DOCSLIB.ORG

New Species Discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Species Discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15 WORKINGWORKING TOGETHERTOGETHER TO TO SHARE SCIENTIFICSCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIESDISCOVERIES UPDATE AND COMPILATION OF THE LIST UNTOLD TREASURES: NEW SPECIES DISCOVERIES IN THE AMAZON 2014-15 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, WWF Living Amazon Initiative Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável with over five million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s Mamirauá (Mamirauá Institute of Leader mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future Sustainable Development) Sandra Charity in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, General director ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction Communication coordinator Helder Lima de Queiroz of pollution and wasteful consumption. Denise Oliveira Administrative director Consultant in communication WWF-Brazil is a Brazilian NGO, part of an international network, and committed to the Joyce de Souza conservation of nature within a Brazilian social and economic context, seeking to strengthen Mariana Gutiérrez the environmental movement and to engage society in nature conservation. In August 2016, the Technical scientific director organization celebrated 20 years of conservation work in the country. WWF Amazon regional coordination João Valsecchi do Amaral Management and development director The Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM – Mamirauá Coordinator Isabel Soares de Sousa Institute for Sustainable Development) was established in April 1999. It is a civil society Tarsicio Granizo organization that is supported and supervised by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communications, and is one of Brazil’s major research centres. From the start, the Mamirauá WWF-Brazil Institute for Sustainable Development has conducted activities through research, management Science programme coordinator and technical assistance programmes in protected areas in the Amazon. Its mission is to promote Mariana Napolitano Ferreira scientific research on the biodiversity, management and conservation of the natural resources of the Amazon in a participatory and sustainable manner. Amazon programme coordinator Ricardo Mello UPDATE AND COMPILATION OF THE LIST This is a technical, scientific report prepared by the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development at the request of the WWF Living Amazon Initiative. Front cover image: Adriano Gambarini/WWF-Brasil Maps: Mamirauá Institute of Sustainable Development Suggested citation: UNTOLD TREASURES: & Science Programme, WWF-Brazil Valsecchi, J., Marmontel, M., Franco, C.L.B., Cavalcante, D.P., COBRA, I.V.D., Lima, I.J., Lanna, J.M., Ferreira, M.T.M., Nassar, P.M., Botero-Arias, R. and Monteiro,V. Graphic edition: Supernova Design Update and compilation of the list untold treasures: new species discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15. WWF Living Amazon Initiative (Denise Oliveira and Sandra Charity), WWF-Brazil Published in 2017 by WWF - World Wildlife Fund (formerly Worldwide Fund for Nature), NEW SPECIES DISCOVERIES (Jorge Eduardo Dantas and Mariana Gutiérrez), Brasília, DF and Tefé, AM: WWF and Mamiraua Gland, Switzerland. Any full or partial reproduction must mention the title and credit the authors Institute of Sustainable Development, 2017. in accordance with author property rights. IN THE AMAZON International Data for Cataloguing in Publication (CIP) N936 New species of vertebrates and plants in the Amazon: update 2014-15 and compilation of the list: 2014-2015/ WWF Brazil/ Mamirauá Institute of Sustainable Development – Brasília: WWF-Brazil, 2017. 111p.: il. ISBN 978-85-5574-035-0 1. Desenvolvimento sustentável – Amazônia. 2. Vertebrados –Amazônia. 3. Plantas- Amazônia. 4. Biodiversidade – Amazônia. 5. Fundo Mundial para a Natureza. 6. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá. I. Título CDD 333.95 WWF AND THE MAMIRAUÁ INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 577.3 578.73 22.ed. Cataloguing card produced by librarian Cristyanne Uhlmann da Costa e Silva CRB-11 879. Brasília (DF) and Tefé (AM), Brazil – 2017 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REPTILES FOREWORD 6 We would like to thank the researchers, authors and photographers Caroll Z Landauro (Ornithology and Biodiversity Centre CORBIDI, Peru) of the discoveries who collaborated with us to make this publication Jakob Hallermann (Universität Hamburg, Germany) INTRODUCTION 8 possible: John C Murphy (Field Museum of Natural History, USA) Naturalists of the 21st century 12 Luciana Vieira Cobra (Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Brazil) The Tapajós Dolphin Expedition 13 FISH Peter Uetz (University of Washington, USA) Bárbara Calegari (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Philippe JR Kok (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Denmark) METHODOLOGY 14 Sul – PUCRS, Brazil) Carine Chamon (Zoology Museum of the University of São Paulo – BIRDS RESULTS 21 USP/ University of Brasília – UnB, Brazil) Alexandre Aleixo (Emílio Goeldi Museum, Brazil) Society as scientists 25 Dalton Nielsen (University of Taubaté, Brazil) Bret Whitney (Louisiana State University, USA) Flávio Lima (Zoology Museum of the Campinas State University Fabio Schunck (University of São Paulo – USP, Brazil) CONCLUSIONS 27 “Adão José Cardoso”, Brazil) Gabriel Leite (National Institute for Amazon Research – INPA, Brazil) Gabriel Deprá (Maringá State University, Brazil) Mario Cohn-Haft (National Institute for Amazon Research – INPA, Brazil) SUMMARY OF THE NEW SPECIES 2014-15 Graciete do Socorro da Silva Rolim (Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Brazil) MAMMALS AND UPDATE OF THE 2010-13 LIST 30 Felipe Ennes Silva (Mamirauá, Brazil) Henrique Lazzarotto (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Brazil) Fish 32 Gabriel Melo Alves dos Santos (Federal University of Pará – UFPA, Brazil) Henrique Varella (Biosciences Institute of the University of São Paulo – USP, Brazil) Plants 38 José de Sousa e Silva Júnior (Zoology Coordinator, Emílio Goeldi Museum, João Pedro Fontenelle (University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada) Brazil) Birds 39 Jonas Alves de Oliveira (Mamirauá, Brazil) Julio César Dalponte (Mato Grosso State University and Institute for Conservation José Luís Birindelli (Londrina State University, Brazil) Reptiles 42 of Neotropical Carnivores - Pro-Carnivores, Brazil) Luiz Antonio Wanderley Peixoto (Zoology Museum of the University of Leonardo Kerber (Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil) Mammals 52 São Paulo – USP, Brazil) Renata Floriano da Cunha (Federal University of Paraná – UFPR, Brazil) Amphibians 54 Mark H. Sabaj Pérez (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USA) Tomas Hrbek (Federal University of Amazonas – UFAM, Brazil) Oliver Lucanus (Below Water Pictures, Canada) Waleska Gravena (National Institute for Amazon Research – INPA, Brazil) REFERENCES 58 Tiago Carvalho (University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA) AMPHIBIANS PLANTS ANNEX I 61 Tiina Sarkinen (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK) Evan Twomey (East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA) List of new species in the period 2014-15 Francisco Brusquetti (São Paulo State University, Brazil) SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS ANNEX II 97 Philippe JR Kok (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Denmark) This publication was produced with the support of the communications and Ricardo Alexandre Kawashita-Ribeiro (Federal University of West entertainment company Sky, United Kingdom – which, along with WWF-Brazil, Update of the species described in the period 2010-2013 Pará – UFOPA, Brazil) developed the Sky Rainforest Rescue project and helped conserve one billion trees Thiago Ribeiro de Carvalho (Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil) in the Brazilian state of Acre between 2009 and 2015. Page 4 Untold Treasures: New Species Discoveries in the Amazon FOREWORD Amazing Amazonian species are yet to be discovered by science and protected. An increasing number of by WWF-Brazil, under the scientific leadership of biologist Júlio César FOREWORD scientific discoveries are allowing Dalponte, from the Mato Grosso State University – UNEMAT. researchers and institutions to In 2015, the species was described by Dalponte together with gradually unveil the biodiversity researchers from the MISD and of the Emílio Goeldi Museum in Pará. in the Amazon. This is what this report on Untold treasures: Although scientists tend to expect to find new species in the Amazon New species discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15 shows. The region, Dalponte was surprised to find such distinctive-looking and publication was developed by the Living Amazon Initiative of the striking primate there. How could it have remained unknown to WWF Network and by the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável science for so long? (Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (MISD), with the support of WWF-Brazil and WWF-UK. Over these two years, 381 new Just like the fire-tailed titi monkey (or Milton’s titi), other wondrous species were described in the Amazon region, including 216 plants, 93 species remain to be discovered, and subsequently protected. fish, 32 amphibians, 19 reptiles, 1 bird, and 20 mammals (2 of which are fossils). This publication is the result of hard work done by the team from the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (Mamirauá Despite these many new discoveries, the largest tropical forest in the Sustainable Development Institute), which, at the request of WWF’s world remains a mystery in many ways owing to its vast size and to Living
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Two New Species of Amazophrynella (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Loreto, Peru
    Zootaxa 3946 (1): 079–103 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7630BC6-637C-49E9-9C6D-E9C26DFA4AA0 Two new species of Amazophrynella (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Loreto, Peru ROMMEL R. ROJAS1,5, VINÍCIUS TADEU DE CARVALHO1,2, ROBSON W. ÁVILA3, IZENI PIRES FARIAS1, MARCELO GORDO4 & TOMAS HRBEK1 1Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazo- nas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil 3Universidade Regional do Cariri, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Pimenta, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Bairro do Pimenta, CEP 63105-100, Crato, CE, Brazil 4Departamento de Biologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077- 000, Manaus, AM, Brazil 5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Amazophrynella is a taxonomically poorly known bufonid genus with a pan-Amazonian distribution. A large part of this ambiguity comes from taxonomic uncertainties regarding the type species A. minuta. In this study we compare morpho- logical and molecular data of topotypic specimens of A. minuta with all other nomical congeneric species. Based on these comparisons, we describe two new species. The first species, A. amazonicola sp.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Forest and Community Structure of Tropical Sub-Montane Rain Forests on the Island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles
    2016Caribbean Foresters: A Collaborative NetworkCaribbean for ForestNaturalist Dynamics and Regional ForestrySpecial InitiativesIssue No. 1 S.J. DeWalt, K. Ickes, and A. James 2016 CARIBBEAN NATURALIST Special Issue No. 1:116–137 Forest and Community Structure of Tropical Sub-Montane Rain Forests on the Island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles Saara J. DeWalt1,*, Kalan Ickes1, and Arlington James2 Abstract - To examine short- and long-term changes in hurricane-prone sub-montane rain forests on Dominica in the Lesser Antilles of the eastern Caribbean, we established 17 per- manent, 0.25-ha vegetation plots clustered in 3 regions of the island—northeast, northwest, and southwest. We counted all trees ≥10 cm diameter almost 30 years after Hurricane David caused substantial tree mortality, primarily in the southern half of the island. We identi- fied 1 vegetation association (Dacryodes–Sloanea) with 2 variants depending on whether Amanoa caribaea was co-dominant. We found that differences in forest structure and spe- cies diversity were explained more by region than forest type, with plots in the southwest generally having higher stem density, lower tree height, and greater species diversity than plots in the northeast or northwest. Our results suggest that differences in forest composi- tion in the sub-montane rain forests of Dominica are largely attributable to the presence or absence of the near-endemic canopy-tree species A. caribaea, and secondarily to the degree of hurricane-caused disturbance. Introduction The Caribbean is considered the third-most important global biodiversity hotspot (Mittermeier et al. 2004, Myers et al. 2000) due to the large number of endemic species, especially plants (Santiago-Valentin and Olmstead 2004), present there.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazophrynella Minuta (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) Da Região Amazônica
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS-UFAM INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS-ICB PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM DIVERSIDADE BIOLÓGICA - PPGDIVBIO Revisão taxonômica e distribuição geográfica do complexo Amazophrynella minuta (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) da região Amazônica ROMMEL ROBERTO ROJAS ZAMORA Manaus- Amazonas Março - 2014 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS-UFAM INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS-ICB PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM DIVERSIDADE BIOLÓGICA - PPGDIVBIO Revisão taxonômica e distribuição geográfica do complexo Amazophrynella minuta (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) da região Amazônica ROMMEL ROBERTO ROJAS ZAMORA Orientador: Prof. Dr. TOMAS HRBEK Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. MARCELO GORDO Dissertação apresentada à . Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de mestre em Diversidade Biológica Manaus - Amazonas Março - 2014 2 Ficha Catalográfica (Catalogação realizada pela Biblioteca Central da UFAM) Rojas Zamora, Rommel Roberto Revisão taxonômica e distribuição geográfica do complexo R741r Amazophrynella minuta (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) da região Amazônica / Rommel Roberto Rojas Zamora. - 2014. 83 f. : il. color. ; 31 cm. Dissertação (mestre em Diversidade Biológica) –– Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Tomas Hrbek. Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Gordo. 1. Anuro – Classificação - Amazônia 2. Anfíbio – Classificação – Amazônia 3. Bufo – Classificação – Amazônia 4. Anuro – Criação 5. Anfíbio – Criação 6. Bufo – Criação I. Hrbek, Tomas, orientador II. Gordo, Marcelo, orientador III. Universidade Federal do Amazonas IV. Título CDU (2007): 597.8(811)(043.3) iii 3 Poucas vezes são as ocasiões onde um filho tem a oportunidade de agradecer o esforço do seus pais; esta é uma de elas. Dedico esta teses aos meus queridos Pais (Elvira e Roberto) por cuidar com empenho sua prole.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryconops Caudomaculatus Jumps out of Water to Catch Flies Revista Chilena De Historia Natural, Vol
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile COSTA-PEREIRA, RAUL; SEVERO-NETO, FRANCISCO Dining out: Bryconops caudomaculatus jumps out of water to catch flies Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 85, núm. 2, 2012, pp. 241-244 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944301012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative FORAGING STRATEGY OF BRYCONOPS CAUDOMACULATUS 241 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 85: 241-244, 2012 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile NATURAL HISTORY NOTE Dining out: Bryconops caudomaculatus jumps out of water to catch fl ies Cenar afuera: Bryconops caudomaculatus salta del agua para atrapar moscas RAUL COSTA-PEREIRA1, * & FRANCISCO SEVERO-NETO1 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected] The input of organic matter from riparian of B. caudomaculatus with a seine during the vegetation connects aquatic and terrestrial twilight period. These individuals were killed ecosystems (Lorion & Kennedy 2009). with benzocaine (40 ppm), fi xed in formaline Allochthonous organic matter, mainly terrestrial (10 %) and then preserved in alcohol (70 %). insects and fruits, are often the main food The fi sh specimens were identifi ed with specifi c source for fi shes (Vannote et al. 1980). The literature (Chernoff & Machado-Alisson 2005) capture of these resources usually depends on and are deposited in the Zoological Collection the rate they fall into the water.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Biology Island Biology
    IIssllaanndd bbiioollooggyy Allan Sørensen Allan Timmermann, Ana Maria Martín González Camilla Hansen Camille Kruch Dorte Jensen Eva Grøndahl, Franziska Petra Popko, Grete Fogtmann Jensen, Gudny Asgeirsdottir, Hubertus Heinicke, Jan Nikkelborg, Janne Thirstrup, Karin T. Clausen, Karina Mikkelsen, Katrine Meisner, Kent Olsen, Kristina Boros, Linn Kathrin Øverland, Lucía de la Guardia, Marie S. Hoelgaard, Melissa Wetter Mikkel Sørensen, Morten Ravn Knudsen, Pedro Finamore, Petr Klimes, Rasmus Højer Jensen, Tenna Boye Tine Biedenweg AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2005/ESSAYS IN EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY Teachers: Bodil K. Ehlers, Tanja Ingversen, Dave Parker, MIchael Warrer Larsen, Yoko L. Dupont & Jens M. Olesen 1 C o n t e n t s Atlantic Ocean Islands Faroe Islands Kent Olsen 4 Shetland Islands Janne Thirstrup 10 Svalbard Linn Kathrin Øverland 14 Greenland Eva Grøndahl 18 Azores Tenna Boye 22 St. Helena Pedro Finamore 25 Falkland Islands Kristina Boros 29 Cape Verde Islands Allan Sørensen 32 Tristan da Cunha Rasmus Højer Jensen 36 Mediterranean Islands Corsica Camille Kruch 39 Cyprus Tine Biedenweg 42 Indian Ocean Islands Socotra Mikkel Sørensen 47 Zanzibar Karina Mikkelsen 50 Maldives Allan Timmermann 54 Krakatau Camilla Hansen 57 Bali and Lombok Grete Fogtmann Jensen 61 Pacific Islands New Guinea Lucía de la Guardia 66 2 Solomon Islands Karin T. Clausen 70 New Caledonia Franziska Petra Popko 74 Samoa Morten Ravn Knudsen 77 Tasmania Jan Nikkelborg 81 Fiji Melissa Wetter 84 New Zealand Marie S. Hoelgaard 87 Pitcairn Katrine Meisner 91 Juan Fernandéz Islands Gudny Asgeirsdottir 95 Hawaiian Islands Petr Klimes 97 Galápagos Islands Dorthe Jensen 102 Caribbean Islands Cuba Hubertus Heinicke 107 Dominica Ana Maria Martin Gonzalez 110 Essay localities 3 The Faroe Islands Kent Olsen Introduction The Faroe Islands is a treeless archipelago situated in the heart of the warm North Atlantic Current on the Wyville Thompson Ridge between 61°20’ and 62°24’ N and between 6°15’ and 7°41’ W.
    [Show full text]
  • The All-Bird Bulletin
    Advancing Integrated Bird Conservation in North America Spring 2014 Inside this issue: The All-Bird Bulletin Protecting Habitat for 4 the Buff-breasted Sandpiper in Bolivia The Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Conserving the “Jewels 6 Act (NMBCA): Thirteen Years of Hemispheric in the Crown” for Neotropical Migrants Bird Conservation Guy Foulks, Program Coordinator, Division of Bird Habitat Conservation, U.S. Fish and Bird Conservation in 8 Wildlife Service (USFWS) Costa Rica’s Agricultural Matrix In 2000, responding to alarming declines in many Neotropical migratory bird popu- Uruguayan Rice Fields 10 lations due to habitat loss and degradation, Congress passed the Neotropical Migra- as Wintering Habitat for tory Bird Conservation Act (NMBCA). The legislation created a unique funding Neotropical Shorebirds source to foster the cooperative conservation needed to sustain these species through all stages of their life cycles, which occur throughout the Western Hemi- Conserving Antigua’s 12 sphere. Since its first year of appropriations in 2002, the NMBCA has become in- Most Critical Bird strumental to migratory bird conservation Habitat in the Americas. Neotropical Migratory 14 Bird Conservation in the The mission of the North American Bird Heart of South America Conservation Initiative is to ensure that populations and habitats of North Ameri- Aros/Yaqui River Habi- 16 ca's birds are protected, restored, and en- tat Conservation hanced through coordinated efforts at in- ternational, national, regional, and local Strategic Conservation 18 levels, guided by sound science and effec- in the Appalachians of tive management. The NMBCA’s mission Southern Quebec is to achieve just this for over 380 Neo- tropical migratory bird species by provid- ...and more! Cerulean Warbler, a Neotropical migrant, is a ing conservation support within and be- USFWS Bird of Conservation Concern and listed as yond North America—to Latin America Vulnerable on the International Union for Conser- Coordination and editorial vation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct and Indirect Effects of the Guppy, Poecilia Reticulata, on the Structure and Function of Stream Ecosystems in the Norther
    DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF THE GUPPY, POECILIA RETICULATA, ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STREAM ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NORTHERN RANGE MOUNTAINS OF TRINIDAD by TROY NATHANIEL SIMON (Under the Direction of Catherine M. Pringle) ABSTRACT We are currently in the middle of the sixth mass extinction, thus predicting the ecological consequences of species loss from communities is a high priority research topic. Additionally, characterizing the ecosystem impact of macroconsumers has strong conservation implications, given the global trend in biodiversity loss toward higher trophic levels. The goal of this dissertation was to use Trinidadian guppies in the mountain streams of Northern Trinidad as a model system to explore several potentially important direct and indirect ecosystem effects of macroconsumers, which we have little understanding of in natural systems. This collection of studies utilizes both localized exclusion of macroconsumers using underwater electric fences within pools, as well as the natural reach-scale exclusion of guppies above and below barrier waterfalls to examine the ecosystem-level effects of macroconsumers. Results show that local adaptation of guppy populations, to the absence of large piscivores in higher elevation streams, shifted their top-down effects from reducing macroinvertebrate standing stock biomass, to reducing primary producer standing stock biomass. Additionally, the consumptive and non-consumptive effects guppies had similar but opposing effects on algal growth and biomass, which resulted in strong treatment effects from excluding guppies on primary algae. Finally, the loss of omnivorous guppies from a macroconsumer assemblage can alter the strength of top down effects of the remaining macroconsumer community on an important ecosystem-level process at both local- and landscape-scales.
    [Show full text]
  • Mating Systems in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): Evolutionary and Systematic Implications
    LANKESTERIANA 11(3): 207—221. 2011. MATING SYSTEMS IN THE PLEUROTHALLIDINAE (ORCHIDACEAE): EVOLUTIONARY AND SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS EDUARDO LEITE BORBA*, ARIANE RAQUEL BARBOSA, MARCOS CABRAL DE MELO, SAMUEL LOUREIRO GONTIJO & HENRIQUE ORNELLAS DE OLIVEIRA Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de MinasGerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. We developed a project addressing the determination of the reproductive system through experimental pollinations of species in the major genera representing all major lineages of Pleurothallidinae in order to determine occurrence of self-incompatibility in the subtribe, in which group it has possibly appeared for the first time, and how many times it has evolved. Additionally we surveyed the floral biology of species ofOctomeria , a genus with morphological characters typical of bee-pollinated flowers that was previously regarded as mellitophilous. At the moment, all but one of the species studied in selected large genera of the major lineages (Acianthera, Anathallis, Masdevallia, Octomeria, Specklinia, and Stelis) are self-incompatible. The species studied may possess complete, strong or partial self-incompatibility. We found two different sites where self-incompatibility reactions occur, the stigma and the stylar channel, and both sites were not found in the same genus except for Anathallis. In Anathallis, the two groups that differ morphologically (formerly Pleurothallis subgen. Specklinia sect. Muscosae
    [Show full text]
  • And Species in Indochina
    BLUMEA 41 (1996) 263-331 The genus Bridelia(Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia and Indochina - A regional revision Stefan Dressler Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden. The Netherlands Summary A taxonomic revision of Bridelia Willd. for Southeast Asia is presented together with comments on the characters used, the biogeography of the species involved and the phytographic history of the Nineteen for the from New Guinea was recently described genus. species are recognised region (one the distribution of 15 as new). A key and full descriptions are provided. Maps illustrate species. The current- Several distributional patterns were found which mainly reflect ecological requirements. ly accepted infrageneric delimitation (especially on the sectional level) as proposed by Jablonszky (1915) seems no longer to meet the demands of modern taxonomy and is used here only as a handy is undertaken working tool, but no attempt to propose a new one. Introduction In 1806, C.L. Willdenow published the generic name Briedelia to commemorate the bryologist S.E. Bridel (1761-1828). In 1818, K. Sprengel corrected Willdenow's of the botanist honoured. This became spelling to Bridelia to match the name com- and until several works mon use in subsequent times was accepted (including some important reference works) recently adopted the original spelling again in application of Article 60.1 of the InternationalCode of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., used 1994). ThereforeI have submitted a proposal to conserve Sprengel's generally spelling in order to maintain nomenclaturalstability (Dressier, 1996a). ofBridelia Miiller The first important account was published by Argoviensis (1866) in De Candolle's Prodromus.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Evolution of the Genus Pleurothallis R. Br
    Systematics and evolution of the genus Pleurothallis R. Br. (Orchidaceae) in the Greater Antilles DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Biologie eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Diplom-Biologe Hagen Stenzel geb. 05.10.1967 in Berlin Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. J. Mlynek Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Prof. Dr. M. Linscheid Gutachter/in: 1. Prof. Dr. E. Köhler 2. HD Dr. H. Dietrich 3. Prof. Dr. J. Ackerman Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06.02.2004 Pleurothallis obliquipetala Acuña & Schweinf. Für Jakob und Julius, die nichts unversucht ließen, um das Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit zu verhindern. Zusammenfassung Die antillanische Flora ist eine der artenreichsten der Erde. Trotz jahrhundertelanger floristischer Forschung zeigen jüngere Studien, daß der Archipel noch immer weiße Flecken beherbergt. Das trifft besonders auf die Familie der Orchideen zu, deren letzte Bearbeitung für Cuba z.B. mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert zurückliegt. Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf der lang ausstehenden Revision der Orchideengattung Pleurothallis R. Br. für die Flora de Cuba. Mittels weiterer morphologischer, palynologischer, molekulargenetischer, phytogeographischer und ökologischer Untersuchungen auch eines Florenteils der anderen Großen Antillen wird die Genese der antillanischen Pleurothallis-Flora rekonstruiert. Der Archipel umfaßt mehr als 70 Arten dieser Gattung, wobei die Zahlen auf den einzelnen Inseln sehr verschieden sind: Cuba besitzt 39, Jamaica 23, Hispaniola 40 und Puerto Rico 11 Spezies. Das Zentrum der Diversität liegt im montanen Dreieck Ost-Cuba – Jamaica – Hispaniola, einer Region, die 95 % der antillanischen Arten beherbergt, wovon 75% endemisch auf einer der Inseln sind.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020 Brazil
    Report Brazil Rome, 2020 FRA 2020 report, Brazil FAO has been monitoring the world's forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. The Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) are now produced every five years in an attempt to provide a consistent approach to describing the world's forests and how they are changing. The FRA is a country-driven process and the assessments are based on reports prepared by officially nominated National Correspondents. If a report is not available, the FRA Secretariat prepares a desk study using earlier reports, existing information and/or remote sensing based analysis. This document was generated automatically using the report made available as a contribution to the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, and submitted to FAO as an official government document. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO cannot be held responsible for any use made of the information contained in this document. 2 FRA 2020 report, Brazil TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1. Forest extent, characteristics and changes 2. Forest growing stock, biomass and carbon 3. Forest designation and management 4. Forest ownership and management rights 5. Forest disturbances 6. Forest policy and legislation 7. Employment, education and NWFP 8. Sustainable Development Goal 15 3 FRA 2020 report, Brazil Introduction Report preparation and contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s) Name Role Email Tables Ana Laura Cerqueira Trindade Collaborator ana.trindade@florestal.gov.br All Humberto Navarro de Mesquita Junior Collaborator humberto.mesquita-junior@florestal.gov.br All Joberto Veloso de Freitas National correspondent joberto.freitas@florestal.gov.br All Introductory text Brazil holds the world’s second largest forest area and the importance of its natural forests has recognized importance at the national and global levels, both due to its extension and its associated values, such as biodiversity conservation.
    [Show full text]