AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1102 the Aimcan MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY February 17, 1941 New York City

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AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1102 THE AImcAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY February 17, 1941 New York City

RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32

NEW AND INTERESTING BIRDS FROM NEW GUINEA BY A. L. RAND

This paper contains additional accounts Accipiter fasciatus dogwa, new sub- of new and interesting birds discovered in species working out the bird collections of the TYPE.-NO. 421685, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; 1936-1937 expedition to south New Guinea ce ad.; Dogwa, Oriomo River, Territory of expedition to north New Papua, New Guinea; February 16, 1934; Rich- and the 1938-1939 ard Archbold and A. L. Rand. Guinea. Twenty new subspecies are de- DIAGNOSIs.-In the adult plumage, differs scribed in this paper. I am indebted to Mr. from polycryptus in the paler underparts, the James C. Greenway of the Museum of dark bars being narrower and paler vinaceous brown, the white bars wider; and in the tend- Comparative Zo6logy, Cambridge, and to ency toward reduction of the barring on the Mr. Rodolphe de Schauensee of the thighs, abdomen, under tail-coverts and under Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- wing-coverts: from hellmayri, differs only delphia for the loan of pertinent material. slightly in the average heavier barring on the thighs, abdomen and under tail-coverts. In the immature plumage, differs from polycryptus in Butorides striatus idenburgi, new sub- the slightly paler brown markings below; from hellmayri, differs in the very much paler, not species dark brown, markings of the underparts. TYPE.-No. 305667, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; WING.-c ad. 223 mm.; 9 ad. 245, 255, 256; c? ad.; Bernhard Camp, 50 meters altitude, e imm. 221, 225; 9 imm. 240, 250, 250. Idenburg River, Netherland New Guinea; March 25, 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand RANGE.-Known only from south New and W. B. Richardson. Guinea. DIAGNOSIS.-This is a pale form with little REMARKS.-Stresemann (1935, Orn. rufous color on the underparts and almost white Monatsb., pp. 110, 111) has pointed out edgings to the upper wing-coverts. From moluccarum it differs in having the throat un- that two adult males from Merauke were marked white, not rufous gray and white; front very similar to Timor birds, and included of neck and upper breast mixed white and gray, them in hellmayri, while suggesting that with a few brownish streaks, not rufous gray the immature plumages might be different. heavily streaked with brownish and little white; breast and flanks pale gray with a faint rufous The material compared includes polycryptus tinge, not darker gray distinctly rufous washed; (SE. New Guinea) 7 e ad., 2 cl imm., 2 9 abdomen pale buffy, white in some specimens, not ad., 2 9 imm.; dogwa (S. New Guinea) gray, little different from the breast; edgings of 4 c?" ad., 2 e imm., 39 ad., 39 imm.; upper wing-coverts buffy white, not pale ochraceous. hellmayri (Timor, Savu and Alor) 9 e ad., WING.-c ad. 181 mm., 185; 9 ad. 175, 176, 6 9 ad., 2 9 imm. 176, 177, 181. CULMEN.-- ad. 64 mm., 64, 67; 9 ad. 63, Circus spilonotus spilothorax Salvadori 63, 63, 65, 66. and D'Albertis RANGE.-Known only from the type Lake Habbema: 1 9 ad.; August 11. locality. Balim River: 1 e ad., 1 9 ad.; Decem- REMARKS.-The sexes are practically ber 7, 14. alike in this series and there is little indi- Found at 1600 and 3225 meters altitude. vidual variation. It is surprising how WING.-d' 378 mm.; 9 400, 405. different this race is from the dark form The December female had its ovary papuensis which replaces it to the west. slightly enlarged. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1102

The understanding of the status of the the streaking on the underparts dark brown New Guinea Circus is unsatisfactory, due instead of black and extending onto the to lack of material. But what data and abdomen, differing in this from spilonotus. material I have accumulated suggest that Both specimens differ from the 10 adult New Guinea is inhabited by an endemic spilonotus in having the spotted outer rec- form of Circus in which the adult male as- trices washed with rufous, a character men- sumes a silvery, black and white plumage. tioned for the type of spilothorax. Both On Mt. Albert Edward in June, 1933, sil- specimens have dark subterminal spots in very males and light brown females were the central rectrices and the Albert Edward not uncommon. About Lake Daviumbu bird has an indication of these in some of on the middle Fly River in August and the other rectrices, as occurs in the sub- September, 1936, silvery males and brown adults of spilonotus, but there is no band as birds of various shades of darkness were recorded for the type of spilothorax. fairly common. About Lake Habbema in The two adult females are very similar August, 1938, gray, black and white males to each other, and differ considerably from and light brown females were fairly com- six adult female spilonotus in the paler mon; few were seen along the Balim River underparts, lacking the rufous wash on the in December, 1938. Though not uncom- breast, having only a light rufous wash on mon in certain localities, these birds were the thighs and abdomen. and having the always difficult to secure and besides the streaking narrower; on the upperparts above three specimens I have only one they differ in almost entirely lacking the other, an adult male, from Mt. Albert rufous wash which is pronounced in Edward (wing 441). spilonotus. In size, the Balim River male and the Since Salvadori's time there have been type of spilothorax (wing 380, Salvadori, few specimens of Circus recorded from 1880, Ornith. Pap., p. 71) fall below the New Guinea. Stresemann (op. cit., p. 263) range of that of spilonotus (10 e ad. 395- has recorded an immature of this race from 417, while Stresemann, 1924, Jour. fur New Guinea in March and pointed out Orn., p. 28, gives e 385-425) and the fe- how it differed from the young of spilo- males fall below the average (spilonotus 9 notus; Mayr and Camras (1938, Zool. ad. 420, 420, 425, 428, 451; Stresemann, Series Field Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 465) loc. cit., gives 9 400-440). However, the recorded a May juvenile from east New adult male from Albert Edward is much Guinea which they referred to spilonotus. larger (wing 441). This may indicate From the above data we have records of different populations in New Guinea, a the marsh hawk in New Guinea in March, point only further material can settle. May, June, August, September, December. In color, the Balim River male has the In the color of the outer tail-feathers of upperparts extensively black above, in- the two adult male specimens they differ cluding the crown and most of the upper from spilonotus and agree with the descrip- wing-coverts, but it is not as extensively tion of spilothorax. The two adult female black as one Philippine male which has the specimens differ considerably in color from sides of the head black. Most of the those of spilonotus available. On this evi- males seen about Lake Habbema had dence it seems advisable to consider these much black in the mantle at least; this was New Guinea specimens as representing an not the case in the Fly River area nor on endemic race spilothorax. Mt. Albert Edward. On the underparts the Balim River male compares well with Circus approximans gouldi Bonaparte ten adult males of spilonotus. The Mt. Lake Daviumbu: 1 9 imm.; Septem- Albert Edward bird, apparently fully ber 8. adult, has the black feathers of the crown Found near sea level. conspicuously edged with rusty, those of WING.-391 mm. +. the hind neck with white, the mantle and This specimen, with worn wing, is pro- lower back uniform brownish black, and visionally referred to this race. It is very 1941] RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32 3 dark above and below, with the white basal the amount of black spotting in the lower edgings to the feathers of the hind neck flanks, the tendency for these markings to showing. be on the ends of the feathers, and to form The taking of this specimen in an area a solid black area; and the primary coverts where gray and white examples of this beneath the alula being black, or mixed genus, probably C. spilonotus, were seen in black and white. August and September is further evidence as WING MEASUREMENTS for keeping spilonotus and approximans Male Female separate species. New Britain (10) 239-247 mm. 235, 236, Somewhat similar cases, in which a (sea level) (av. 243.6) 238, 239, "New Guinea" form and an "Australian" 244, 247 form, usually considered geographical (2500-3000 ft.) 250 247 New Ireland 241, 242, 249 236 representatives, have been found together New Hanover (sex? 245, 254) in south New Guinea are: Aegotheles Admiralty Islands 258 bennettii and cristatus, Eudynamys scolopacea and cyanocephala, and Dicrurus SOFT PARTS.-Iris brown or dark brown; carbonarius and bracteatus. bill bluish or bluish slate, tip yellowish (in skins the distal third is yellowish); feet Capella hardwickii (Gray) slate blue or lead blue. RANGE.-The Bismarck Archipelago and Mt. Wilhelmina, 6 miles northeast: 1 Admiralty Islands; up to 3000 feet altitude. da; August27. REMARKS.-There is considerable varia- Found at 3550 meters altitude. tion in the intensity of the yellowish tinge WING.-161 mm. in New Britain birds; this is not due to fad- Though this migrant from the palaearctic ing, as a series of seven collected in 1925 was known to winter in Australia, it has is yellower than a series of eleven collected hitherto not been recorded for New Guinea. in 1932-1933. New Ireland and New Hanover birds average paler yellow than Ducula spilorrhoa New Britain birds, and are as pale as the palest of them. New Ireland birds that In identifying birds of this species from have been in museum cases since 1889 and south New Guinea it was immediately ap- 1893 are about as yellow as specimens col- parent that this species was divisible into lected in 1928. The Admiralty Islands bird four clearly marked races, instead of the is as yellow as the yellowest New Britain two usually recognized. In the following I bird. It is interesting that in New Britain have reviewed the material in the American this species was taken inland at 2500 and Museum and four specimens from Biak Is- 3000 feet altitude, and that these birds land from the Academy of Natural Sciences should be at the upper limit of the size of Philadelphia, which Mr. Rodolphe Meyer variation for birds of that island. de Schauensee kindly loaned me. MATERIAL.-Admiralty Islands (Manus), 1 c; New Hanover, 2 sex (?); New Ducula spilorrhoa subflavescens Ireland, 3 c, 1 9, 3 sex (?); New Britain (Finsch) (Talesia, Bainings, Tarobi, Balayang 2500 Carpophaga subflave8cens FINSCH, 1886, Ibis, ft., Lobi 3000 ft.), 11 c, 7 9 . p. 2-extreme north corner of New Ireland. This very distinct race is characterized Ducula spilorrhoa spilorrhoa (Gray) by the general yellowish tinge to the white Carpophaga spilorrhoa G. R. GRAY, 1858, plumage; the great amount of black on the P.Z.S. London, pp. 186, 196-Aru Islands. tip of the outer pair of tail-feathers, which DIAGNOSIS.-Very different from subfla- varies between 15 and 36 mm. in width, vescens in the white or only palely yellow- measured along the shaft; the large size tinged body plumage; in the primary cov- of the black spots in the under tail-coverts, erts under the alula being white; in the which tend to be apical; the reduction in much less black in the end of the outer 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1102

pair of tail-feathers, which varies between greenish tint of these parts in mainland 0 and 12 mm. in width, measured along the birds, so I made a survey of the soft parts shaft; the average smaller size of the of this series as recorded on the various black markings of the under tail-coverts, labels. which tend to be subapical; in the black markings in the lower flank-feathers being LOCALITY BILL FEET Aru Islands Greenish yel- Ash gray subapical and more scattered to form an low or or area of spotting. greenish sul- bright ash gray phurous WINGIMEASUREMENT:S Biak Island Gray slate Blue slate Male ad. Female ad. or or Aru Islands 245 mm. 237 bluish slate pale blue slate Biak Island 227,231,231 233 with green- Takar 230 ish tip Jamna Island 232 Takar Slate blue, tip Slate blue Konstantinhafen 239 olive yellow Vulcan Island 242, 245 242 Jamna Slate blue, tip Slate blue Dampier Island 253 242 horn Normanby and Vulcan and Slate blue and Slate blue Fergusson Is- Dampier dull or green- lands 242, 246 Islands ish yellowish Trobriand Islands 229,232,237, 239 or 238,244 dull greenish Woodlark Island 231, 234, 235, (10) 225-237 yellow and 237,244 (av. 231) slate Misima Island 243 Normanby Rossel Island 240, 244, 244, 240 and Fergus- 246,247,251 son Islands Brown Gray Sudest Island 241,245 239 Woodlark Is- Green Gray Grange Island 240 234 land or or bluish slate, gray slate RANGE.-Apparently many scattered, yellowish at or isolated populations occur both on islands tip grayish laven- and the mainland of New Guinea: on the or der north coast east of Geelvink Bay; on the yellow, gray at or base lavender south coast east of Grange Island; Aru Sudest Island Yellow, tinged Blue slate Islands, islands of Geelvink Bay, Dampier, green or Vulcan, D'Entrecasteaux, Woodlark, Tro- or zinc blue briand, and Louisiade Islands. green slate or REMARKs-There is some variation in sage green size in different populations, and birds from Rossel Island Greenish yel- Lead blue the eastern part of the range have on the low or average larger black markings on the under or zinc blue greenish slate, or tail-coverts, but these differences are not yellowish tip dark slate blue great enough to be used in separating races. or One Woodlark and one Rossel Island fe- olive green male, both apparently adult, have the or greenish yel- -plumage of the back tinged with gray, but low, slate not the head. An immature bird from base Jobi (the only one I have from Jobi) has the upperparts tinged with gray and no From this it appears that the birds with of bluish bills are not restricted to Biak Is- black in the tips of the outer pair tail- is a seasonal in feathers, agreeing closely with an immature land. Perhaps there change bird from the Aru Islands. this character. SOFEr PARTs-Ripley (1939, Proc. Acad. Ducula spilorrhoa melvillensis Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, p. 18) pointed out (Mathews) that the Biak birds have the bill and feet Myristicivora bicolor melvillensis MATHEWS, bluish slate in contrast to the pale yellow- 1912, Austr. Av. Rec. I, p. 27-Melville Island. RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32

DIAGNOSIS.-Differs from spilorrhoa in REMARKS.-This is a very distinct race. having the head distinctly gray-tinged. There is considerable variation in this WING MEASUREMENTS series; some are rather dark gray in general Male ad. Female ad. coloration, others pale gray, but none has Melville Island 234, 234, 236, 233 (type) the body plumage white, and none lacks 238 mm. the gray head. Some specimens have a Northern Terri- 235, 236, 239 230, 232, 247, slight yellowish tinge to the plumage. tory (Alliga- 247 all tor, Daly, Some but not have the tertials and wing- Mary rivers) coverts with dusky colored shafts. Cape York 227, 232, 238, 223, 238 The grayness of south New Guinea birds 239 has been remarked on a number of times Central Queens- 228, 229, 229, 236, 238 land (Cook- 231, 232, 232, (Siebers, 1930, Treubia, VII, Suppl., p. town to Mac- 235, 237, 240 186-Netherland south New Guinea, and kay) Stresemann and Paludan, 1935, Mitt. Lord Howe Is- Zool. Mus. Berlin, XX (3), p. 452-Wamal land 241 and Welbuti) but apparently lack of com- Nicura 235, 237 parative material precluded recognition of RANGE.-Northern and eastern Australia its status. I have no material from the and the Hall Sound region of New Guinea. western part of south New Guinea, and REMARKS.-This is a fairly distinct race. Ogilvie-Grant (1915, Ibis, Jub. Sup., p. 304) The five birds from the type locality, Mel- made no comment on Mimika River birds. ville IAland, show the characters clearly. MATERIAL.-Tarara, 3 e, 1 9; Maba- Some of the other Northern Territory birds dauan, 2 e', 1 9; Daru, 1 9,1 sex(?); have a slight grayish tinge on the upper- Wuroi, 1 d; Dogwa, 1 d; Lake Davi- parts, and three have some dusky instead of umbu, 5 e, 6 9. white shafts in the tertials and wing-cov- Macropygia amboinensis balim, erts. The two Nicura (New Guinea) new subspecies birds are very like this. The Cape York TYPE.-NO. 306381, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; birds are badly stained and dirty, but all 9 ad.; 1600 meters altitude, Balim River, have a rather distinct gray head and some Netherland New Guinea; December 11, 1938; have a faint grayish tinge on the back. Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. The Central Queensland birds have whiter Richardson. DIAGNosIs.-Differs from kerstingi of north plumage, with little or no gray tinge in the and south New Guinea, and from cinereiceps back; some, including a Mackay bird, of eastern New Guinea in its larger size (e 175- have a distinctly gray head, others have it 182 mm. against 157-168, north New Guinea, barely indicated. The Lord Howe Island 160-173, south New Guinea); in the much paler and more whitish breast and abdomen; and in bird has a distinct gray head, a faintly gray- the duller, less rufous brown upperparts. These tinged back, and some of the tertials have color differences are more pronounced in the dusky shafts. female, whioh also has the top of the head much paler, less brownish. Ducula spilorrhoa tarara, new subspecies WING.- e ad. 175 mm., 176, 177, 180, 181, TYPE.-NO. 425391, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; 182; 9 ad. 167, 171, 173, 175, 176, 177. e ad.; Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Western Division, Territory of Papua, New Guinea; RANGE.-Known only from. the type lo- December 30, 1936; Richard Archbold and cality; perhaps restricted to this high moun- A. L. Rand. tain valley. DIAGNosIs.-Differs from melvillens8i in hav- IREMARKS.-It is interesting to find this ing the head deeper gray and the body plumage differentiated in a above and below gray-tinged, much more so sharply population high, than in any of the examples of melvillenris ecologically isolated valley in the center of which are gray-tinged. New Guinea, while large series from various WING.- e ad. (10) 234-248 mm. (av. 239.9); other parts of New Guinea show only slight 9 ad. 226, 231, 236, 241, 242, 247. variation from locality to locality, making RANGE.-South New Guinea, from the separation into only ill-defined subspecies Fly River westward at least to Merauke. possible. 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1102

Gallicolumba rufigula DIAGNOSIS.-Characterized by the pres- There has been doubt cast on the validity ence of the distinct gray area on the side of the two proposed races in this species of the head; and the wide, clear gray edg- (Hartert, 1930, Nov. Zool., XXXVI, p. ings of the upper wing-coverts, contrasting 117; Peters, 1937, Check-list of Birds of the sharply with the color of the wing and back. World, III, p. 134). Junge (1937, Nova WING.-c ad. 132 mm., 133, 136, 140; Guinea, p. 141), however, recognized two 9 ad. 139. races. RANGE.-Arfak to the Weyland Moun- An examination of forty-one specimens tains; probably the birds from the Mimika of adults from various parts of New Guinea River discussed by Ogilvie-Grant (1915, and the Aru Islands (I have no material Ibis, Jub. Sup., p. 313) belong here. from the western Papuan islands) reveals REMARKS.-The Arfak birds are slightly that geographical variation in this species more brownish above than the Weyland is greater than has been realized and Mountains birds, but this difference is three hitherto unnamed subspecies as well slight. as the two named forms must be recognized. MATERIAL.-Arfak, 3 ", 1 9, 1 sex The main characters on which I separate Triton Bay, 1 sex (?); Weyland Moun- these five races are (1) the presence or ab- tains, 4 c. sence of a pronounced gray area on the side of the head; (2) the width and shade of the Gallicolumba rufigula septentrionalis, gray edgings of the upper wing-coverts. new subspecies There are other, less pronounced characters TYPE-No. 306380, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; which also vary geographically but are e ad.; at 50 meters altitude, Bernhard Camp, subject to more individual variation, such Idenburg River, Netherland New Guinea; as the brownish or vinaceous shade of the April 16, 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand upperparts, and the intensity of this color; and W. B. Richardson. DIAGNosIs.-Differs from rufigula in the very area on the distinctness of the dark the much narrower gray edgings to the upper wing- nape; and the color of the forehead and coverts; in the somewhat darker and more crown. brownish crown; in the less pronounced dusky The birds of the fresh (1939) series from area on the nape; and in the slightly more intensely colored upperparts. north New Guinea all have the breast WING.-d ad. 128 mm., 130, 131; 9 ad. orange yellow. Only one other bird in the 125, 129, 131. rest of the series approaches them in this RANGE.-North New Guinea, from the (a Weyland Mountains, 1930, c). Of this Huon Peninsula to the Mamberamo River bird Rothschild wrote that the whole breast at least; found up to 850 meters altitude. and upper abdomen were bright orange REMARKS.-The upperparts of this series golden (1931, Nov. Zool., XXXVI, p. are slightly more red-brown than in Arfak 275); this certainly would not be said of birds; less vinaceous than in Weyland the specimen now. All the old specimens Mountains birds. have the breast whitish. In more recent MATERIAL.-Bernhard Camp, 4 km. specimens, with yellowish in the breast, southwest, 2 9 ad.; Bernhard Camp., 2 the concealed of the are portions feathers ad., 1 9 ad.; Humboldt Bay, 1 e, 1 brighter yellow than the exposed tips. sex (?); Sattelberg, 1 sex (?). Thus the yellow color of the breast appears to fade greatly, and though there may be geographical as well as individual varia- Gallicolumba rufigula orientalis, tion in this character, I cannot use it. new subspecies Some specimens have the tips of some TYPE.-NO. 419462, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; feathers of the abdomen blackish, ap- ad.; Kubuna, meters altitude, Central parently the result of staining. Division, Territory of Papua, New Guinea; December 15, 1933; Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand. Gallicolumba rufSgula rufigula (Pucheran) DIAGNOSIs.-Differs from rufigula and septen- Peristera rufigula PUCHERAN, 1853, Voy. Pole trionalis in having the edgings of the upper Sud, III, p. 118-Triton Bay. wing-coverts intermediate in size between those RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32 7 of the above two forms; and in their gray color Gallicolumba rufigula helviventris being considerably duller, offering less contrast with the coloring of the wing and the back; (Rosenberg) and in having the gray area of the side of the Ptilopus helviventri8 ROSENBERG, 1867 (1866), head less distinct. From rufigula, also differs Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie, 29, p. 144- in having the crown averaging browner. From Aru Islands. septentrionalis, also differs in having the dusky area on the nape more pronounced; and the DIAGNOsIs.-Agrees with alaris in lack- upperparts slightly duller and paler. ing the gray area on the side of the head; WING.-c' ad. 129 mm., 133, 133, 133, 134, differs from it in having the gray edgings of 136, 137, 137, 139; 9 ad. 126, 138. the upper wing-coverts, which are of me- RANGE.-Southeast New Guinea west- dium width, heavily tinged with vinaceous ward on the north coast to the Mambare so that they contrast little with the color River; on the south coast to the Yule Is- of the wing and back. land area; found up to 100 meters altitude. WING.-c 134 mm., 137. REMARKS.-Hartert (loc. cit.) said that RANGE.-Aru Islands. both rufigula and helviventris occurred in REMARKS.-Both specimens I have are southeast New Guinea, but this is not ap- rather dark above, tinged with brownish; parent in this material. All specimens dis- the fore crown is rather brownish; and the tinctly have the gray area in the side of the dusky area on the nape fairly well de- head, although it is less distinct than in the veloped. above two forms. MATERIAL.-Aru Islands, 2 e. MATERIAL.-Lower Mambare River, 1 9 ad.; Milne Bay, 2 e ad.; Port Moresby Trichoglossus haematodus caeruleiceps to Yule Island area, 8 ci ad., 2 9 ad. D'Albertis and Salvadori Gallicolumba rufigula alaris, Tarara: 7 e, 8 9; December 7- new subspecies January 23. TYPE.-No. 425514, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Daru: 4 c, 1 9; March 11-June 16. e ad.; Lake Daviumbu, Fly River, Territory Gaima: 1 c, 1 9; November 18,19. of Papua, New Guinea; August 28, 1936; Lake Daviumbu: c, 4 9; September Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand. 14-18. DIAGNOSIs.-Differs from rufigula, septentrionalis and orientalis in lacking the gray area Found near sea level. on the side of the head. The edgings of the WING.-d" (10) 134-148 mm. (av. upper wing-coverts are of medium size and con- 140.4); 9 (10) 132-140 (av. 136.9). trast sharply with the color of the wing and These average considerably smaller than back. WJNG.- ad. 133 mm., 138, 138, 139; 9 ad. nigrogularis from the Aru Islands (dc (10) 131, 132, 134, 137. 149-158 (av. 153); 9 147,148,150,152) as RANGE.-South New Guinea, from the van Oort (1909, Nova Guinea, p. 74) had Setekwa to the Fly River; found up to 100 pointed out. meters altitude. REMARKS.-There is some geographical Psittaculirostris salvadorii (Oustalet) variation in the birds I have included in Bernhard Camp: 1 9; May 4. this subspecies; the upper Fly River birds Found at 50 meters altitude. and the Setekwa River birds are about like WING.-109 mm. the southeast New Guinea orientalis in the This specimen compares well with the color of the upperparts; the middle Fly description of a female given by Salvadori River birds are somewhat lighter in general (1891, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., XX, p. 90). coloration above, with more of a brownish This is a very rare bird in collections. It tinge to the plumage. is so unlike edwardsii, which has been re- MATERIAL.-Sturt Island Camp, Fly corded from Humboldt Bay, that it seems River, 1 c ad., 1 9 ad.; Lake Daviumbu, advisable to consider it a different species 1 c ad., 1 9 ad.; Palmer Junction Camp, giving us three species in the genus: des- Fly River, 1 9 ad.; Black River Camp, marestii with several races, edwardsii and Fly River, 1 9 ad.; Setekwa River, 2 c. salvadorii. According to present knowl- 8 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1102 edge the forms in this genus represent each The forms madaraszi and modesta have other geographically. variously been considered species, or races of the same species. The finding of this Psittacella modesta subcollaris, new sub- specimen so close to a locality where I found species modesta makes it seem probable that they TYPE.-No. 305668, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; occur together in this area, and conse- ad.; at 1800 meters altitude, 15 km. south- quently it is necessary to consider them west of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Netherland New Guinea; January 19, 1939; species. There is the less probable possi- Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. bility that they represent each other alti- Richardson. tudinally and that their ranges do not over- DIAGNOSIS.-Closest to collaris Ogilvie-Grant, lap. But since in addition there are two from which it differs in the male by the narrower, and average brighter yellow band separating the very different groups of closely related brown of the head from the green of the back; forms involved, the relationships of the by the darker brown top and sides of the head; two groups are better brought out by by the darker brown throat; and by the slightly treating them as species as Rothschild darker green upperparts. In the female it differs by the reduction of the yellow band on (1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, XXI, p. the hind neck, almost lacking in most specimens; 233) has done. These two species, with by the much darker top and sides of the head; their races, are: and by the much darker throat. From modesta it differs in the male by the presence of the yellow band on the hind neck; and by the darker Psittacella modesta brown top and sides of the head: in the female modesta Schlegel Arfak it differs chiefly by the darker brown of the head. collaris Ogilvie- South slopes of the Snow Grant Mountains WING MEASUREMENTS subcollaris Rand South slopes of the Snow Male Female Mountains modesta 96mm. (1928)' 93 (1890)' Psittacella madaraszi collari8 94, 97 (1911)' 91, 92, 92 (1911)' madaraszi Meyer Southeast New Guinea subcollaris 94, 94, 96, 98, 92, 95, 95, 96, 98, huonenris Mayr Huon Peninsula 99, 100 102, 105 and Rand major Rothschild North slope of the Snow RANGE.-The north slopes of the Snow Mountains and the Mountains. Weyland Mountains REMARKS.-Fading may have affected somewhat the shade of brown of the older Eudynamys scolopacea rufiventer (Les- material (dates of collection are given after son) the measurements) but the extent of the Daru: 1 e ad., 1 e imm.; March 30. yellow of the hind neck would be unaffected. Lake Daviumbu: 1 -tad.; September It is interesting that this new race is 25. intermediate between modesta and col- Palmer Junction Camp: 1 9 ad.; laris in characters, but not in geographical June 3. position. The male is closest to cotlaris in Found up to 80 meters altitude. having a yellow band on the hind neck, the WING.-& ad. 185 mm., 188; a' imm. female is closest to modesta in having the 180; 9 189. yellow of the hind neck very much reduced The adult male is referred to this form or lacking. because of its size; the immature male because of the dark rufous color of the rem- Psittacella madaraszi major Rothschild nants of the immature plumage; the adult Bernhard Camp, 8 km. southwest: 1 9; female has the rufous plumage and pat- February 12. terned head characteristic of this form. In Found at 1600 meters altitude. 1934 I secured two immature males in WING.-95 mm. mixed plumage (wing 176, 187) at Daru. This specimen agrees very well with two The validity of minima seems very doubt- Weyland Mountains females of major. ful (see Junge, 1937, Nova Guinea, p. 182, 1 Year in which collected. and Mayr and Rand, 1937, Bull. Amer. 19411 RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32 9

Mus. Nat. Hist., LXXIII, p. 67). Appar- all these as subcyanocephala. All New ently specimens of this race from the main- South Wales and southeast Queensland land of New Guinea are rare in collections. birds (cyanocephala) differ in having the crown and malar stripe conspicuously Eudynamys cyanocephala subcyano- streaked with pale rufous; wing, 9, 205- cephala Mathews 220. A number of birds from Cairns and Daru: 7 dc ad., 1 dc imm., 7 9; March Cape York, presumably winter visitors 7-July 8. from farther south, are indistinguishable; Gaima: 1 ci imm.; November 11. wing, 9, 204-217. Sturt Island Camp: 1 ci imm., 1 9; All the females from south New Guinea October 29-November 1. have the head and nape black. The two Lake Daviumbu: 2 9; September 9, 24. breeding females compare well with Cairns Found near sea level. and Cape York resident females. Four WING.-d ad. 200 mm., 204, 204, 207, other females (March 7, 19, July, and 209, 212, 219; 6 imm. 198, 199, 207; 9 September 9) agree with Cairns and Cape 199, 200, 202, 203, 203, 205, 205, 207, 209, York females on the character of the 215. amount of black in the throat, but have The males are distinguishable from ruft- larger white spots on the upperparts, venter only on the basis of size; the imma- agreeing better with northwest Australian ture males still retain part of their imma- birds in this; one female (October 29) has ture plumage, which is distinguishable little black in the chin and larger white from that of rufiventer by the paler, less spots on the upperparts than in any Aus- rufous coloration; the females' plumage tralian bird. Two females (April 4 and differs from that of rufiventer in having the July 8) have the chin mottled black and crown and hind neck immaculate glossy rufous, the underparts more rufous than black, a large solid black malar stripe and any Australian birds, approaching rufiven- paler, less rufous general coloration. ter in this, and the spotting on the upper- Some of these birds breed in south New parts and the barring of the tail as rufous as Guinea, as is shown by the following data: rufiventer. These are unlike any Australian Daru, March 3, 9 recently finished birds. It is hardly likely that these last laying; birds are hybrids with rufiventer, as one Lake Daviumbu, September 24, 9 ovary would expect an indication of mottling in enlarged. the crown, which does not occur, if this Since this form breeds in south New were so. Guinea where rufiventer also occurs, it is Since part of this series is inseparable necessary to consider them different species, from subcyanocephala, I am including them not both races of scolopacea, as has been all under this name despite the wide done hitherto. variation which is inexplicable at the pres- The subspecific identity of these birds is ent time. puzzling. There is great variation in color I may mention here a specimen of this in the series. This may be complicated by species from the Kumusi River (A. S. possible migrants from Australia. It is Meek, May 9, 1907, 9, wing 212). It is necessary to say a word about the variation indistinguishable from some specimens of in the Australian birds. The northern cyanocephala, having the crown and malar territory females have the crown and nape area plentifully streaked, the spotting of black; wing, 9, 194-214; birds, presum- the upperparts and the barring of the tail ably residents from Cairns and Cape York, white, and only a rufous wash on the breast. are similar but have more black in the Thus we must consider at the present throat and have the white spots of the time that Eudynamys cyanocephala is a upperparts smaller; wing, 9, 207-227. species with two races, cyanocephala, which Possibly they should be separated, and the reaches New Guinea on migration, and sub- name flindereii might apply to the eastern cyanocephala, which breeds in south New birds. For the present I am considering Guinea, and perhaps has its numbers aug- 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1102 mented during the non-breeding season by Aegotheles insignis tatei, new subspecies migrants from Australia. TYPE.-NO. 426001, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; 9 adult; 80 meters altitude, 5 miles below the Palmer Junction, Fly River, New Guinea; June Aegotheles albertisi archboldi, new sub- 2, 1936; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and G. H. H. Tate. species DIAGNosIs.-Differs from the other two races TYPE.-No. 305669, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; of this species in the much smaller size; in the ce adult; at 2800 meters altitude, 9 kilometers considerable reduction in the size and abundance northeast of Lake Habbema, Netherland New of the white markings in the underparts and Guinea; October 28, 1938; Richard Archbold, above the eyes; in the remiges having the A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson. brownish-black color restricted to the inner por- DIAGNosIs.-Differs from albertisi and 8alva- tion of the basal half or two-thirds of the inner dorii in the darker, richer color of the upper- web, giving a rufous brown under wing, instead parts; the considerably coarser dark barrings of having the inner webs of the remiges brownish and light markings of the back, instead of ver- black; and in having the tail crossed by distinct miculations; the average darker, more richly whitish bars just below narrow indistinct dark colored and more heavily marked underparts. bars. WING.-&' (10) 115-126 mm. (av. 119.3); WING.- 9 138 mm., 145. (10) 115-127 (av. 9 121.7). RANGE.-Only known from the type RANGE.-Known from the north slope of locality. Mt. Wilhelmina, between 2200 and 3600 REMARKS.-The other two races of this meters altitude. species are only slightly different from each REMARKS.-The much coarser pattern other. This new race is strikingly dis- of the back is fairly constant throughout tinct. Both specimens are in a bright the series, but there is great individual rufous plumage, as bright as the brightest variation in the color of this series, as in specimen I have of pulcher, and are very the species generally. The rufous phase is similar to each other. deeper and more intensely colored than the This species elsewhere in New Guinea is rufous phase of albertisi; the gray phase a mountain bird, in south New Guinea has more rich rufous in the back than the coming to near sea level, as do a number of gray phase of albertisi. The race salvadorii other New Guinea species. This species is duller than albertisi, the rufous phase is apparently has not previously been re- not as bright, and the much more common corded from south New Guinea. gray phase has hardly any rufous in the upperparts. The markings in the back Collocalia whiteheadi papuensis, new also average finer in salvadorii. Three subspecies Huon Peninsula birds must be included TYPE.-NO. 305670, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; with salvadorii, though they average more e adult; at 1800 meters altitude, 15 kilometers heavily marked below, as must a Weyland southwest of Bernhard Camp on the Idenburg a River, Netherland New Guinea; January 20, Mountains and Mount Goliath (south 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. slope) bird, though these last two birds Richardson. differ somewhat from most salvadorii in DIAGNOSIs.-Similar to whiteheadi from north having the abdomen grayish buff, not Luzon but differs in having the throat considerably paler, more silvery gray, contrasting with whitish. The type of wondiwoi, which is a the brownish abdomen; and the upperparts much larger bird, is in bright pale rufous slightly more iridescent. plumage. WING.-c' (9) 124-142 mm. (av. 134.1); The ranges of the forms of this mountain 9 130,134,139,141. species are as follows: RANGE.-New Guinea; known from the Hollandia, Idenburg River, area, between A. a. albertisi Arfak Peninsula sea level and 1800 meters; Mount Goliath, A. a. wondiwoi Wandamen Peninsula 5000 feet; and Baroka, near sea level. A. a. archboldi North of Mt. Wilhelmina REMARKS.-The thirteen specimens from A. a. salvadorii Southeast New Guinea, ex- north New Guinea have the tarsus tending in the north to the all Huon Peninsula, in the south fairly well feathered; the Mount Goliath to the Weyland Mountains bird has it unfeathered, as does the Baroka 19411 RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32 11 bird. There is some variation in the gloss two populations may prove to be separable of the upperparts; it may be either bluish on the basis of the coloration of the females. or greenish. The character of the paler This is the first record of this species for throat is more marked in the north New north New Guinea. Guinea birds than in the Mount Goliath and Baroka birds. Sericornis beccarii idenburgi, new subspecies Alcyone pusilla laetior, new subspecies TYPE.-No. 305908, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; TYPE.-No. 305907, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; e adult; at 1200 meters altitude, 6 kilometers e ad.; altitude 50 meters, Bernhard Camp, southwest of Bernhard Camp on the Idenburg Idenburg River, Netherland New Guinea; River, Netherland New Guinea; February 15, April 10, 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. and W. B. Richardson. Richardson. DIAGNOSIs.-Closest to pusilla, from which it DIAGNosIs.-In the adult male this race has differs in the considerably paler, brighter blue the color pattern of the cyclopum-group (see of the upperparts, sides of the breast and flanks. Mayr, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 904) on ad. 51 mm., 52; 9 ad. 51. the forehead. It is closest to weylandi in the WING.-d? 51, male in the general color of the upperparts; RANGE.-Probably north New Guinea; from all the cyclopum-group it differs in the wings two specimens examined from Hollandia in having the light markings reduced to narrow in addition to the four from the type local- white or grayish edgings, not broad white margins; and in having the underparts much more ity. brownish olive. From the virgatus-group it REMARKS.-Mayr and I (1937, Bull. differs in the presence of the black and white Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. LXXIII, p. 78) pattern of the forehead, which is variable but al- have already pointed out this difference of ways present; in the presence of an incomplete white circle about the eye; and in the average north New Guinea birds. Additional ma- more brownish-olive underparts. terial from both north and south New The brownish olive of the underparts suggests Guinea shows this is not the result of indi- an approach to the variable S. pontifex, but that form (of which I have no material) appears to vidual variation. have no black and white pattern on the head. WING.-c 57 mm., 60, 62, 62, 63; 9 58, 59, Campochaera sloetii sloetii (Schlegel) 60, 60. Bernhard Camp: 3 ' ad., 1 9 (?) ad.; RANGE.-Only known from the slopes March 18-29. above the Idenburg River, between 850 Found at 50 meters altitude. and 1200 meters altitude. WING.-cl 103 mm., 104, 104; 9 (?)103. REMARKS.-This is one of the races of Through the kindness of Mr. Rodolphe de beccarii which show an approach to the Schauensee, I have been able to compare species nouhuysi. However, it is still un- this series with a series of Arfak material questionably beccarii and could never be collected in 1938. The Arfak birds have referred to nouhuysi, as have some inter- wing measurements 6' 101, 103, 105, 105, mediate races, such as pontifex. 107; 9 108. The present males differ from the Arfak males in being slightly more Gerygone palpebrosa tarara, new sub- yellow on the back, slightly brighter orange species on the rump and underparts and in having TYPE.-No. 426737, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; e ad.; Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Territory of the bill slightly broader at the base. The Papua, New Guinea; January 4, 1937; Richard single female differs from the Arfak female Archbold, A. L. Rand and G. H. H. Tate. in the slightly brighter orange of the under- DIAGNosIs.-Intermediate between the quite parts, the considerably paler gray throat different personata and inconspicua. From at personata from Cape York it differs in the male and the bill being slightly broader the in the much blacker, less brownish chin, throat, base. The Arfak female has more of an ear-coverts and forehead; the paler yellowish olive band on the breast below the gray breast and abdomen; and the darker upperparts. throat, than the north New Guinea female, The females differ in the considerably paler yellowish underparts; in the white throat being but the skin of the former is somewhat dis- less sharply separated from the yellowish breast; torted, perhaps accounting for this in part. and in the darker upperparts. In both sexes the This suggests that with more material the bill averages slightly smaller (bill tarara-ci 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1102

11.5-13 mm., 9 12; personata-e 12.5-13.5, 9 Pachycephala schlegelii viridipectus Har- 12.5-13.5). From inconspicua the present race differs in the male by having the black of the tert and Paludan throat and head distinctly brownish tinged, not 15 km. northeast Lake Habbema: c, pure black; by having less black on the forehead; 9; Oct. 9-Nov. 7. by having the underparts paler yellow and the upperparts considerably paler. Bele River Camp: d; Nov. 18-Dec. 1. WING.-c (10) 51-58 mm. (av. 53.2); 9 (8) 18 km. southwest Bernhard Camp: c, 49-54 (av. 50.9). 9; January 18-28. RANGE.-Known from the area between 18 km. southwest Bernhard Camp: c, the Morehead River and the mouth of the 9; February 2-7. Fly River. Found from 1800 to 2800 meters. REMARKS.-This is a very distinct race. WING MEASUREMENTS In 1937 (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Altitude Male Female LXXIII, p. 128) when Mayr and I re- 2800 meters 90-94 mm. 87-91 to we had 2200 94 ferred Wuroi birds personata, 2150 83-88 83-87 no comparative material. It is interesting 1800 87 82-86 that on the east bank of the Fly River at its mouth and on the west bank of the The above shows that there is an increase middle Fly River (at Lake Daviumbu) the in size with increase of altitude. In addi- form of palpebrosa which occurs is the tion the birds from 2200 and 2800 meters quite different inconspicua Ramsay. have the back slightly more olive, less clear greenish than those from the lower altitudes on the Idenburg slopes. The present Myiagra rubecula rubecula (Latham) series compares well with a series from the Daru: 1 ci imm., 1 9,1 sex(?); March Weyland Mountains. 21-April 8. This race is but slightly differentiated Gaima: 1 ci November 21. from obscurior on the basis of the slightly imm.; greener and broader breast band in the fe- Sturt Island Camp: 1 ci imm., 1 9, 1 male and the less intense coloration of the sex(?); October 11-31. abdomen in the male (though the original Lake Daviumbu: 3 ci ad., 5 9; Au- description states that males are alike). gust 19-September 29. Under P. lorentzi I have shown how Found near sea level between March 21 Snow Mt. birds of this species have been and October 31. confused with lorentzi. WING.-dc ad. 75 mm., 79, 80; ci imm. The races of this species are: 74, 76, 79; 9 74, 74, 74, 75, 77, 80; sex(?) P.s. schlegelii Schl. Arfak and Wandamen 75, 80. Peninsulas is first record for this form from P. 8. viridipectus Weyland and Snow Mts. This the Hart. and Paludan New Guinea, though Australian ornitholo- P. 8. cyclopum Hart. Cyclops Mts. gists have long assumed that it winters here. P. $. ob8curior Hart. Mountains of southeast This series differs from the resident New New Guinea, Huon Gxuinea race in the larger bill, the longer Peninsula and ? Sepik wing and tail, and in the male in the darker, area more iridescent throat and blacker lores; Pachycephala lorentzi Mayr in these characters it compares better with Mt. Wilhelmina to 7 km. northeast: ci the typical race rubecula, than with yorki ad.,-9 ad.; September 5-29. from Cape York, where rubecula also occurs Lake Habbema: cP ad., 9 ad.; Aug. on migration, or with concinna Gould from 3-Oct. 6. northwest Australia. Camp 9 km. northeast of Habbema: ci The resident race is strictly a savanna ad., c imm., 9 ad., 9 imm.; October 11- bird, while this winter visitor is sometimes 31. found in the edge of the forest as well as in Bele River Camp: 9 ad.; November the savanna. 13-24. 19411 RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32 13

Camp 18 km. southwest Bernhard of P. schlegelii and P. lorentzi from the Camp: e ad., 9 ad.; February 5-7. south slopes of Mt. Wilhelmina considered Camp 15 km. southwest Bernhard Camp: that the examples of lorentzi labeled male 9 ad.; January 9-18. and female were the females of P. schlegelii, Found from 2200 to 3800 meters on the and that females of P. schlegelii were imma- north slope of Mt. Wilhelmina and from ture males. 1800 to 2150 meters on the slopes above the However, the material from the third Idenburg River. Archbold expedition shows clearly that WING MEASUREMENTS Pachycephala lorentzi is a species with male Altitude Male Female and female similar and lacking a green 3600-3800 meters 91-95 mm, 88-93 breast band, inhabiting the slopes of the 3225 90-94 84-94 Snow Mts. from 1800 meters to 3800 meters, 2800 86-91 85-89 while P. schlegelii in which the female has a 2200 " 85, 86 2150 " 86 83,83 green breast band also occurs in this area 1800 " 82 from 1800 meters to 2800 meters. The range of this species is restricted to Three specimens in the American Mu- the Snow Mountains where it is known seum from Mt. Goliath (Meek coll.), one of from the southern slopes of Mt. Wilhel- them taken at 5000 ft. altitude, measure, mina, Mt. Goliath 5000 ft., and the Utakwa male 80, females 82, 85. River 8000 ft., in addition to the present This species has always been confused localities. with the geographical representative of The preceding table, giving wing length, Pachycephala schlegelii which also occurs in shows that there is an increase in size with the Snow Mountains. It differs from P. altitude. It might be possible to separate schlegelii in having the male and female two races on the basis of size but until the alike and similar to the female of P. distribution of such mountain forms is schlegelii. From this it differs in the finer better understood it seems inadvisable to do and usually shorter bill and in lacking the this. green breast band. Three immature males and one imma- This species was described by van Oort ture female have the top and sides of the in 1910 (1910, Notes Leyden Mus., XXXII, head rusty red, the chin and throat mixed p. 213) as Poecilodryas caniceps pectoralis rusty red and gray, under tail-coverts from the Hellwig Mountains. rusty red, and a few rusty feathers in back, When Rothschild and Hartert received wing-coverts, rump, abdomen and flanks; three specimens of this species, one labeled the rest of the plumage is similar to that of a male and two females, they recorded the adult. them as three females of P. s. schlegelii (1913, Nov. Zool., p. 508). Ogilvie-Grant Toxorhamphus poliopterus maximus, (1915, Ibis, Jub. Sup., p. 91) evidently re- new subspecies ceived one specimen of this species from TYPE.-NO. 305909, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; 8000 ft. on the Utakwa River and discussed e ad.; 15 kilometers southwest of Bernhard it and the three Mt. Goliath birds; he re- Camp, Idenburg River, Netherland New Guinea, altitude 1500 meters; January 29, 1939; Rich- ceived specimens of P. schlegelii from the ard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson. same locality and called them all obscurior, DIAGNOSIS.-Differs from the other two races considering van Oort's description to apply in the longer bill, longer wing, darker greenish- to the young male. gray crown and darker green back. Mayr (1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, p. RANGE.-The north slope of the Snow 673) considered examples of this species to Mountains, between 1200 and 1500 meters, be the females of P. schlegelii and, since west to the Weyland Mountains, between van Oort's name was preoccupied, pro- 1200 and 1700 meters altitude. posed the name P. s. lorentzi which must be REMARKS.-Two specimens from the used for this species. Junge (1939, Nova Weyland Mountains, collected by Stein, Guinea, p. 39) working over the collection are still larger (9 ad. wing, 66, bill 31; 9 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [NO. 1102

MEASUREMENTS eP ad. Cf imm. 9 ad. 9 imm. poliopterus Wing 67, 68 mm. 59, 61,62 (southeast New Guinea) Bill 33, 33 28, 28, 28 septentriona8is Wing 71 63,64 63 Bill 30 27.5, 27.5 27.5 maximus Wing 73, 78 68 62 62 Bill 35,36 36 30 imm. wing 72, bill 31). Hartert et al. Bivak specimens and found them identical. (1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, p. 193) Junge referred them to nuchalis, apparently considered the sexing incorrect because of without comparing them. These birds are the large size of the birds. definitely smaller than my series. They must be compared with other material in Melidectes torquatus mixtus, new sub- the light of recent discoveries before it can species be decided whether they should be in- TYPE.-NO. 306378, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; cluded with mixtus, or if mixtus is confined ce ad.; Balim River, 1600 meters, Netherland to high valleys in the center of the Snow New Guinea; December 12, 1938; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson. Mountains. DIAGNOSIS.-This new race has a mixture of characters found in a number of other races, Meliphaga analoga citreola, new sub- without obviously being intermediate between species any two races. It is a large race, like polyphonus, but differs from it in the much paler TYPE.-No. 306377, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; On the upperparts it is closest to Cf ad.; Bernhard Camp, 6 km. southwest, Iden- underparts. burg River, altitude, 1200 meters, Netherland in even polyphonus, but differs being darker and New Guinea; March 5, 1939; Richard Arch- more the somberly colored, lacking ochraceous bold, A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson. tinge on the blackish-brown nape; and having a DIAGNOSIS.-Differs from flavida in the shorter more blackish rump. In the color of the underparts it is closest to nuchalis, differing from that wing; the more slender, though not shorter bill; the slightly more yellowish underparts, especially race in the darker, more somberly colored upperparts, the wider white margins to the back the throat; in the much brighter, clear olive- feathers and the larger size. The white throat green upperparts; and in the slightly softer, less dense rump tuft. patch is slightly larger than in any other specimens before me except some specimens of poly- Male Female phonus, but this may be due in part to the man- (10) 73-79 mm. (av. 76.1) 72, 72, 74 ner the skins. Wing of preparation of The throat Bill (10) 15-17 (av. 15.8) 14, 14.5, 14.5 wattle is rudimentary or absent. WING.-d 119 mm., 120, 120, 122, 122, 123; 117. RANGE.-The slopes above the Idenburg 9 111, 112, River between 850 and 1200 meters. RANGE.-My material is from the Balim REMARKS.-This is an altitudinal repre- River area, between 1600 and 2200 meters. sentative of analoga, differing in smaller REMARKS.-In 1931 Mayr (Mitt. Zool. size and brighter coloration. It is the Mus. p. that the Berlin, 661) suggested most brightly colored of any of the "Meli- Snow Mountains bird might be an un- phaga analoga and its allies" complex, and described race, and in 1936 described in wing length differs little from the small- nuchalis from the Weyland Mountains, est, gracilis and orientalis. The population which is intermediate in characters between of flavida on the Idenburg River is some- torquatus and cahni. He suggested that what yellower than those at Hollandia, and the Snow Mountains birds were the same. on Jobi, indicating a tendency toward this Hartert Nova Guinea, p. 475) had (1932, race in color, though not in measurements. listed birds from the Doormanpad-Bivak (Idenburg slopes, wing e 115, 117, 118, 9 Dicaeum geelvinkianum setekwa, new 108) as torquatus. Junge (1939, Nova subspecies Guinea, p. 59) compared birds from the TYPE.-No. 698101 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; south slopes of Mt. Wilhelmina (wing e e ad.; Setekwa River, 2000 ft., Netherland 117, (?) 103) with two Doormanpad- New Guinea; September 1, 1910; A. S. Meek. 1941] RESULTS OF THE ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS. NO. 32 15

DIAGNosIs.-Differs from diversum in the New Guinea; December 16, 1938; Richard much less blackish, more olive upperparts, es- Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson. pecially on the back of the neck. The red in DIAGNOSTs.-Closest to diversum from which the plumage averages slightly lighter in color, it differs chiefly in its larger size. It also differs and the red breast patch in the male is slightly slightly in the more grayish breast; in the lighter larger. flanks; and in the slightly darker upperparts. WING.-c 50 mm., 51, 51, 54; 9 47, 47. WING MEASUREMENTS RANGE.-Known from the Setekwa Male Female River up to 3000 feet; probably occurs centrali8 56, 57, 57, 58, 58, 51, 51, 52, 52, along the south slopes of the Snow Moun- 58,59, 59 mm. 52,53,55 tains. Its range at higher altitudes is prob- diversum 49, 50, 51, 52, 52, 46, 48, 48, 48, ably taken by the larger and much darker 52,54,551 49,49 centrale. RANGE.-Known only from the type REMARKS.-Rothschild and Hartert locality. (1903, Nov. Zool., X, p. 215) described the REMARKS.-This is apparently a higher race diversum on the basis of a male from altitude representative of diversum, which is the Ambernoh [= Mamberamo] River, a interesting, as the series was taken on the male from Humboldt Bay and a female southern drainage slope of the Snow Moun- from Takar. Later series from south of tains, where the much paler race setekwa the Snow Mountains were referred to this lives in the lowlands. race (van Oort, 1909, Nova Guinea, p. 98; Rothschild and Hartert, 1913, Nov. Zool., Melanocharis longicauda umbrosa, new XX, p. 511; Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, subspecies Jub. Sup., p. 81; Junge, 1939, Nova TYPE.-NO. 305910, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Guinea, p. 48). e ad.; 6 kilometers southwest of Bernhard When Hartert received an additional Camp, at 1200 meters, Idenburg River, Nether- specimen, a male, from Hollandia (1930, land New Guinea; February 27, 1939; Richard Archbold, A. L. Rand and W. B. Richardson. Nov. Zool., XXXVI, p. 51) he separated DIAaNosIs.-Tail as in longicauda and chloris. the two birds from the Humboldt Bay area In the male this race differs from both these as simillimum, keeping the other two north others by having the underparts much darker New Guinea birds and the south Snow olive gray. From chloris it also differs in the much less yellowish wash on the underparts in Mountains series as diversum. both sexes; the female is also slightly darker The additional material from north New below. Guinea shows that the birds from Takar, WING.-ce ad. 62 mm., 62, 62, 66; 9 61. Mamberamo and Hollandia fall within the RANGE.-Known only from the type lo- range of variation of a series from the Iden- cality. burg River, while the series from south of REMARKS.-Three females from Arfak, the Snow Mountains is different. one from the Weyland Mountains, and one Thus in the lowlands north of the Snow from 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp Mountains we have diversum with similli- all have a small white subterminal mark mum Hartert as a synonym; south of the on the inner web of the outer tail-feathers, Snow Mountains lives another race, se- which is lacking in the males. Junge tekwa, and in the Snow Mountains another, (1939, Nova Guinea, p. 49) records a fe- dark, larger race closest to diversum. male from Arfak as without white on the inner web of the outer tail-feathers. Junge Dicaeum geelvinkianum centrale, new (loc. cit.) records chloris from the south of subspecies Mt. Wilhelmina. TYPE.-NO. 306379, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; 1 Includes the types of both diversum and aimilli- e ad.; Balim River, 1600 meters, Netherland mum.