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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortfi Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9238180 Late Prehistoric populations in the Ohio area: Biological affinities and stress indicators Giesen, Myra Jayne, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1992 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Aibor, MI 48106 LATE PREHISTORIC POPULATIONS IN THE OHIO AREA: BIOLOGICAL AFFINITIES AND STRESS INDICATORS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Myra Jayne Giesen, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State university 1992 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Paul W. Sciulli Dr. William S. Dancey pjüuZüJ Adviser Dr. Richard W. Yerkes Department of Anthropology Copyright by Myra Jayne Giesen 1992 To my family 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The magnitude of th is d iss e rta tio n often became an overwhelming personal hell for me, however it could not have been accomplished without support from many directions. Thus, I wish to thank the following individuals for assistance in my times of need. I express sincere appreciation and admiration to Dr. Paul Sciulli, my mentor and friend, for his guidance, constructive criticisms, and support during all phases of my research. Thanks go to the other members of my committee Dr. William Dancey and Dr. Richard Yerkes fo r th e ir suggestions and comments. I thank the following for allowing access to materials in th e ir care: Lane Beck (Peabody Museum of Natural History), Jay Heilman (Dayton Museum of Natural History), Martha P o tter Otto (The Ohio H isto ric a l S o ciety ), Paul S c iu lli (The Ohio S tate U niversity) and David S tothers (University of Toledo). Gratitude is extended to the Department of Anthropology for providing research space and storage, in addition to financial assistance through GTA and GRA assignments throughout my tenure in the Department. I appreciate the iii services and consultations provided by the Academic Computing Services of The Ohio State University, in addition to the funds which they furnished for mainframe operations. This research was partially supported by a Graduate Research Alumni Award granted by the Graduate School at The Ohio State University. I thank those who read and commented on this manuscript at various stages: Lane Beck, A Joanne Curtin, Annette Ericksen, Andrea Gorzitze, Lee Richardi, Michael Serra, Lori Sheeran, and James Wettstaed. Thanks also is due James Stewart for the illustrations. Last, but most certainly foremost, I wish to express my thankfulness, my indebtedness, and my love to my family who provided financial and moral support while I pursued a goal they never entirely understood. They never let me lose sight of myself or the "bigger picture" of life. To them my deepest gratitude! IV VITA December 30, 1962 ....................... Born - W ichita, KS 1984 .................................................. B.A. in Anthropology, The Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 1986 ................................................... M.A. in Anthropology, The Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 1985-1986 ......................................... Teaching Assistant, Department of Anthropology, The W ichita S tate University, Wichita, KS 1987-1990 ......................................... Teaching Associate, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 1989-1990 ......................................... S ta ff O steologist, The Ohio State University Isthmia Excavations, Isthmia, Greece 1990-1991 ......................................... Research Assistant, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 1991-1992 ......................................... Teaching Associate, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 1992 ................................................... Research Assistant, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH PUBLICATIONS Sciulli PW, Janini G, and Giesen MJ (1988) Phenotypic selection on the dentition in a Late Archaic population of Ohio. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 76:527-534. Giesen MJ (1988) Processual Analysis of Bone, Antler, and Shell Artifact Assemblage from House 2 Annie’s Site. In DJ Blakeslee (ed.): St. Helena Archaeology: New Data, New interpretations. Lincoln, NB: J & L Reprints. Giesen MJ and Sciulli PW (1988) Long bone growth in a Late Archaic skeletal sample. (Abstract) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 75:213-214. Giesen MJ and S c iu lli PW (1989) The Pearson Complex: cranial variation and biological affinities. (Abstract) Am. J, Phys. Anthropol. 78:228. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Anthropology Studies in Skeletal and Dental Variation. Professor PW S c iu lli. Studies in Nutrition. Professor PW Sciulli. Studies in Ohio Valley Prehistory. Professors WS Dancey and RW Yerkes. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................................................................................................ i i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................. i i i VITA ............................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................... X LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................. XVÜ CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION.............................. 1 Research Objectives ....................................................... 8 H y p o th e s e s ............................................. 8 I I. MATERIALS................................................................................. 11 Fort Ancient T radition .............................................. 11 Previous Studies of Fort Ancient Skeletal M a t e r i a l ......................................................................... 16 Anderson Village Site (33WA4) ............................ 22 Buffalo (46PU31) 28 M adisonville (33HA36) .............................................. 31 SunWatch (33MY57) ....................................................... 38 Sandusky Tradition ....................................................... 40 Indian H ills (33W04) 43 Pearson (33SA9) ............................................. 46 Petersen (330T9) 49 Summary ............................................................................. 50 I I I . OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT RESEARCH................................... 54 Biological Distance ....................................................... 54 Metric D ata .................................................................... 58 Nonmetric D a ta ........................................................... 60 Biocultural Stress Indicators ................................ 63 A b s c e ss e s ......................................................................... 64 A t t r i t i o n ......................................................................... 65 Dental Caries ................................................................ 68 vii Tooth L o s s ................................................................ 75 s t a t u r e .............................................................................. 76 Long Bone G r o w t h .................................................. 76 Adult H eight ........................................................... 79 IV. METHODS.................................................................................. 85 Age Determination ....................................................... 85 Subadult Age Determination ............................ 85 Adult Age Determination ..................................... 86 SÏÏÀ Determination ....................................................... 86 Metric D ata .................................................................... 87 Cranial Metrics ....................................................... 88 Adult Postcranial Metrics ................................ 90 Subadult Postcranial Metrics ....................... 90 Nonmetric D a ta ........................................................... 91 Biocultural Stress Indicators
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