THE EMPOWERMENT OF SOCIETY THROUGH WOVEN SARONG PRODUCTION ACTIVITY IN WANAREJAN UTARA OF TAMAN SUB DISTRICT OF PEMALANG OF

1H. Ismail Nurdin, 2Hj. Sri Hartati, 3Farina Rahmawati

ABSTRACT Poverty becomes the biggest development problem of this century, not only for , but also for every country around the world. Unavailability of sufficient number of jobs causes government to make comprehensive and sustained efforts to reduce the poverty. Now community empowerment becomes appropriate solution in enabling people and improving independent people to reach the social welfare.

The title of this research is “Community Empowerment through Woven Sarong Production Activity in Wanarejan Utara Village of Taman Sub district of of Central Java Province”. The research aimed to describe the process of woven sarong production as community empowerment activity, to identify inhibiting factors, and to determine the local government effort as empowerment strategy. It used an exploratory method with an inductive approach, using descriptive analysis to portray the empowerment process. It also used non-scoring SWOT analysis to identify internal and external factors which influenced the empowerment.

According to research and data processing, the author could conclude that community empowerment through woven sarong production in Wanarejan Utara Village did not run optimally. It could be showed from the community welfare level that has not increased yet and from the inhibiting factors such as low of capital, inefficient production, and the worker regeneration.

The best recommendation is to optimize the training and monitoring that is done by local government, along with the establishment of woven sarong as a main product of Pemalang Regency. The last one is to form production cooperative that can guarantee the materials production and distribution networking in order to increase the community outcome. The roles both local government and community itself are needed to sustain the production activity as a community empowerment in Wanarejan Utara Village.

Keywords: community; optimalization; influenced the empowerment

I. INTRODUCTION 8 development goals as a goal package Poverty becomes the biggest problem of from 2000 until 2015 in which the first development in 21st century, not only in goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and Indonesia, but also all over the wolrd. It is stated in hunger. (Source: http://www.un.org. Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Millennium Development Goals. Millennium Development Goals Monday, 9th of December 2013.) (MDGs) is agreed by presidents and delegations from 189 country members In Indonesia, alignments against poverty of United Nation (UN). The MDGs begin with the foundation of our constitution, the contains commitment of each country Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year and international community to achieve 1945. Preamble to the Constitution of 1945 sets

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out the purpose of the state , they are to protect all strive to improve the dignity of society (which in the people of Indonesia and the entire country of its present condition has not been able to escape Indonesia, promote the general welfare, educate from the trap of poverty and underdevelopment) the nation, and participate in the establishment of a become capable and independent by world order based on freedom, eternal peace, and strengthening the potential or power possessed social justice. All these objectives can be achieved by the community so as to create an atmosphere if development issues in Indonesia (such as allows them to achieve a better life. poverty) can be resolved. This is in line with the thinking of According to the Central Bureau of Subejo and Narimo in Mardikanto (2013:31) Statistics, poverty is the inability to meet the who say that: minimum standards covering the basic needs of The process of community eating and non-eating needs. In addition to empowerment is a deliberate effort to meeting the needs factor, the United Nations facilitate local communities in Development Program (UNDP) defines poverty as planning, deciding and managing the inability to expand life choices, such as by owned local resources by the inserting valuation absence of public participation collective action and networking, so in policy-making as an indicator of poverty. Those that in the end they have the ability who are poor are also weak in entrepreneurial and independence economically, skills and limited access to economic, so they are ecologically and socially. getting left behind from other communities that have high potential (Huraerah, 2008:184). Pemalang Regency is one of It takes comprehensive and sustained regencies in Central Java Province located on the efforts in tackling poverty right. In this running North Coast of Java Island. Astronomically era, SBY and The Cabinet, have development Pemalang Regency located between 109°17'30" - priorities up to 2014 (August 16th, 2013 109°40'30 " East Longitude and 6°52'30"- President's Speech in the House of Parliament), 7°20'11" South Latitude. Pemalang Regency is namely (1) economic growth, (2) job creation, divided into 14 sub districts namely Bodeh, (3) price stability, (4) poverty eradication, (5) Ulujami, Comal, Ampelgading, Petarukan, food security, and (6) energy security. Taman, Pemalang, Bantarbolang, Randudongkal, The availability vocation may Warungpring, Moga, Pulosari, Watukumpul and decrease the number of poor and boost economic Belik. growth. When people already have jobs and Based on Population Census of the incomes, food security will increase. When this Central Bureau of Statistics in 2010, the total has been achieved, there will be price stability population in Pemalang Regency was 1,261,049 and create safe conditions. However, when the people. Pemalang Sub District as the Capital of number of jobs available is not sufficient, it will Pemalang Regency has the highest population of be a lot of unemployment and can increase social 172.822 people and then Taman Sub District is problems. Government as a representative of the 157.658 people. The high number of population public should anticipate this in order that in this two sub districts can be an asset in the essential function of government, which is to development of Pemalang Regency if the local maintain law and order, can still be achieved. government knows the best way to optimize the The government should empower the people so potential of the community. that people become self-sufficient and have the People of Wanarejan Utara Village, ability to compete as effort to sustain life. Taman Sub District, has initiated to do Law No. 32 Year 2004 about Local community development as one of the efforts to Governance states that the local administration is improve the community's economy and directed to accelerate the realization of public providing jobs. There is weaving production welfare through service improvement, activity using Non Machine Loom (ATBM: Alat empowerment, and community involvement, as Tenun Bukan Mesin) that ever reached the glory well as improving the competitiveness of the in 1995-1999. region by taking into account the principles of According to data from the Agency democracy, equality, justice, privilege and the for Community Empowerment and Family specialty of a region. Local governments should Planning Pemalang Regency in 2012, ATBM

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woven sarong Wanarejan Utara has 169 3. Regeneration (workforce needs are craftsmen with 7,171 labors. The main product increasing, but it is not supported by the produced in this industry is goyor sarong. preparation of young people to learn). The existence of the community 4. Production of woven sarong in Wanarejan activity that has been aged longer should provide Utara do not affects Pemalang Regency great benefits to community. Observation by the revenue yet. writer in apprenticeship activities showed that 5. Local Government is not optimal yet on the the living conditions of weavers in Wanarejan development and existence of woven sarong Utara is still simple. Community income from production activities in the village of this business is still under the Minimum Wages Wanarejan Utara. of Pemalang Regency. In addition, based on data The writer formulated some observation and from the Agency for Community Empowerment issues as follows. and Family Planning Pemalang Regency In 1. How does the process of community 2012, 61.27% or 4,497 weavers are over the age empowerment through woven sarong of 40 years. Young people (under 40 years) are production activity in Wanarejan Utara more interested in doing urbanization and Village? consider job as a weaving laborer is at a low 2. What are the inhibiting factors of the level. community empowerment through woven Production activity of woven sarong sarong production activity in Wanarejan has lasted long enough in the village of Utara Village and what are the efforts of Wanarejan Utara, but until now, the tools used to Pemalang Regency Government in produce woven sarongs are Non Machine Loom overcoming these barriers? (ATBM) which uses wood as raw material. Apprenticeship activity conducted by Operation of the manual ATBM makes the writer had several objectives, namely as inefficient production, as it takes a long time and follows. great effort which is 12-14 hours per day to 1. To find out the production process of woven produce only five sarongs per week. sarongs as a form of community According to data from the Regional empowerment in Wanarejan Utara Village. Office of Cooperative, Small and Medium 2. To find out the inhibiting factor in Enterprise, Industry and Trade Department production activity and find out the steps Pemalang Regency in 2010 that woven sarong of performed by Pemalang Regency Wanarejan Utara Village is 98% for export and Government in overcoming inhibiting only 2% for domestic distribution with value of factors of woven sarong production production Rp. 56.952.000.000,- (fifty six billion Wanarejan Utara Village. nine hundred and fifty two million rupiah). a. Could add and raise community However, when looking at the data of Pemalang awareness to increase investment Regency in 2010 GDP at Current Market Prices activities in order to accelerate based on Enterprise, Textiles Industry development and improve the local contribution, Leather and Footwear is only economy. 2.52%. This indicates that the export activity of b. As a follow up, community could apply woven sarong in Wanarejan Utara does not entrepreneurial activity in developing increase local revenue. the local economy either micro, small Based on the background above, it can and medium enterprises. be identified various problems that arose during c. The results of the apprenticeship were the observation and in apprenticeship location presented in scientific form so that it is are as follows. expected in enrich knowledge. 1. The absence of significant changes in social d. Could provide information to Pemalang welfare of community in Wanarejan Utara Regency Government in setting policies Village although woven sarong production both at the level of planning and has entered the export market. evaluation related to community 2. Production inefficiency due to lack of empowerment, especially in the technology transfer. economic development of community.

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II. THEORETICAL have to work together and helping people to help FOUNDATION themselves. According to Sumodiningrat in A. Empowerment Overview Kusmuljono (2009: 174): The word empowerment is derived from Empowerment community implies to the word “power” which got the prefix em - and develop, be autonomous, do self- suffix -ment. According to the Merriam - supporting, and strengthen the Webster Online Dictionary, “to empower” has bargaining position of the lower level two meanings. The first is to give power of community against the suppressive authority and the second meaning is to give forces in all areas and sectors of life. In ability to or enabled. In the first meaning, it is addition, it also means protecting and defined as the giving of power, transferring defending by targeting on the weak side power, or delegate authority to another party. to prevent unequal competition and While in the second meaning, it is interpreted as exploitation toward them. an attempt to provide the ability or empowerment. Furthermore Saraswati in Huraerah The definition of empowerment in (2009: 100) explains, accordance with the World Bank is the process Conceptually empowerment must of increasing the capacity of individuals or include the following six: groups to make choices and to transform those a. Learning by doing. choices into desired actions and outcomes. Empowerment is a process of According to Ginanjar Kartasasmita in learning things and there are some Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Konsep continuously concrete actions Pembangunan Yang Berakar Pada Masyarakat which the impact can be seen. (1997), the concept of community empowerment b. Problem solving. includes the notion of community development Empowerment should give a sense and community-based development. of crucial problem solving through According to Payne, the basic goal of the right the way in the right time. empowerment is social equity by giving peace to c. Self-evaluation. them as well as political and social equality Empowerment should be able to through efforts to help each other and learn push a person or group to evaluate through the small steps development in order to independently. achieve greater goals (Huraerah, 2009: 99). d. Self-development and coordinating. Empowering community is an effort to It means to push you to be able to increase the dignity of the lower level develop and coordinate relations community who is not able to escape from the with other parties more broadly. trap of poverty and underdevelopment. Huraerah e. Self-selection. (2008: 184) states that: Empowerment can be a group that In the perspective of the social work grows as election attempts and self- profession, the poor are those who assessment in determining the next experience social dysfunction. Because steps. they are unable to perform their main f. Self-decision. task well to fulfill the needs of their Empowerment should be possible family, such as: food, clothing, housing, to select appropriate actions and health, and education. This inability is should be based on the self- strongly related to factors of production. confidence in deciding something The poor generally do not have independently. sufficient production factors, such as: land, fund, or life skills. Kusmuljono (2009: 175) states that, Community empowerment can be done Empowering community means through: enabling and makes the people become a. Community institutional independent. Communities are actively involved development and assistance that in managing and organizing all the potential they

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serves to drive the total community people not to fall into a state of being weak participation; and marginalized. b. Extension serves to respond and monitor the changes taking place in e. Maintenance. community; Maintaining conducive conditions to keep a c. Service that serves as an controlling balance of power distribution between the element of physical and non - various groups in community. physical resources assets Empowerment must be able to ensure distribution precision that is needed harmony and balance that allows everyone by the community. to get a chance to try.

In Huraerah (2009: 102-103), Robert Community empowerment is not to Chamber argues that empowerment is a make people become increasingly dependent on economic development concept that summarizes a variety of charity programs because, basically, the social values. This concept reflects the new what is enjoyed must be produced for the self- paradigm of development which is people- effort. Thus, the ultimate goal is make the centered, participatory, empowering, and community independent, enable and develop the sustainable. ability to advance them toward a sustainable and responsible better life.

The process of community B. Overview of the Community empowerment can be done by: According to Koentjaraningrat (2009: a. Possibility. 115-118), Creating an atmosphere that allows the Society in terms of English is derived potential of the community to develop from the Latin word socius meaning optimally. Empowerment should be able to companion. The term community is free the community from the inhibiting derived from the Arabic word syaraka structural and the cultural barriers. meaning participating. Society is a group of people who get along with b. Reinforcement. each other, in scientific terms is Strengthening the knowledge and interacting. A group can have a unified capabilities of the community in solving the infrastructure through its citizens that problem and meeting their needs. can interact with each other. Empowerment should be able to develop all the skills and confidence to support Another definition, the community is community self-reliance. the unity of human life that interacts according to a particular system of c. Protection. customs continuously, and is bound by Protect the community, especially the poor a sense of shared identity. so as not oppressed by powerful groups, to avoid unequal (especially unhealthy) Continuity is a public entity that has competition between the strong and the four characteristics: 1) The interaction weak, and to prevent exploitation of the between its citizens, 2) Customs, 3) strong against the weak group. Continuity of time, 4) Strong sense of Empowerment should be directed on the identity that binds all citizens. elimination of all kinds of discrimination and domination that are not profitable the According to Arthur Hillman, a poor. definition of community must be inclusive enough to take account of the variety of both d. Support. physical and social forms of community take Provide guidance and support so that people (Abdulsyani, 2012: 30). can carry out the role and duties of life. Quoted from the book entitled Empowerment must be able to support the Pengantar Ilmu Sosial by Supardan (2009: 136),

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according to Campbell, community is an integral is activities to produce goods or services or part of human life characteristics. People need activities to add benefit value or utility of a each other to survive and to live as a human. product (Agung, 2008:9). The World Book According to Soekanto (2012: 133), Encyclopedia describes the production as the Community is the people who live in an first step in the series of economic process that area (geographic) with certain bring goods and services to people. boundaries where the main basic factor According to Gilarso (2001:125) is greater interaction among members production can be interpreted as an attempt to compared with the interaction with the create or add the economic benefit of an object people outside borders. with the purpose to satisfy human needs, while Community has the principal the person, enterprise, or organization that characteristics, namely: produces goods and services are called a. People who live together. producers. b. Mixed for a quite long time. From the definitions above, it is clear c. They realize that they constitute a that production activities have objectives that unity. include: d. They constitute a system of living a. Produce goods or services. together. b. Increase the utility value of goods or services. Community is a big or a small group c. Increasing prosperity of society. consisting of several human naturally bound in d. Increase profits. group and becomes a social system that e. Expanding the field of business. influences each other (Shadily in Supardan, Based on the definitions and purposes 2009: 136). of production, humans, indeed, are trying to get According to Abu Ahmadi in what their needs well or approaching prosperity. Abdulsyani (2012: 32), the community must Production activities require the needed elements have the following requirements: required called production factors. Production a. There should be a group of human and factors are the resources used in a process of should be a lot, instead of collecting the production of goods and services (Agung, animals. 2008:10). b. Was residing for a long time in a certain Totally, there are currently five things area. considered as the factors of production, namely c. There are rules or laws that regulate them labor, capital, physical resources, toward common goals and interests. entrepreneurship, and resource information. Five things which are considered as the factors of According to Abdulsyani (2012: 30), production according to Ricky W. Griffin in his people as a community can be viewed from two book entitled Business: perspectives, namely: a. Physical resources a. Viewed the community as a static element, Physical production factor is all the which means that it is formed in an wealth of the universe and other organization or a place with certain limits. raw materials that can be used in b. Viewed the community as a dynamic the production process. It is element, which means that it is formed including the soil, water, and raw through the process that involves materials. psychological factors and human relationships. b. Labor Labor is human production factor that directly or indirectly carry out production activities. C. Overview of Production c. Capital In simple terms, the production means Capital is goods or equipments that to produce goods or services. According to the can be used to carry out the Economic Sciences, the definition of production production process.

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a. Productive land territory, location, d. Entrepreneurship area and boundaries which are Entrepreneurship factor is a skill or named geographical environment. ability that a person uses in b. Inhabitant, population, population coordinating the factors of growth, population distribution and production. livelihoods. c. Life style, the pattern of interaction e. Information Resource and bonding between villagers Information resource is all the data including the ins and outs of village that the company needs to run its life. business. (Source: http://id.wikipedia.org. In general, the characteristics of rural Production. 9th of January, 2014). life can be identified as follows: a. Community has a homogeneous nature of D. Overview of the Village the livelihood, the values of the culture, as Quoted from the book written by well as in attitudes and behavior. Wasistiono (2006:7) entitled Prospek b. Village life emphasizes family members as Perkembangan Desa, the word desa in Indonesia economic units, which means that all family was first discovered by Mr. Herman Warner members participate jointly in fulfilling the Muntinghe, a Dutch and a member of Raad van economic needs of the family. Indie during British colonial rule. c. Geographical factor is very influential over The word desa itself comes from the the existing life. For example, the Indian language swadeshi which means the place attachment of family members to their of origin, place of residence, country of origin, or village or hometown. ancestral land refer to the unity of life, with a d. A more intimate and durable relationships unit norm, and has clear boundary (Wasistiono, among members of the community, 2006:7). comparing to the people in the city. Village, according to Widjaja in his book entitled Otonomi Desa (2003:3) states that E. Overview of Relevant Normative about the village is a public entity that has legal rights the Phenomena based on the original composition of the origins Overview of relevant normative about of which it is privileged. The basic thoughts for investigated and observed phenomena: the administration of the village are diversity, a. The Constitution of the Republic of participation, genuine autonomy, Indonesia Year 1945 Article 27 Paragraph democratization, and empowerment. (2). Unang Soenardjo in Hanif (2011:4) Every citizen has the right to work and defines village as follows: decent living for humanity. The village is a whole community based b. The Constitution of the Republic of on indigenous and customary law that Indonesia Year 1945 Article 28C Paragraph are settled in a particular boundaries (1). area; has strong outer and inner ties Every person has the right to develop because of collateral or has the same themselves through the fulfillment of basic political, economic, social, and security needs, education and to obtain the benefits interest; selected board of management of science and technology, arts and culture, in togetherness; has a certain amount of in order to improve the quality of life and wealth and the right to conduct its own for the welfare of mankind. domestic affairs. c. Law No. 32 Year 2004 about Local Governance Article 1 Paragraph (12). According to Bintarto in Wasistiono Village or called other names, hereinafter (2006:10), there are three elements that make up referred to as the village, is the unity of the a system that moves related and intertwined from legal community who have boundaries that a village, namely: are authorized to regulate and manage the interests of the local community, based on

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the origin and local customs that are b) foster and develop the capabilities recognized and respected in the system of of Micro, Small and Medium government of the Republic of Indonesia. Enterprises as to become strong and d. Law No. 11 Year 2005 about Legalization of independent; the International Covenant on Economic, c) increasing the role of Micro, Small Social and Cultural Rights. and Medium Enterprises in regional Namely the right to a standard of living development , employment adequate. creation, even income, economic e. Law No. 20 Year 2008 about Small, Micro growth, and poverty eradication of and Medium Enterprises the people. f. Regulation of the Minister of Internal 1. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Affairs No. 7 Year 2007 about Cadre of are based on: Community Empowerment. a) family; a. Community empowerment is a strategy b) economic democracy; used in the development of community c) togetherness; as an effort to create the capabilities and d) the efficiency of justice; independence in community, nation, e) continuously; and state life. f) environmental; b. Community and Rural/Urban g) independence; Empowerment is an attempt to leverage h) the balance of progress; and the power and independence of rural i) the unity of the national economy. and urban communities that include 2. The purpose of Micro, Small, and economic, socio-cultural, political and Medium Enterprises is to grow and environmental aspects through develop their business in order to build strengthening the rural and urban national economy based on fair governments, community organizations economic democracy. and efforts in community capacity 3. The principles of empowerment of building. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: g. Government Regulation No. 72 Year 2005 a) growing independence, unity, and about Village. entrepreneurship of Micro, Small h. Pemalang Regency Regulation No. 16 Year and Medium Enterprises to work 2006 about Guidelines for Preparation of with own initiative; Organization and Work Management of b) the implementation of transparent , Village Government (Pemalang Regency accountable , and equitable public Gazette No. 16 Year 2006). policy; i. Pemalang Regency Regulation No. 17 Year c) business development based on 2006 about Village Consultative Body local potential and market-oriented (Pemalang District Gazette No. 17 Year areas in accordance with the Micro, 2006). Small and Medium Enterprises competence; III. ANALYSIS AND d) improving the competitiveness of RECOMMENDATION Micro, Small and Medium A. Analysis Enterprises; e) the implementation of the planning, 1. Community Empowerment in Woven execution, and control in an Sarong Production Activity in integrated manner. Wanarejan Utara Village 4. The purpose of empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: World Bank defines empowerment as a) embodies a balanced, developing, the process of increasing the capacity of and fair structure of the national individuals or groups to make choices and to economy; transform them into desired actions and outcomes. If the definition is applied in

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community context, it indicates that the Woven sarong production activity in community has able to make decision based on Wanarejan Utara Village had been going on the provided options. Of course, the chosen since in the 1930s. But, community welfare level option is the one that bring advantages and still shows insignificant change. The followings benefits for the community. are the results of data analysis about weaver Empowering community also means welfare in Wanarejan Utara Village based on the ability in increasing community economy level research of Regional Office of Cooperative, and dignity (in which they are still trapped in Small and Medium Enterprise, Industry, and poverty and underdevelopment) to be capable Trade Department Pemalang Regency in and independent by strengthening community collaboration with Satya Wacana Christian potential or capacity with the result that University Central Java (the sample was atmosphere which enable the community to 500 woven labors). develop a better life will be created. Table 5.1 The Analysis Result of Weaver Welfare Level

No Indicator The Analysis Result of Weaver Welfare Level

1 2 3

1 Economy Less

2 Health Enough

3 Education Less

4 Skill Good

5 Housing Less

6 Environment Enough

7 Politics Good

Source: Regional Office of Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang Regency, 2013 Community is indeed capable and The table shows that community independent in doing the work, but they do not economic level was still not prosperous yet. The get welfare standards (one indicator is weaving communities of Wanarejan Utara Village are wages under the Regency Minimum Wages of labors. So they just get a wage, not income from Pemalang). Here is an illustration that the writer product sales profits. made to describe the state of weaver community.

Picture 5.1 The Illustration of Collectors and Weaver Community Relationship

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in Wanarejan Utara Village Collectors as enterpreuneurs

Community as labors

The points of the illustration above are: Community empowerment is not only First, collectors as woven sarong seen capable and independent, but it also means employers conducting distribution and export, protecting and defending by targeting the poor, had been done the exploitation toward the labors. to prevent unequal competition and exploitation The collectors provided raw materials and asked of the poor. In this case, it is clear that people in for production. But then, the labors were low- Wanarejan Utara Village who worked as labors paid (under the Regency Minimun Wages of for a long time, have been exploited in terms of Pemalang) and worked for a long working time their skill with low wages under the standard and (12-14 hours per day). did not enjoy production profit result. Sumodiningrat in Kusmuljono Second, the number of collectors was (2009:174) states that, very small compared with the number of Community empowerment implies to Wanarejan Utara people who become labors. develop, be independent, self-support, Besides, the collectors did not come from and strengthen the bargaining position Pemalang Regency. But, the community had not of the lower level community against done anything so far. Why? the suppressive forces in all areas and To answer the question above, the sectors of life. In addition, it also writer had done the analysis of interview result means protecting and defending by with 50 labors. The following is the result. targeting the poor, to prevent unequal competition and exploitation of the poor. Table 5.2 Interview Result toward 50 Weaving Labors Question: until now, why people want to give their woven sarong production result and become low paid labors?

Number of Percentage Description people

1 2 3

35 people 70 % Responded that they do not know how to sell their woven sarong. All they know is just how to make it.

9 people 18 % Responded that they do not want to get troublesome.

6 people 12% Responded that they just need money to buy some food.

Village did not know how to sell the product so From the result above, it can be that they only had the chance to be merely concluded that the people of Wanarejan Utara labors.

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Subejo and Narimo in Mardikanto they did not have a network that allows to do (2013:31) argue that: marketing. Stalled process from production to The process of community distribution was due to the ignorance of the empowerment is a deliberate effort to community in managing production. So far, facilitate local communities in people were never been taught how to manage planning, deciding and managing production and marketing. Public only knew owned local resources by the collective hereditary weaving process to produce sarong in action and networking, so that in the herited from their family. In addition, the high end they have the ability and dropout rate weavers made community independence economically, increasingly blind to it. ecologically and socially.

People in Wanarejan Utara Village already utilized all available resources through collective action to produce woven sarong, but

Picture 5.2 The Illustration of Miss-Processing Woven Sarong Production of Wanarejan Utara People

Raw materials Collectors

Production Distribution X

The people of Wanarejan Utara only do the production

process without knowing the origin of raw materials and product distribution just take it. About the transport cost and things that going on in there have Disconnection between production and been conditioned by woven sarong distribution should be concerned by all collectors. We just come and take the governments, Pemalang Regency in particular. If raw materials which are thread from the distribution of production of woven sarong is Bandung and dye from …” properly managed, then the profit can be used as (Sutinah, 52 years, Craftsmen, development capital for the community itself. interview on 9th of Februari 2014). There is other relationship that occurs from inputs and processes (production), which is Such dependence structure will not be the supply of raw materials. The people in able to increase the capacity and quality of Wanarejan Utara Village who worked as labor, Wanarejan Utara community because it will did not know the origin of the raw material. They deny independence, and in the long run will just got it from the craftsmen who confessed that never be profitable. Dependence will only be the raw material derives from Bandung and dispensed to ensure fairness and equality when Pekalongan on collector order. development strategies are implemented by ”We (craftsmen) get the raw materials community development pattern, not merely from Bandung and Pekalongan, but we economic development. The entry of Woven Sarong or Goyor Sarong ATBM Wanarejan Utara Village as a

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main product of OVOP Pemalang Regency can economic entity should be directed to the be an improvement key to the process of cooperative form. However, for the group and its community empowerment. There should be an members, they should be completely prepared in improvement in terms of organizing or order that cooperatives form can heartily support managerial order so that profit from the sarong efforts to increase the member business activities sale can be enjoyed by the community and can which are carried out jointly. In this case, the also increase local income, especially Pemalang role of government, especially Pemalang Regency. Thus, the best solution should be Regency Government, is truly needed for discussed to overcome this case. creating reliable management. Cooperative can be the best solution of In addition to the above, the factors of the aforementioned problems. Cooperative is an production are also important to be investigated organization of people's economy, which is so that development production can continue specifically stated in the constitution as a wake- running. Quoting from http://id.wikipedia.org, up effort, is most appropriate for economic five things considered as factors of production by democracy in Indonesia. Cooperative can be an Ricky W. Griffin in his book Business published effective vehicle for community empowerment, by Pearson Education Business are: building a modern human but emphasizes the a. Physical Resources capitalamentals of kinship and mutual Physical production factor is all the wealth cooperation that characterize democracy in of the universe and other raw materials Indonesia. that can be used in the production process. Cooperative should be targeted for the It is included soil, water, and raw development of community groups that have materials. been able to go beyond the initial stage of cooperation and working together in groups, Physical production factor used in woven such as the Wanarejan Utara people have done sarong production activity in Wanarejan so far. The formalization of the group as an Utara Village are the followings:

Table 5.3 Physical Production Factors of Woven Sarong Production in Wanarejan Utara

No Name Function

1 2 3

1 Tree Fiber The raw material of thread making

2 Water Dye mixer and thread/sarong washer

3 Soil Waste disposal

Source: Regional Office of Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang Regency, 2010 and Transport Cost that a location is The main raw material is rayon 60/2, considered profitable if it has shrinkage rayon 40/2 and the dye that should be value in the lowest transporting process delivered from Pekalongan and Bandung. and the cheapest transport costs. This weakness should also be reconsidered, because the farther the place of raw materials production, the greater b. Labor the cost of transportation that should be Labor is a human production factor that spent as a component of production cost. directly and indirectly carries out As noted in the Theory of Weight Loss production activities.

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Labor of woven sarong production In the woven sarong production activity activity in Wanarejan Utara itself was Wanarejan Utara Village, they still used composed of 169 craftsmen and 7,171 traditional tools made of wood that are labors. However, the constraint was that operated manually. The tools were made 61.27% (4,497 people) who works as by weavers and have been used for weavers aged over 40 years and 40.67% generations. The materials used are (2,985 people) had never attended formal usually teak. The operation was not education though the age of the workforce required special skill and could be learned will be directly proportional to the level of by everyone. The frequent use of these production. tools would make a person skilled. The tools that are used in woven sarong production process in Wanarejan Utara c. Capital village are as follows. Capital is goods or equipments that can be used to do the production process.

Table 5.4 The Used Tools in Woven Sarong Production Process

No Name Amount Material Note 1 2 3 4 5 1 ATBM 5.035 Wood Manually 2 Bum 592 Wood Manually 3 Lerek 703 Wood Manually 4 Keteng 824 Wood Manually Source: Regional Office of Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang Regency, 2010 information system the people can d. Entrepreuneurship increase market demand and open up new Entrepreneurship is a skill used by business opportunities that has the effect someone in coordinating production on the quantity of production. This factor factors. also has to be concerned by Pemalang It is in this aspect that the deficiency in Regency Government. woven sarong production Wanarejan Utara Village exists. In other words, a Based on the explanation above, the figure who becomes the coordinator in writer analyzed the strategic planning of managing the factors of production and development activities in the production of goods produced was still absent. woven sarong Wanarejan Utara Village. In this Collectors, who are in fact not the analysis, the writer used a model of non-scoring villagers of Wanarejan Utara, were the SWOT analysis based on the observation. SWOT people who play an important role in analysis is first introduced by Albert Humphrey. providing raw materials and product It is an acronym from Strength, Weakness, distribution. Opportunity, and Threat. It is a method of strategic planning by evaluating all of four e. Information Resources components. The following is SWOT analysis Information resources contain all of the about woven sarong production activity in data needed by the company to run the Wanarejan Utara Village. business. The development of information system has never occurred to the people in the village of Wanarejan Utara. It is with the

Tabel 5.5

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SWOT Analysis on Woven Sarong Production Wanarejan Utara

HELPFUL HARMFUL 1 2 3 Factor Strengths Weaknesses 1. Good quality product. 1. Minimum capital. 2. Skilled labors. 2. Raw material that should be delivered 3. Centralized. from Bandung and Pekalongan. 4. Quite long enterprise experience. 3. Regeneration (the need of great number of 5. Export segmented. labors, but it is not supported by the 6. Supporting location (strategic near readiness of young generation who are I to the Capital of Regency and willing to learn). N Pantura Road). 4. Production inefficiency, especially in T motive making process (still using raffia E fibre manually). R 5. Technology that is still left behind. N 6. Less enterprise diversification. A 7. Unorganized waste management. L 8. Low wages. 9. Community cooperation has not been formed yet. 10. There is not management information system yet.

1 2 3 Opportunities Threats 1. Woven Sarong Goyor as OVOP of 1. Limited raw materials. Pemalang Regency. 2. Many competitors especiallymanufacturer E 2. Assistance Program from the sarong. X Government. 3. Cooperative still has not become an T 3. Domestic market that has not been umbrella for the enterpreuneurs. E touched yet. 4. The demand in increasing labor wage. R N 4. The development of Wanarejan A Utara Village to be a Tourism L Village (Desa Wisata). 5. The coming of investors.

Based on the SWOT analysis, the writer described SWOT strategy in the table below.

Table 5.6 SWOT Strategy of Woven Sarong Production Wanarejan Utara Based on SWOT Analysis of Woven Sarong Production Wanarejan Utara

SO Strategy WO Strategy (Strength-Opportunity) (Weakness-Opportunity) 1 2 Strategic Plan: Strengthening the quality of Strategic Plan: Compiling strategic management products to expand production. in minimizing production factors to develop the production.

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Strategies: Strategies : a. Increasing woven sarong product quality a. Inviting the investors to cover capital and raw as the main product OVOP Pemalang materials deficiencies, and also to increase the regency and developing local or domestic wages (W1, W2, W8; O5). market (S1; O1, O3). b. Developing information system and b. Utilizing central group as Desa Wisata production quality guarantor to penetrate development (S3; O4). domestic market (W10; O3). c. Utilizing the location which is quite near c. Increasing ATBM industry and cooperative the Capital of Regency to get assistance empowerment information access in from the government (S6; O2). Cooperative Ministry and other d. Utilizing export segmented quality to Ministriesprograms to develop Desa Wisata penetrate domestic market (S5: O3). (W9; O4). e. Developing enterpreuneurship to increase d. Increasing product diversification from OVOP market, skill of the members, technology, development persfective (W6; O1). and cooperation synergy with the third e. Utilizing government assistance to provide party (S2; O5). labors, raw materials, and waste processing management, also skill training (W2, W3, W4, W7; O2). 1 2 ST Strategy WT Strategy (Strength-Threat) (Weakness-Threat) Strategic Plan: Compiling strategic Strategic Plan: Compiling strategic management management in increasing quality to develop in minimizing production factors to face the a better production. challenge. Strategies : Strategi es: a. Utilizing the strategic location to build a. Increasing capital ans raw materials access to production cooperative (S5; T3). draw up scarcity by the help of information b. Maintaining export market to face system and cooperative managerial (W1, W2, manufacturer competitors (S5; T2). W9, W10; T1). c. Increasing the skill quality of labors with b. Utilizing fun management in cooperative by proper wages (S2;T4). pressuring the quantity of labors to pas community wages (W3, W9: T4). 1 2 d. Increasing enterprise experience in order c. Increasing production effectivity by to be able to identify raw materials (S4; implementing technology shift and product T1). diversification to face market rivarly (W4, W5, W6: T2). d. Maximizing community regeneration that has good quality and preparing information system also quality guarantor to develoip cooperative (W3, W9, W10; T3) e. Increasing ATBM and cooperative empowerment information access in Cooperative Ministry and other Ministries programs (W9; T3).

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2. Inhibiting Factors of interview session on 20th of February 2014 is as Community Empowerment follow: Process in Woven Sarong Production Activity in Wanarejan Utara Village “The absence of investors who invest in Wanarejan Utara for woven sarong production is because the ATBM A woven sarong production activity in woven sarong Wanarejan Utara has not Wanarejan Utara Village has been running for a been promoted by the Pemalang long time which is since 1930s and continuously Regency Government as the main from one generation to the next generation. It product. The election of this woven made the community become skillful in making sarong as OVOP of Pemalang Regency woven sarong known as Goyor Sarong. is expected to bring in more investors Along with the election of Wanarejan who can build Wanarejan Utara Utara ATBM woven sarong as a OVOP main Village starting in 2014. In this year, product in Pemalang regency and welcoming the the local government will start ASEAN Free Trade 2015, Pemalang Regency promoting ATBM woven sarong Government needs to identify the factors the Wanarejan Utara as the main product factors that inhibit woven sarong production in of Pemalang Regency that is expected order that it can be able to compete in world to open up investment opportunities trade. The existence of woven sarong production that can assist the development in will give effect for the community in Wanarejan Pemalang Regency. The expected Utara Village because most of them are weavers. development is not only about physic, The following are the analysis based but also about developing community on collected data and observation during welfare of Wanarejan Utara apprenticeship program about the factors that continually…” inhibit woven sarong production in Wanarejan Utara Village, Taman Sub District, Pemalang Although the production value of Regency. woven sarong per year reaches First, capital becomes the main Rp.56.952.000.000, - (fifty six billion nine problem of stagnation in woven sarong hundred and fifty two thousand rupiah) with the production in Wanarejan Utara. The low capital investment value about Rp.20.230.405.000, - was happened because there was no investor who (twenty billion two hundred and thirty thousand invests in Wanarejan Utara Village and due to four hundred and five thousand rupiah), thos the low income people that caused the inability prices could not influence the local income of to perform activities of an investment. Pemalang Regency. The ensuing is Gross According to the Head Devision of Domestic Regional Product of Pemalang Investment, in Licensing and Intergrated Regency based on work field for processing Services Office of Pemalang Regency in industry on the basis of price 2010-2012. Table 5.7 Gross Domestic Regional Product of Pemalang Regency based on Work Field for Processing Industry on the Basis of Price 2010-2012 (in million rupiah)

No Processing Industry 2010 2011 2012 1 2 3 4 5 1 Oil and Natural Gas Industry - - - a. Oil mill - - - b. Natural liquid gas - - - 2 Non oil and natural gas industry 1.663.912,10 1.882.701,77 2.079.435,48 a. Food, drink, and tobacco 1.459.405,68 1.648.422,00 1.815.938,40 b. Textile, leather product, and footwear 200.693,27 230.095,32 258.819,43 c. Wood product

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d. Paper and printing product 2.931,09 3.190,15 3.546,96 e. Anorganic fertilizer and rubber 340,44 357,27 403,24 product - - - f. Cement and non metal produtct g. Iron and steel - - - h. Machine and its equipments - - - i. Other products - - - 541,62 637,04 727,46 Gross Domestic Regional Product of 7.961.378,41 8.859.721,50 9.771.666,56 Pemalang Regency

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics Pemalang Regency 2013

The following is the percentage table of Gross Domestic Regional Product based on work field for processing industry on the basis of price in Pemalang Regency year 2010-2012. Tabel 5.8 Precentage Distribution of Brutto Regional Local Income based on Work Field for Processing Industry on the Basis of Price in Pemalang Regency 2010-2012

No Processing Industry 2010 2011 2012 1 2 3 4 5 1 Oil and Natural Gas Industry - - - a. Oil mill - - - b. Natural liquid gas - - - 2 Industry non oil and natural gas 20,90 21,25 21,28 1. Food, drink, and tobacco 18,33 18,61 18,58 2. Textile, leather product, and footwear 2,52 2,60 2,65 3. Wood product 4. Paper and printing product 0,04 0,04 0,0 5. Anorganic fertilizer and rubber product 0,00 0,00 0,00 6. Cement and non metal produtct - - - 7. Iron and steel 8. Machine and its equipments - - - 9. Other products ------0,01 0,01 0,01 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics Pemalang Regency 2013

Based on the data above, textile Local Income of Pemalang Regency whereas the industry, leather product, and footwear increased value of production per year for the year 2010 2, 52% in 2010 which was Rp.200.693,27, and 2, reached Rp.56.952.000.000, - (fifty six billion 60% in 2011 which was Rp.230.095,32 and 2, nine hundred fifty two million rupiah). 65% in 2012 which was Rp.258.819,43. Importation of commodities that The woven sarong of Pemalang contributed to the textile industry, leather goods Regency has been exported to the Middle East and footwear up to 2013 according to the but no one knows that the product is originally Department of Revenue, Finance and Asset made from Pemalang regency because woven Management District Pemalang were: sarong of Wanarejan Utara Village was not 1. Garments Products and Convection in included as contributed commodity because for Comal Sub District. all of this time woven sarong in Wanarejan Utara 2. Convection in Ulujami Sub District. Village is not included into contributed 3. Pemalang Batik in Taman Sub District. commodity toward income or Brutto Regional 4. Bags in Randudongka Sub Districtl.

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5. Socks in Pemalang Sub District. is the collector who will do the ATBM Woven Sarong Wanarejan packing until exporting to overseas. Utara Village was not contributed towards This makes the production of woven revenue or Gross Domestic Regional Product of sarong keep running until now ... Pemalang Regency because: "(Abdul Hadi, 62 years, Weaver). There was no woven sarong collector in Wanarejan Utara Village. Woven sarong The lack of organization or good collectors came from and . It can management in managing the production of be said that the people residing in Wanarejan woven sarong in Wanarejan Utara Village. The Utara Village are 100% just labors. The people of Wanarejan Utara Village only did the craftsmen did not perform activities of production process with a free of charge given distribution and export activities so that revenue raw materials. So the profit from the sale of from the sale of these sarong (both domestic woven sarong can not be perceived by the public. market and overseas) were not deposited into the However, local government had not been too loca treasury. It is this weakness that becomes concerned about it, so it is not taken seriously the major obstacle for local governments, and considered of no importance. In fact, if it is especially the Pemalang Regency Government. managed well, the profit of woven sarong As the explanation from Head of Regional Office Wanarejan Utara Village can increase the of Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, revenue of Pemalang Regency and can be used Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang for the development process. The following is Regency (interview on 16th of February, 2014). the explanation from Head of Regional Office of "So far, we monitored in the field, the Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, people in Wanarejan Utara just as Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang labors but they do not have factory or Regency on February 16, 2014. industry. Woven sarong is still a small "Actually, if the production of woven industry. So, despite being exported, it sarong is well managed by its own was done by someone else. Not on management e.g. through cooperative behalf of the community in Wanarejan production, the advantage of the Utara. They work for the collectors who production can be more real and gave them raw materials and wages via directly perceived by the community. the craftsmen. It is ironic indeed, but Unfortunately, people still depend on little by little, the government has begun collectors from the outside and the to pay attention to these things ...” lack of organizational skills of the people themselves... " People in Wanarejan Utara Village depositing woven sarong in raw form (not Second, the inefficiency of production branded and wrapped). They depositing the becomes the second inhibiting in enhancing woven sarong to craftsmen in a big sack and the community empowerment Wanarejan Utara to products were just folded and then rolled into do woven sarong production activities. one. By craftsmen, those sacks of sarong bags Inefficiencies occured in the manufacturing were sold to collectors, and only the collectors, process where weavers must tie the thread by for export. So the ones who had trademarks were using raffia fiber one by one and then released it collectors, not craftsmen or labors in Wanarejan back one by one. In addition, the technology Utara Village. As stated by a weaver based on used is very simple. If we quoting the definition interview on February 10, 2014. of efficient according to Indonesian Dictionary compiled by WJS Poerwadarminta, efficient "We (craftsmen) received community- means careful, do not waste energy and time, made sarong in sacks. We provide most suitable and appropriate for a given wage calculated per sarong. Later, the purpose. It can be said that inefficiency has the collector will take the sarongsacks. So opposite meaning in this case. we can say that we sell sarong to There are seven types of inefficiencies collectors, and collectors buy sarong that are often found in business processes from us, but collectors will also (Kusmuljono, 2009: 158), they are over- provide raw materials to us for free. It

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production, movement, waiting for group in this village ... "(Abdul, 59 transportation, extra processing, inventory, and years, Weaving Labor) damaged or defective. In an effort to maximize efficiency, efforts should be made continuously; "Being weavers are parents work. so that production which is carried out by the Young people go to the cities looking community can take advantage of the resources for better money and work much better as well as possible. although my current job salary also Third, the low regeneration (youth does not amount to much. Labor’s interest) currently due to be a labor considered wage is very low whereas the work low and not classy occupation though the job hour is almost a full day or almost they got in the city is not necessarily generate every time. Less money to meet day- income above the income or wages of weavers, to-day life. Only a mediocre alone ... as the narrative below. "(Andi, 23 years old, Store Employee). "Nowadays, young weaver is very difficult to find. In fact, if they are The writer was also conducting a trained properly, it can increase the survey to 50 students of Junior High School production value. Most young people (SMP) which are the villager of Wanarejan Utara would rather go to the city to find and they have Wanarejan parents as weavers. work: being an office or factory This activity was intended to determine how employee. So that leaves the elderly much interest to work as weavers motivated by their parents, with the results shown below.

Table 5.9 The Interview Result to 50 Junior High School Students in Wanarejan Utara

Question 1: Do you want to be a weaver?

a. Yes b. No Question 2: If yes, why?

a. Like/interest/hobby/objection b. There is no other option besides weaver c. Other reason Question 3: If no, why?

a. Want to continue education b. Want to a get a better job rather than just become a weaver c. Other reason Number of Percentage Description People

1 2 3

30 people 60 % Answer no because they want to get a better job rather than jus become weavers

17 people 34 % Answer yes because there is no othe option besides weaver

3 people 10 % Not filled

better than being weavers. That who answered Although their parents worked as yes 30% was not based on the likes, interests, weavers, but 60% choose to look for another job hobbies, or aspirations to become weavers, but

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they had no other choice. After the writer studied Source: Regional Office of Cooperative, about it more deeply, those who answered yes Small and Medium Enterprise, Industry, because they did not intend to continue their and Trade Department Pemalang Regency, education to a higher level such as high school, January 2014 college, and so on. Qualified labor will produce good Although by craftsmen, the wages of quality product as well if supported by all labors had been raised, but still the given wage is components of the factors of production. The still below the Minimum Wage set by the resulting product will determine the resale value. Governor of Central Java. This has become a The more quality the product then the price will problem for people who work as weavers. On the be higher because the demand is growing. community side, they want their wages raised, at But what happened in Wanarejan least according to the Minimum Wage of Utara Village was not like that. Good quality Pemalang Regency, but on the side of the woven sarong had no effect on wages. Labor craftsmen and collectors, they raised objections wages which was under the Minimum Wage of considering the high price of raw materials and Pemalang Regency should be given serious distribution costs. Here is the explanation from consideration by local government; especially of one of the craftsmen and labors. the government of Pemalang Regency because of “The low wages from making a woven the amount of weaver is 7,171 people (70.02% of sarong should be increased because all the people of Wanarejan Utara). the prices are now rising. Our wage is In connection with the issuance of two hundred twenty five thousand Central Java Governor Decree No. 560/60 Year rupiah every week that can only be 2013 About Minimum Wage in 35 used to eat and pay for electricity to Regencies/Cities in Central Java in 2014, then weaving. Not to mention the children's the minimum wage change, which is for school fees. To produce sarong Pemalang Regency becomes Rp.1.066.000,- requires a lot of effort and time. This /month or one million sixty six thousand rupiah should be considered. Sometimes we, per month. the labors, want to strike, but if we do The Head of Regional Office of not make sarong, then what will be Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, eaten by our familiy...” (Tarmiyati, 59 Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang years, Labor). Regency mentions, for weaving labor the wages only increased Rp. 5,000,- from Rp. 40,000,- in "If people want their wages raised, 2013 to Rp. 45,000,- in 2014. So, for a monthly frankly we object we have to pay wage will be Rp.900.000,- in 2014 from Rp. hundreds of people. Maybe that will be 800,000,- in 2013. Further outlined will be chosed in the end of the path is to explained in the following table. replace human labor by electrified Table 5.10 machine. But there will be a lot of The Changes of Weaving Labor Wages in unemployment. We also do not know 2013 and 2014 what to do. Local government should be more sensitive to these things ...” Wage October January (M.Syukron, 68 years, Craftsmen) 2013 2014 1 2 3 "I hope the Pemalang Regency Wage per 40.000 45.000 Government understands our concerns sarong especially about wages that are still (Rp) very low, because we worked all day Wage per 200.000 225.000 and had been working for a long time. week (Rp) Hopefully, there is an increase in Wage per 800.000 900.000 wages this year because the rumour month says that woven sarong will be (Rp) promoted by the local government ...” (Siti, 48 years, Labor).

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through iupgrading, service, empowerment, and 3. Pemalang Regency community involvement, as well as improving Government Efforts in the competitiveness of the region by taking into Overcoming Inhibiting account the principles of democracy, equality, Factors of Community justice, privilege and specificity of a region. Empowerment Process in Woven Sarong Production With the issuance of Central Java Activity in Wanarejan Governor Instruction No. 518/23546 Year 2011 Utara Village about Village Featured Product Development through One Village One Product (OVOP) Kusmuljono (2009:175) states that Approach-based Cooperative in Central Java community empowerment can be done through: Province, the government of Pemalang Regency a. Community Institutional development and in July 2013 issued Regent Pemalang Instruction synchronization that serves to drive the total No. 58/1/Year 2013 about Village Featured community participation; Product Development through One Village One b. Extension serves to respond to and monitor Product (OVOP) Approach-based Cooperative in changes in the community; Pemalang Regency. c. Service that serves as an element of the controlling precision of the distribution of The government of Pemalang regency physical and non-physical resources assets had chosen Goyor Sarong Wanarejan Utara as needed by the community. one of the OVOP flagship products of Pemalang Regency so that development planning activity In accordance with Law No. 32 Year has been begun in mid-2013 and coaching in 2004 about Local Government, that the 2014 onwards. Below is a table of the implementation of loval government is directed development planning of goyor sarong to accelerate the realization of public welfare Wanarejan Utara as OVOP main product of Pemalang Regency. Table 5.11 The Development Planning of Goyor Sarong Wanarejan Utara as OVOP Main Product in Pemalang Regency

No Step Plan Description Time 1 2 3 4 1 Planning a. Initial investigation 2013 b. Program determining c. Making coordinasi with related institution d. Offering 2 Offering 2013 3 Decision 2013 4 Implementation a. Waste disposal management development 2013 b. Elucidation 2014 c. Promotion 2014 d. Other infrastructure reparation 2015 1 2 3 4 e. Cooperative establishment 2015 f. Making internship with other parties 2015 g. Marketing development 2015 5 Evaluation 2014-2015 Source: Regional Office of Cooperative, Small, and Medium Enterprise, Industry and Trade Department Pemalang Regency, 2013

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As the first act of the early assessment program d. Opportunity of production cooperative and on the development of woven sarong Wanarejan savings and loans cooperative establishment. Utaran, then in mid-2013 October 2013 to e. Testing the soil water content and December 2013 approximately, the Regional contamination possibility of waste fabric. Office of Cooperative, Small, and Medium Enterprise, Industry and Trade Department Regional Office of Cooperative, Small, Pemalang Regency in collaboration with Satya and Medium Enterprise, Industry and Trade Christian University in Salatiga, Central Java Department Pemalang Regency has program conducted a research on the development of plan activity related to the development of Woven Sarong Wanarejan Utara that had been OVOP Pemalang Regency for ATBM woven running. The investigation brought about: sarong Wanarejan Utara. Activities to be a. Testing on goyor sarong product quality. implemented in 2014 are coaching and b. Comparison of goyor sarong quality with promotion of ATBM goyor sarong Wanarejan manufacturer rsarong in Regency. Utara through OVOP Pemalang Regency events. c. Mapping the development of long-term goyor sarong. Table 5.12 OVOP Pemalang Regency Program in 2014

Indicative Account Program/activity Aim Target ceiling (Rp)

1 2 3 4 5

1.15.17 Program of enterprise To develop enterprise 80% 120.000.000 support system support system development for micro, development for micro, small, and medium small, and medium enterprise enterprise

The Implementation of To implement OVOP HomeIndustry and village skill increase medium small industry training development 1.15.17.08 30 UKM 60.000.000

The implementation of

micro small medium To implement cooperative participation on UKM enterprise product promotion Production Day Exhibition in memorializing Cooperative Day 2014 and 1.15.17.09 OVOP product exhibition 2 events 60.000.000

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Source: Regional Office of Cooperative, Small, and Medium Enterprise, Industry and Trade Department Pemalang Regency, 2014

Pemalang Regent Instruction No.: able to free the community from cultural and 58/1/Year 2013 about Products Featured Rural structural barriers that inhibit. Government Development Approach through One Village should facilitate the licensing if people want One Product (OVOP) Cooperatives-based in to form a production cooperative that will Pemalang Regency, order the Regional Office of organize their production. Do not make the Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprise, administration more convoluted. Industry, and Trade Department Pemalang Regency to: b. Reinforcement. Pemalang Regency Government should also a. Directing human resource development strengthen the knowledge and capabilities of programs,raw materials supply, access to the community in solving problems and capital, institutional business, appropriate meeting their needs. Empowerment should production technology, quality and imaging be able to develop all the skills and products, packaging, hygienic products, confidence to support community self- information access, marketing, licensing, reliance such as mentoring and training to transportation facilities to improve the the people who made progress on a regular competitiveness of rural areas main product basis in order to obtain measurable and based on local resources in the system of targeted community. One Village One Product (OVOP); c. Protection. b. Achieving independence through an Pemalang Regency Government should be integrated and continuous advocacy efforts able to protect the community, especially for maximum of 3 years; vulnerable groups (in this case the weavers in Wanarejan Utara) so as not oppressed by c. Increasing integration in the OVOP system powerful groups (collectors weaving), to development since the planning, avoid unequal competition (especially implementation, monitoring, and involving unhealthy) between the strong and the weak, all stakeholders with guidance; and to prevent exploitation of the strong against the weak group. Empowerment should be directed at the elimination of all d. Reporting the relust of the implementation kinds of discrimination and domination that to Pemalang Regent. are not profitable the weak who work as labors, especially weaving labors. The local government, in this case is the government of Pemalang, must pay attention d. Support. to the following points in the process of Pemalang Regency Government should community development in Wanarejan Utara as provide guidance and support so that people stated by Suharto in Huraerah (2008:135) can carry out the role and duties of life. concerning the process of community Empowerment must be able to support the empowerment with 5 factors, they are people not to fall into a state of increasingly possibility, reinforcement, protection, support, weak position and marginalized. With the and maintenance. assistance of the program, not only focusing on skills, but also the strengthening of managerial or entrepreneurial ability so that a. Possibility. people can manage their resources well and Pemalang Regency Government should take advantage of the best to improve the create an atmosphere or climate that allows life of the community itself. In addition, community potential of Wanarejan Utara there should be a system of quality develop optimally. Empowerment should be

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assurance and insurance for the business of not been well managed, and the lack of community, so that if a failure occurs transfer of technology made all of the suddenly, people do not lose assets as a production process was done manually. whole. 3. Inhibiting Regeneration. e. Maintenance. High demand for labors was not matched Pemalang Regency Government should with the preparation of young people to always maintain conducive conditions to learn. keep a balance of power distribution between the various groups in community. b. The efforts made by the government of No another intervention. Empowerment Pemalang Regency to overcome the must be able to ensure harmony and balance inhibiting factors were: that allows each person the opportunity to 1. ATBM woven sarong of Wanarejan try. Pemalang Regency Government need to Utara was chosen as one of main make laws as an umbrella that will products in Pemalang Regency through distinguish legally between rights and OVOP Program. obligations. 2. Commencement of guidance to the community about ATBM woven sarong Wanarejan Utara in 2014. B. Recommendations 3. The Wastewater Treatment Plant 1. Conclusions (ATBM WWTP) had been built and Based on the collected data and ready to be used to manage waste loom observations and investigation conducted by the in Wanarejan Utara. writer during the apprenticeship program, it can be concluded that: 2. Suggestions a. The woven sarong production activitiy in Based on the conclusions above, the Wanarejan Utara Village already showed the writer gave some advices to Pemalang Regency process of community empowerment. But Government in order to empower the people in community development had not run Wanarejan Utara Village through woven sarong optimally because there had never been production activities, namely: coaching and development activities a. In the future, woven sarong production undertaken by the local government to the activities in Wanarejan Utara Village labors and there has been no significant can get more attention, particularly in change to the social welfare of community the welfare of weavers in Wanarejan caused by low wage of labors (under the Utara Village. Minimum Wage of Pemalang Regency). b. Immediately, overcome the inhibiting b. Inhibiting factors in the production of woven factors that arise in the field. As for sarong activities in Wanarejan Utara solutions that can be provided include: Village, Taman Sub District, Pemalang Regency, were as follows: 1. Enhance the promotion and marketing so as to increase 1. Minimum Capital. the interest of investors to The lack of capital was caused by the invest in Wanarejan Utara and lack of investors in woven sarong form production cooperatives production activity and low income of as manager of raw materials cumminity that made it possible to do the and marketing/distributing investment. network as well as entities providing financial services 2. Production Inefficiency. savings for community based Inefficient production took a lot of time on family life and mutual and great energy. Raw materials obtained cooperation. from outside of the area, waste that has

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2. Increase the factors of 9. Kartasasmita, Ginanjar. 1997. production (such as raw Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Konsep materials and technology) so Pembangunan yang Berakar pada that production can be run Masyarakat. Delivered in DPD GOLKAR efficiently. Meeting Tk. I Jawa Timur. 3. Improving the ability of 10. Koentjaraningrat. 2009. Pengantar Ilmu regeneration so that the labor Antropologi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. requirements can be met. 11. Mardikanto, Totok. 2013. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Kebijakan c. The efforts that can be done by the Publik. Bandung: Alfabeta. Pemalang Regency Government to 12. Masyuri. 2008. Metode Penelitian overcome the inhibiting factor are: Pendekatan Praktis dan Aplikatif. Bandung: 1. Improving guidance and Refika Aditama. supervision for the 13. Nazir, Moh. 2009. Metode Penelitian. development of ATBM Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia. woven sarong Wanarejan 14. Nurcholis, Hanif. 2011. Pertumbuhan dan Utara as one of the main Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa. products of Pemalang Jakarta: Erlangga. Regency through OVOP 15. Soekanto, Soerjono. 2010. Sosiologi Suatu Program. Pengantar. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada. 2. Increasing supervision in a 16. Soetomo. 2006. Strategi-Strategi variety of training programs Pembangunan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: in 2014. Pustaka Pelajar. 3. Carring out socialization 17. Sugiyono. 2012. Memahami Penelitian and supervision in the use Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta. of Waste Water Treatment 18. Suharto, Edi. 2006. Membangun Plant (ATBM WWTP) to Masyarakat Memberdayakan Rakyat. manage waste loom in Bandung: Refika Aditama. Wanarejan Utara. 19. Sumihardjo, Tumar. 2008. Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Melalui Pengembangan Daya Saing Berbasis BIBLIOGRAPHY Potensi Daerah. Bandung: Fokusmedia. 20. Supardan, Dadang. 2009. Pengantar Ilmu a) Books Sosial. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. 21. Tribe, Michael et.al. 2010. Economics and 1. Abdulsyani. 2012. Sosiologi, Sistematika, Development Studies. New York: Routledge. Teori, dan Terapan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. 22. Wasistiono, Sadu. 2006. Prospek 2. Agung, I Gusti, et.al. 2008. Teori Ekonomi Pengembangan Desa. Bandung: Mikro. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada. Fokusmedia. 3. Bevir, Mark. 2007. Encyclopedia of 23. Widjaja. 2003. Otonomi Desa. Jakarta: Governance. USA: SAGE Publications. RajaGrafindo Persada. 4. Bungin, Burhan. 2008. Penelitian Kualitatif. 24. Winardi. 1988. Ilmu Ekonomi. Bandung: Jakarta: Kencana. Tarsito. 5. Creswell W. John. 2009. Research Design. USA: SAGE Publications. 25. Regulations 6. Denzin, K. Norman. 2005. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Third 26. The Constitution of Indonesia Republic Edition. USA: SAGE Publications. Year 1945. 7. Gilarso. 2001. Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi 27. Law No. 32 Year 2004 about Local Mikro. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Government. 8. Huraerah, Abu. 2011. Pengorganisasian dan 28. Law No. 11 Year 2005 about the Pengembangan Masyarakat. Bandung: Legalization of International Covenant on Humaniora. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

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29. Law No. 20 Year 2008 about Small, Micro 36. Other references and Medium Enterprise. 30. Government Regulation No. 72 Year 2005 37. Community Development and Family about Village. Planning Agency Pemalang Regency Data 31. The Rule of Internal Affair Minister No. 7 Year 2010. Year 2007 about Community Empowerment 38. Central Bureau of Statistics Pemalang Cadre. Regency Data Year 2010, 2011, 2012. 39. Local Revenue, Finance and Asset 32. Internet References Management Offices Pemalang Regency Data Year 2010, 2011, 2012. 33. http://fitwiethayalisyi.wordpress.com. 40. Regional Office of Cooperative, Small and Penelitian Kualitatif (Metode Pengumpulan Medium Enterprise, Industry, and Trade th Data). Thursday, January 9 2014. Department Pemalang Regency Data Year 34. http://mobile.kontan.co.id. Ini Enam 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. Program Prioritas SBY sampai Tahun 2014. 41. Wanarejan Utara Monography Data Year 24 Agustus 2012 11:36 WIB downloaded on 2010, 2011, 2012. th Tuesday, 10 of December 2013. 42. Wanarejan Utara Village Government 35. http://www.un.org. Millenium Development Implementation Report Year 2012. Goals. Monday, 9th of December 2013.

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