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Journal of Space Law JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW VOLUME 17, NUMBER 2 1989 JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 17 1989 NUMBER 2 EDITORIAL BOARD AND ADVISORS BERGER, HAROLD GALLOWAY, ElLENE Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Washington, D.C. BOCKSTIEGEL, KARL-HEINZ GOEDHUIS, D. Cologne, Germany London, England BOu:R:EL Y, MICHEL G. HE, QIZHI Paris, France Beijing, China COCCA, ALDO ARMANDO JASENTULrYANA,NANDASnu Buenes Aires, Atgentina New York, N.Y. DEMBLlNG, PAUL G. KOPAL, VLADIMIR Washington, D. C. Prague, Czechoslovakia DIEDERIKS-VERSCHOOR, LH. PH. MCDOUGAL, MYRES S. Baarn, Holland New Haven, Connecticut FASAN, ERNST VERESHCHETIN, V.S. N eunkirchen, Austria Moscow, U.S.S.R. FINCH, EDWARD R., JR. ZANOTtI, ISODORO New York, N.Y. Washington; D.C. STEPHEN GOROVE, Chairman University, Mississippi All correspondence with reference to this publication should be directed to the Journal of Space Law, University of Mississippi Law Center, University, Mississippi 38677. Journal of Space Law. The subscription rate for 1990 is $59 domestic and $64 foreign for two issues. Single issues may be ordered at $32 per issue. Copyright @ Journal of Space Law 1989. Suggested abbreviation: J. Space L. JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A Journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 17 1989 NUMBER 2 STUDENT EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS John Brister Burns - Editor Jacqueline Lee Haney - Editor Michael T. Circeo MIchael D. Herring MIchael D. Moore Tanya H. Nicholson Candidates Rhonda G. Davis Durwin B. Govan Robin R. Hutchison Kenneth L. Johnston Sondra L. Simpson FACULTY ADVISER STEPHEN GOROVE All correspondence with reference to this publication should be directed to the Journal of Space Law, University of Mississippi Law Center, University, Mississippi 38677. Journal of Space Law. The subscription rate for 1990 is $59 domestic and $64 foreign for two issues. Single issues may be ordered at $32 per issue. Copyright @ Journal of Space Law 1989 Suggested abbreviation: J. Space L. JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 17 1989· NUMBER 2 CONTENTS ARTICLES Land Mobile Satellite Communications: A Further Development in International Space Law (part II) (Wolf von Noorden & Phillip Dann) ................... 103 Implications of Commercial Activities in Outer Space, Especially for the Developing Countries il. H. Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor) ........................... 115 Article I of the Outer Space Treaty Revisited (N. Jasentuliyana) ................................................ 129 SPECIAL FEATURES Events of Interest ......................................................... 145 A. Past Events .......................................................... 145 Reports Review of the Work of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, New York, 5-15 June 1989 (N. Jasentuliyana)., ..................... 145 International Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, October 9-14, 1989 (I. H. Diederiks-Verschoor) ... 149 Comments Status of the "Patents in Space" Legislation in Congress, October 1989 (P. Meredith) .................... 163 The Spaceport Florida Authority Act (J. D. Leary, Jr.) ...... 167 Short Accounts Launch of the European Centre for Space Law (G. Lafferranderie) ................................................ 170 "Hawaii: Spaceport for the Future," Meeting of the Aerospace Law Committee of the ABA International Law Section, HonolnIu, August 5, 1989 ...................................................... 171 "The Law and Outer Space," First Annual Symposium, Sepl. 8-9, 1989 (Katherine M. Gorove) .................. I72 The 6th Seminar of the Lawyers within the Framework of the "Intercosmos" Program. Moscow. Sept. 25-29, 1989 (G. Silvestrov) .................................... 175 "Space Without Weapons;" Symposium held at McGill University, 25-27 October 1989 (Jochen Erler) ........................................................ 177 Report on the ColloqnIum on Manned Space Stations­ Legal Issues, Paris, France, November 7-8, 1989 (Michel Bourely) ........................................... 180 "Open Skies" Workshop, November 21-24, 1989, Ottawa, Canada (Colleen Driscoll Sullivan) ................................... 182 Other Events ....................................................................... 183 Brief News ......................................................................... 183 B. Forthcoming Events ............................................... 184 Book Reviews/Notices Papp, Daniel S. and McIntyre, John R. (Eds.) International Space Policy: Legal, Economic, and Strategic Options For the Twentieth Century and Beyond (J. I. Gabrynowicz) ................. 185 Kinsley, Allison P. (Ed.) Space - A New Era: Fifth National Space Symposium Proceedings ................ 186 Traa-Engelman, H. L. van, Commercial Utilization of Outer Space: Legal Aspects .................................. 187 Reijnen, G.C.M. and Graff, W. de, The Pollution of Outer Space, In Particular of the Geostationary Orbit ................................................ 188 Baker, Howard A., Space Debris: Legal and Policy Implications ............................................... 189 Torres, George, Space Shuttle: The Quest Continues .......... 189 • Li, Kuo Lee, Worldwide Space Law Bibliography Update 1987 and Update 1988 ........................................... 190 European Space Directory 1988 .......................................... 190 Recent Publications Books ................................................................................. 191 Articles ............................................................................. 191 Reports .............................................................................. 193 Comments .......................................................................... 193 Book Reviews/Notices ........................................ , ............... 194 Official Publications ......................................................... 195 Miscellaneous .................................................................... 199 Errata ................................................................................200 Current· Documents Amendments to the Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) .................................... 201 Amendments to the Operating Agreement on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) ........................................ 204 Index ........................................................................................... 205 LAND MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: A FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW (PART II) Dr. Wolf von Noorden' and Phillip Dann" Introduction In the first part of this article, we set out the background to recent· amendments to the INMARSAT Convention and Operating Agreement.! These extend the competence of the Organization, enabling it to provide land mobile-satellite services. We also described the amendment process. It is now necessary to consider in some detail the amendments themselves. The Land Mobile Amendments The crucial amendments are to Article 3 of the INMARSAT Convention, which sets out the purposes of the Organization. Paragraphs (1) and (2) now read as follows: (l) The purpose of the Organization is to make provision for the space segment necessary for improving maritime communications and, as practicable, aeronautical and land mobile communications and communications on waters not part of the marine environment, thereby aSsIstmg in improving communications for distress and safety of life and communications for air traffic services, the efficiency and management of transportation by sea, air and on· land, maritime, aeronautical and other public correspondence services and, radiodetermination capabilities. :;. General Counsel. INMARSAT. ** Assistant General Counsel, INMARSAT. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not . necessarily those of any organization with which the authors are or have been connected. 1. See von Noorden & Dann, Land Mobile Satellite Communications: A Further Development in International Space Law (Part I), 17 J. SPACE L. 1 (1989). See also Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT), Sept. 3, 1976, 31 U.S.T. 1, T.I.A.S. No. 9605 (hereinafter "Convention"); Operating Agreement on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT), July 16, 1979, 31 U.S.T. 1, T.I.A.S. No., 9605 (hereinafter "Operating Agreement"). For the "amendments" herein discussed, see Assembly/6/16,4,2,7 and Annexes IV to XI, 103 104 LAND MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1989 (2) The Organization shall seek to serve all areas whether there is a need for maritime, aeronautical and other mobile communications. This text therefore extends the competence of the Organization into two new areas: land mobile commWlications and communications on waters not part of the marine environment. The introduction of the concept of "waters not part of the marine environment" should be explained. The original version of Article. 3(1) provided that the purpose of the Organization was ". to make provision for the space segment necessary for improving maritime communications, thereby assisting in improving ... efficiency and management of ships, maritime public correspondence services . ." Article l(f) provided that "ship" meant "a vessel at any time operating in the marine environment ..." (emphases
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