DOCSLIB.ORG

Monitoring Forest Fragmentation and Carbon Storage in the Cerrado Biome of Mato Grosso Using Optical and SAR Satellite Images

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Monitoring Forest Fragmentation and Carbon Storage in the Cerrado Biome of Mato Grosso Using Optical and SAR Satellite Images Monitoring forest fragmentation and carbon storage in the Cerrado Biome of Mato Grosso using optical and SAR satellite images. Dissertation for the award of the degree "Doctor rerum naturalium" (Dr.rer.nat.) in Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen within the doctoral program of Geoscience and Geography of the Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) submitted by Flávia de Souza Mendes from Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil Göttingen, 2019 Thesis Commitee Prof. iR. Dr. Gerhard Gerold (thesis supervisior) Department of Landscape Ecology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Dr. Stefan Erasmi Department of Physical Geography, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Members of Examination Board 1st Referee: Prof. iR. Dr. Gerhard Gerold Department of Landscape Ecology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen 2nd Referee: Prof. Dr. Daniela Sauer Department of Physical Geography, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Further members of Examination Board Prof. Dr. Heiko Faust Department of Human Geography, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Dr. Stefan Erasmi Institute of Farm Economics, Thünen Institute Prof. Dr. Veraldo Liesenberg College of Agriculture and Veterinary, Santa Catarina State Universtiy (UDESC) Prof. Dr. Martin Kappas Department of Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Data of oral examination: 27th January, 2020 “Faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth…” (Pope St. John Paul II) iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my mentors Prof. iR. Dr. Gerhard Gerold and Dr. Stefan Erasmi for years of mentoring, opportunities, support, great leadership, who have always been available to openly discuss ideas and science. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Daniela Sauer and Frau Hesse for the support offered in these PhD years. I would also like to support you from the CAPES, the University of Gottingen, GeoGender and GAUSS which provided me with financial and infrastructure assistance for this Ph.D. research. To my friends and colleagues who made my work environment much happier and more effective. I would especially like to thank Kwabena, Stephen, Claudia, Collins and Larissa. I would like to thank all scientists and technicians who collaborated and participated in my PhD, especially colleagues from INPE-Brazil, Prof. Veraldo and Luciana. I would like to thank you all the support, love, prayer and care of my dear Brazilian friends, especially Michael, Samanta, Naty, Creusa, Mariane, Camila, Luciana, Rosangela, Virgilina, Teresa, Nilsy, Dona Regina, Sr. Antônio, Lucia, Shirley and Cidinha. I would like to thank the support of all my Brazilian friends in Göttingen, especially Sâmela and Rodolfo and the people who had the privilege of sharing my WG, Andreas, Cornelia, Lareen and Mireia. I would like to thank all the love in Christ of my dear friends of KhG and the prayer group, the rosary of St. Michael Kirche, especially Father Francisco, Father Hans-Martin, Steffi and Ghert. I would like to thank my parents (Carmen and José) and my sister for their lifelong support and for prioritizing their resources and attention for my education. I would like to thank Marco for all the affection and care in these PhD years. Filipa, thank you so much for your support and prayers, you have been a great sorrow of God in my life. Luisa, I have no words to thank you for all the care, time, love, advice, support you gave me in these 4 years. You were the best thing Göttingen gave me. You are the most intelligent, loving, and friendly person I have ever met in my life. iv Table of Contents 1. General Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Tropical Savanna.................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Cerrado Biome and the ongoing threat of deforestation and land use ........................ 2 1.3 Remote Sensing ................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Remote Sensing for mapping and monitoring Savanna and Cerrado .................................. 9 1.5 Fragmentation and edge effect ......................................................................................... 11 1.6 Aim of Thesis ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Outline of the thesis .......................................................................................................... 15 1.8 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.9 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................... 18 1.9.1 Remote Sensing data ................................................................................................. 18 1.9.2 Field Data................................................................................................................... 19 1.9.3 Statistical Analysis ..................................................................................................... 21 2. Optical and SAR Remote Sensing Synergism for Mapping Vegetation Types in the Endangered Cerrado/Amazon Ecotone of Nova Mutum—Mato Grosso ............................................................ 24 2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 25 2.2 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 Study Sites ................................................................................................................. 28 2.2.2 Satellite Data ............................................................................................................. 31 2.2.3 Data Processing ......................................................................................................... 33 2.2.4 Classification .............................................................................................................. 36 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 39 2.3.1 Forest and Non-Forest ............................................................................................... 39 2.3.2 Forest Type ................................................................................................................ 40 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 50 2.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 53 3. Aboveground Biomass and carbon stock in the Cerrado forests, Mato Grosso, Brazil .......... 56 v 3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 57 3.1.1 Cerrado vegetation types and deforestation ............................................................. 57 3.2 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 61 3.3 Material and Methods ....................................................................................................... 65 3.3.1 Sample design ........................................................................................................... 65 3.3.2 Data Collection .......................................................................................................... 67 3.3.3 Allometric Biomass Models ....................................................................................... 68 3.3.4 Statistical Evaluation.................................................................................................. 71 3.4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 71 3.4.1 Cerradão and Cerrado Denso Characteristics ............................................................ 71 3.4.2 Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Stock .................................................................. 77 3.5 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 79 3.5.1 Plot Characteristics .................................................................................................... 79 3.5.2 AGB and C Estimation ................................................................................................ 82 3.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 85 4. Time series of optical remote sensing to assess the edge effect in fragments of Cerrado biome..................................................................................................................................................88 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 89 4.2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 91 4.3 Results
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020 Brazil
    Report Brazil Rome, 2020 FRA 2020 report, Brazil FAO has been monitoring the world's forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. The Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) are now produced every five years in an attempt to provide a consistent approach to describing the world's forests and how they are changing. The FRA is a country-driven process and the assessments are based on reports prepared by officially nominated National Correspondents. If a report is not available, the FRA Secretariat prepares a desk study using earlier reports, existing information and/or remote sensing based analysis. This document was generated automatically using the report made available as a contribution to the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, and submitted to FAO as an official government document. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO cannot be held responsible for any use made of the information contained in this document. 2 FRA 2020 report, Brazil TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1. Forest extent, characteristics and changes 2. Forest growing stock, biomass and carbon 3. Forest designation and management 4. Forest ownership and management rights 5. Forest disturbances 6. Forest policy and legislation 7. Employment, education and NWFP 8. Sustainable Development Goal 15 3 FRA 2020 report, Brazil Introduction Report preparation and contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s) Name Role Email Tables Ana Laura Cerqueira Trindade Collaborator ana.trindade@florestal.gov.br All Humberto Navarro de Mesquita Junior Collaborator humberto.mesquita-junior@florestal.gov.br All Joberto Veloso de Freitas National correspondent joberto.freitas@florestal.gov.br All Introductory text Brazil holds the world’s second largest forest area and the importance of its natural forests has recognized importance at the national and global levels, both due to its extension and its associated values, such as biodiversity conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Alive!
    Amazon Alive! A decade of discovery 1999-2009 The Amazon is the planet’s largest rainforest and river basin. It supports countless thousands of species, as well as 30 million people. © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images The Amazon is the largest rainforest on Earth. It’s famed for its unrivalled biological diversity, with wildlife that includes jaguars, river dolphins, manatees, giant otters, capybaras, harpy eagles, anacondas and piranhas. The many unique habitats in this globally significant region conceal a wealth of hidden species, which scientists continue to discover at an incredible rate. Between 1999 and 2009, at least 1,200 new species of plants and vertebrates have been discovered in the Amazon biome (see page 6 for a map showing the extent of the region that this spans). The new species include 637 plants, 257 fish, 216 amphibians, 55 reptiles, 16 birds and 39 mammals. In addition, thousands of new invertebrate species have been uncovered. Owing to the sheer number of the latter, these are not covered in detail by this report. This report has tried to be comprehensive in its listing of new plants and vertebrates described from the Amazon biome in the last decade. But for the largest groups of life on Earth, such as invertebrates, such lists do not exist – so the number of new species presented here is no doubt an underestimate. Cover image: Ranitomeya benedicta, new poison frog species © Evan Twomey amazon alive! i a decade of discovery 1999-2009 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Foreword Convention on Biological Diversity The vital importance of the Amazon rainforest is very basic work on the natural history of the well known.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health WWF LIVING AMAZON INITIATIVE SUGGESTED CITATION
    REPORT LIVING AMAZON 2015 State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health WWF LIVING AMAZON INITIATIVE SUGGESTED CITATION Macedo, M. and L. Castello. 2015. State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health; edited by D. Oliveira, C. C. Maretti and S. Charity. Brasília, Brazil: WWF Living Amazon Initiative. 136pp. PUBLICATION INFORMATION State of the Amazon Series editors: Cláudio C. Maretti, Denise Oliveira and Sandra Charity. This publication State of the Amazon: Freshwater Connectivity and Ecosystem Health: Publication editors: Denise Oliveira, Cláudio C. Maretti, and Sandra Charity. Publication text editors: Sandra Charity and Denise Oliveira. Core Scientific Report (chapters 1-6): Written by Marcia Macedo and Leandro Castello; scientific assessment commissioned by WWF Living Amazon Initiative (LAI). State of the Amazon: Conclusions and Recommendations (chapter 7): Cláudio C. Maretti, Marcia Macedo, Leandro Castello, Sandra Charity, Denise Oliveira, André S. Dias, Tarsicio Granizo, Karen Lawrence WWF Living Amazon Integrated Approaches for a More Sustainable Development in the Pan-Amazon Freshwater Connectivity Cláudio C. Maretti; Sandra Charity; Denise Oliveira; Tarsicio Granizo; André S. Dias; and Karen Lawrence. Maps: Paul Lefebvre/Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC); Valderli Piontekwoski/Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM, Portuguese acronym); and Landscape Ecology Lab /WWF Brazil. Photos: Adriano Gambarini; André Bärtschi; Brent Stirton/Getty Images; Denise Oliveira; Edison Caetano; and Ecosystem Health Fernando Pelicice; Gleilson Miranda/Funai; Juvenal Pereira; Kevin Schafer/naturepl.com; María del Pilar Ramírez; Mark Sabaj Perez; Michel Roggo; Omar Rocha; Paulo Brando; Roger Leguen; Zig Koch. Front cover Mouth of the Teles Pires and Juruena rivers forming the Tapajós River, on the borders of Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Pará states, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • The Amazon's Flora and Fauna
    AMAZON Initiative The Amazon’s flora and fauna The Amazon biome, covering an area of 6.7 million km2 (more than twice the size of India) represents over 40% of the planet’s remaining tropical forests. Trees and plants The Amazon biome The Amazon is particularly rich in trees and plants, with more than 40,000 species landscape that play critical roles in regulating the global climate and sustaining the local water cycle. All have adapted to the abundant rain and often nutrient-poor soils. To • 79.9% tropical defend themselves from herbivores some have developed tough leaves, resins or evergreen forest • 6.8% anthropic (incl. latex outer coats enabling them to resist many predators. Others produce leaves pastures and land use that are nutritionally poor or poisonous. Nonetheless, many of the plants and trees changes) are valued for what they produce – timber, compounds valued in agriculture and • 4.0% savannas medicines such as curare, fibres including kapok, rubber, and food for both the • 3.9% flooded and people living in the Amazon and the wider world. swamp forest • 1.4% deciduous forest • 1.2% water bodies The kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) is a tall rainforest tree, reaching 50 m. With • 2.8% others (incl. buttressed roots, a smooth grey trunk, and a wide top hosting an abundance of shrubland & bamboo) epiphytes and lianas, it is most commonly seen on forest edges, riverbanks and disturbed areas, where it receives more light. Kapok, a valued cotton-like fibre, With over 10% of all the surrounds the seeds and helps them disperse in the wind.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future Climate of Amazonia Scientific Assessment Report
    The Future Climate of Amazonia Scientific Assessment Report Antonio Donato Nobre ARA Articulación Regional Amazônica The Future Climate of Amazonia Scientific Assessment Report 1st edition Antonio Donato Nobre Sao Jose dos Campos – SP Edition ARA, CCST-INPE e INPA 2014 The Future Climate of Amazonia Scientific Assessment Report Author: Antonio Donato Nobre, PhD* Researcher at CCST** MCTi/INPE Researcher at MCTi/INPA Patronage: Articulación Regional Amazónica (ARA) Institutional Sponsorship: Earth System Science Center (CCST) National Institute of Space Research (INPE) National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) Strategic Partnership: Avina and Avina Americas Fundo Vale Fundação Skoll Support: Instituto Socioambiental Flying Rivers Project WWF N669f Nobre, Antonio Donato The future climate of Amazonia: scientific assessment report / Antonio Donato Nobre; translation Ameri- can Journal Experts, Margi Moss –São José dos Campos, SP: ARA: CCST-INPE: INPA, 2014. e-book : il. Translation of: O futuro climático da Amazônia: relatório de avaliação científica. ISBN: 978-85-17-00074-4 1. Climatology. 2. Amazon (Region). 3. Environment. I. Title. CDU: 551.58 Cite the report as: Nobre AD, 2014, The Future Climate of Amazonia, Scientific Assessment Report. Sponsored by CCST-INPE, INPA and ARA. São José dos Campos, Brazil, 42p. Available online at: http://www.ccst.inpe.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ The_Future_Climate_of_Amazonia_Report.pdf This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. * Antonio Donato Nobre (curriculum Lattes) studies the Earth system through an interdisciplinary approach and works to popularize science. He has been a senior researcher at the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) since 1985 and has worked since 2003 at the National Institute of Space Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais).
    [Show full text]
  • Eating up the Amazon 1
    EATING UP THE AMAZON 1 EATING UP THE AMAZON 2 EATING UP 3 THE AMAZON CONTENTS DESTRUCTION BY NUMBERS – THE KEY FACTS 5 INTRODUCTION: THE TRUTH BEHIND THE BEAN 8 HOW SOYA IS DRIVING THE AGRICULTURE FRONTIER INTO THE RAINFOREST 13 WHO PROFITS FROM AMAZON DESTRUCTION? 17 THE ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS OF AMAZON DESTRUCTION AND SOYA MONOCULTURE 21 BEYOND THE LAW: CRIMES LINKED TO SOYA EXPANSION IN THE AMAZON 27 CARGILL IN SANTARÉM: MOST CULPABLE OF THE SOYA GIANTS 37 EUROPEAN CORPORATE COMPLICITY IN AMAZON DESTRUCTION 41 STRATEGIES TO PROTECT THE AMAZON AND THE GLOBAL CLIMATE 48 DEMANDS 51 ANNEX ONE – GUIDANCE ON TRACEABILTY 52 ANNEX TWO – A SHORT HISTORY OF GM SOYA, BRAZIL AND THE EUROPEAN MARKET 55 REFERENCES 56 ENDNOTES 60 4 The Government decision to make it illegal to cut down Brazil nut trees has failed to protect the species from the expanding agricultural frontier. When farmers clear the land to plant soya, they leave Brazil nut trees standing in isolation in the middle of soya monocultures. Fire used to clear the land usually kills the trees. EATING UP 5 THE AMAZON DESTRUCTION BY NUMBERS – THE KEY FACTS THE SCENE: THE CRIME: THE CRIMINALS: PARTNERS IN CRIME: The Amazon rainforest is Since Brazil’s President Lula da Three US-based agricultural 80% of the world’s soya one of the most biodiverse Silva came to power in January commodities giants – Archer production is fed to the regions on earth. It is home 2003, nearly 70,000km2 of Daniels Midland (ADM), livestock industry.12 to nearly 10% of the world’s the Amazon rainforest has Bunge and Cargill – are mammals1 and a staggering been destroyed.4 responsible for about 60% Spiralling demand for 15% of the world’s known of the total financing of soya animal feed from land-based plant species, Between August 2003 and soya production in Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Rainforest Fact Sheet
    The Amazon Rainforest The Amazon rainforest is the lar​ gest remaining tropical rainforest in the world​, blanketing the Earth’s surface in approximately​ three​ billion trees​. Spanning nine countries in South America, the Amazon is an expansive and incredibly diverse biome— almost twenty-five times the size of the United Kingdom. Through the region snakes the Amazon River, flowing for more than 4,100 miles. ● One fifth of world’s flowing water runs through the Amazon. ● About 20% of the planet’s oxygen is produced in the Amazon. Biodiversity in the Amazon As of 2005, the Amazon is home to at least 10%​ of the entire planet’s known species​, including, at least: ● 437 mammal species ● 1,300 bird species ● 378 reptile species ● 400 amphibian species ● 3,000 fish species ● 40,000 to 53,000 tree species These numbers don’t include the new​ animal or plant species that are catalogued​ ​approximately every two days in the region​.​ Nor do they take into account the significant​ losses in biodiversity​ caused by deforestation. Cultural Diversity in the Amazon ● Nearly 400​ distinct indigenous peoples​,​ composing 9% (2.7 million) of the Amazon’s population, inhabit the region. ● These populations are made up of roughly​ 350​ different ethnic groups​. ● Many indigenous Amazon nations have lost their land to deforestation and development. Many live on land that governments do not officially recognize as theirs and so their claims to the land, that they have inhabited for generations, are not respected. ● Not only are indigenous nations losing physical land, but the land they do still live on is often polluted​ by mining and oil extraction​.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species Discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15
    WORKINGWORKING TOGETHERTOGETHER TO TO SHARE SCIENTIFICSCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIESDISCOVERIES UPDATE AND COMPILATION OF THE LIST UNTOLD TREASURES: NEW SPECIES DISCOVERIES IN THE AMAZON 2014-15 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, WWF Living Amazon Initiative Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável with over five million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s Mamirauá (Mamirauá Institute of Leader mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future Sustainable Development) Sandra Charity in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, General director ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction Communication coordinator Helder Lima de Queiroz of pollution and wasteful consumption. Denise Oliveira Administrative director Consultant in communication WWF-Brazil is a Brazilian NGO, part of an international network, and committed to the Joyce de Souza conservation of nature within a Brazilian social and economic context, seeking to strengthen Mariana Gutiérrez the environmental movement and to engage society in nature conservation. In August 2016, the Technical scientific director organization celebrated 20 years of conservation work in the country. WWF Amazon regional coordination João Valsecchi do Amaral Management and development director The Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM – Mamirauá Coordinator Isabel Soares de Sousa Institute for Sustainable Development) was established in April 1999. It is a civil society Tarsicio Granizo organization that is supported and supervised by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communications, and is one of Brazil’s major research centres.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructing Three Decades of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Brazilian Biomes with Landsat Archive and Earth Engine
    remote sensing Article Reconstructing Three Decades of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Brazilian Biomes with Landsat Archive and Earth Engine Carlos M. Souza Jr. 1,* , Julia Z. Shimbo 2, Marcos R. Rosa 3 , Leandro L. Parente 4 , Ane A. Alencar 2 , Bernardo F. T. Rudorff 5 , Heinrich Hasenack 6 , Marcelo Matsumoto 7 , Laerte G. Ferreira 4, Pedro W. M. Souza-Filho 8 , Sergio W. de Oliveira 9, Washington F. Rocha 10 , Antônio V. Fonseca 1 , Camila B. Marques 2, Cesar G. Diniz 11 , Diego Costa 10 , Dyeden Monteiro 12, Eduardo R. Rosa 13 , Eduardo Vélez-Martin 6 , Eliseu J. Weber 14 , Felipe E. B. Lenti 2 , Fernando F. Paternost 13, Frans G. C. Pareyn 15, João V. Siqueira 16, José L. Viera 15, Luiz C. Ferreira Neto 11, Marciano M. Saraiva 5 , Marcio H. Sales 17, Moises P. G. Salgado 5 , Rodrigo Vasconcelos 10, Soltan Galano 10, Vinicius V. Mesquita 4 and Tasso Azevedo 18 1 Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia (Imazon), Belém 66055-200, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (Ipam), Brasília 70863-520, Brazil; [email protected] (J.Z.S.); [email protected] (A.A.A.); [email protected] (C.B.M.); [email protected] (F.E.B.L.) 3 Programa de Pós-Gradução em Geografia Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Image Processing and GIS Laboratory (LAPIG), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74001-970, Brazil; [email protected] (L.L.P.); [email protected] (L.G.F.); [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Cattle Footprint: Mato Grosso
    AMAZON CATTLE FOOTPRINT MaTO GROSSO: STATE OF DESTRUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . .3 THREATENED HERITAGE . .11 HOW IS AMAZON DEFORESTATION MEASURED? . .4 CURRENT LAND USE IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO . .12 EXPANSION OF CATTLE RANCHING IN THE LEGAL AMAZON . .5 SMOKING KILLS . .13 DISTRIBUTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE . 6 LAND USE map METHODOLOGY . 13 THE ImpaCT OF THE INDUSTRY . .7 REASONS TO STOP DESTRUCTION OF THE CaTTLE FOOTPRINT IN MATO GROSSO . .8 AmazON RAINFOREST . .14 CaTTLE RANCHING ExpaNSION AREAS IN THE WHAT MUST BE DONE . 14 AmazON biOME, MATO GROSSO STATE . 8 THE BRaziliaN GOVERNMENT MUST . 14 THE FAR NORTH (NORTÃo) . 8 INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES MUST . 14 AmazON BIOME STRIP . 8 INDUSTRY MUST . 15 THE BR-163 – ALTA FLORESTA ROAD axiS . 9 BANK AND INVESTORS . 15 THE SPRINGS OF THE XINGU RIVER . 9 CITIZENS CAN . 15 MODIS IMAGE AND LAND USE . .10 REFERENCES . .15 LOCATION OF MATO GROSSO IN THE AMAZON REGION Brazilian Legal Amazon Mato Grosso state boundary Amazon Biome boundary AREAS UNDER THREAT The Amazon Basin covers an area of approximately 6.5 million Brazil’s Legal Amazon is an administrative designation km2 across nine South American countries, five percent of and includes the whole Amazon forest2 in Brazil, plus some the Earth’s surface. It holds the largest river system on the areas of savannah in the states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins. planet, about one-fifth of the total volume of fresh water of So far, 700 thousand km2 of the original Amazon forest cover the world. Some 60% of the Amazon basin (4.1 million km²) of Brazil has been destroyed - this is equivalent to an area is inside Brazil’s borders.1 more than twice the size of Poland3.
    [Show full text]
  • View a Copy of This Licence, Visit
    Tejada et al. Forest Ecosystems (2020) 7:25 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-020-00228-1 RESEARCH Open Access Mapping data gaps to estimate biomass across Brazilian Amazon forests Graciela Tejada1*, Eric Bastos Görgens2, Alex Ovando3 and Jean Pierre Ometto1 Abstract Background: Tropical forests play a fundamental role in the provision of diverse ecosystem services, such as biodiversity, climate and air quality regulation, freshwater provision, carbon cycling, agricultural support and culture. To understand the role of forests in the carbon balance, aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates are needed. Given the importance of Brazilian tropical forests, there is an urgent need to improve AGB estimates to support the Brazilian commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Many AGB maps and datasets exist, varying in availability, scale and coverage. Thus, stakeholders, policy makers and scientists must decide which AGB product, dataset or combination of data to use for their particular goals. In this study, we assessed the gaps in the spatial AGB data across the Brazilian Amazon forests not only to orient the decision makers about the data that are currently available but also to provide a guide for future initiatives. Results: We obtained a map of the gaps in the forest AGB spatial data for the Brazilian Amazon using statistics and differences between AGB maps and a spatial multicriteria evaluation that considered the current AGB datasets. The AGB spatial data gap map represents areas with good coverage of AGB data and, consequently, the main gaps or priority areas where further biomass assessments should focus, including the northeast of Amazon State, Amapá and northeast of Pará.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Sustainable Landscapes Program - Phase II
    5/13/2019 Global Environment Facility (GEF) Operations Program Framework Document (PFD) entry – GEF - 7 Amazon Sustainable Landscapes Program - Phase II Part I: Program Information GEF ID 10198 Program Type PFD Type of Trust Fund GET Program Title Amazon Sustainable Landscapes Program - Phase II Countries Regional, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname Agency(ies) World Bank, CI, FAO, IFAD, UNDP, UNIDO, CAF, WWF-US Other Executing Partner(s) Executing Partner Type Governments of Participating Countries Government Other Participating Institutions Others https://gefportal.worldbank.org 1/115 5/13/2019 Global Environment Facility (GEF) Operations GEF Focal Area Multi Focal Area Taxonomy Forestry - Including HCVF and REDD+, Mainstreaming, Biodiversity, Artisanal and Scale Gold Mining, Mercury, Chemicals and Waste, Focal Areas, Gender results areas, Gender Equality, Capacity Development, Access and control over natural resources, Participation and leadership, Inuencing models, Integrated Programs, Land Degradation, Strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making, Behavior change, Communications, Stakeholders, Awareness Raising, Strategic Communications, Private Sector, Indigenous Peoples, Type of Engagement, Partnership, Participation, Information Dissemination, Consultation, Civil Society, Non- Governmental Organization, Academia, Community Based Organization, Local Communities, Beneciaries, Forest, Amazon, Sustainable Land Management, Climate Change, Climate Change Mitigation, Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land
    [Show full text]