of Credit Corporation under an order hued by the President section 257(1); and Post p 1092 ht,p. 1072. under section 252 for a fiscal year, with respect to contracts (ii) an amount equal to the outlay reductions attrib- entered into during that fM year, that wiU occur during utable to programs specified in eubparagraph (Si of the succeed' fml ear, shall be credited aa reductions m section 257(1). outlays for%e fdear in which the order IS ISSU~~. (EXi) For purposes of subparagraph (B), onehalf of the Defenseand The determination of whici accounta are within major func- amount of the reductions determined under clause (i) of natlond tional category 050 and which are not, for purpoeea of subpara- security graph (B), shall be made by the Directors rn a manner consist- subparagraph (D) shall be credited as reductions in outlays the -dent under defense programs, and the total amount of reductions ent with the budget submtted by fur the fiscal in outlays under defense programs required under subpara- year 1986; except that for such purpoeea no part of the accounts entitled "Federal Emergency Management Agen Salaries graph (B) shall be reduced accordingly. and expensea (584lOO-O-1-999)" and "Federal kergency (ii) Sequestration of new budget authority and unobli- Management Ayn3 Emevency management plapning. vd gated balances to achieve the remaining reductions in out- as~istance(58-0 01 1-999) shall be treated be- Wthm lays under defense programs required under subparagraph functional category 050. (B) shall be determined as provided in subsection (d). Report. (4) ~DITIONALspEcIPrcAmoNs.-The report submitted under (FXi) For purposes of subparagraph (Bb h (2) must specify (with reapect to the year (I) onehalf of the amount of the reductions deter- !-zx3L- also fiscal mined under clause (i) of sub ph (D).and (A)the amount of the automatic spending increase (if (11) the amount of the uctions determined under any) which is scheduled to take effect in the case of each clause (ii) of subparagpph .!.), prog~amprovidq for such in- the amount and shall be credited aa redu&ons in outlays under nondefense perceny by whch such increase is to be reduced. the programs, and the total amount of reductions in outlays amount y which the defkit excess (aa aGueted under under nondefense programs required under subparagraph paragraph (SXAXii), in the case of fiscal year 1986) will be (B)shall be reduced accordingly. reduced as a result of the elimination or reduction of (ii) The maximum reduction permissible for each pre automatic spending increases (stated separately for in- gram to whch an exception, limitation, or special rule set creases under programs listed in subparagraph (A) of sec- forth in subsection (ci or (0of section 256 applies shall be Pmi. p io86 Part, p. 1092. .4.4..-:-4 --A thn tn4-l n.nn..-t nC -rul..A;nna ;n nmnt1o.r. tion ?57(1) and increaps unde? programs in sukv U.?~..uu.-, 01.11 ".C UI- OI.."YLI. w. .IUY~II".W I.. Y"...," gra n iEi of chic senionj, ana me amouni (II any^ OI eacn under nendefense mgramy. .-uid under subparagraph sucR increase, stated in terms Qfrrceptwpoints, which (B) shall be reduAby the amount of the reduction deter- will take effect affer reduction un er thu part; mined with respect to each such program. (B)the 'rng9-t Qf the !?=p:p** (3=cv) tQ h. g&ipvd- Lq (iiiXI) Except as provided in subclause (II), the maximum the application of each of the sped rules set forth in reduction rmissible for each of the programs to which the Part, p. 1086. subsections (c) through (1) of section 256, along with a special ru p"ea se! forth in sections 256(d) and 256(k) apply statement of (i) the new Federal matching rate reeulhng shall he determined, and the total amount of outla-vs under frQm the app!iC&on of suk+*icn (e! cf thAt &"ion* md!ii! nondefense programs required under subparagraph (B) the amount of the percentage reduction in payments to the Page 80

States under section 204 of the FederalState Extended such fmal year (or the date of the enactment of this joint Unemployment Compensation Act of 1970; and 26 USC 3304 resolution in the case of fiscal year 1986) and ending with the note (CXi) for defense prcgrams, by account and by program, Post. p. 1072. date on which the final order is issued under section 252(b) for project, and activity within each account, the reduction such fiscal year (or February 1, 1986, in the case of fmal year (stated in terms of both percentage and amount) in new 1986) shall not be taken into account in determining such budget authority and unobligated balances, together with budget base. the estimated outlay reductions resulting therefrom; and (b) REPORTTO PRESIDENT AND bNCREss BY bMF'TROLLER GEN- (ii) for nondefense programs, by account, the reduction, stated in terms of both percentage and amount, in new ERAL.- budget authority, new loan guarantee commitments, new (1) REFQRTTO BE BASED ON OMBCBO izmRT.-The Comptroller direct loan obligations, obligation limitations, and spending General shall review and consider the report issued by the authority as defined in section 4O!(cM2) of the Congressional Directors for the fwal year and, with due regard for the data, Budget Act of 1974, together mth the estimated outlay Ante, p 1056 assumptions, and methodologies used in reaching the conclu- reductions resulting therefrom. sions set forth therein, shall issue a report to the President and (5) BASIS FOR DIRECTORS' EBIIMATFS, DETXRMINATIONS, AND the Congress on August 25 of the calendar year in which such sPEcImc,moNs.--The estimates, determinations, and specifica- fiscal year begins (or on January 20. 1986, in the case of the tions of the Directors under the preceding provisions of this fiscal year 1986). estimating the budget base levels of total subsection and under subsection (cX1) shall utilize the budget revenues and total budget outlays for such fiscal year, identify- base, criteria, and guidelines set forth in paragra h (6) and in ing the amount of any deficit excess for such fiscal year (ad- sections 255, 256, and 257. In the event that the 6mctms are P0s.r. pp 1082, justed in accordance with subsection (aY3XAXii). in the case of unable to agree on any items required to be set forth in the 1086.1092 fiscal year 1986). stating whether such deficit excess (or adjusted report, they shall aver e their differences to the extent nec- deficit excess, in the case of fiscal year 1986) will be greater essary to produce a sin3e. consistent set of data that achieves than $10,000,000,000 (zero in the case of fiscal years 1986 and the required deficit reduction. The report of the Directors shall 1991). specifying the estimated rate of real economic growth for also indicate the amount initially proposed for each averaged such fiscal year, for each quarter of such fiscal year, and for item by each Director. each of the last two quarters of the preceding fiscal year, (6) Bumm eAsE.-In computing the amounts and percentages indicating whether the estimate includes two or more consecu- by which accounts must be reduced during a fiscal year as set tive quarters of negative economic growth, and specifying (if the forth in any report required under this subsection for such fd excess is greater than $10,OOO.000,000, or zero in the case of year, the budget base shall be determined by- fiscal years 1986 and 19911, by account, for nondefense pro- (A) assuming (subject to subparagraph (C)) the continu- grams, and by account and programs, projects, and activities ation of current law in the case of revenues and spending within each account, for defense programs, the base from which authorit as defined in section 401(cX2) of the Congressional reductions are taken and the amounts and percentages by Budget ict of 1974; Ante. p 1056 which such accounts must be reduced durlng such fdyear in (B) assuming, in the case of all accounts to which order to eliminate such deficit ex- (or adjusted deficit excess, subparagraph (A) does not apply, appropriations equal to in the caae of fmal year 1986). Such report shall be based on the the prior year's appropriations except to the extent that estimates, determinations, and specifications of the Directors annual appropriations or continuing appropriations for the and shall utilize the budget base, criteria, and guidelines set entire fiscal year have been enacted; Post. pp. 1082. forth in subsection (aX6) and in sections 255, 256, and 257. (Q assuming that expirin provisions of law providing 1086. 1092. (2) C~NTENT~OF REPORT.-The report of the Comptroller Gen- revenues and spending autghority as defined in section eral under this subsection shall- 4OUcX2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 do expire, (A) .provide for the determination of reductions in the except that excise taxes dedicated to a trust fund and manner specified in subeection (aX3); and agricultural price support programs administered through (B) contain estimates, determinations, and specifications the Commodity Credit Corporation are extended at current for all of the items contained in the report submitted by the rates; and Directors under subsection (a). (D1 assuming (i) that Federal pay adjustments for statu- Such report shall explain fully any differences between the tory pay systems (I) will be as recommended by the Presi- contents of such report and the report of the Directors. dent, but (11) will in no case result in a reduction in the (c) REVISEDESTIMATFS, DETERMINATIONS, AND REP OR^.- levels of pay in effect immediately before such adjustments; (1) REPORTBY OMB AND cBo.-On October 5 of the fiscal year and (ii) that medicare spending levels for inpatient hospital (except in the case of the fiscal year 19861, the Directors shall services will be based upon the regulations most recently submit to the Comptroller General a revised report- issued in final form or proposed by the Health Care Financ- (A) indicating whether and to what extent., as a result of ing Administration pursuant to sections 1886(bX3XB), laws enacted and regulations promulgated after the submis- 1886(dX3XA),and 188aeX4)of the Social Security Act. 98Stat 1075 sion of their initial report under subsection (a), the excess Deferrals proposed under section 1013 of the Impoundment 42UZ deficit (adjusted in accordance with subsection (aX3XAMii), a control Act of 1974 during the period beginning October 1 of k3EkWw, in the case of fmal year 1986) identified in the report Page 81 subiiiitk! under agch sdeection has been eliminated, re the outlay rate used shall be the outlay rate for new budget -..*I- -A*-- dud,or increased, and PULIlWl1L.J. (B) adjusting thedeterminationa made under subsection (ii) The weighted average (by budget authority) for the (a) to the extent necessary. combined outlay rates 80 determined for all the programs, The revised report submitted under this paragraph shaii con- projects, and activities within an account shall be compared tain estimates, determinations, and specifications for all of the to the historical outlay rates for that account previously itern “nt?%&$, fhf> $dtt$zp;;E:;: estimated by the Directors. If the Directors determine that su-1On (PAJAYAl) pl~uDI- - I--.- it is neceasaq to make the combined outlay rate for a and technical assumptions,em loy the same methodol program, projwi, or &?.<*&kma IAQ~PY the fist utilize the same definition Jthe budget base and xFgt sentence of this subparagraph consistent with the historical critede ax! guidelines as thoee used in the report submitted I?; raterr for such account, they may adjust the outiay rate €or the Directors under subsection (a) (except that summon iiii UI 9rcgra-m. pmpt or activity. paragraph (6XDXi) of such subsection shall not apply). and shall (C)For purposes of this paragraph. prcvide fer the determination of reductions in the mmner (i) The term “outlay rate”, with reaped to any pro- specified in subsection (aM3). w=,prnjsct., nr activity; meam- (2) mltTBY COlldpFBOLLIo Gm- (I) the ratio of outlays resulting in the fdyear (A) On October 10 of the fiscal year (except in the case of involved from new budget authority for such pro- the fdyear 1986), the Comptroller General shall submit gram, project, or activity to such new budget to the President art3 the Congrees a report revising the authority; or report submitted by the Comptroller General under subsec- (m the r6tiG d =.&&yS re.sd*ing in the fiscal tion (b), adjusting the estimates, determinations, and speci- year involved from unobligated balances for such fication~contained in that report to the extent nvin progmn. project, or activity to such unobligated the light of the revised report subrmtted to him by the balances. Directors uqder paragraph (1)of this surub. (ii) The term “combined outlay rate”, with respect to (B) The revieed report of the Corn troller General under any program, project, or activit , means the weighted this paragraph ehall provide for the fetermination of reduc- average (by budget authority) orthe ratioe determined tions as specified in subsection (ax9 and ehall contain all of under eubclausea 0 and 0 of claw (i) for such pm the estimates, determinations, and ~pdfiwtionarequired gram, project, or activity. (in the case of the report submitted under subeection (b)) (3) SEQW-TION FROM NATIONAL DKP’ENSB ACXOUNl3 pursuant to subsection (bK2KB). TWROWGH l”ATI0N OR MODIFICATION OF mGCON- (d) SEQU~TIONOF Jhmutm -w,- ma- (1) DElXRMINATION O? U“OB1y PEECENTAGZ.--The t0t.d (Axil Subject to the proviaions of this paragraph, the amount of reductions in outlays under .defense programs re- Reaident, with respect to any fiacal ear,may provide for- quired for a fiscal year under sueon (aXSXB) aRer the (I) the termination or modcation of an existing reduction under subsection (aXSXEXi) shall be calculated as a contract within any program, prow or activity within percen3 of the total amount of outlays for the fiscal year a accoullt within major functional CB ory 050; and estima to result from new budget authority and unobligated cn> the credi to the amount 7o new budget balances for defense pmgnuns. authorit and un%%gated balances otherwise required (2) SBQvglTBAnON OF NEW BUDOXT AUTHORITY AND UNOBLI- to be Judtiom such pmgram, project, or Fmty. of GATED BALAN=.- the net reduction achieved for the appmpnafe fd (A) Sequestration to achieve the rem& reduction in year by such termination or modification, based upon outlays under defense p ame shall be mze by reducing the combined outlay rate for such p ,project, or new budget authority an’$ unobligated balances (if any) in activity determined under pamgaphw each program, project, or activity under accounta mthin (ii) The remainii required ou y reductions in such defenee rograme by the percentage determined under program, project, or activity shall be achieved by sequester- paragrap! (1). com uted on the bash of the combined ing new budget authority and unobligated balancea baaed outlay rate for new%udget authority and unobligated bal- upon the combined outlay rate for such program, project, or ances for such program, project, or activity debrmiiid &ivity determind under paragraph (2MB). under subparagraph (B). President of US. (B)Not later than September 5 of the calendar year in @Mi) The combined outlay rate for new budget authority Report. which the fiecal ear begina (January 15 in the cam of fd and unobhgad baiances fur B piwa,pr&&, er &t~tv year 1986). the kident shall transmit to the Comptroller shall be determined by the Directore from data then avd- General and the Commttees on Armed &mica OT. able to them ae eupplemented by additional data from the Ap ropriationa of the Senate and House of Repreeen.tativea heads of the appropriate de menta or agenciea of the anlmatce available to the ~irectorea report.concermng +e executive branch. if the outY ay ra‘ca €~riinotiligatsc! !d- contraa propceed to be terminated or mmied under thm ’ 9ncm is not available for any pmgram, project, or activity, paragraph for such fdyear. The report Page 82

(i)identify the contracts proposed to + terminated or Contracts (e) DATESFOR SUBMISSIONOF REPOUTS AND ISSUANCEOF ORDERS.- modified and the proposed date of ternmation or modi- If the date specified for the submission of a report by the Directors fication of each such contract; or the Comptroller General under this &ion or for the issuance of (ii) identify the anticipated outlay savin for the Infm an order by the President under section 252 falls on a Sunday or fiscal year involved and the anticipated Juction in legal holiday, such report shall be submitted or such order issued on obligated balancea with respect to each such proposed the following day. termination or modification, together with an ex la- (0 PRINTINGOF RmRm-Each report submitted under this sec- nation of the relationshi between the obligated 8,l- Federal tion shall be printed in the Federal Register on the date it is hued; an- that could be canceied and the estimated outlay Regiflter: and the reports of the Comptroller General submitted to the Con- savings reaulting therefrom; publication. gress under subsections (b) and (cX2) shall be printed as documents (iii) rovide documentation of the anticipated savings of the House of Representatives and the Senate. in outLys and obligated balances; and (g) ExcEpnoN.-"he receding provisions of this section shall not (iv) provide a complete rationale for the effect of each apply if a declaration ofwar by the Congress is in effect. proposed termination or modification on the contract concerned and on the program, project, or activity 2 usc 902. SEC. 252. PRESIDENTIAL ORDER involved. Report. (a) ISSUANCEOF INITIAL ORDER.- (C)Not later than September 30 of the calendar year in (1) IN GENERAL^ September 1 following the submission of which the fdyear begma (February 15 in the case of Ante, p. 1063. a report by the Comptroller General under section 251(b) whch fiscal year 1986), the Comptroller General shall certify to identifies an amount greater than $lO,OOO,OOO,OOO (zero in the the Mdent and the Congrea~,with respect to each con- case of fiscal e818 1986 and 1991) by which the deficit for a tract which is proposed to be terminated. or modified.! fiscal year A exceed the maximum deficit amount for such (i) whethe! the Comptroller eneral IS able to venfy fiscal year (or on February 1,1986, in the case of the fiscal year that the estunated outlay sa for the fiscal year 19861, the President, in strict accordance with the requirements involved are achievable and mxbe achieved in that of paragraph (3) and section 251(aM3) and (4) and subject to the year, and exemptions, exceptions, limitations, s (ii) whether the ratio between the projecfsd outla Post, pp. 1082, hons set forth in sections 255,256. an$"' 257, shall*- eliminate and defmi- the savings and the anticlpated reduction m obhgated d 1086, 1092. Nl amount of the deficit ex- (as adjusted by the Comptroller ances is reasonable. General in such report in accordance with section (DXi) In the case of a fiscal year. other than f+ yw Report. 25UaX3XAXii). in the case of fiscal year 1986) by issuing an order 1986, each proposed contract termination or mqication 2 USC 621 note. that (notwithstanding the Im undment Control Act of 19'74h deacribed in subpamgaph (A) with respect to whch the (A) modifies or suspengthe o ration of each provision certification b the mptroller General under subpara- of Federal law that would (but such order) require an graph (0is dinnative (with respect to both clause (i) and automatic spending increase take effect during such clause of such subpayraph) shall be included in the to (ii) fdyear, III such a manner as to prevent such increase report of the Dire+ors un er subeection (cX1). The report from taking effect, or reduce such increaae, in accordance shall include the mformahon about each such contract with such report; and deacribed in sub (B) eliminae the remainder of such deficit exceas (or (ii) In the casem\g%86, each proposed contract adjusted defiat excess, in the case of fiscal year 1986) by termination or modification described in subparagraph (A) sequestering new budget authority, unobligated balancea, with respect to which the certification by the Comptroller new loan guarantee commitments, new direct laan obliga- General under subparagraph (C)ie afilrmative (with IW tions, and apending authority as dehed in section 401(cX2) to both clause (i) and of such subpafagraph) shalp"t .be An&, p. 1056. of the Congreaeional Budget Act of 1974, and reducing included in the modlficahon authod b don obligation Imitations, in accordance with such report- 252(aX6MDXiii) in the order issued by the Presidnt under past. p. 1072 (i) for funds provided in annual appropriation Acta, section 253aX1) with res from each affected program, project, and activity (as set (iii) The authonty of tf$&fe?z?sin subpara- forth in the most recently enacted applicable appro- graph (A) is .not. effective in the case of any pro@ priation Acta and accompanyiq committee reports for contract termmahon or modification with respect to which the program, project, or actinty involved, including the certification by the Comptroller General under subpa? joint resolutions providing continuing appro riations gra h (C)is not affirmative (with respect to both clause (1) and committee reports accompanying Acta referred to antclause (ii) of such subparapph). in such resolutions), applying the same reduction (E)For any contract termmation or modification pm percentage as the percentage by which the account pedpursuant to .this mah, the President slydl cer- mvolved is reduced in the report submitted under see tlry to Congress, mthin thlrty &YE aft#? the. effective date Ante. p. 1063. affected of the contract termination or modification, that the tion 251(b), or from each budget account if the amounts proposed for deobligation under such contract propun. ro'ect, or acti-vit .in not so set forth, and (11) for &nL not prondd m annual ap ropnation have in fact been deobligated and cancelled. Acta, from each budget account activity as ilentified in Page 83

1L. the program and financing schedules contained in the percentage otherwise applicable to the program, appendix to the Budget of the United States Govern- proect, or activity (determined after any reduction ment for that fiscal year, applying the same reduction under subparagraph (B)). To the extent such reductions percentage as the percentage by which the account is are made under such an order, the President may reduced in such report. provide in the order for an increase in new budget (2) SPECIALSEQUESTRATION PROCEDURES FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE authority and unobligated balances for another prc- -"I.. "D. 'D ooc - ---run r1-Z.r , gram. project. or activity within the same account (A) IN GENERAL.-Notwithstanding subparagraph (BXi) of within major functional category 050 for rial year paragraph (11, the order issued by the President under 1986, but such program, roject, or activity may not be paragraph (1) with respect to fiscal year 1986 shall seques- increased above the leverin the base set forth in such ter, from each program, project, or activity within an ac- order. count within major functional category 050, such amounts (ii) No order issued by the President under paragraph of new budget authority and unobligated balances as are (1) for fxa! year 1986 may result in 2 base c!osure or specified (in accordance with section 25l(aX3XEXiiJiin the Anfe. p 1063 reaiignmenc that wouid otherwise be subject to --tion report submitted by the Comptroller General under section Ante. p 716 2687 of title 10, United States Code. 2516). (iii) New budget authority and unobligated balances (B) FLEXIBILITYWITH RESPECT TO MILITARY PERSONNEL for any program, project, or activity within major func- ACCOUNTS- tional category 050 for fiscal ear 1986 which is 10 (i) Notwithstandin subparagraph (BXi) of paragraph percent (or more) greater than ti e amount requested in (l),the order issued %y the President under paragraph the budget submitted by the President under section (1) with respect to fiscal year 1986 may, with respect to Ante. p 1063. 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for fwal year 1986 any military personnel account- may not be reduced by more than the percentage ap (I) exempt any program, project, or activity plicable to the program, project, or activity (determined within such account from the order; after any reduction under subparagraph (B)). (11) provide for a lower uniform percentage to be (3) ORDERTO BE BASED ON COMPTROLLER GENERAL'S REPORT.- applied to reduce any rogram, roject, or activity The order must provide for reductions in the manner specified within such account tK an woul I! otherwise apply; Anlr. p 1063 in section 251(aX3), must incorporate the provisions of the or report submitted under section 251(b), and must be consistent (111) take actions described in both subclauses (1) with such report in all respects. The President may not modify and (11). or recalculate any of the estimates, determinations, specifica- (ii) If the President uses the authority under clause tions, bases, amounts. or percentages set forth in the report (i), the total amount by which outlays are not reduced submitted under section 2516) in determining the reductions to for fiscal year 1986 in military personnel accounts b be specified in the order with respect to programs, projects, and reason of the use of such authority shall be deterpinedl activities, or with respect to budget activities, within an ac- Reductions in outla s under defense programs in such count, with the exception of the authority granted to the Presi- total amount shall achieved by a uniform percent- dent for fiscal year 1986 with respect to defense programs age sequestration of new budget authority and unobli- pursuant to paragraph (2MC). gated balances in each rogram, project, and activity (4) EmOF ~EQIJF~RATION UNDER INITIALomm.-Notwith- within each account witR in major functional category Post, p. 1092. standing section 257(7), amounts sequestered under an order 050 other than those military personnel accounts for issued by the President under paragraph (1) for fiscal year 1987 which the authority provided under clause (i) has been or any subsequent fiscal year shall be withheld from obligation exercised, computed on the basis of the outlay rate for pending the issuance of a final order under subsection (b) and each such program, project, and activity determined shall be permanently cancelled in accordance with such final under section 251(d). Anfe, p. 1063 order upon the issuance of such order. (iii) The President may not we the authority pre President of U S (5) ACCOMPANYINGMWAGE.-At the time the actions de- vided b clause (i) unless he notifies the Comptroller scribed in the preceding provisions of this subsection with re- Generarand the Congress on or before January 10, spect to any fiscal year are taken. the President shall transmit 1986, of the manner in which such authority will be to both Houses of the Congress a message containing ail the exercised. Anfe. p. io63 information required b section 251(aX4) and further specifying (C)FLEXIBILITY AMONG PROGRAMS, PROJECIS, AND ACIIVI- in strict accordance witi paragraph (3h ' TIES WITHIN ACCOUNTS.- (Aj wii'nin ai~oiiiit,fGi i~~dipiwzTi, piejst, and (i) New budget authority and unobli ated balances activity, or budget account activity, the base from which for any program, project, or activit witt in an account each sequestration or reduction is taken and the amounts within major functional categoq J50 may be reduced which are to Se sequestered or reduced for each such pm under an order issued b the rresident under para- gram, project, and activity or bu et xi-ount activity; aiid graph (.1) for fiscal year lb6, subject to clauses (ii) and (B) such other supporting detai% as the President may (iii) of this subparagraph, by up to two times the determine to be appropriate. Page 84

Upon receipt in the Senate and the House of Representatives, during such fiscal year in amounta that are lea than the m-e (and any mm ying proposals made under would have been paid but for such final order, or eubeection (c)) shall be referreEd1 committees with judic- provides for the payment of the full amount of such tion over programs, projects. and activities affected by the increases, the increases suspended pursuant to such order. sentence shall be restored to the extent necessary to (6) Erwcnv~DATE OF INITIAL ORDER.- pay such reduced or full increases, and lump-sum pay- (A)FISCAL YEAR is86.-The order issued by the F’resident menta in the amounts necessary to pay such reduced or under paragraph (1) with respect to the fiscal year 1986 full increases shall be made, for the period for which shall be effective as of March 1,1986. such increases were suspended pursuant to this clause. (B! FISCAL YEARS 1987-1BBi.-~e order issued by the Preaident under paragraph (1) mth respect to the fiscal ($1 PROHIEITION AGAINST BECOUPMENT.-NOtwith- year 1987 or an su uent fiscal year shall be effective as standing clauses (i) and (ii), if an amount required by of October 1 or9 such iscal year (and the President shall either such clause to be withheld is paid, no withhold from obligation as~provided in paragraph (4), recoupment shall be made against an individual to pending the issuance of his fin order under subsection (b), whom payment was made. any amounta that are to be sequestered or reduced under (iv) EmOF LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS ON NEEDS-RELATED such order). PROGRAMs.-LUmpsUm payments made under the last (c)TREATMENT OF AUTOYAnC EPENDING IN-.- sentence of clause (i) or clause (ii) shall not be consid- (~).FALYEAR iB86.-Notwithstanding any other ered as income or resources or otherwise taken into prowion of law, any automatic s nding increase that account in determining the eligibility of any individual would (but for this claw) be /& paid during the for aid, assistance, or benefits under any Federal or nning with the date of the enactment of this federally-assisted program which conditions such eligi- jointFiod res0T ution and en with the effective date of an bility to any extent upon the income or resources of order issued by the Pmi ent under rapph (1) for such individual or his or her family or household, or in the fiecal year 1986 shall9 be ruspende8kW such order determining the amount or duration of such aid, assist- becomes effective, and the amounts that would other- ance, or benefits. wiee be expended duriq such period with respect to (D)SPECIAL RULES FOR FISCALYEAR isss.+i) For purposes such increaaea shall be mthheld. If such order mvidea Ante, p. 1063. of applying this section and section 251 with respect to the that automatic spending increaeee shall be Jumito fiscal year 1986- zero during such fd , the increases suspended (I) the order issued by the President under paragraph pursuant to the Zsantence and any legal (1)of this subsection shall be considered the final order rights thereto ehag be permanently cancelled. If such of the President under this section; and order provides for the pent of automatic s nding (II) the Committees on A propriations of the House increases durysuch&alyearinamountat E tare of Representatives and the &mate may, after consulta- less than woul have been paid but for such order, or tion with each other, define the term “program. pmdes for the payment of the full amount of such project, and activity”, and report to their respective increases, the increaaea aupended pursuant to such How, with respect to matters within their jurisdic- sentence shall be restorered to the extent neceaaary to tion, and the order issued b the President shall seque% pay such reduced or full inmasea, and lumpeum pay- ter funds in accordance wit{ such definition. menta in the amounts n to ysuchreducedor (ii) If the Comptroller General declares in the report full increaees shall be 47e. or t R“e period for which issued under section 251(b) for fiscal year 1986 that as a such increasem were suspended pursuant to this claw. result of laws enacted and regulations promulgated after (fi) FISCALyEAB(I iB87-i~Bi.-Notwithstandi1?g any the date of the enactment of this joint resolution and prior other provision of law, any automatic spendmg in- to the issuance of such report the exceas deficit for the fiscal c~ that would (but for this clause) be first paid year (adjusted in accordance with section 25UaX3XAXii) has dunng the period beginning with the first da of such been eliminated, the order issued under this subsection for fiscal ear and ending with the date on whc. a final the fiscal year shall 80 state (and shall make available for order t issued pursuant to rubsection (b) sw be mas- obligation and expenditure any amounts withheld pmuant pended until such final order becomes effectme, and to subparagra h ((Xi) of this parapph). the amounts that would otherwiee be expended during (iii) The or& hued by the President under such period with res to such. increaaea shall (1) with respect to fdear 1986 shall be mod-% withheld. If such fizrder prondes that automabc the effective date for SUCK order prescribed under subpara- 8 nding increases shall be reduced to zero during such gra h (A) to include in the order the changes in budget & year, the increaaea suspended pursuant to the autiority and unobligated balances. and related changes in ding sentence and an legal nghta thereto shall outlay reductions, authorized for such fiscal year under permanently cancelled. ff such final order pmvidea for the payment of automatic spending increaaea section 251(dX3xDMii). (b) ISSUANCX OF FINAL ORDER.- Page 85

(1) IN GENKBAL.-~ October 15 of the fiyear (except in or (b) of this section shall have the effect of eliminating any pre the case of the frecal year 1986), after the submission of the gram, project, or activit of the Federal Cgvernment. revised report submitted by the Comptroller General under Prohibition. (e) RELATIVEBumm LIORITIESNOTTo BE ALmRED.-Nothing in section 251(cX2), the Preaident shall issue a final order under President of U.S. the preceding provisions of this section shall be construed to give the this section to eliminate the full amount of the deficit ex- .as Ante, p. 1063. President new authority to alter the relative priorities in the Fed- identified by the Comptroller General in the revised report eral budget that are established by law, and no person who is or su!mit.td under section 251kX2) but onlv to the extent and in Decomes elkibie for benefits under any provision of law sha!! be the manner provided in such report. The order issued under this denied eligibility by reason of any order issued under this part. subsection- (A) shall include the same reductions and sequestrations 2 usc 903. SEC. 253. COMPLIANCE REPORT BY COMFTROLLER GENERAL. w - . c ., as the miCd order issued under subseciion (ai, a&d.ed ~n or ~e~oreirovarnbr 15 uf t~& F-d ~SZZ ;ii ci kk~ the extent necessary to take account of any changes in April 1, 1986, in the case of the fdyear 1986), the Comptroller reievant amounta or percentages determined by the Genera! shall submit to the Congress and the President a report on Comptroller General in the redreport submitted under An&, p. 1M2. the extent io w'nich the President'e order kiid -iiiider sxiiiiii 252bi: section 251(cX2), for such fiscal year complies with all of the requirements contained (B) ahall make such reductions and sequestrations in in section 252, either certifying that the order fully and accurately strict accordance with the requirementa of section 25UaX3) complies with such requirements or indicating the respecta in which and (4), and it does not. (C) shall utilize the same criteria and guidelines as thoee which were used in the iseuance of such initial order under 2 usc 904. SEC. 254. CONGRESSZONAL ACIION. subsection (a). (a) SPECIALPuocmrrape IN THE EmOF A RECESSION.- The ~rovieioneof subsection (aX3) shall amlv to the mvised (1) IN GWmyL--The Dkecbr of the Congressional Budget repoh submitted under section 251(cx2) and b-the order kued office shall not^ the Congress at any time if- under this subsection in the same manner 88 such provisions (A) during the period consisting of the quarter during ap ly to the initial re rt issued under eection 251(b) and to the which such notification ia given, the quarter preceding such oJer issued under suLion(a). notification, and the four uartem following such notifica- (2) Ommt REQUIRED IF EXXCESB D~FIICIT IS KuYmmm.-If the Report. tion, such Oflice or the 08ice of Management and Budget Comptroller General kea a revised report under &ion hae determined that real economic growth is projected or 251(cX2) stating that as a result of laws enacted and regulations estimated to be less than zero with respect to each of any promulgated af?er the submission of the initial report of the two consecutive quarters within such period, or Com troller General under section 251(b) the excess deficit for a (B)the Department of Commerce! preliminary reporta of fdyear (adjusted in accordance with section 251(aX3XAXi), actual real economic growth (or an subaequent revision in the case of fdyear 1986) has been eliminated, the order there00 indicate that the rate of deconomic growth for issued under thb subsecaion shaU 80 state and shall make each of the most recent re rted quarter and the imme available for obligation and expenditure any amounts withheld ciiate~y p- quarter is Esthan one pursuant to eubeection (aK4) or (aX6XC). Upon such notification the Majority Leader o~~kouseshall (3) DATE OF FINAL ORDER.- introduce a joint resolution (in the form set forth in paragraph (A) Ercept as provided in subsection (aXGXA), the final (2)) declaring that the conditions specified in this order issued by the President under paregraph (1) shall met and sus nding the relevant provisions of th-4: become effective on the date of ita issuance, and shall remainder oRhe current fiscal year or for the following fiscal supedethe order kued under subsection (aX1). year or both. (B)Any modification or suspension by such order of the (2) FORM OF JOINT WLU"I0N.- operation of a provision of law that would (but for such (A) The matter after the resolving claw in an joint order) an automatic spending to take effect resolution introduced pursuant to paragraph (1) 8hd.k as require increase follows: "That the Congrees declares that the conditions during the fiscai year shall apply for the oneyear period beginning with the date on which such automatic led in section 25NaXl) of the Balanced Budget and increase YXmergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 are met; and- would have taken efiect ciuring such iid year Chi fur "(1) the pmvieions of sections ?TI, 3ili(i). 3W&tj, such order). 304(b), and 31Ua) of the onal Budget and (c) PROWBALOF ALTERNAF BY THE €"T.-A meae8ge Co y-d--:bA-.l Impoundment Control Act of%??section 11Wc) of L amaumw Timiit t.~~G~&GC !&! ~4th=@- k P fii,~eer ;&!2 r&;y&, tude si, T"T~~s-A--111Leu UNe,n-J ad*it c of the Dd&Yd may be accompanied by a roposal setting forth in full detail 1055. Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 are alternative way8 to reduce &e deficit for such fdyear to an An&, p. 1063. Ante, p. 1063. sus nded for the remainder of the current fiscal year, amount not greater than the maximum deficit amount for such anr riear. "Gj the provisions of se&ioiis 33, SOIG, 304%:, srd (d) &XIB~NG PRODRAMS,PRar~lns, AND Acnvrrr~sNOT To BE Prohibition. iai 311(a) (insofar as it relatee to +ion 3(7)) -of the_ EL~IWNATCD.-NOaction taken by the President unaer subeeciion Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act ot Page 86 1974, sections 302(f) and 311(a) (except insofar as it Ante. pp. 1044. amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it relates to section 3(7)) of that Act (but only if a concur- 1055. be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the rent resolution on the budget under section 301 of that Ante. p. 1039. motion is agreed to or disagreed to. Act, for the fiscal year following the current fiscal year, Ante. p. 1040 (ii! Debate in the House of Representatives on a joint has been agreed to prior to the introduction of this joint resolution under this paramaph shall be limited to not resolution), sections 1105(0 and 1106(c) of title 31, more than five hours, which shall be divided equally United States Code, and part C of the Balanced Budget Ante. p 1063. between those favoring and those opposing the joint resolu- and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 are sus- Ante. p. 1063 tion. A motion to postpone. made in the House of Rep pended for the fiscal year following the current fwal resentatives with respect to the consideration of a joint Y?’. resolution under this paragraph, and a motion to proceed to This joint resolution shall not have the effect of suspending the consideration of other business, shall not be in order. A any final order which was issued for the current fwal year motion further to limit debate shall not be debatable. It under section 252(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency shall not be in order to move to table or to recommit a joint Deficit Control Act of 1985 if such order was issued before Ante. p. 1072 resolution under this paragraph or to move to reconsider the date of the enactment of this joint resolution.”. the vote by which the joint resolution is agreed to or (B) The title of the joint resolution shall be “Joint resolu- disagreed to. tion suspending certain provisions of law ursuant to sec- (iii) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to tion 254(aX2) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Defi- the application of the Rules of the House of Representatives cit Control Act of 1985.”; and the joint resolution shall not Ante, p. 1078. to the procedure relating to a joint resolution under this contain any preamble. paragraph shall be decided without debate. (3) ~~MMIITEEAmoN.-&ch joint resolution introduced (iv) Except to the extent specifically provided in the pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be referred to the Committee on preceding provisions of this subsection or in subparagraph the Budget of the House involved; and such Committee shall (D),consideration of a joint resolution under this subpara- report the ’oint resolution to its House without amendment on graph shall be governed by the Rules of the House of or before tie fiRh day on which such House is in session after Representatives. the date on which the joint resolution is introduced. If the (CXi) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the consider- Committee fails to report the joint resolution within the five- ation of a joint resolution under this paragraph shall be day period referred to in the preceding sentence, it shall be privileged and not debatable. An amendment to the motion automatically discharged from further consideration of the joint shall not be in order, nor shall it be in order to move to resolution, and the joint resolution shall be placed on the reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or appro riate calendar. disagreed to. (4) &NSIDEunON OF JoIm RmLmoN.- (ii) Debate in the Senate on a joint resolution under this (A) A vote on final of a joint resolution reported paragraph, and all debatable motions and appeals in to a House of the n ess or discharged pursuant to connection therewith, shall be limited not more thap five paragraph (3) shall be taren on or before the close of the houm The time shall be equally divided between, and fifth calendar day of session of such House after the date on controlled by, the majority leader and the mmonty leader which the joint resolution is reported to such House or after or their designees. the Committee has been discharged from further consider- (iii) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or ation of the joint resolution. If prior to the passage by one appeal in connection with a joint resolution under this House of a joint resolution of that House, that House paragraph shall be limited to not more than one hour, to be receives the same joint resolution from the other House, equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and then- the manager of the joint resolution, except that in the event (iJ the pr?cedure in that House shall be the same as if the manager of the joint resolution is in favor of any such no such joint resolution had been received from the motion or appeal, the time in opposition thereto shall be other Houae, but controlled by the minority leader or his designee. (ii) the vote on final passage shall be on the joint (iv) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate on a resolution of the other House. joint resolution under this paragraph is not debatable. A When the ’oint resolution is agreed to, the Clerk of the motion to table or to recommit a joint resolution under this House of kpresentatives (in the case of a House joint paragraph is not in order. resolution agreed to in the House of Representatives) or the (D)No amendment to a joint resolution considered under Secretary of the Senate (in the case of a Senate joint this paragraph shall be in order in either the House of resolution agreed to in the Senate) shall cause the joint Representatives or the Senate. resolution to be engroesed, certified, and transmitted to the (b) C~NGRPSSIONALRESPONSE TO ~IDENTULORDER.- other House of the Congress as soon as practicable. (1) RBWRTINCOF RESOLUTIONS, AND RECONCILIATION BILIS AND (BKi) A motion in the House of Reprefentatives to proceed RESOLUTIONS, IN THE SENATE.- to the Consideration of a joint resolution under this para- (A) COMMIITEEALTERNATIVES TO PRESIDENTIAL ORDER.- graph shall be highly privileged and not debatable. An Within two days after the submission of a report by the Page 87

, Camptroller General under section 251(cX2),each standing Ante. p io62 !ii! the adoption and enactment of such amendment; committee of the Senate may submit to the Committee on or the Budget of the Senate information of the type described (iii) the enactment of such bill or resolution in the in section 30Ud) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 Ante. p I040 form recommended in such conference report, with respect to alternatives to the order envisioned by such would cause the amount of the deficit for such fscal year to report insofar as such order affects laws within the jurisdic- exceed the maximum deficit amount for such fiscal year, tion cf the co?rz.rr?ittee Ante. p 1063. unless the report submitted under section 25l(cXi) projects (B) INITIAL BUDGET COMMIlTEE ACl'lON.-NOt later than Report neptive ree! ecnnnrnic growth for such fiscal year, or for two days after issuance of a final order by the President each of any two consecutive quarters during such fiscal under section 2526) yith -respect to a fiscal year, the Ante, p 1072 year. Committee on the Budget of the Senaie may re@& tij thc (F)TREATMENT OF CERTAIN AMENDMENTS.-In the Senate, Senate a resolution. The resolution may affirm the impact an amendment which ai& to a resoiuiiuii IeWiSd ~ndcr of the order issued under such section, in whole or in part. subparagraph (B) an instruction of the type referred to in To the extent that any part of the order is not aErm4, the such subparagraph shall be in order during the consider- resolution shall state which parts are not affirmed and ation of such resolution if such amendment wodd kx ii; , shall contain instructions to committees of the Senate of order but for the fact that it would be held to be non- the type referred to in section 310(a) of the Congressional germane on the basis that the instruction constitutes new Budget Act of 1974, sufficient to achieve at least the toel Ante. p 1053 matter. level of deficit reduction contained in those sections which (G)DEmNx'PIoN.-For purposes of subparagraphs (A), (B), are not affirmed. and (C), the term "day" shall mean any caiendar day oil (C) RESPONSE OF co~Mmm.-Committees instructed which the Senate is in session. pursuant to subparagraph (B), or af€ected thereby, shall (2) PROCEDURES- submit their responses to the Budget Committee no later (A) IN GENERAL.-EXCept as provided in subparagraph tB), than 10 days after the resolution referred to in subpara- in the Senate the provisions of sections 305 and 310 of the Ante. pp. 1047. Congressional Budget Act of 1974 for the consideration of graph (B) is agreed to, except that if only one such Commit- 1053. concurrent resolutions on the budget and conference re tee is 80 instructed such Committee shall, by the same. date, report to the Senate a reconciliation bill or reconciliation ports thereon shall also apply to the consideration of resolu- resolution containing its recommendations in response to tions, and reconciliation bills and reconciliation resolutions such instructions. A committee shall be considered to have reported under this paragraph and conference reports complied with all instructions to it pursuant to a resolution thereon. (B)LIMIT ON DEBATE.-hbate in the Senate on any res+ adopted under subparagraph (B) if it has made rec- lution reported pursuant to paragraph (lXB), and all ommendations with respect to matters within its jurisdic- amendments thereto and debatable motions and appeals in tion which would result in a reduction in the deficit at least connection therewith, shall be limited to 10 hours. equal to the total reduction directed by such instructions. (c)LIMITATION ON AMENDMENTS.-%CtiOn 310(dX2) Of the COMMITTEE (D) BUDCGT AmoN.-Upon receipt of the rec- Ante. p. 1053. Congressional Budget Act shall apply to reconciliation bills ommendations received in response to a resolution referred and reconciliation resolutions reported under this subsec- to in subparagraph (B), the Budget Commit% shall report tion. to the Senate a reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolu- (D) BIU AND RESOLUTIONS RECEIVED FROM THE HOUSE.- tion, or both, carrying out all such recommendations with- Any bill or resolution received in the Senate from the out any substantive revisions. In the event that a commit- House, which is a companion to a reconciliation bill or tee instructed in a resolution referred to in subparagraph reconciliation resolution of the Senate for the purposes of (B) fails to submit any recommendation (or, when only one this subsection, shall be considered in the Senate pursuant committee is instructed, fails to report a reconciliation bili to the provisions of this subsection. or resolution) in response to such instructions, the Budget (E) DEFINITrON.-For purposes of this subsection, the Committee shall include in the reconciliation bill or rec- term "resolution" means a simple, joint, or concurrent onciliation resolution reported pursuant to this subpara- resolution. graph legislative language within the jiirkdietiofi of the (c! CERTAINRIWLUTIONS TREATEDAS RECONCILIATION BILLS.- noncomplying committee to achieve the amount of deficit Resolutions described in subsection (b) of this section and biiis reduction directed in such instructions. reported as a result thereof shall be considered in the Senate to be iEj i%iNT OF omsiz.--!t sha!! r?nt h. in order in the reconciliation bills or resolutions for purposes of the Congressional ' Senate to consider any reconciliation bill or reconciliation 2 USC 621 note. Budget Act of 1974. resolution reported under subparagraph (D) with respect to a fwal year, any amendment thereto, or any conference 2 USC 905. SEC. 255. EXEMPT PROCRAMS AND ACTIVITIES. report thereon if- SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSAND TIER 1 RAILROADRETIREMENT (i) the enactment of such bill or resolution as re BENEFITS.-InCrf?aSeS in benefits payable under the o!d-age, survi.- Ported, vom; and disability insurance program established under title I1 of Page 88 the Social Security Act, or in benefits payable under section 3(a), 42USC401 Payment to civil service retirement and disability fund 3(fn3), 4(a), or 4(0 of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, shall not 45 231bs (24-0200-0-1-805); be considered “automatic spending increases” for purposes of this 231c Payments to copyright owners (03-5175-04-376); title; and no reduction in any such increase or in any of the benefits Payments to health care trust funds (75-0580-0-1-572); involved shall be made under any order issued under this part. Payments to military retirement fund (97-0040-0-1-054k (b) V-NS hmlulus.-The following programs shall be Payments to social security trust funds (75-0404-0-1- exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part: 571); Veterans’ compensation (36-0153-0-1-701); and Payments to state and local government fiscal assistance Veterans’ pensions (36-0154-0-1-701). trust fund (20-21 11-0-1-851); (c) Nm I~~eaesr.-Noreduction of payments for net interest (all Payments to the foreign service retirement and disability of major functional category 900) shall be made under any order fund (11-1036-0-1-153 and 19-0540-0-1-153); issued under this part. Payments to trust funds from excise taxes or other re (d) EARNEDINCOME TAXCRmrr.-Payments to individuals made 26 USc 32 ceipts properly creditable to such trust funds; pursuant to section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 shall be Postal service fund (18-4020-0-3-372); exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part. Salaries of Article III judges; (e) OPP~EYTINGRBCEIP~S AND CowoNs.-Of€setting receipts Soldiers and Airmen’s Home, payment of claims (84- and collections shall not be reduced under any order issued under 8930-0-7-705); this part. Southeastern Power Administration, Operations and (0 CERTAINPROGRAM Bm.--Outlays for programs specified in maintenance (89-0302-0- 1-27 1); paragraph (1) of section 257 shall be subject to reduction only in POS~p 1092 Southwestern Power Administration, Operations and accordance with the procedures established in section 25UaX3XC) $2:; $:$ maintenance (89-0303-0-1-271); and 2560. Tennessee Valley Authority fund, except non-power pro- (9) PROGUMi AND AmmES.- gram and activities (64-4110-0-3-999); (1) The following budget accounts and activities shall be Clairns,etc Western Area Power Administration, Construction, re exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part: habilitation, operations, and maintenance (89-5068-0-2- Activities resulting from private donations, bequests, or 271,; and voluntary contributions to the Government; Western Area Power Administration, Colorado River Alaska Power Administration, Operations and mainte- basins power marketing fund (89-4452-0-3-27 1). nance (89-0304-0- 1-27 1); (2) Prior legal obligations of the Government in the following Appropriations for the District of Columbia (to the extent budget accounts and activities shall be exempt from any order they are appropriations of locally raised funds); issued under this part: Bonneville Power Administration fund and borrowing Agency for International Development. Housing, and authority established pursuant to section 13 of Public Law other credit guarantee programs (72-4340-0-3-151); 93-454 (19741, as amended (89-4045-0-3-271); 16 USC 838k Agricultural credit insurance fund (12-4140-0-3-351); Bureau of Indian Affairs miscellaneous trust funds, tribal Biomass energy development (20-01 14-0-1-271); trust funds (14-9973-0-7-999); Check forgery insurance fund (20-4109-0-3-803); Claims, defense (97-0102-0-1-051); Community development grant loan guarantees (86- Claims. judgments, and relief acta (20-18954-1-806); 0162-0-1-451); Coinage profit fund (20-5811-0-2-803); Credit union share insurance fund (25-4468-0-3-371); Compensation of the President (11-0001-0-1-802); President of U S Economic development revolving fund (13-4406-0-3-452); Eastern Indian land claims settlement fund (14-2202-0- Employees life insurance fund (24-8424-0-8-602); 1-806); Energy security reaerve (Synthetic Fuels Corporation) Exchange stabilization fund (20-4444-0-3-155); (20-01 12-0-1-27 1); Federal payment to the railroad retirement account (60- Export-Import Bank of the United States, Limitation of 0113-0-1-601); program activity (83-4027-0-3-155); Foreign military sales trust fund (11-8242-0-7-155); Federal Aviation Administration, Aviation insurance Health professions graduate student loan insurance fund revolving fund (69-4120-0-3-402); (Health Education Assistance Loan Program) (75-4305-0-3- Federal Crop Insurance Corporation fund (12-4085-0-3- 553); 351); Intragovernmental funds, including those from which the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (51-8419-0-8- outlays are derived primarily from resources paid in from 371); other government accounts, except to the extent such funds Federal Emergency Management Agency, National flood are augmented by direct appropriations for the fiscal year insurance fund (58-4236-0-3-453); during which an order is in effect; Federal Emergency Management Agency, National insur- e* Payment of Vietnam and USS Pueblo prisoner-of-war ance development fund (58-4235-0-3-451); claims (15-0104-0-1-153); Federal Housing Administration fund (86-4070-0-3-371 k Page 89

Federal Savings and Iaan Insurance Corporation fund Child nutrition (12-3539-0-i-605); (82-4031-0-5-371); Federal ahip fmcing fund (69-4301-0-3-403); FwJ stamp pmam13 (12-3505-0-1-605 and 12-3550-0-1- Federal ship financing fund, fishing vemels (13-4417-0-3- 605); mm. Grants to States for Medicaid (75-0512-0-1-551); - .-,, Supplemental Security Income Program (75-0406-0-1-609); Geothermal resources development fund (89-0206-0-1- and z??k Women, infante, and children program (12-3510-0-1-605). Government National Mortgage hiation, Guarantees ebacked securities (86-4238-04-371); (i) IDENTIFICATION OF PEOGRAE+IS.-FOI'jjiirpses e€ su%ec?icr?a and (h), programs are identified by the designated budget actount dE3ZLueation loans ~~~~~~ lMn ~-~~~,, identification code numbers set forth in the Budget of the united Homeowners as&ance fund, IJWI~IW w I -..w.Iu -., ---.; SAtsAt. I9M-Appendix. Indian loan guarantee and insurance fund (14-4410-0-3- C~ve~aent, 452); 2 USC 906. SEC.256. EXCEPTIONS. LIMITATIONS. AND SPECIAL RULES. International WeAbiniaim tioii, Oppi&hd (61 EiTXZ QR bUCTlQN8A&P %QUESl'RATIONS.- administration (13-1250-0-1-376): (1) FUC%'IONS IN AUTOMATIC SPENDING INCREMFS.-NOtWith- Law-rent public how,Lo& and other expenses (86- stan- any. other provision of law, any change in the 409&Q-S-604); Consumer Pnce Index or any other index measuring costs, Maritime Administration, War-riait insurance revolving prices, or wagea (or in any component of any such index), under fund (69-4302-0-3-403); Overesas Rivate Investment Corporation (71-40304-3- Post, p. 1092. a prcgrani listed in section 257!1), that is not taken into account 1.51). for purpoees of determining the amount of an automatic spend- ---I. ing increase (if any) under such program for a fiscal year for Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation fund (16-4204-0- Ante, p. 1072. which an order is hued under section 252 shall not taken 3-601); into account for purpoeee of determining any automatic spend- Rail ervice eaaietance (69-0lzUrl40l); ing increase during any fiscaI year thereaf'ter. Railroad rehabilitation and improvement financing fund (2) SEQWBTIUTIONS.--A~Yamount of new budget authority, C69-4411-0-3-401); unobllgated balanoee, ob ated balances, new lop~.guaran* Rural development insurance fund (!2-4155-05-452); commitments, new direct7 oan obligations, spend authonty Rural electric and telephone revolvmg fund (12-4230-8- (as defined in +ion 401(cX2) of the Coqvmonfiudget Act 3-271); Ante, p. 1056. of 1974). or oblwhon limitations which III sequestered or re- Rural housing insurance fund (12-4141-0-3371); Anto, p. 1072. duced pursuant to an order issued under &ion 252 is perma- Small Businem Adminietra tion, Bueinesa loan and inv& nently cancelled, with the exception of amounts sequestered in ment fund (73-4154-0-3-376); special or trust fun& which shall remain in such funds and be Small Bueineae Administration, Lease guarantee8 revolv- available in accordance with and to the extent permitted by ' fund (73-4157-0-3-376); ymall Buainesa Administration, Pollution control ment contract guarantee revolvmg fund (73-4147-d%% Small Business Administration, Surety bond guarantees revolving fund (7e156+-376); Veterans AdrmnlstratAon, Inaa guaranty revolving fund (36-4-3-704); Veterans Administration, National dcelife imurance fund (36-8132-0-7-701); Veterans Administration, Servicedbabled veterans insurance fund (36-4012-0-3-701);. Veterans Adminhtra tion, Semcemen's group life inmir- an~efund (36-4OO!b&3-701); Veterans Administration, United Stab Government life insurance fund (36-81506-7-701); Veterans Administration, Veterans insurance and indem- State and local nities (36-0120-0-1-701); government. Veterans Administration, V&iziis mpmd km~se fund (36-4010-0-3-701); and Veterans Administration, Veterana special life insurance fund (36-8455-0-8-701). (h) LOW-INCOMEhocmus.--The follo~ing iqrarns sMl k exempt from reduction under any order hue8 under this part: Aid to families with dependent chlidnn i75-0412U1-609; Page 90

reduction or sequestration; except that Federal payments made any time during each cost reporting period of the provider to a State as reimbursement of adminiitTative costs incurred by any part of which occurs during,the effective period of the such State under or in connection wth the unemployment order, but only (for each such cost reporting period) in the compensation pyams specified in subsection 01x1) shall be same proportion as the fraction of the cost reporting period subject to reduction or sequestration under this part notwith- that occurs during the effective period of the order. standing the exemption otherwise granted to Buch programs (c)EFFECTIVE PERIOD OF ORDER FOR FISCAL YEAR 1986.- under that subsection. For purposes of this paragraph, the effective period of a (c) Emm OF ORDEF~SON THE GUARANTEEDSTUDENT LQAN Education. sequestration order for fiscal year 1986 is the period begin- CRAM.^^) Any reductions which are required to be achieved from ning on March 1, 1986, and ending on September 30, 1986. the student loan programe operated pursuant to part B of title IV of (3) NO INCREASE IN BENEFICIARY CHARGES IN ASSIGNMENT- the Higher Education Act of 1965, as a consequence of an order 20 USC 1071. RELATED CASEs.-If a reduction in payment amounts is made issued pursuant to section 252, shall be achieved only from loans Ante, p. 1072. under paragraph (1) for services for which payment under part described in paragraphs (2) and (3) by the application of the meas- 42 usc 1395; B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act is made on the basis of ures described in such paragraphs. 42 USC 1395u. an assignment described in section 1842(bM3MB)(ii),in accord- (2) For any loan made dud-g the period beginneg on the date 98 Stat. 1093. ance with section 1842(bX6XB),or under the procedure described , that an order issued under section 252 takes effect wlth respect to a 42 USC 1395gg in section 187O(fX1), of such Act, the person furnishing the fiscal year and ending at the close of such fiscal year, the rate used services shall be considered to have accepted payment of the in computing the special allowance pyment pursuant to section reasonable charge for the services, less any reduction in pay- 438(bXZXAXiii) of such Act for each oft e first four special allowance 20 UX1087-1 ment amount made pursuant to a sequestration order, as pay- Dawnents for such loan shall be adjusted by reducing such rate by ment in full. ihe lesser of- (4) NO EFFECT ON COMPUTATION OF AAPCC.-In computing the (A) 0.40 percent, or adjusted average per capita cost for purposes of section (B) the percentage by which the rate specified in such section 42 USC 1395mm. !876(aX4) of the Social Security Act, the Secretary of Health and exceeds 3 percent. Human Services shall not take into account any reductions in (3) For any loan made during the period begin on the date payment amounts which have been or may be effected under that an order issued under section 252 takes effect7 wit respect tp a this part. fwal year and ending at the close of such fiscal year, the o (e) TREATMENT OF CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENTPROCruM.-Any fee which is authorized to be collected pursuant to section 4=%2 Ante. p. 1072 20 USC 1087-1. order issued by the President under section 252 shall accomplish the such Act shall be increased by 0.50 percent. full amount of any required reduction in expenditures under sec- (d) SPECIALRULES POR MEDICARE PROGRAM.- 98 Stat. 1311, tions 455 and 458 of the Social Security Act by reducing the Federal (1) MAXIMUMPERCENTAGE REDUCCION IN INDIVIDUAL PAYMENT 1312. matching rate for State administrative costs under such program, as AMoum.--The maximum permissible reduction for the health 42 USC 655, 658. 42 USC 1395. specified (for the fiscal year involved) in section 4Wa) of such Act, to insurance programs under title XVIII of the Social Security A& the extent necessary to reduce such expenditdres by that amount. for any fiscal year, pursuant to an order issued under section Ante, p. 1072. (0 TREATMENTOF FOSTER CAREAND ADOPTIONASSISTANCE PRG 252, consists only of a reduction of- Ante. p. 1072. GruMs.-Any order issued by the President under section 252 shall (A) 1 percent in the case of fdyear 1986, and make the reduction which is otherwise required under the foster (B) 2 percent in the case of any subsequent fiscal year, care and adoption assistance programs (established by part E of title in each separate payment amount otherwise made for a covered 42 USC 670. IV of the Social Security Act) only with respect to payments and service under those programs without regard to this part. State and local expenditures made by States in which increases in foster care (2) TIMINGOF APPLICATION OF REDU~ONS.- government. maintenance payment rates or adoption assistance payment rates (A) INGENERAL.-EXCept as provided in subparagraph (B), if a reduction is made under paragraph (1) in payment (or both) are to take effect during the fiscal year involved, and only amounts pursuant to a sequestration order, the reduction to the extent that the required reduction can be accomplished by shall be applied to payment for services furnished during applying a uniform percentage reduction to the Federal matching the effective period of the order. For purposes of the repayments that each such State would otherwise receive under sec- vious sentence, in the case of inpatient services furnisR ed 98 Stat. 1167. tion 474 of that Act (for such fiscal year) for that portion of the 3296. State's payments which is attributable to the increases taking effect for an individual, the services shall be considered to be 42 USC 671. furnished on the date of the individual's discharge from the during that year. No State may, after the date of the enactment of inpatient facility. this joint reeolution. make any change in the timetable for making (B)PAYMENT ON THE BASIS OF COST REPORTING PERIODS.- payments under a State plan approved under art E of title IV of In the case in which payment for services of a provider of 42 USC 670 the Social Security Act which has the effect ofchanging the fmal services is made under title XVIII of the Social Security Act 42 USC 1395. year in which expenditures under such part are made. on a basis relating to the reasonable cost incurred for the @) FEDERAL PAY.- services during a cost reporting period of the provider, if a (1) IN GENERAL-For purposes of any Order issued under reduction is made under paragraph (1) in payment amounts section 252- pursuant to a sequestration order, the reduction shall be (A)Federal pa under a statutory pay system, and el r applied to payment for costs for such services incurred at (B)elementa o!mditary pay, Page 91

to reduction under an order in the same manner Ante, p. 1072 spending increases under section 25ZiaXiXiii. aiid EO siichjacre- Mbs*&as other rative expense componenta of the Federal may, pursuant to such section, be reduced below zero. budget; except that no such order may reduce or have the effect Agriculture and ti) COMMODITYCREDIT CORFORA~ON.- of reducing the rate of pay to which any individual is entitled agriculturai (1) POWERS +D AUTHOBXTIES OF THE COMMODITY CREDIT COR- :omrnodities. under any such statuto pay Byetern or the rate of any element PORATION.--T~LB title shall not restrict the Commodity Credit of mili:ilipy to whiz any individual is entitled under title Corporation in the discha e of its authority and responsiblllty 37, Ld -k+aPde, er my hnm-s~in ratea of my which is as a corporatiop to buy m? sell commodities in world trade, to scheduled to take effect under section 5305 of title 5, United use the proceede as a revoiving fund io niet 9th~b!ig&=n= States Code. section 1009 of htle 37, United States Code, or any and otherwise operate as a corporation, the purpose for which it other mwhion of law. was created. (2) hmONe.-For purposes of this su’&on. (21 RZE=L’CZK?NM PAYUEYB u*nR UNDER CONTRA~.~A~ (A) -The term “statutory pay system’’ shall have the Payments and loan eligibilit under an contract entered into given that term in don5301:~) of titie 5, U~itec! with a person bv the Commdity Credit %rporation prior to the gES%ile Anfe. p. 1U;Z. .:--LlUIc: z, ~derLss seer! bud~_?nlter section 252 shaii not be (B) The Grm “elements of military pay means- reduced by an order subsequently issued. Subject to subpara- (i) the elements of compensation of members of the I graph (B), after an order is iasued under such section for a fmal uniformed service specified in don1009 of title 37, year, any cash paymenta made by the Commodity ChtCor- United StabWe. pmation- (ii) allowances ppvided members d the uniformed ii) under the tern of ~7yoneyear contract entered into eervicae under aect~ons403a and 405 of such title, and in such fiscal year and after the issuance of the order; and cadet pay and midshipman pay under section (i) %6R98 Stat. 2536. (ii) out of an entitlement account, 20%~)of such title. 37 USC 405. to any mn (including any producer, lender, or guarantee (0The term “uniformed services” shall have the mean- 37 USC 203. entity) s#%1 be subject ta reduction under the order. ing given that term in section lOl(3) of title 37, United (B) Each contract entered into yith producers or producer Stahcode. coo rativea wlth reapect to a particular cro of a commodity (h) TREATMENT OF PAYMENTS AND ADVAN- bEWITH bKT ancubject to reduction under subparagrapg (A) shall be re- TO U~YMKNTCO~SWSATION pBOcu~~.+l) For purpaees of duced in accordance with the same terms and conditions. If don262- Ante, p. 1072. some, but not all, contracts applicable to a crop of a commodity (A) any mount paid as unemplo ent compensation have been entered into pnor to the wuance of an order under by a State from ita account in the Unem ppent Trust Fund +ion 252, the order shall provide that the neceseary reduction (established by donWa) of the Social Lrity Act), 42 USC 1104. in paymenta under contracts applicable to the commodity be any advance -de to a Stae from the Federal unemploy- uniformly applied to all contracta for the next succeeding cro ment aamunt (eetabllshed by donsoa(e) of such Act) under of the commodity, under the authority provided in paragrapt title XII of sucb Act and any advance appropriated to the 42 USC 1321. 42 USC 1323. (3). Federal unemployment account pursuant to section 1203 of such (3) Dmm =U~?N fN 0-T PE:RarmrBLb.-Notth- Act, and standing any other provmon of thta jomt resolution, if an order (0any yment made from the Federal Em lo Com- under .section 252 is issued with respect to a fiscal year, any nsation &out (as established under section d oEch Act) 42 USC 1109. reduchon under the order ap licable confrade deacribed in Er the purpoee of ca~yingout chapter of title 5, united paragraph (1) may provide f!r reductions in outlays for the S+s &I!,qd funds appropriated or transferred to or other- 5 USC 8501 account involved to occur in the fiscal year following the fd WE depoated IDsuch Account, et seq. year to which the order applies. No other account, or other shall not be subject to reduction. program, project, or activity, shall bear an. increased reduction (2)o A State ma reduce each weekly benefit payment made for the fiscal ear to which the order apphea as a result of the under the Federaldate Extended Unemployment. Cornpeneation operation of tKe preceding sentence. Act of 1970 for any week of unemployment occurrmg durvlg any 26 USC 3304 (4) UNmBM PERCENTAGE IUTB OF REDUCIION AND mEU period with respect to which payments are reduced under an order note. LIMITATIONS.-A~~reductions described in paragraph (2) which WQ~Imder section 252 by a percen not to exceed the peycentl Ante, p. 1072. are required to be made in connection with an order lssued age by which the Federal payment to% State under section ~04of unCr section 252 w?t msp& t~ a Fdper- such Act is to be reduced for such week as a result of such order. 26 USC 3304 (A) shall be made ?. as to ensure that outlays for each (B) A reduction by a State in.?ccordance with subpafagraph (A) note. rogram, project, actmty, or account involved are reduced ahall not &,considered as a failure w fuiiill “re nq~iieiiie~kcf Ey = pmntap rate that is uniform for all such pmgquns, +ion 3304(aXll)of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. 26 USC 3304. prom activ~tiea,and accounts, and may not be made 80 (1) TREATMENT OF MINE WORKER DISABILITYCOMPSNSATION IN- as to achieve a percentage rate of reduction in any such CaMSpI AmtdATIC SPENDiNG bCm.-h order.issqed by item exceeding the rate specified in the ordeq and the F‘reaident- under section ‘252 may not r~~ultin elimiiiatifi Or ARii, p. :e:?. resped mmrnodity price support and income (5)with to reducing an increase in disability benefits under the Federal dine protection pmgrams, shall be made in such manner and safety and Health Act except in the manner provided for automatic 30 US2 801 note. under ru& pmcedtiii as dl etteapt k, ensure that- Page 92 (i) uncertaiqty aa p .the scope of benefh under any suchprogramm * tracts in mqjor functional ca ry 050 which exist at the time (ii) any.instabmrket prim for agricyltural Ante, p. 1072. the order involved is issued unT er section 252. commodhes resulting from the reduction is minmkxt 2uscm. . SEC. 257. DEFINITIONS. no+ production and relationships For pu of this title: mark “automatic spending increase” (except other- among ycultural commoditiv.(inclu% * g both con- c~)X?L~ as tract an nonantract commdhes) are not distorted. Ante, pp. 1082, wise provided in sections 255 and 256) means- In meeting the criterion set out in claw (iii) of subpara- 1086. (A) increaaea in budget outlays due to changes in indexes graph (B) of the pmcdhg sentence, the President shall in the following Federal p take into coneideration that reductions under an order ma Black lung be9efitsm4&-7-601); apply to programs for two or more agri+td commd Central Intell ence Agency retirement and disabil- itm that use the same type of produchon or market ity system fund (&-34006-1-054); resources or that are alternative commodities among whic”ft Civil service retirement and disability fund (24-8135- a producer could choose in makiug annual production deci- 0-7-602); t3iOIU. Comptrollers general retirement system (05-0107-0- 1-801); Fore’ service retirement and disability fund (19- 8186d?-602); Judicial survivors’ annuitiea fund (10-8110-0-7-602); automatic spending increase. Longshoremen’s and harborworkem’ compensation (6) Chrq AUTXOF NOT m ~1 ~nfrm~.-Nothingin tl?k benefits (16-9971-0-741); joint reeoluhon shall htor reduce, in an .wa ,any approprp- Military retirement fund (97-8097-0-7-602); tion thet rovides the commodity dt&rprahon mth National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration budget autgollty to oover the -rations8 net lams. retirement (13-14504-1-3?6); 0 CovYuwFn AND lldlopANT IhLm c1NTne, INDW HuLm Pensions for former Presidents (47-010&-1-802); S~nvlcxsAND FA- AND Vmmwa’ Mm~cuCm- Railroad retirement tier II (60-8011-0-7-601); Retired pay, Coast Guard (69-0241-0-1-403); Retirement pa and medical benefits for commis- sioned officers, kblic Health SeMce (75-0379-0-1- 551); Special benefib, Federal Employeee’ Compensation Act (16-1521-0-1-600); Special benefits for disabled coal minem c15-0409-0- 141); and health facilites c1~1-0-1~1~. Tax Court judgea symivors annuity fund (23-8115-0- (D) Indian health Frvic430 (1-1-651). 7-602); and Q Vm’mPvlrtvl are (36-0160-0-1-705). (B) increases in budget outlays due to changea in indexes For purpoeea of themprwi$ona of thia paragraph, in the followiNatioag%%p(wk3-351); pmgramsamiden by deagnatedbudgetaccount 7 USC 1781 note. identification code numbem met hd in the Budget of the milk r~gram(12-3502-0-1-605); and United Stater aWernment-Appendix. FLbocahonal re ilitation (91-0301-0-1-506). 0)kw O? BM-- For purposes of the receding provisions of this paragraph, (1) In Gm--E.ce aa p“deed in h (2). obli- programa are identded by the designated budget account pted balancea shall not subject to reddon &r an order identification code numbers set forth in the Budget of the mwed under rrection m. Ante, p. 1072 United States Government, 1986-Ap ndix. (2) &-ON. Contracts in msjor functional cab Contracts. (2) The terms “budget outlays” anF‘budget authority” have egolr om (other-EZ% thoee contracts which include a the meaning ven to such terms in sections 31) and 321, spedrytyfor cancellation or modification by the Govern- respectively, ofthe CoeonalBudget and Impoundment ment which if ao cancelled or modified would reeult (due to 2 USC 622. Control Act of 1974. mch dty)in a net lom to the Government for the tiocal year, (3) The term “concurrent resolution on the budget” has the and gthoee contracts the reductiod of which would violate the meamng gmn to such term in section 34)of the Congressional legal obligations of the Government) ohall be subject to redue Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. tion, in eccordanm with section 251(d)(3), under an order hued Ante, p. 1069. (4)The term “deficit” has the meaning given to such term in . pder mction 252 Ante, p. 1039. section 36) of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment 6)DEnwfiroN.-For urpoeea of this eubmction! $e term Control Act of 1974. “- co&actS’’ BhaE include all military and admn con- (5)The term “maximum deficit amount”, with respect to any fiscal year, means the maximum deficit amount for such fd 0