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Download Download JPBSI 9 (2) (2020) Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpbsi SATUAN LINGUAL DALAM SESAJI MALAM JUMAT KLIWON DI KABUPATEN PEMALANG (KAJIAN ETNOLINGUISTIK) Diah Ayu Wulandari Imam Baehaqie Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Info Artikel Abstrak Sejarah Artikel: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsi bentuk satuan lingual, menganalisis makna Diterima Mei 2020 kultural, mengeksplanasi fungsi satuan lingual dalam sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon Disetujui Juni 2020 di Kabupaten Pemalang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori etnolinguistik yang Dipublikasikan November menjelaskan keterkaitan antara bahasa dengan budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2020 pendekatan metodologis dan pendekatan teoretis. Metode dan teknik pengumpu- Keywords: lan data adalah metode simak dan metode cakap. Teknik yang digunakan dalam Lingual Unit, Cultural Mean- metode simak adalah teknik sadap, Teknik SLC, Teknik SBLC, Teknik Rekam, ing, Lingual Unit Function, Teknik Catat dan teknik yang digunakan dalam metode cakap adalah teknik panc- Ethnolinguistics ing dan Teknik Cakap Semuka. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk menga- nalisis data adalah metode agih dengan teknik Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) dan metode padan dengan teknik pilah unsur penertu (PUP). Metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk menyajikan hasil analisis data adalah metode penyajian formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat dua bentuk satuan lingual yaitu satuan lingual yang berbentuk kata dan satuan lingual yang berbentuk frasa. Satuan lin- gual yang berbentuk kata digolongkan menjadi dua satuan lingual monomorfemis dan satuan lingual polimorfemis. Bentuk satuan lingual monomorfemis berupa kata dasar yang berjumlah 6, polimorfemis yang berjumlah 1 berupa kata, frasa berjum- lah 10, terdapat makna dalam setiap sesaji yang disajikan pada malam Jumat Kli- won dan terdapat 4 fungsi dalam sesaji yang di sajikan pada malam Jumat Kliwon. Abstract This study aims to describe the shape of the lingual unit, analyze the cultural meaning, explore the func- tion of the lingual unit in the Friday night Kliwon offerings in Pemalang Regency. This research uses ethnolinguistic theory that explains the relationship between language and culture. This research uses a methodological approach and theoretical approach. Data collection methods and techniques are the listening and competent methods. The techniques used in the listening method are tapping techniques, SLC technique, SBLC technique, record technique, note taking technique, and the techniques used in the conversational method are fishing techniques and semuka proficient technique. The methods and tech- niques used to analyze data are the method of sharing with the Direct Element Dividing (BUL) technique and the matching method with the determining element (PUP) technique. The methods and techniques used to present the results of data analysis are formal and informal presentation methods. The results of this study there are two forms of lingual units namely lingual units in the form of words and lingual units in the form of phrases. The word lingual units are classified into two monomorphic lingual units and polymorphic lingual units. The monomorphic lingual unit form is a base word which amounts to 6, polymorphism which amounts to 1 in the form of words, phrases totaling 10, there is meaning in each of- fering that is presented on Friday night Kliwon and there are 4 functions in the offerings that are presented on Friday Kliwon night. © 2020 Universitas Negeri Semarang Alamat korespondensi: p-ISSN 2252-6722 e-ISSN 2503-3476 Gedung B1 FBS Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: [email protected] Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 9(2)(2020) : 132-138 133 Pendahuluan pir [tampIr], gedhang [gǝdhaƞ],lilin [lilIn],kinangan Bahasa termasuk dalam tujuh unsur kebu- [kinaŋan], teh legi [teh lɘgi], teh pait [teh paIt], kopi dayaan karena untuk mengadakan interaksi dan legi [kopi lɘgi], kopi pait [kopi paIt], kembang seta- komunikasi, manusia memerlukan bahasa. Ba- man [k|mbaG s|taman], banyu putih [bhaɲu putIh], hasa adalah alat yang paling penting untuk ber- sego gurih [səgͻ gurɪh], bubur abang putih [bubUr komunikasi dan sangat berperan pada manusia. abhaƞ putIh], degan ijo [dɘgan ijo], dan jajanan pasar Manusia yang hidup bersama perlu berkomuni- [jajanan pasar]. kasi dengan makhluk sesamanya. Melalui bahasa Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, pen- dapat mengungkapkan apa yang ada dalam piki- elitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsi bentuk sa- ran manusia. Bahasa bagian dari aktivitas dalam tuan lingual dalam sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon perwujudan kebudayaan ditujukan membantu di Kabupaten Pemalang, (2) menganalisis mak- manusia dalam melangsungkan kehidupan ber- na kultural yang terkandung dalam sesaji malam masyarakat. Bahasa sebagai suatu kebudayaan Jumat Kliwon di Kabupaten Pemalang, (3) men- yang pertama kali dimiliki oleh setiap manusia. geksplanasi fungsi satuan lingual dalam sesaji Bahasa itu dapat berkembang karena akal atau malam Jumat Kliwon di Kabupaten Pemalang. sistem pengetahuan manusia. Bahasa dan kebu- Dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada be- dayaan digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai dua berapa penelitian sebelumnya yang relevan, hal yang saling mempengaruhi. Melalui bahasa diantaranya penelitian yang telah dilakukan manusia dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan adat oleh Pratiknyo (2009), Sitaresmi (2009), Triono istiadat, tingkah laku, tata krama, dan mudah (2009), Fauza (2010), Juhartiningrum (2010), Se- membaurkan dirinya di lingkungan masyarakat. tiawan (2015), Fikri dan Kurnia (2019), Janah Bahasa menjadi komponen budaya yang sangat dan Widodo (2019), Like (2019), Supriyani, Ba- penting yang mempengaruhi penerimaan dan ehaqie dan Mulyono (2019), Mardikantoro dan perilaku manusia, perasaan, dan kecenderungan Muhammad Badrus Siroj (2019), Sholikhah dan manusia untuk bertindak mengatasi dunia seke- Mardikantoro (2020), Wardani (2020). liling. Manfaat penelitian ini Penelitian ini dapat Kebudayaan yang terdapat dalam sua- digunakan sebagai referensi dalam pembuatan tu masyarakat menunjukkan tinggi rendahnya kamus istilah yang dapat dijadikan media pem- peradaban masyarakat itu sendiri. Kebudayaan belajaran mengenai bentuk dan makna kultural timbul karena suatu kebudayaan yang dilakukan dalam sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon serta dapat di- manusia dalam suatu lingkup sosial tertentu dan jadikan acuan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. dilakukan terus menurus secara turun menurun. Salah satu contoh kebudayaan yang masih di- METODE PENELITIAN jaga dan dilestarikan oleh masyarakat setempat Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam adalah kebudayaan yang ada di Pemalang yai- penelitian ini mencakup beberapa hal. Pendeka- tu sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon. Sampai saat ini tan metodologis yang digunakan adalah pende- pun tradisi-tradisi yang dilakukan oleh leluhur katan deskriptif kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang masih tetap dilaksanakan. Ini merupakan bukti menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata bahwa masyarakat Pemalang masih mencintai tertulis maupun lisan dari perilaku orang-orang dan peduli terhadap budaya daerah. Sesaji yang yang diamati. Pendekatan deskriptif digunakan hanya dilaksankan 35 hari satu kali yaitu pada untuk menganalisis data yang terdapat dalam malam Jumat Kliwon. Dalam kalender Jawa ma- satuan lingual dalam sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon di lam Jumat Kliwon dikenal sebagai malam yang Kabupaten Pemalang. Pendekatan kualitatif digu- sakral. Masyarakat Jawa mempercayai malam nakan untuk mempelajari situasi budaya dalam Jumat Kliwon malam berkunjungnya para lelu- kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat di Kabupaten hur. Sampai sekarang di zaman yang sudah mulai Pemalang. modern masih ditemukan masyarakat yang mela- Pendekatan teoretis yang digunakan ada- kukan sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon dalam kehidu- lah pendekatan etnolinguistik yang digunakan pan sehari-hari. Sesaji yang dilakukan masyara- untuk memahami setiap unsur bahasa dalam se- kat pada Malam Jumat Kliwon sudah dilakukan saji malam Jumat Kliwon di Kabupaten Pema- secara turun-menurun, sehingga sanggat perlu di- lang kaitannya dengan kehidupan masyarakat lestarikan walaupun pada kenyataannya generasi sekitar. muda dewasa ini sudah banyak yang melupakan Data dan Sumber data diperoleh berupa tradisi malam Jumat Kliwon tersebut. Berbagai bentuk tuturan yang diduga mengandung makna jenis dalam sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon yaitu kultural yang terdapat dalam sesaji malam Jumat menyan [mǝɲan], dupa [dupɔ], rokok [rɔkɔk], tam- Kliwon di Kabupaten Pemalang. 134 Diah Ayu Wulandari, Satuan Lingual dalam Sesaji Malam Jumat Kliwon di Kabupaten Pemalang Metode pengumpulan data adalah metode Satuan Lingual yang Berbentuk Frasa simak dan metode cakap, dengan teknik lanjutan Sesaji malam Jumat Kliwon yang berben- teknik simak libat bebas cakap (SLBC), teknik si- tuk frasa berupa teh legi [teh lɘgi], teh pait [teh mak libat cakap (SLC), teknik catat, teknik rekam paIt], kopi legi [kopi lɘgi], kopi pait [kopi paIt], dan teknik pancing. Teknik penyajian data pada kembang setaman [k|mbaG s|taman], banyu putih penelitian ini adalah teknik formal dan teknik in- [bhaɲu putIh], sego gurih [səgͻ gurɪh], bubur abang formal. putih [bubUr abhaƞputIh], degan ijo [dɘgan ijo], jaja- nan pasar [jajanan pasar]. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Dalam bab ini mencakup hal-hal yang se- Makna kultural yang terkandung dalam sesaji suai dengan rumusan masalah dan tujuan pene- malam Jumat Kliwon di Kabupaten
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