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International Space Law” ST/SPACE/2 Office for Outer Space Affairs United Nations Office at Vienna Proceedings of the Workshop on Space Law in the Twenty-first Century Organized by the International Institute of Space Law with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNITED NATIONS New York, 2000 This document has not been formally edited. Introduction The Workshop on Space Law in the 21st Century, coordinated by the International Institute of Space Law (IISL), was held between 20 and 23 July 1999 in Vienna, Austria, as part o f the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III). More than 120 participants attended the Workshop, all contributing to an active discussion on the future of Space Law. The IISL Workshop comprised eight sessions, covering current concerns in the field of space law. Each session began with the presentation of a discussion paper by an invited speaker, followed by invited papers commenting on the discussion paper, as well as informal discussion and comments. At the end of each session, the Coordinator/Rapporteur of the session presented a summary report on significant issues raised in the session and, following a general discussion, the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the session were consolidated in a single document. At the conclusion of the eight substantive sessions, the “Workshop Executive Committee”, consisting of the chairperson of each session, the Workshop Coordinator, and the President of the International Institute of Space Law, who was the overall chairperson of the Workshop, met to discuss the reports of the sessions. The session reports were integrated into the Workshop’s Final Report to the UNISPACE III Conference. The Report of the Workshop was discussed actively and in great detail in Committee I o f the UNI SPACE III Conference. Reflecting the importance attached to the Workshop by the participants of UNISPACE III, government delegations adopted several of its proposals as part of the UNI SPACE III Report, which sets the international agenda for space law and policy in the coming decades. This publication contains the discussion papers o f each session, selected papers presented at the Workshop, the summary reports of each session and the final report of the Workshop, as well as the section of the UNISPACE III Report addressing “International Space Law”. I would like to take this opportunity to express special thanks to Dr. Stephen E. Doyle of IISL for his outstanding support in organizing and managing the Workshop as its Coordinator. The invaluable assistance of Ms. Masami Onoda of the Office for Outer Space Affairs as Assistant Coordinator is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Jochen Elsen, Anna Wigler, Alex Hantosi and Ramu Katkuri, who provided assistance to the Workshop and in particular to Charles Davies for compiling and formatting this publication. Finally, the IISL is grateful to all participants for making the Workshop a success, and whose knowledge and vision provided new perspectives of Space Law for consideration in the early decades of the Twenty-first Century. September 1999, N. Jasentuliyana, President, International Institute of Space Law Table of Contents Page I. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS OF THE WORKSHOP ON SPACE LAW IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, ORGANIZED BY THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPACE LAW 1 II. REPORT OF THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE EXPLORATION AND PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE: Section on “International Space Law” (II. V. H. 2) ......................................... 5 III. EXISTING UNITED NATIONS TREATIES: STRENGTHS AND NEEDS (SESSION 1 ) .................................................................................................. 9 1. Discussion Paper by Vladimir Kopal ............................................................................. 11 2. Commentary Paper by F. G. von der Dunk .................................................................. 19 3. Commentary Paper by S. B h a tt.......................................................................................23 4. Commentary Paper by Eilene G allow ay.........................................................................24 5. Commentary Paper by Eduardo Gaggero, Alicia Lausarot and Marta Gaggero ... 28 6. Commentary Paper by Yury Kolosov............................................................................. 30 7. Summary R ep o rt................................................................................................................32 IV. EXPANDING GLOBAL LAUNCH SERVICES (SESSION 2 ) 33 1. Discussion Paper by H. Peter van F enem a.................................................................... 35 2. Commentary Paper by Catherine B au d in .......................................................................47 3. Commentary Paper by John B. G a n tt............................................................................. 50 4. Commentary Paper by Jose Monserrat Filho ................................................................55 5. Commentary Paper by Armel Kerrest ........................................................................... 57 6. Summary R ep o rt.................................................................................................. ......... 58 V. EXPANDING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES (SESSION 3 ) .........................................................................................................................61 1. Discussion Paper by Francis Lyall .................................................................................. 63 2. Commentary Paper by Alfons A. E. N o ll.......................................................................80 3. Commentary Paper by Jonathan G allow ay.....................................................................87 4. Commentary Paper by Ram Ja k h u .................................................................................. 91 5. Summary R e p o rt................................................................................................................93 VI. EXPANDING GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING SERVICES (SESSION 4 ) .........................................................................................................................95 1. Discussion P a p e r................................................................................................................97 2. Commentary Paper by Carlos H. Rebellon B etancourt.............................................. 125 3. Commentary Paper by Alexander V. Y akovenko....................................................... 125 4. Commentary Paper by M.G. Chandrasekhar .............................................................. 126 5. Summary R e p o rt............................................................................................................. 127 VII. THE ROLES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIAL USE OF OUTER SPACE (SESSION 5 ) ....................................................................................................................... 129 1. Discussion Paper by Christian R oisse..............................................................................131 2. Commentary Paper by David Sagar ..............................................................................136 3. Commentary Paper by Victor S. Veshchunov ..............................................................140 4. Commentary Paper by Leonard S. D o o ley .................................................................. ..143 5. Commentary Paper by P. Hulsroj ..................................................................................146 6. Commentary Paper by Martin S tan fo rd .........................................................................148 7. Summary R e p o rt................................................................................................................151 VIII. EXPANDING GLOBAL NAVIGATION SERVICES (SESSION 6 ) .................................................................................... .................................. 153 1. Discussion Paper by Paul B. L arsen...............................................................................155 2. Commentary Paper by Jiefang Huang ......................................................................... .167 3. Commentary Paper by B.D.K. Henaku ........................................................................169 3. Summary R e p o rt...............................................................................................................177 IX. POSSIBLE INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, INCLUDING LEGAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN EXPANDING SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION (SESSION 7 ) 179 1. Discussion Paper by Peter M alanczuk......... ............................................................... 181 2. Commentary Paper by V. S. M a n i................................................................................ 192 3. Summary R ep o rt............................................................................................................. 193 X. MAINTAINING THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT (SESSION 8 ) 195 1. Discussion Paper by Lubos Perek ......................... ........................................... 197 2. Commentary Paper by G. Lafferranderie.................................................................... 1 9 6 3. Commentary Paper by Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel ......................................................... 207 4. Commentary Paper by Maureen Williams .................................................................
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