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The 400Th Anniversary of the Lancashire Witch-Trials: Commemoration and Its Meaning in 2012
The 400th Anniversary of the Lancashire Witch-Trials: Commemoration and its Meaning in 2012. Todd Andrew Bridges A thesis submitted for the degree of M.A.D. History 2016. Department of History The University of Essex 27 June 2016 1 Contents Abbreviations p. 3 Acknowledgements p. 4 Introduction: p. 5 Commemorating witch-trials: Lancashire 2012 Chapter One: p. 16 The 1612 Witch trials and the Potts Pamphlet Chapter Two: p. 31 Commemoration of the Lancashire witch-trials before 2012 Chapter Three: p. 56 Planning the events of 2012: key organisations and people Chapter Four: p. 81 Analysing the events of 2012 Conclusion: p. 140 Was 2012 a success? The Lancashire Witches: p. 150 Maps: p. 153 Primary Sources: p. 155 Bibliography: p. 159 2 Abbreviations GC Green Close Studios LCC Lancashire County Council LW 400 Lancashire Witches 400 Programme LW Walk Lancashire Witches Walk to Lancaster PBC Pendle Borough Council PST Pendle Sculpture Trail RPC Roughlee Parish Council 3 Acknowledgement Dr Alison Rowlands was my supervisor while completing my Masters by Dissertation for History and I am honoured to have such a dedicated person supervising me throughout my course of study. I gratefully acknowledge Dr Rowlands for her assistance, advice, and support in all matters of research and interpretation. Dr Rowland’s enthusiasm for her subject is extremely motivating and I am thankful to have such an encouraging person for a supervisor. I should also like to thank Lisa Willis for her kind support and guidance throughout my degree, and I appreciate her providing me with the materials that were needed in order to progress with my research and for realising how important this research project was for me. -
The Magic of Britain
DISCOVER BRITAIN WITH BRITAIN’S BEST GUIDES GUIDEthe WINTER 2016 THE MAGIC OF BRITAIN The spellbinding history of druids, wizards and witches INSIDE SEVEN TALL TALES – LEGENDS, LIES AND LORE OUR GUIDES’ GUIDE TO NORTHERN IRELAND AND HAMPSHIRE GOING UNDERGROUND WITH THE ROYAL MAIL’S SECRET RAILWAY From Bollywood A CHILD’S EYE VIEW A HULL OF A TIME to St John’s Wood Landscapes from children’s literature Getting naked in the City of Culture THE EVENT #1 ATTRACTIONS | DESTINATIONS | HOTELS Over 2 days, explore the very best hotels, JOIN US AT attractions and destinations from the length and THE ESSENTIAL breadth of the British Isles. Offering a great opportunity to meet existing and source new EXHIBITION DEDICATED suppliers and service providers, your visit will leave TO YOUR INDUSTRY you packed up and ready to go for your next trip! Book your FREE trade ticket quoting Priority Code BTTS105 at WWW.TOURISMSHOW.CO.UK 2 Contents 4 What to see this winter Go underground with Mail Rail; a 600 year wait to visit London’s Charterhouse; burial barrows make a comeback 6 The Guides’ Guide From giants to monsters, our guides reveal their top ten places to visit in Northern Ireland 8 The Magic of Britain Mark King, Chair to the The spellbinding history of druids, witches and wizards British Guild of Tourist Guides and the spells they cast on us to this day A WARM WELCOME 14 Legends, Lies and Lore Fact and fiction from British history TO ‘THE GUIDE’... During these long, dark nights, it’s fitting to 16 A Child’s Eye view of Britain feature two themes that many guides talk about The landscapes and locations that inspired in their tours: children’s literature and witchcraft. -
Witches Road Trail
DIRECTIONS from Pendle Lancaster Follow the Tourism Signs • The starting point for the Pendle Witch Trail is at Pendle The Year The Trail Heritage Centre, in Barrowford near Nelson. • Follow the A682 out of Barrowford to Blacko. Jubilee Tower Turn left at the sign to Roughlee. r oo M e • At the crossroads carry straight on to Newchurch. grass M it High oo h r W • Turn right past Witches Galore, go up the hill. T rou Emmets gh of • Keep straight on through Barley Village past the Pendle The Pendle Witches lived at Bow 1612 land Inn, the road bends sharp left to Downham. Sykes a turbulent time in England’s Dunsop Bridge • Go past the Assheton Arms and follow the road to the left, history. It was an era of and keep left. • Turn left to Clitheroe following the A671. ill Moor religious persecution and H l M a r superstition. Newton • Follow signs for the Castle & Museum and take time to Waddington explore this historic market town. Whalley Abbey is just 4 Chatburn miles from Clitheroe and makes a worthwhile diversion. Then take the B6478 to Waddington and the Trough of Newchurch Downham Bowland. Roughlee James I was King and he lived Barrowford • Follow signs to Newton, past the Parker Arms (B6478). in fear of rebellion. He had • In Newton Village turn left to Dunsop Bridge. Clitheroe survived the Gunpowder Plot of Pendle • Go through Dunsop Bridge then turn right to the Trough H il Colne l of Bowland and Lancaster. 1605 where the Catholic plotters Nelson • Follow signs to Lancaster. -
Criminals, Lunatics and Witches: Finding the Less Than Pleasant in Family History Craig L
Criminals, Lunatics and Witches: Finding the Less Than Pleasant in Family History Craig L. Foster AG® Criminals The largest portion of the known criminal population were the common sneak thieves which included burglars, pickpockets and other types of thieves. Those involved in more violent crimes such as assault, battery, violent theft, highway robbery, manslaughter, murder, rape and other sexual offenses were fewer in number. Henry Mayhew, et al., The London Underworld in the Victorian Period (Minealoa, New York: Dover Publications, 2005), 109. In 1857, at least 8,600 prostitutes were known to London authorities. Incredibly, that was just a small portion of the estimated prostitutes in London. While London had the most prostitutes, there were ladies of ill-repute in every industrial centre and most market towns. Henry Mayhew, et al., The London Underworld in the Victorian Period (Minealoa, New York: Dover Publications, 2005), 6. Lists/records of “disorderly women” are found at: The National Archives at Kew Bristol Archives Dorset History Centre Gloucestershire Archives Plymouth & West Devon Records As well as many other repositories Children also served time in prison. For example, in Dublin, Ireland alone, between 1859 and 1891, 12,671 children between ages seven and sixteen were imprisoned. Prison registers are found at the National Archives of Ireland. Aoife O’Conner, “Child Prisoners,” Irish Lives Remembered 36 (Spring 2017), [n.p.] Online Sources for Searching for Criminals: Ancestry Birmingham, England, Calendars of Prisoners, 1854-1904 Cornwall, England, Bodmin Gaol, 1821-1899 Dorset, England, Calendar of Prisoners, 1854-1904 England & Wales, Criminal Registers, 1791-1892 London, England, King’s Bench and Fleet Prison Discharge Books and Prisoner Lists, 1734-1862 Surrey, England, Calendar of Prisoners, 1880-1891, 1906-1913 United Kingdom, Licenses of Parole for Female Convicts, 1853-1871, 1883-1887 FamilySearch Ireland Prison Registers, 1790-1924 findmypast Britain, Newgate Prison Calendar, vols. -
The Pendle Witches
THE PENDLE WITCHES On August 20th 1612 ten people convicted of witchcraft at the Summer Assize held in Lancaster Castle went to the gallows on the moors above the town. Among their number were two men and a woman in her eighties. Their crimes included laming, causing madness and what was termed “simple” witchcraft. In addition to this, some sixteen unexplained deaths, many stretching back decades, were laid at their door. Lancashire, in the early years of the seventeenth century, was remote, its roads poor, its people ill-educated. Throughout the county there were places where the outside world hardly intruded, and one such area was Pendle Forest. It was here, among stark hillsides, infertile valleys and scattered hamlets, that the story of the Pendle Witches had its beginnings. AN ILL-FATED MEETING On March 18th 1612 a young woman by the name of Alison Device was out begging on the road to Colne. She stopped a peddler from Halifax, John Law, and asked him for a pin. He refused her request and walked away. According to Alison’s own testimony her ‘familiar spirit’ in the shape of a dog, appeared to her and asked if she would like him to harm Law. Alison was new to the art of witchcraft; indeed she seems to have resisted being brought into what was in effect the family business. But now she agreed that Law must be punished and she told the dog to lame the peddler. No doubt to her great surprise, the curse took immediate effect and Law fell to the ground, paralysed down one side (presumably by a stroke) and unable to speak. -
The Witches of Selwood Forest
The Witches of Selwood Forest The Witches of Selwood Forest: Witchcraft and Demonism in the West of England, 1625-1700 By Andrew Pickering The Witches of Selwood Forest: Witchcraft and Demonism in the West of England, 1625-1700 By Andrew Pickering This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Andrew Pickering All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5188-4 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5188-6 [In] other cases, when wicked or mistaken people charge us with crimes of which we are not guilty, we clear ourselves by showing that at that time we were at home, or in some other place, about our honest business; but in prosecutions for witchcraft, that most natural and just defence is a mere jest, for if any cracked-brain girl imagines (or any lying spirit makes her believe) that she sees any old woman, or other person pursuing her in her visions, the defenders of the vulgar witchcraft […] hang the accused parties for things they were doing when they were, perhaps, asleep on their beds or saying their prayers —Francis Hutchinson, An Historical Essay Concerning Witchcraft (1718), vi-vii. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations, Maps and Tables .................................................. -
Tuesday 15 January 2013 – Morning LEVEL 2 AWARD THINKING and REASONING SKILLS B902/01/RB Unit 2 Thinking and Reasoning Skills Case Study
Tuesday 15 January 2013 – Morning LEVEL 2 AWARD THINKING AND REASONING SKILLS B902/01/RB Unit 2 Thinking and Reasoning Skills Case Study RESOURCE BOOKLET (CLEAN COPY) Duration: 1 hour *B922100113* INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • This is a clean copy of the Resource Booklet which you should already have seen. • You should refer to it when answering the examination questions which are printed in a separate booklet. • You may not take your previous copy of the Resource Booklet into the examination. • You may not take notes into the examination. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • CONTENTS OF THE RESOURCE BOOKLET Document 1 Witchcraft in 17th Century England Document 2 Background information on the Pendle Witch Trials Document 3 Adapted Extracts from Thomas Potts’ official record of the trial 3a: Testimony of Alizon Device 3b: Testimony of Old Mother Demdike 3c: Testimony of Jennet Device Document 4 Extract from Lancashire Life magazine 2008 Document 5 Extract from news.bbc.co.uk, August 2008 Document 6 Comments posted on ‘Have your Say: Is a Royal Pardon for the Pendle Witches long overdue?’ Document 7 Article adapted from The People newspaper Document 8 Article from the German Herald newspaper Document 9 A discussion between three students about whether to launch a new campaign to pardon the witches • This document consists of 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. INSTRUCTION TO EXAMS OFFICER / INVIGILATOR • Do not send this Resource Booklet for marking; it should be retained in the centre or recycled. Please contact OCR Copyright should you wish to re-use this document. © OCR 2013 [D/502/0968] OCR is an exempt Charity DC (NF/SW) 67159/1 Turn over 2 DOCUMENT 1 Witchcraft in 17th Century England • Witchcraft, along with refusing to attend church, was a crime in 1612. -
The Burning Time: Witchcraft in the Seventeenth Century Janet Few @Janetfew Further R
The Burning Time: witchcraft in the seventeenth century Janet Few http://thehistoryinterpreter.wordpress.com @JanetFew Further Reading Barry, Jonathan Witchcraft and Demonism in South West England: Palgrave historical studies in witchcraft and magic Palgrave Macmillan (2012) Davies, Owen Cunning Folk: Popular Magic in English History 2007 Hambledon Continuum Few, Janet Coffers, Clysters, Comfrey and Coifs: the lives of our seventeenth century ancestors Family History Partnership (2012) Gaskill, Malcolm Witchfinders: a seventeenth century English tragedy 2005 John Murray Gent, Frank J The Trial of the Bideford Witches Crediton (2001) available free online http://gent.org.uk/bidefordwitches/tbw.pdf MacFarlane, Alan Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: a regional and comparative study 1970 Routledge Martin, Lois The History of Witchcraft 2007 Pocket Essentials Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. Witchcraft a History 2000 Tempus Publishing Ltd. Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. Witch Hunters 2005 Tempus Publishing Ltd. Merrifield, Ralph The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic 1987 Batsford Merrifield, Ralph ‘The Use of Bellarmines as Witch-Bottles’ in Guildhall Miscellany 3, February 1954, offprint Sharpe, James Instruments of Darkness: Witchcraft in Early Modern England 1997 University of Pennsylvania Press Timmons, Stephen ‘Witchcraft and Rebellion in late seventeenth century Devon’ in Journal of Modern History 10 (2006) Winsham, Willow Accused: British witches throughout history Pen & Sword (2016) Winsham, Willow England’s Witchcraft Trials Pen & Sword (2018) List of English witch trials www.hulford.co.uk/county.html www.witchtrials.co.uk Although this site is ostensibly about the Essex witch trials, it contains a great deal of general information including details of the witchcraft acts and a long list of those tried for witchcraft in Essex. -
Aberdeenshire, 156 Academia, Conflict In, 5, 32–3, 36, 37–8, 55–6, 189
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80868-2 - Witchcraft, Sorcery, Rumors, and Gossip Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern Index More information Index Aberdeenshire, 156 Ankarloo, Bengt, 156 academia, conflict in, 5, 32–3, 36, 37–8, anthrax scare, 24, 45, 48, 195 55–6, 189, 201 anthropological analysis, modes of, 3–4, acculturation, 94 8, 9–10 aconite, 141 Antze, Paul, 95 adoption, international, 87 Arens, William, 51, 59 Aeneas, 53 Assam, 177, 178 Afghanistan, 111 assault sorcery, 81, 170, 185; gossip, Africa, xiii, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12–13; and compared with, 83; in Pangia, 120–1, vampire stories, 51; see also names of 124–5; among Duna, 124–5; and specific peoples Oksapmin, 125;asappropriationof AIDS, 49, 69, 79, 91, 124–5, 135 vitality, 171 Airds farm, 159 Augsburg, 26 AK-47s, 181 Auslander, Mark, 67–72, 92, 187 Akan, 191 Ayodhya, 177, 180–1 Akin, David, 73 Ayrshire, 15, 51 Al-Qaeda, 111 Azande, 2–3, 8, 65 Albigensians, 15 Allport, Gordon, 40–3, 101, 171, 183 Babha, Homi, 182 Ambeli,´ 56–7 Babri Masjid mosque, 177, 180–1 ambiguity, 30, 83, 93, 103 Bailey, Michael, 16, 143 Ambon, 173 Banda, 174 Amin, Shahid, 106–7 Bangka, 175 Anderson, Jens, 3, 79, 129 Bangladesh, 178, 180, 181 Andreski, Stanislav, 145–6 Barnes, R. H., 169, 174–5 Angels of Mons, 198 Basel, massacre of Jews in, 146 Angus, 159–60 Bayly, Christopher, 107 217 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80868-2 - Witchcraft, Sorcery, Rumors, and Gossip Pamela J. -
SIBA Allergen Information
SIBA Allergen Information Contains Sulphur Dioxide or Contains Contains Lupin Contains Milk or Contains Gluten Sulphites Crustaceans or Flour / Lupin Contains Soya Milk Products (Wheat/Barley etc) Brewer (if greater than Shellfish Products Code Brewer/Brand Name 10mg/kg) 8 S01 8 SAIL ALE 3.8 Barley 8 S01 8 SAIL MERRY MILLER 4.1 Barley 8 S01 8 SAIL VICTORIAN PORTER 5.0 Barley ABB1 ABBEY ALES BELLRINGER 4.2 Barley & Wheat ABB1 ABBEY BSTH BEST BITTER Barley ABB1 ABBEY SOMERSET ALE 3.8 Barley ABB2 ABBEYDALE ABSOLUTION 5.3 Barley ABB2 ABBEYDALE BRIMSTONE 3.9 Barley ABB2 ABBEYDALE DAILY BREAD 3.8 Barley ABB2 ABBEYDALE MOONSHINE 4.3 Barley ABB2 ABBEYDALE SPECIAL 4.1 Barley ACO1 ACORN BARNSLEY BITTER 3.8 Barley ACO1 ACORN BARNSLEY GOLD BITTER 4.3 Barley ACO1 ACORN BLONDE 4.0 Barley ACO1 ACORN GORLOVKA STOUT 6.0 Barley ACO1 ACORN I.P.A. 5.0 Barley ACO1 ACORN OLD MOOR PORTER 4.4 Barley ACO1 ACORN SOVEREIGN 4.4 Barley ACO1 ACORN SPECIAL ONE 4.1 Barley ACO1 ACORN SPECIAL TWO 4.5 Barley ACO1 ACORN YORKSHIRE PRIDE 3.7 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS EXPLORER 4.3 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS GHOST SHIP 4.5 Barley & Rye ADN01 ADNAMS LIGHTHOUSE 3.4 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS OLD ALE 4.1 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS 1659 SMOKED RUBY 4.7 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS SHINGLE SHELLS 3.9 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS TALLY HO 7.0 Barley ADN01 ADNAMS WILD HOP 4.8 Barley ALF01 ALFREDS SAXON BRONZE 3.8 Barley & Wheat ALL01 ALLENDALE BLACK GROUSE BITTER 4.0 Barley & Wheat ALL01 ALLENDALE CURLEWS RETURN 4.2 Barley & Wheat ALL01 ALLENDALE GOLDEN PLOVER 4.0 Barley & Wheat ALL01 ALLENDALE WAGTAIL ALE 3.8 Barley & Wheat -
J. Starr Dissertation
Student ID Number (req’d) 1443356 COVERSHEET FOR DISSERTATION Institute of English Studies, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU MA/MRES IN THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK The Wonderful Discoveries: English Witchcraft and Early Stuart Title of Dissertation: Pamphlet Culture Date Due: 18 September 2015 Date Submitted: 11 September 2015 Extension granted: Authorised by: *Word limits include footnotes but not bibliographies Number of words* 16,090 and appendices. See handbook for further guidance. Markers: please read instructions to markers overleaf Markers’ Comments (to be returned to the student) Provisional Agreed Mark ___/100 1" Instructions to Essay Markers Page 1 is the main sheet for comments to be returned to the student. The comments and mark should be provided by the first marker in agreement with the second marker. The spaces below are for additional individual comments (NOT to be seen by the student) and marks. Please ensure that you include your mark, name and date in the spaces below. If you have no further comments to add to the agreed comments on the first page, please indicate this in the box provided. First Marker Comments Mark Awarded ___/100 Examiner Date Second Marker Comments Mark Awarded ___/100 Examiner Date AGREED MARK Date 2" The Wonderful Discoveries: English Witchcraft and Early Stuart Pamphlet Culture 1443356 Supervisor: Professor Sandra Clark Dissertation Submission for MA History of the Book September 2015 1 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Chapter 1: Witchcraft in Context 5 Chapter 2: Pamphlets and Materiality of Text -
Syllabus-UK Pendle Witch 2018
Pendle Hill Witch Project, England Course ID: ARCH 365AH June 17 – July 21, 2018 FIELD SCHOOL DIRECTOR: Prof. Charles E. Orser, Jr., Vanderbilt University, [email protected] INTRODUCTION The trial of the Pendle Hill witches in Lancashire, England, in 1612, is the most famous witchcraft case in English history. The hanging of seven women and men accused at Lancaster Castle was one of the largest mass executions of witches in England’s history. The trial was the subject of one of the most widely read books about the trial of witches, Thomas Potts’ The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancashire, published in 1613. Editions of the book are still available today. Sixteenth- and seventeenth- century English authorities perceived witchcraft as a serious matter. The accused were in danger of being arrested, tried, and even executed. In truth, however, many individuals labeled as witches were traditional healers (shamans) who helped their community members with personal sickness, the illness of livestock, the location of lost objects, or offering protection from evil witches. In the days before scientific medicine, community members often looked to people they believed to have supernatural powers as their last resort for health and prosperity. Despite the great interest in witchcraft by scholars and the public, little sustained archaeological research has concentrated specifically on the practice, its material culture, and its relationship to community structure and stability. Viewed from an anthropological perspective, witchcraft appears integral to the life of a community and, when seen in archaeological terms, has significant material elements. The overall paucity of archaeological research means that new information about the material culture of daily rural life—including objects once perceived as having magical properties—will provide exciting dimensions to understanding witchcraft in seventeenth-century England.